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1. Suppose you want to determine if there are differences in the average prices among
items at three local supermarket chains. To reduce bias, how should you select the
items to use in your study?
A) Choose items which you know are commonly purchased.
B) Randomly select an appropriate number of times from a list of all possible items in
the supermarket.
C) Choose only brand-name items.
2. Does giving an incentive really work on improving exam scores? For example, consider
the following treatments to measure the use of incentives.
Treatment 1: No incentive
Treatment 2: Incentive given to all
Treatment 3: Incentive given only if a certain score is received
For this experiment, assume all subjects are seniors at a university. To reduce bias,
how should you select the items to use in your study?
3. A public opinion poll in Ohio wants to determine whether registered voters in the state
approve of a measure to ban smoking in all public areas. They select a simple random
sample of 50 registered voters from each county in the state and ask whether they
approve or disapprove of the measure. The proportion of registered voters in the state
who approve of banning smoking in public areas is an example of _________.
A) a sample proportion
B) a statistic
C) a parameter
D) an unbiased statistic
Page 1
4. A free cholesterol screening program is set up in the downtown area during lunch hour.
Individuals can walk in and have their cholesterol measured for free. One hundred
seventy-three people use the service, and their average cholesterol is 217 mg/dL. The
value 217 is an example of _________.
A) a sample proportion
B) a statistic
C) a parameter
D) an unbiased parameter
5. On a chilly spring afternoon, 10 lab sections of a statistics class all have full attendance.
The 10 lab sections each have the same number of students enrolled in it. A class
evaluation is about to be administered to some of the students. It has been decided to
first randomly select 3 of the 10 lab sections and then give the evaluation to a simple
random sample of one-fourth of the students in those sections. Among the students
answering the survey, 77% said they enjoy the statistics class. Which statement(s)
correctly describe the value 77%?
A) A sample proportion
B) A statistic
C) A parameter
D) A stratum
6. A call-in poll conducted by USA Today concluded that Americans love Donald Trump.
This conclusion was based on data collected from 7800 calls made by USA Today
readers. USA Today reported that of the 7800 calls, 6435 calls were supportive of
Donald Trump. This results in a percentage of 82.5%. Of the 6435 supportive calls,
about half came from female callers. Which value(s) can be labeled as statistics?
A) 7800 and 6435
B) 6435 and 82.5%
C) 6435, 82.5%, and 50%
D) 82.5% and 50%
Page 2
7. A study, conducted by Jackson et al. and published in the journal Cancer Causes and
Control in 2009, examined 33,938 women aged 40 to 84 years old who resided in
California and who reported having had a mammogram within the last 2 years. The
researchers were interested in characteristics of women who routinely obtain
mammograms, as suggested by the American Cancer Society, to detect breast cancer.
The table below provides a column that refers to the sample size and provides
characteristics of the 33,938 women who were included in the study who reported
having had a mammogram.
Sample
size
Total 33,938
Race/Ethnicity
Latina 3458
African American 1923
Asian/Pacific Islander 2807
White 24,487
Other 1263
Marital Status
Married/Living with 17,916
partner
Not currently married 16,022
Education
Less than high school 3599
High school 8000
graduate/GED
Some college/tech school 10,408
College or more 11,931
Household Income
Below $35K 13,164
$35K < $60K 6906
$60K < $100K 7125
$100K and above 6743
The data in the sample size column can be considered

A) statistics.
B) a parameter.
C) the population.
D) None of the above
Page 3
Sample size
Total 33,938
Race/Ethnicity
Latina 3458
White 24,487
Other 1263
Marital Status
partner
Education
High school 8000
graduate/GED
Household Income
Below $35K 13,164
$35K < $60K 6906
$60K < $100K 7125
The proportion of the sample that were Latina is an example of a

A) statistic.
B) parameter.
C) sample.
D) population.
Page 4
Sample size
Total 33,938
Race/Ethnicity
Latina 3458
White 24,487
Other 1263
Marital Status
partner
Education
High school 8000
graduate/GED
Household Income
Below $35K 13,164
$35K < $60K 6906
$60K < $100K 7125
What proportion of the sample had a household income below $35K?

A) 13,164/33,938
B) 33,938/13,164
C) 13,164
D) 33,938
Page 5
Sample size
Total 33,938
Race/Ethnicity
Latina 3458
White 24,487
Other 1263
Marital Status
partner
Education
High school 8000
graduate/GED
Household Income
Below $35K 13,164
$35K < $60K 6906
$60K < $100K 7125
What is the value of the parameter, p, that represents the proportion of women in
California who have less than a high school education?
A) 3599/33,938
B) 33,938/3599
C) 3599
Page 6
Sample size
Total 33,938
Race/Ethnicity
Latina 3458
White 24,487
Other 1263
Marital Status
partner
Education
High school 8000
graduate/GED
Household Income
Below $35K 13,164
$35K < $60K 6906
$60K < $100K 7125
What is the value of the statistic, , that represents the proportion of women in
California who have less than a high school education?
A) 3599/33,938
B) 33,938/3599
C) 3599
Page 7
Sample size
Total 33,938
Race/Ethnicity
Latina 3458
White 24,487
Other 1263
Marital Status
partner
Education
High school 8000
graduate/GED
Household Income
Below $35K 13,164
$35K < $60K 6906
$60K < $100K 7125
Are the results of the study likely biased toward one race/ethnicity group?
A) No, not as long as valid sampling process was used.
B) Yes, because most of the women in the study were white.
C) Yes, because the study included too many race/ethnicity groups.
Page 8
Sample size
Total 33,938
Race/Ethnicity
Latina 3458
White 24,487
Other 1263
Marital Status
partner
Education
High school 8000
graduate/GED
Household Income
Below $35K 13,164
$35K < $60K 6906
$60K < $100K 7125
Having such a large number of the respondents being white would create _____
variability in their responses.
A) high
B) low
C) no
D) biased
Page 9
Sample size
Total 33,938
Race/Ethnicity
Latina 3458
White 24,487
Other 1263
Marital Status
partner
Education
High school 8000
graduate/GED
Household Income
Below $35K 13,164
$35K < $60K 6906
$60K < $100K 7125
Having such a low number of the respondents being African American would create
_____ variability in their responses.
A) high
B) low
C) no
D) biased
Page 10
Sample size
Total 33,938
Race/Ethnicity
Latina 3458
White 24,487
Other 1263
Marital Status
partner
Education
High school 8000
graduate/GED
Household Income
Below $35K 13,164
$35K < $60K 6906
$60K < $100K 7125
The margin of error for the white respondents is likely _____ the African American
respondents.
A) lower than
B) higher than
C) the same as
D) as biased as
Page 11
16. Suppose you are going to roll a six-sided die 60 times and record , the proportion of
times that an even number (2, 4, or 6) is showing. At approximately what value
should the sampling distribution of be centered?
A) 1/6
B) 1/3
C) 1/2
D) 30
17. Suppose you are going to roll a six-sided die 60 times and record , the proportion of
times that an even number (2, 4, or 6) is showing. Suppose you decide to roll the die
200 times instead of 60 times. How will this affect the center and spread of the sampling
distribution of ?
A) Both the center and the spread will remain the same.
B) The center will remain the same, but the spread will increase.
C) The center will remain the same, but the spread will decrease.
D) Both the center and the spread will decrease.
18. The number of undergraduates at Johns Hopkins University is approximately 2000,

while the number at Ohio State University is approximately 40,000. A simple random
sample of 50 undergraduates at Johns Hopkins University will be obtained to estimate
the proportion of all Johns Hopkins students who feel that drinking is a problem among
college students. A simple random sample of 50 undergraduates at Ohio State
University will be obtained to estimate the proportion of all Ohio State students who
feel that drinking is a problem among college students. What can we conclude about the
sampling variability in the sample proportion, , calculated from the sample at Johns
Hopkins as compared to that in the sample proportion from Ohio State?
A) The sample proportion from Johns Hopkins will have less sampling variability than
that from Ohio State.
B) The sample proportion from Johns Hopkins will have more sampling variability
than that from Ohio State.
C) The sample proportion from Johns Hopkins will have about the same sampling
variability as that from Ohio State.
D) It is impossible to make any statements about the sampling variability of the two
samples because the students surveyed were different.
Page 12
while the number at Ohio State University is approximately 40,000. Suppose, instead,
that at both schools a simple random sample of about 3% of the undergraduates will be
taken. What can we conclude about the sampling variability for the sample proportion
from Johns Hopkins as compared to that from Ohio State?
A) The sample proportion from Johns Hopkins will have less sampling variability than
that from Ohio State.
B) The sample proportion from Johns Hopkins will have more sampling variability
than that from Ohio State.
C) The sample proportion from Johns Hopkins will have about the same sampling
variability as that from Ohio State.
samples because the students surveyed were different.

while the number at Ohio State University is approximately 40,000. Suppose the
actual proportion of undergraduates at Johns Hopkins University who feel drinking is a
problem among college students is 67%. A simple random sample of 50 undergraduates
at Johns Hopkins University found that 60% of those sampled felt that drinking was a
problem among college students. Which value(s) can be labeled as a parameter(s)?
A) 60%
B) 67%
C) 60% and 67%
D) 50

while the number at Ohio State University is approximately 40,000. Suppose the
actual proportion of undergraduates at Johns Hopkins University who feel drinking is a
problem among college students is 67%. What is the mean of the sampling distribution
of the percentage of students who feel drinking is a problem in repeated simple random
samples of 50 Johns Hopkins undergraduates?
A) 60%
B) 65%
C) 67%
D) 70%
Page 13
22. Every year around Christmas time, many parents take their children to a mall to have
their child's picture taken with Santa. The Centennial Mall management has calculated,
based on years of experience, that about 40% of all children cry when they sit on Santa's
lap. Suppose 80 children were randomly selected from this year's crowd. Of these 80
children, 45% cried. If repeated samples of 80 children were to be selected, what is the
center of the sampling distribution of the percentage of sampled children who cry when
seated on Santa's lap?
A) 40%
B) 45%
C) 80
D) Somewhere between 40% and 45%
23. The proportion of supermarket customers who do not buy store-brand products is to be
estimated. Which of the following scenarios would lead to a sampling distribution of
the sample proportion with the lowest variability?
A) Sample 100 customers from the roughly 2000 customers who shop at one store
location.
B) Sample 100 customers from the roughly 20,000 customers who shop at the stores
citywide.
C) Sample 200 customers from the roughly 2000 customers who shop at one store
location.
D) Sample 300 customers from the roughly 20,000 customers who shop at the stores
citywide.
24. The proportion of supermarket customers who do not buy store-brand products is to be
estimated. Suppose 500 customers are selected from the roughly 20,000 customers
who shop at the stores citywide. The sample proportion of supermarket customers who
do not buy store-brand products equals 33.5%. Which value(s) can be labeled as
statistic(s)?
A) 20,000
B) 500 and 20,000
C) 33.5%
D) 20,000 and 33.5%
Page 14
25. Which histograms display a sampling distribution that is unbiased for estimating the
proportion of women at a large university, which is known to be 45%?
A)
B)
C)
D)
Page 15
26. A simple random sample of 50 students is taken from a local community college, which
has a total of about 1500 students. Another simple random sample of 50 students is
taken from a large state university, which has a total of approximately 20,000 students.
The sampled students each answer a one-question survey which reads, “About how
many MP3 songs do you own?” The sample average number of MP3 songs owned is
calculated for the two sets of students. What can we conclude about the sampling
variability in the sample average number of MP3 songs of the students sampled from the
small community college as compared to that in the sample average of the students
sampled from the large state university?
A) The sample mean from the small community college has less sampling variability
than that from the large state university because there are fewer students at the
small community college.
B) The sample mean from the small community college has more sampling variability
than that from the large state university because there are more students at the large
state university.
C) The sample mean from the small community college has about the same sampling
variability as that from the large state university because the sample sizes are equal.
sample means because the students surveyed came from different schools.
27. Hoping to attract more shoppers, a city is planning to build a new public parking garage
downtown. The city plans to pay for the structure through parking fees. The consultant,
who is advising the city on this project, has selected a simple random sample of 44
weekdays and calculated the average amount in fees collected from neighboring parking
structures. The sample mean was $967. Which of the following scenarios would lead to
the smallest margin of error?
A) Sample fewer days, so that the sample mean may be lower than $967 and the
margin of error will be smaller as well.
B) Sample fewer days-a smaller sample size will automatically lead to a smaller
margin of error.
C) Sample more days-with more days we have more data and our estimate is expected
to be more accurate, leading to a smaller margin of error.
D) Stay with a sample size of 44 days-this sample size was used for a reason, which
was most likely to reduce the margin of error.
Page 16
28. For the following scenario, determine if the numbers in boldface type are statistics or
parameters.
A company manufactures cardboard containers for packaging frozen fruit juices. The
manufacturing process forms the containers by joining cardboard stock to a metal
bottom. The container can be inspected to determine if there might be leaks along the
cardboard seam or where the metal bottom is attached. It is known from long experience
that 18% of cans produced by this process are defective. A random sample of 50 cans
was selected from the production process on Monday, and it was found that 12% of the
selected cans were defective. Because this seemed to indicate an improvement, another
sample was selected of the same size on Tuesday, and in it 21% of the cans were
defective. The numbers 12%, 18%, and 21% are, respectively, a
A) statistic, statistic, and parameter.
B) statistic, statistic, and statistic.
C) parameter, statistic, and parameter.
D) parameter, parameter, and statistic.
E) statistic, parameter, and statistic.
29. Which of the following statements best describes a sampling distribution?

A) It is the distribution of the values of a particular variable that are observed in a
random sample.
B) It is the distribution of the values of a variable in the population from which the
sample is taken.
C) It is the distribution of the values of a statistic calculated from 1000 simple random
samples displayed in a histogram.
D) It is the distribution of the values of a statistic that resembles the Normal
distribution when the sample size is large.
E) It is the distribution of the values taken by a statistic in all possible samples of the
same size from the same population.
Page 17
30. A researcher is planning to carry out a sample survey in order to estimate the proportion
of people in a very large population of interest who have shopped online in the previous
6 months. A simple random sample is to be selected but there is debate about whether to
select an SRS of size 500 or of size 1000. With respect to the sample proportion, which
statement best describes what can be expected to happen using these two different
sample sizes?
A) The statistic will be more biased in the sample of size 500, but the variability of the
statistic will be smaller.
B) Using the larger sample size will reduce the bias of the statistic, but the spread of
the sampling distribution will be greater.
C) The statistic from either sample size will be unbiased, but the sampling distribution
of the statistic from the sample of size 1000 will show greater variability.
D) The statistic from either sample size will be unbiased, but the sampling distribution
of the statistic from the sample of size 1000 will show less variability.
E) The sample size has no effect on the sampling distribution of the statistic because
the population size is very large.
31. A population of graduate students at a large university was being studied through the
use of a sample survey. The researcher was trying to estimate the mean debt carried by
the students through student loans and the proportion of all students that carry a student
loan. A stratified random sample of 350 students was selected from the various schools
within the university. The sample results showed that 30% held a student loan and the
mean debt was $18,450. Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A) The result, 30%, is a statistic and the mean debt, $18,450, is the value of the
parameter.
B) The mean debt held by all students is a parameter, and the 30% who hold student
loans is the value of a parameter.
C) The mean debt of all students, the proportion holding a loan, and the values 30%
and $18,450 are all examples of parameters.
D) The mean debt of all students and the proportion holding student loans are both
parameters, but the values 30% and $18,450 are statistics.
E) The mean debt of all students is a parameter, and its value is $18,450. The
proportion holding a student loan is also a parameter whose value is 30%.
Page 18
32. A sample is to be selected from a large population using simple random sampling. The
proportion of subjects in the sample that have a given characteristic is to be calculated.
Which of the following best describes the sample proportion?
A) It is a parameter.
B) It is a statistic, which is unbiased for the population parameter only if the
population is at least 100 times larger than the sample.
C) It is a statistic that is unbiased, and its variability does not depend on the population
size provided the population is at least 100 times larger than the sample.
D) It is a lurking variable whose value is unknown.
E) It is a statistic, but its behavior cannot be determined because only one sample is to
be taken.
33. Should you have a cup of coffee to make you more alert when studying for a big test? A
study on the effect of caffeine involved asking volunteers to take a memory test 20
minutes after drinking cola. Some volunteers were randomly assigned to drink caffeine-
free cola, some were assigned regular cola (with caffeine), and others were assigned a
mixture of the two (getting a half dose of caffeine). For each volunteer, a test score (the
number of items recalled correctly) was recorded. The volunteers were not told which
type of cola they had been given, but the researchers for the study prepared the cups of
cola right on the spot (out of sight of the volunteers). The memory test had a total of
25 items on it. The average number of items recalled was 15 for the caffeine-free group,
17 for the mixture group, and 16 for the regular cola group. Are the values 15, 16, and
17 statistics or parameters?
34. A news program is doing a report on a controversial court case. Daniel VanHowen is
being prosecuted for killing a woman in the park, but all the evidence is circumstantial.
Right before sentencing, the TV program decides to poll the TV-viewing audience.
They wish to estimate the proportion of all people who think Mr. VanHowen is guilty.
They decide to post a question on their Web site and ask the TV-viewing audience to
answer it. The TV program decides to announce during the program that these
opinions only reflect the TV-viewing, computer-using audience. They close the poll
after 10 minutes. They had 2371 responses, of which 1542 think that Mr. VanHowen is
guilty. What could the news programs have done to reduce the margin of error of the
sample percentage of viewers who think that Mr. VanHowen is guilty?
Page 19
35. The figure below shows the Poisson distribution with a mean of 4. The Poisson
distribution is an example of _________.
A) continuous probability distribution

B) discrete probability distribution
36. Consider a Poisson distribution with a mean of 4. What is the probability that X < 3?
A) .238
B) 0
C) .433
37. Binomial distributions represent _______ random variables.

A) discrete
B) continuous
C) None of the above
Page 20
38. The scores of individual students on the American College Testing (ACT), college
readiness assessment, have a Normal distribution with a mean of 18.6 and a standard
deviation of 6.0. At Northside High, 36 seniors take the test. Assume the scores at this
school have the same distribution as national scores. What is the mean of the sampling
distribution of the sample mean score for a random sample of 36 students?
A) 1.0
B) 3.1
C) 6.0
D) 18.6
39. The scores of individual students on the American College Testing (ACT), college
school have the same distribution as national scores. What is the standard deviation of
the sampling distribution of the sample mean score for a random sample of 36 students?
A) 1.0
B) 3.1
C) 6.0
D) 18.6
40. The scores of individual students on the American College Testing (ACT), a college
school have the same distribution as national scores. What is the sampling distribution
of the sample mean score for a random sample of 36 students?
A) Approximately Normal, but the approximation is poor
B) Approximately Normal, and the approximation is good
C) Exactly Normal
D) Neither Normal nor non-Normal—it depends on the particular 36 students selected
41. Chocolate bars produced by a certain machine are labeled 8.0 ounces. The distribution
of the actual weights of these chocolate bars is claimed to be Normal with a mean of 8.1
ounces and a standard deviation of 0.1 ounces. A quality control manager initially
plans to take a simple random sample of size n from the production line. If he were to
double his sample size (to 2n), by what factor would the standard deviation of the
sampling distribution of X change?
A) 1/2
B) 1 2
C) 2
D) 2
Page 21
ounces and a standard deviation of 0.1 ounces. The quality control manager plans to
take a simple random sample of size n from the production line. How big should n be so
that the sampling distribution of X has a standard deviation of 0.01 ounces?
A) 10
B) 100
C) 1000
D) This can't be determined unless we know the population follows a Normal
distribution.
ounces and a standard deviation of 0.1 ounces. If the quality control manager takes a
simple random sample of 10 chocolate bars from the production line, what is the
probability that the sample mean weight of the 10 sampled chocolate bars will be less
than 8.0 ounces?
A) 0
B) 0.00078
C) 0.0316
D) 0.1587
44. The weights of medium oranges packaged by an orchard are Normally distributed with a
mean of 14 ounces and a standard deviation of 2 ounces. Ten medium oranges will be
randomly selected from a package. What is the sampling distribution of the sample
mean weight of a random sample of 10 medium oranges?
A) N(14, 2)
B) N(14, 0.63)
C) N(14, 0.2)
D) N(1.4, 0.2)
45. The weights of medium oranges packaged by an orchard are Normally distributed with a
mean of 14 ounces and a standard deviation of 2 ounces. Ten medium oranges will be
randomly selected from a package. What is the sampling distribution of the number of
oranges in the sample that weigh more than 14 ounces?
A) N(14, 2)
B) N(14, 0.63)
C) B(14, 0.2)
D) B(10, 0.5)
Page 22
46. The weights of extra-large eggs have a Normal distribution with a mean of 1 ounces and
a standard deviation of 0.1 ounces. What is the sampling distribution of the sample
mean weight of the eggs in a randomly selected carton of a dozen eggs?
A) N(1, 0.029)
B) N(1, 0.1)
C) N(12, 0.1)
D) N(12, 1)
47. The weights of extra-large eggs have a Normal distribution with a mean of 1 ounces and
a standard deviation of 0.1 ounces. What is the probability that a carton of a dozen
eggs weighs more than 13 ounces?
A) 0.0000
B) 0.0019
C) 0.1814
D) 0.2033
48. A sample of size n is selected at random from a population that has mean  and standard
deviation . The sample mean x will be determined from the observations in the
sample. Which of the following statements about the sample mean x is/are TRUE?
A) The mean of x is the same as the population mean (i.e., ).
B) The variance of x is  2 .
n
C) The standard deviation of x decreases as the sample size grows larger.
D) All of the above are true.
E) Only A and B are true.
49. Suppose a simple random sample is selected from a population with a mean if  and a
variance of 2. The central limit theorem tells us that
A) the sample mean x gets closer to the population mean  as the sample size
increases.
B) if the sample size n is sufficiently large, the sample will be approximately Normal.
C) the mean of x will be  if the sample size n is sufficiently large.
D) if the sample size is sufficiently large, the distribution of x will be approximately
Normal with a mean of  and a standard deviation of  n .
E) the distribution of x will be Normal only if the population from which the sample
is selected is also Normal.
Page 23
50. The following histogram shows the distribution of 1000 sample observations from a
population with a mean of  = 4 and a variance of 2 = 8.
0 10
Suppose a simple random sample of 100 observations is to be selected from the

population and the sample average x is calculated. Which of the following statements
about the distribution of x is/are FALSE?
A) The distribution of x will have a mean of 4.
B) The distribution x will be approximately Normal.
C) Because the distribution shown in the histogram above is clearly skewed to the
right, the shape of the distribution of x will also show skewness to the right.
D) Even though the distribution of the population variable appears to be skewed to the
right, the distribution of x will be approximately symmetric around  = 4.
E) The standard deviation of the distribution of x will be 0.283.
51. A population variable has a distribution with a mean of  = 50 and a variance of 2 =

225. From this population a simple random sample of n observations is to be selected
and the mean x of the sample values calculated. How big must the sample size n be
so that the standard deviation of the sample mean x is equal to 1.4 (i.e.,  x = 1.4)?
A) n = 11
B) n = 161
C) n = 115
D) n = 36
E) n = 21
Page 24
52. A population variable has a distribution with a mean of  = 50 and a variance of 2 =
225. From this population a simple random sample of n observations is to be selected
and the mean x of the sample values calculated. If the population variable is known
to be Normally distributed and the sample size used is to be n = 16, what is the
probability that the sample mean will be between 48.35 and 55.74, that is, P(48.35  x
 55.74)?
A) 0.393
B) 0.607
C) 0.937
D) 0.330
E) Not within ± 0.010 of any of the above
53. In the construction industry, compressive strength of concrete is a crucial characteristic.

Suppose for a particular residential construction job the concrete tested after 3 days
should have a mean compression strength of  = 3000 psi with a standard deviation of 
= 50 psi. It is known that compressive strength of concrete is Normally distributed. On a
construction site, a sample of n = 5 specimens is selected and tested after 3 days. If the
concrete has the desired characteristics, what is the probability that the sample mean x
will be larger than 3060 psi?
A) 0.996
B) 0.004
C) 0.885
D) 0.115
E) This can't be determined because the sample size n = 5 is much too small to rely on
the Normal distribution for calculation of the required probability.
54. The length of time it takes to get through the security checks at a very large urban
airport is a random variable with a mean of  = 20.6 minutes and a standard deviation of
 = 8.4 minutes. A simple random sample of 36 airline passengers is to be observed
going through security. What is the mean  x of the sampling distribution of the
sample mean x ?
A) 8.4 minutes
B) 20.6 minutes
C) 1.4 minute
D) It is close to 20.6 minutes, but we can't be certain without having the data to
determine it.
E) Without knowing the distribution, we don't know what it will be.
Page 25
airport is a random variable with a mean of  = 20.6 minutes and a standard deviation of
 = 8.4 minutes. A simple random sample of 36 airline passengers is to be observed
going through security. What is the variance  x2 of the sampling distribution of the
sample mean x ?
A) 8.4 minutes
B) 20.6 minutes
C) 1.4 minute
E) It is close to 8.4 minutes, but we can't be certain without having the data to
determine it.
airport is a random variable with a mean of = 20.6 minutes and a standard deviation
of = 8.4 minutes. A simple random sample of 36 airline passengers is to be observed
going through security. For the passengers in the SRS, what is the approximate
probability that the mean length of time for them to get through security will be less
than 18 min?
A) 0.378
B) 0.186
C) 0.031
D) 0.314
57. Let X represent the SAT total score of an entering freshman at University X. The
random variable X is known to have a N(1200, 90) distribution. Let Y represent the SAT
total score of an entering freshman at University Y. The random variable Y is known to
have a N(1215, 110) distribution. A random sample of 100 freshmen is obtained from
each university. Let X = the sample mean of the 100 scores from University X, and
Y = the sample mean of the 100 scores from University Y. What is the probability
that X will be less than 1190?
A) 0.0116
B) 0.1335
C) 0.4090
D) 0.4562
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that Y will be less than 1190?
A) 0.0116
B) 0.1335
C) 0.4090
D) 0.4562
Y = the sample mean of the 100 scores from University Y. What is the distribution of
the difference in sample means between University X and University Y: X – Y ?
A) N(–15, –20)
B) N(–15, 14.2)
C) N(–15, 142.1)
D) N(–15, 200)
that X will be greater than Y ?
A) 0.0475
B) 0.0869
C) 0.1456
D) 0.2266
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61. A gasoline tank for a certain car is designed to hold 15 gallons of gas. Suppose that the
actual capacity of a randomly selected tank has a distribution that is approximately
Normal with a mean of 15.0 gallons and a standard deviation of 0.15 gallons. The
manufacturer of this gasoline tank considers the largest 2% of these tanks too large to
put on the market. How large does a tank have to be to be considered too large?
A) 15 gallons
B) 15.31 gallons
C) 15.72 gallons
D) 16 gallons
Normal with a mean of 15.0 gallons and a standard deviation of 0.15 gallons. What
proportion of tanks will hold between 14.75 and 15.10 gallons of gas?
A) 0.35
B) 0.6563
C) 0.6997
D) 0.9833
Normal with a mean of 15.0 gallons and a standard deviation of 0.15 gallons. If a
simple random sample of four tanks is selected, and their capacities can be considered
independent, what is the probability that all four will hold between 14.75 and 15.10
gallons of gas?
A) 0.2397
B) 0.6808
C) 0.9084
D) 2.7988
Normal with a mean of 15.0 gallons and a standard deviation of 0.15 gallons. If four
tanks are randomly selected, what is the probability that their average capacity will be
between 14.75 and 15.10 gallons?
A) 0.2397
B) 0.6808
C) 0.9084
D) 0.9962
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65. During the summer months, the prices of nonsmoking rooms with a king-sized bed in
hotels in a certain area are roughly Normally distributed with a mean of $131.80 and a
standard deviation of $29.12. What percentage of nonsmoking rooms with a king-sized
bed cost more than $150?
A) 0.77%
B) 11.25%
C) 26.60%
D) 36.78%
66. During the summer months, the prices of nonsmoking rooms with a king-sized bed in
hotels in a certain area are roughly Normally distributed with a mean of $131.80 and a
standard deviation of $29.12. A travel agent randomly selects prices of nonsmoking
rooms with a king-sized bed from 15 hotels in the area. What is the probability that their
average cost will be more than $150?
A) 0.0077
B) 0.1125
C) 0.2660
D) 0.3678
67. Birth weights of babies born to full-term pregnancies follow roughly a Normal
distribution. At Meadowbrook Hospital, the mean weight of babies born to full-term
pregnancies is 7 pounds with a standard deviation of 14 ounces (1 pound = 16 ounces).
Dr. Watts (who works at Meadowbrook Hospital) has four deliveries (all for full-term
pregnancies) coming up during the night. Assume that the birth weights of these four
babies can be viewed as a simple random sample. What is the probability that all four
babies will weigh more than 7.5 pounds?
A) 0.0065
B) 0.1265
C) 0.2839
D) 0.4858
What is the probability that the average weight of the four babies will be more than 7.5
pounds?
A) 0.0065
B) 0.1265
C) 0.2839
D) 0.4858
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Rachel is one of Dr. Watts's patients. Rachel had an ultrasound 3 weeks ago and the
doctors established that the baby already weighed 7 pounds at that point. She is about to
deliver her baby (full term). What is the probability that the baby will be more than 8
pounds?
A) 0.0065
B) 0.1265
C) 0.2531
D) 0.4858
70. The distribution of the amount of money undergraduate students spend on books for a
term is slightly right-skewed, with a mean of $400 and a standard deviation of $80. If a
student is selected at random, what is the probability that this student spends more than
$425 on books?
A) 0.1125
B) 0.3773
C) 0.6227
D) This can't be determined from the information given.
term is slightly right-skewed, with a mean of $400 and a standard deviation of $80. In
a simple random sample of 100 undergraduate students, what is the expected value of
the sample mean amount of money spent on books?
A) $400
B) Anywhere between $320 and $480
C) Anywhere between $392 and $408
term is slightly right-skewed, with a mean of $400 and a standard deviation of $80. If a
simple random sample of 100 undergraduate students is selected, what is the probability
that these students spend, on average, more than $425 on books?
A) 0.00089
B) 0.2353
C) 0.3773
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73. Thousands of batteries are produced every day in a certain manufacturing plant. The
quality control specialist is interested in how long it takes for each battery to fail when
used in a moderately sized appliance, like a portable radio or CD player. Which of the
following probability distributions is most appropriate to model the time until failure of
these batteries?
A) The uniform distribution
B) The Normal distribution
C) The binomial distribution
D) The Weibull distribution
74. Thousands of batteries are produced every day in a certain manufacturing plant. The
quality control specialist is interested in how long it takes for each battery to fail when
used in a moderately sized appliance, like a portable radio or CD player. The quality
control specialist will take a simple random sample of 2000 batteries produced at this
plant over the next four days. These batteries will be put into a variety of moderately
sized appliances and the average X of all failure times will be computed. Which of the
following probability distributions is most appropriate to model the average time until
failure of these 2000 batteries?
A) The uniform distribution
B) The Normal distribution
C) The binomial distribution
D) The Weibull distribution
75. A random variable X is Normally distributed with mean  X = 75 and  X = 8. Let Y be a

second Normally distributed random variable with mean Y = 70 and  Y = 12. It is also
known that X and Y are independent of one another. Let W be a random variable that is
the difference between X and Y (i.e., W = X – Y). What can be said about the
distribution of W?
A) W is N(0, 20)
B) W is N(5, 20)
C) W is N(5, –4)
D) W is N(5, 14.4)
E) W is N(0, 14.4)
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76. A random variable X is Normally distributed with mean  X = 75 and  X = 8. Let Y be a
second Normally distributed random variable with mean Y = 70 and  Y = 12. It is also
known that X and Y are independent of one another. Let W be a random variable that is
the difference between X and Y (i.e., W = X – Y). What is the probability that W is
greater than –5.5 (i.e., P{W > –5.5})?
A) 0.233
B) 0.512
C) 0.767
D) 0.488
77. A length of chain is to be constructed by placing 36 component links end to end. The
length of a link produced by a production process is known to be a random variable with
a mean of  = 2.5 centimeters and a standard deviation of  = 0.2 centimeters. The 36
links are chosen at random from this process to produce the chain. The mean and
standard deviation of the length of chain are, respectively, _________.
A) 90 centimeters and 7.2 centimeters
B) 36 centimeters and 1.2 centimeters
C) 90 centimeters and 2.7 centimeters
D) 90 centimeters and 1.2 centimeters
E) 36 centimeters and 7.2 centimeters
78. During the last student elections at a certain college, 45% of the students voted for the
Democratic student party. A simple random sample of students from this college is to be
selected. If 12 students are to be selected, what is the distribution of the number of
students in the sample who voted for the Democratic student party?
selected. If 12 students are to be selected, what is the probability that more than 7
students in the sample voted for the Democratic student party?
selected. If 120 students are to be selected, what is the (approximate) distribution of the
number of students in the sample who voted for the Democratic student party?
Page 32
81. Chromosome defect A occurs in only one out of 200 adult males. A random sample of
100 adult males is selected. Let the random variable X represent the number of males in
the sample who have this chromosome defect. What are the mean and standard
deviation of the random variable X?
the sample who have this chromosome defect. What is the exact distribution of the
random variable X?
the sample who have this chromosome defect. Can we use the Normal approximation
to answer probability questions about the random variable X? Briefly explain why or
why not.
84. Your company is producing special battery packs for the most popular toy during the
holiday season. The life span of the battery pack is known to be Normally distributed
with a mean of 250 hours and a standard deviation of 20 hours. What percentage of
battery packs lasts longer than 260 hours?
with a mean of 250 hours and a standard deviation of 20 hours. If a simple random
sample of four battery packs is selected from your company and we assume that their
life spans are independent, what is the probability that they all last longer than 260
hours?
with a mean of 250 hours and a standard deviation of 20 hours. If a simple random
sample of four battery packs is selected from your company, what is the probability that
the average lifetime of these four packs is longer than 260 hours?
with a mean of 250 hours and a standard deviation of 20 hours. What would typically
be a better distribution than the Normal distribution to model the life span of these
battery packs?
Page 33
88. In the university library elevator there is a sign indicating a 16-person limit as well as a
weight limit of 2500 pounds. Suppose that the weight of students, faculty, and staff is
approximately Normally distributed with a mean weight of 150 pounds and a standard
deviation of 27 pounds. When the elevator is full, we can think of the 16 people in the
elevator as a simple random sample of people on campus. What average weight for
these 16 people in the elevator will result in the total weight exceeding the weight limit
of 2500 pounds?
89. In the university library elevator there is a sign indicating a 16-person limit as well as a
weight limit of 2500 pounds. Suppose that the weight of students, faculty, and staff is
approximately Normally distributed with a mean weight of 150 pounds and a standard
deviation of 27 pounds. What is the probability that the random sample of 16 people in
the elevator will exceed the weight limit?
90. True or False. Sample means are more variable than individual observations.
A) True
B) False
91. True or False. Sample means are more skewed than individual observations.
A) True
B) False
92. True or False. From the central limit theorem, we know that if we draw an SRS from
any population the sampling distribution of the sample mean will be EXACTLY
Normal.
A) True
B) False
93. True or False. Central limit theorem only applies when sampling from Normal
populations.
A) True
B) False
94. The distribution of the sample mean has a standard deviation that is ________ the
standard deviation of the distribution of the population from which it was sampled.
A) larger than
B) smaller than
C) the same as
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95. The distribution of the sample mean has a mean that is ________ the mean of the
distribution of the population from which it was sampled from.
A) larger than
B) smaller than
C) the same as
96. In order to reduce the standard deviation from the sampling distribution of the sample
mean, you should ________.
A) take larger samples
B) take smaller samples
C) None of the above
97. Based on the central limit theorem, the sampling distribution of the sample mean
becomes more Normal as the sample size _______.
A) increases
B) decreases
C) approaches zero
98. The time between events is best modeled by which distribution?

A) Normal distribution
B) Binomial distribution
C) Exponential distribution
D) Weibull distribution
99. The exponential distribution is ______.

A) symmetric
B) bell-shaped
C) All of the above
100. True or False. The central limit theorem does not apply to discrete random variables.
A) True
B) False
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101. The central limit theorem says that the sampling distribution of the sample mean is
approximately _______ for large n.
A)
B)
C) B(n, p)
D)
Page 36
102. Consider a strongly skewed distribution of a population as shown below.
Which figure below is most likely a result of sampling the most observations to obtain
the distribution of ?
A)
B)
Page 37
C)
D)
103. The time college students spend on the Internet follows a Normal distribution. At
Johnson University, the mean time is 5 hours with a standard deviation of 1.2 hours.
What is the probability that the average time 100 random students on campus will spend
is more than 5 hours on the Internet?
A) 0.5
B) 1
C) 0
D) 0.2
is less than 1 hour on the Internet?
A) 0.5
B) 1
C) 0
D) 0.2
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is between 1 hour and 5 hours on the Internet?
A) 0.5
B) 1
C) 0
D) 0.2
106. Sample means are _______ individual observations.

A) more Normal than
B) less Normal than
C) as Normal as
D) the same as
107. Sample means are _____ individual observations.

A) less variable than
B) more variable than
C) as variable as
D) the same as
Page 39
108. A small university asked all of their 3000 students, “How much time did you spend
studying for your first college exam?” The two histograms below represent the
individual distribution and the distribution of the sample means, not necessarily in that
order.
Histogram A
Histogram B
Which histogram is likely the distribution of the population?

A) Histogram A
B) Histogram B
Page 40
order.
Histogram A
Histogram B
Which histogram is likely the distribution of the sample mean for 500 random samples
of size 100?
A) Histogram A
B) Histogram B
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order.
Histogram A
Histogram B
What features about a histogram will imply that it is the distribution of sample means?
A) Distributions of sample means are more symmetric than population distributions.
B) Distributions of sample means are more skewed than population distributions.
C) Distributions of sample means show more variability.
D) Distributions of sample means are always centered at zero.
Page 42
111. Suppose the distribution of population has a standard deviation of 144. What sample
size is needed to make the standard deviation of the distribution for the sample mean
1/10 of the population distribution standard deviation?
A) 12
B) 10
C) 100
112. Suppose the distribution of the population has a standard deviation of 144. What sample
size is needed to reduce the mean of the distribution for the sample mean by a factor of
10?
A) 12
B) 10
C) 100
113. Which of the following distributions can you draw a large sample from and have the
distribution of the sample mean be approximately Normal?
A) Normal
B) Uniform
C) Exponential
D) All of the above
114. When sampling data from a large population, the mean of the sampling distribution is
______.
A) shifted by a factor of 10
B) shifted by a factor of the sample size, n
C) shifted by a factor of
115. Draw an SRS of size n from any population with a mean of  and a finite standard
deviation of . When n is large, the sampling distribution of the sample mean is
approximately Normal with a mean of  and a standard deviation of / because of
the ________.
A) central limit theorem
B) mean value theorem
C) law of large numbers
Page 43
116. A study was done to compare the amount of time per day students at public and private
universities spend on Facebook. The study was composed of 200 students from a private
university and 300 students from a public university. The time that students at a private
university spent on Facebook had a Normal distribution with a mean of 220 minutes and
a standard deviation of 36 minutes. The time that students at a public university spent on
Facebook had a Normal distribution with a mean of 200 minutes and standard deviation
of 49 minutes. What is the difference in the mean times of students from a private
university versus a public university?
A) 20 minutes
B) 420 minutes
C) 0 minutes
of 49 minutes. What is the variance of the differences in times between students at a
private university versus a public university?
A) 13
B) –1
C) 3697
of 49 minutes. What is the distribution of the difference in times between students at a
private university versus a public university?
A) N(420,3697)
B) N(20,60.8)
C) N(20, 13)
D) N(420,13)
Page 44
of 49 minutes. What is the probability that students at a private university spend less
time on Facebook than students at a public university?
A) .37
B) .63
C) 0
of 49 minutes. What is the probability that students at a private university spend more
time on Facebook than students at a public university?
A) .37
B) .63
C) 0
of 49 minutes. Students at a community college spend twice as much time on
Facebook than students at a public university. What is the mean time that students at a
community college spend on Facebook?
A) 400
B) 100
C) 200
Page 45
of 49 minutes. The distribution of the time on Facebook that students from a
community college spend is twice the distribution of students from a public university.
What is the variance of the distribution for community college students?
A) 2401
B) 9604
C) 4802
What is the distribution for community college students?
A) N(400, 98)
B) N(200, 98)
C) N(220, 72)
What is the probability that students at a community college spend more time on
Facebook than students at a public university?
A) .97
B) .03
C) 1
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of 49 minutes. The distribution of the time on Facebook that students from a community
college spend is twice the distribution of students from a public university. What is the
probability that students at a community college spend less time on Facebook than
students at a public university?
A) .97
B) .03
C) 0
126. Suppose X has the B(20, .5) distribution. Find the P(X > 10).
A) .412
B) .176
C) .588
127. Suppose X has the B(20, .5) distribution. Find the P(X < 10).
A) .412
B) .588
C) .127
128. Suppose X has the B(20, .5) distribution. What is the mean of X?
A) 10
B) .5
C) 20
129. Suppose X has the B(20, .5) distribution. What is the standard deviation of X?
A) 2.236
B) 5
C) .5
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130. Suppose X has the B(20, .5) distribution. The random variable X is ________.
A) continuous
B) discrete
C) continuous and discrete
131. Suppose X has the B(20, .5) distribution. A Normal approximation for X is
A) N(10, 2.236).
B) N(10, 5).
C) N(20, .5).
132. Suppose X has the B(20, .5) distribution. The Normal approximation is ____ accurate
because _______.
A) not; p is not close to 0 or 1
B) very; p is close to .5, np  10, and n(1 - p)  10
C) not; np  50 and n(1 - p)  50
D) very; the sample size is large
133. Suppose X has the B(20, .5) distribution. Using the Normal approximation for X,
calculate the P(X  10).
A) .5
B) 0
C) 1
134. Suppose X has the B(20, .5) distribution. Using the Normal approximation for X with
the continuity correction, calculate the P(X  10).
A) .5
B) .588
C) .412
the continuity correction, to calculate the P(X < 6) we would use _______.
A) P(X < 6)
B) P(X  6)
C) P(X  6.5)
D) P(X  5.5)
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the continuity correction, the P(X < 6) is ____.
A) .0368
B) .059
C) .941
137. The number of ways of arranging 3 successes among 5 observations is _____.

A) 40
B) 6
C) 15
138. Suppose the number of customers at McDonalds can be modeled as a Poisson

distribution where the mean number of customers during any given hour is 95. What is
the probability that at least 100 customers are at McDonalds during the noon lunch
hour?
A) 1
B) .282
C) .317

the probability that exactly 95 customers are at McDonalds during the noon lunch hour?
A) .514
B) .0408
C) 0

the variance for the distribution of customers at McDonalds?
A) 95
B) 9.747
C) 190
Page 49
distribution where the mean number of customers during any given hour is 95.
Suppose in there is another McDonalds in the next town. The distribution of customers
here follows a Poisson distribution where the mean number of customers is 55 during
any given hour. What is the mean number of customers in both McDonalds during any
given hour?
A) 150
B) 40
C) 1
142. The Poisson distribution is ______.

A) continuous
B) discrete
C) continuous and discrete
143. When the mean is large, Poisson probabilities can be approximated using the _______
distribution.
A) Normal
B) binomial
C) uniform
D) exponential
144. The Poisson distribution can be used as an approximation for the _____ distribution
when n is large.
A) Normal
B) binomial
C) uniform
145. Which of the following is an example of the Poisson setting?

A) The number of times students call their parents on any day
B) The amount of rainfall during any month
C) The number of times you flip a coin and it lands on heads in 10 tosses
D) None of the above are examples of the Poisson setting.
Page 50
146. Suppose X follows a Poisson distribution with a mean of 100. What is the distribution of
the Normal approximation for this Poisson distribution?
A) N(100, 100)
B) N(100, 10)
C) N(100, 10000)
D) N(10, 10)
147. True or False. The binomial distribution is a continuous distribution.

A) True
B) False
148. True or False. The binomial distribution is best for modeling the number of successes in
a binomial or Normal setting.
A) True
B) False
149. True or False. Possible values for the counts in a binomial distribution range from – to
.
A) True
B) False
150. True or False. Probability calculations from a binomial distribution can be found using a
Normal approximation for large sample sizes.
A) True
B) False
151. The binomial distribution can be used to model situations where there is/are ____
outcome(s).
A) one
B) two
C) three
D) four
152. One of the requirements for the binomial distribution is that the number of observations
is _____.
A) fixed
B) random
C) zero
D) continuous
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153. One of the requirements for the binomial distribution is that the observations are all
_____.
A) independent
B) random
C) dependent
D) continuous
154. True or False. The probability of success for binomial distribution must remain the same
for each observation.
A) True
B) False
155. It is estimated that 75% of all young adults between the ages of 18 and 35 do not have a
landline in their homes and only use a cell phone at home. On average, how many
young adults do not own a landline in a random sample of 100?
A) 75
B) 0.75
C) 7.5
landline in their homes and only use a cell phone at home. What is the standard
deviation of young adults who do not own a landline in a simple random sample of 100?
A) 5%
B) 4.3%
C) 100
landline in their homes and only use a cell phone at home. What is the proportion of
young adults who do not own a landline?
A) 75%
B) 25%
C) 50%
Page 52
landline in their homes and only use a cell phone at home. What is the probability that
no one in a simple random sample of 100 young adults owns a landline?
A) 0
B) 1
C) 0.5
everyone in a simple random sample of 100 young adults owns a landline?
A) Less than .001
B) 1
C) .5
landline in their homes and only use a cell phone at home. What is the distribution of
the number of young adults in a sample of 100 who do not own a landline?
exactly half the young adults in a simple random sample of 100 do not own a landline?
more than 20% of the young adults in a simple random sample of 100 do not own a
landline?
163. For each of the following scenarios, determine whether the binomial distribution is the
appropriate distribution for the random variable X.
A) A fair coin is flipped 10 times. Let X = the number of times the coin comes up
tails.
B) A fair coin is flipped multiple times. Let X = the number of times the coin needs
to be flipped until we see 10 tails.
C) A roulette wheel with one ball in it is turned six times. Let X = the number of
times the ball lands on red.
D) There are 10 people in the room: five men and five women. Three people are to
be selected at random to form a committee. Let X = the number of men on the three-
person committee.
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164. For each of the following scenarios, determine the appropriate distribution for the
random variable X.
A) A fair die is rolled seven times. Let X = the number of times we see an even
number.
B) A card is selected at random from a standard deck of shuffled cards. The color of
the card is determined and the card is returned to the deck. The cards are shuffled again.
This selection procedure is repeated 60 times. Let X = the proportion of times the
selected card is red.
C) The percentage of female students at a large university is known to be 46%. A
simple random sample of 100 students is to be taken. Let X = the number of male
students in the sample.
D) On any given Saturday during college football season, there are roughly 70
games being played. At each game, a fair coin is flipped to determine which team gets
to kick off first. Let X = the proportion of these coins that land heads.
165. An airplane has a front and a rear door, both of which are opened to allow passengers to
exit when the plane lands. The plane has 100 passengers aboard. Let X = the number of
passengers exiting through the front door. What is the appropriate distribution for the
random variable X?
A) A binomial distribution with mean 50
B) A binomial distribution with n = 100 trials but a success probability not equal to
0.5
C) A Normal distribution with a standard deviation of 5
166. For each of the following scenarios, determine whether the binomial distribution is the
appropriate distribution for the random variable X.
A) X = the number of phone calls received in a 1-hour period
B) A hand of five cards will be dealt from a standard deck of 52 cards that has been
thoroughly shuffled. Let X = the number of hearts in the hand of five cards.
C) Five random digits are to be randomly selected from your table of random digits
(Table B). Let X = the number of sevens in this set of five random digits.
D) A set of random digits are to be randomly selected from your table of random
digits (Table B). Let X = the number of random digits selected until we get five sevens.
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167. A set of 10 cards consists of five red cards and five black cards. The cards are shuffled
thoroughly. Six of these cards will be selected at random. Let X = the number of red
cards observed in the set of six selected cards. Which of the following probability
distributions is appropriate for modeling the random variable X?
A) The Normal distribution with a mean of 3 and a variance of 1.22
B) The binomial distribution with parameters of n = 6 and p = 0.5
C) The binomial distribution with parameters of n = 10 and p = 0.5
168. A set of 10 cards consists of five red cards and five black cards. The cards are shuffled
thoroughly. One card is selected at random. The color is observed and the card
replaced in the set. The cards are then thoroughly reshuffled. This selection procedure is
repeated four times. Let X = the number of red cards observed in these four trials. What
is the mean of X?
A) 0.5
B) 1
C) 2
D) 4
169. The proportion of students who own a cell phone on college campuses across the
country has increased tremendously over the past few years. It is estimated that
approximately 90% of students now own a cell phone. Fifteen students are to be
selected at random from a large university. Assume that the proportion of students who
own a cell phone at this university is the same as nationwide. Let X = the number of
students in the sample of 15 who own a cell phone. What is the appropriate distribution
for X?
A) X is N(15, 0.9).
B) X is B(15, 0.9).
C) X is B(15, 13.5).
D) X is N(13.5, 1.16).
students in the sample of 15 who own a cell phone. On average, how many students
will own a cell phone in a simple random sample of 15 students?
A) 9
B) 13
C) 13.5
D) 14
Page 55
students in the sample of 15 who own a cell phone. What is the standard deviation of
the number of students who own a cell phone in a simple random sample of 15 students?
A) 0.077
B) 0.09
C) 1.16
D) 1.35
students in the sample of 15 who own a cell phone. What is the probability that all
students in a simple random sample of 15 students own a cell phone?
A) 0
B) 0.1
C) 0.206
D) 0.9
173. In a certain game of chance, your chances of winning are 0.2. Assume outcomes are
independent and that you will play the game five times. What is the probability that
you win at most once?
A) 0.0819
B) 0.2
C) 0.4096
D) 0.7373
independent and that you will play the game five times. What is the probability that
you win all five times?
A) 0.00032
B) 0.04
C) 0.3277
D) 0.6723
Page 56
independent and that you will play the game five times. Suppose it costs $1 to play the
game. If you win, you receive $4 (for a net gain of $3). If you lose, you receive nothing
(for a net loss of $1). What are your expected winnings for a round of five games?
A) $3
B) $0
C) –$1
D) –$2
176. A one-question survey is to be distributed to a random sample of 1500 adults in Ohio.

The question asks if they support an increase in the state sales tax from 5% to 6%, with
)
the additional revenue going to education. Let p denote the proportion of adults in the
sample who say they support the increase. Suppose that 40% of all adults in Ohio
)
support the increase. What is the mean,  p) , of the sampling distribution of p ?
A) 5%
B) 6%
C) 40% ± 5%
D) 0.40

)
support the increase. What is the standard deviation,  p) , of the sampling distribution
)
of p ?
A) 0.00016
B) 0.0126
C) 0.24
D) 0.40

)
support the increase. How large of a sample would be needed to guarantee that the
standard deviation,  p) , is no more than 0.01?
A) 100
B) 1000
C) 1500
D) 2400
Page 57
)
)
support the increase. What is the probability that p will be more than 50%?
A) Less than 0.0001
B) About 0.1
C) 0.4602
D) 0.50
180. For which of the following does the random variable X have a binomial distribution?
A) X is the number of pastrami sandwiches sold at a deli in a month.
B) X is the number of speeding tickets given out at a randomly picked location in a
city during a calendar year.
C) X is the number of defects found in 100 meters of fiber optic cable.
D) X is the number of people in a random sample of size 50 from a large population
that have type AB blood.
E) X is the number of tries a kicker makes to score four field goals in a football game.
181. Which of the following is/are NOT properties of a binomial setting for sample counts?
I. The observations are all independent.
II. Each observation is categorized as being either a success or a failure.
III. The product of n and p must be at least 10.
IV. The probability of a success is the same for each observation.
A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV
E) All of the above are required properties of the binomial setting.
182. A production process, when functioning as it should, will still produce 2% defective
items. A random sample of 10 items is to be selected from the 1000 items produced in a
particular production run. Let X be the count of the number of defective items found in
the random sample. What can be said about the variable X?
A) We can use a Normal distribution with a mean of 20 and a standard deviation of
4.43 as an approximation for the distribution of X.
B) X is approximately Normal with  = 10 and  = 0.44.
C) X has an approximate binomial distribution with parameters 1000 and 0.01.
D) X has an approximate binomial distribution with a mean of 0.2 and a standard
deviation of 0.443.
E) Without additional information we are unable to determine if X is approximately
Normally distributed or if it has a binomial distribution.
Page 58
183. Let X be a random variable, which has a binomial distribution with a mean of  = 8 and
a standard deviation of  = 2.19. The parameters n and p for this binomial distribution
are, respectively,
A) n = 16 and p = 0.5.
B) n = 13.3 and p = 0.6.
C) n = 10 and p = 0.8.
D) n = 20 and p = 0.6.
E) n = 20 and p = 0.4.
184. Let X be a binomial random variable with distribution B(10, 0.6). What is the
probability that X equals 8?
A) (0.6)8 (0.4)2
B) 10!
(0.6)8 (0.4) 2
8!
C) 45(0.6)8 (0.4)2
D) 45(0.6)2 (0.4)8
E) None of the above
185. Let X be a random variable with a binomial distribution B(24, 0.4). Then the proportion
X
has a mean and a standard deviation of, respectively,
n
A) 0.4 and 0.1.
B) 0.4 and 0.01.
C) 0.4 and 2.4.
D) 9.6 and 5.76.
E) 9.6 and 2.4.
186. A coin is about to be tossed multiple times. Assume the coin is fair, that is, the
probability of heads and the probability of tails are both 0.5. If the coin is tossed six
times, what is the probability that less than 1/3 of the tosses are heads?
A) 0.0049
B) 0.094
C) 0.109
D) 0.344
Page 59
187. A coin is about to be tossed multiple times. Assume the coin is fair, that is, the
probability of heads and the probability of tails are both 0.5. If the coin is tossed 60
times, what is the probability that less than 1/3 of the tosses are heads?
A) 0.0049
B) 0.094
C) 0.109
D) 0.344
188. In a test of extrasensory perception (ESP), the experimenter looks at cards that are
hidden from the subject. Each card contains either a star, a circle, a wavy line, or a
square. An experimenter looks at each of 100 cards in turn, and the subject tries to read
the experimenter's mind and name the shape on each. What is the probability that the
subject gets more than 30 correct if the subject does not have ESP and is just guessing?
(Use the continuity correction.)
A) Less than 0.0001
B) 0.1020
C) 0.25
D) 0.31
189. It is claimed that 55% of marriages in the state of California end in divorce within the
first 15 years. A large study was started 15 years ago and has been tracking hundreds of
marriages in the state of California. Suppose 10 marriages are randomly selected. What
is the probability that less than two of them ended in a divorce?
A) 0.0021
B) 0.0045
C) 0.0130
D) 0.0274
190. It is claimed that 55% of marriages in the state of California end in divorce within the
first 15 years. A large study was started 15 years ago and has been tracking hundreds of
marriages in the state of California. Suppose 100 marriages are randomly selected.
What is the probability that less than 20 of them ended in a divorce?
A) Less than 0.0001
B) 0.0055
C) 0.0130
D) 0.0229
Page 60
191. A popular Web site among college students is www.studentinfo.com. It lists information
about jobs both in the United States and abroad. The management of the Web site
claims that half of all college students know about it. You do not quite believe this and
think it is much less than half. You decide to ask a sample of 10 students if they know
about the Web site. Out of the 10 students asked, only two had heard of the Web site.
If the management of the Web site is correct about the proportion of all college students
who know about the Web site, what is the distribution of the number of students who
know about the Web site in a simple random sample of 10 students?
A) B(10, 2)
B) B(10, 0.5)
C) N(5, 1.58)
D) N(10, 0.5)
192. A popular Web site among college students is www.indeed.com. It lists information
about jobs in the United States. The management of the Web site claims that half of all
college students know about it. You do not quite believe this and think it is much less
than half. You decide to ask a sample of 10 students if they know about the Web site.
Out of the 10 students asked, only two had heard of the Web site. If the management
of the Web site is correct about the proportion of students who know about the Web site,
what is the probability that you would find only two students who know about the Web
site in a simple random sample of 10 students?
A) 0.044
B) 0.055
C) 0.115
D) 0.244
193. Suppose that a particular candidate for public office is in fact favored by p = 48% of all
registered voters. A polling organization is about to take a simple random sample of
)
voters and will use p , the sample proportion, to estimate p. How many voters need
to be sampled to guarantee that the standard deviation,  p) , is no more than 0.025?
A) 249
B) 250
C) 399
D) 400
Page 61
194. Suppose that a particular candidate for public office is in fact favored by p = 48% of all
registered voters. A polling organization is about to take a simple random sample of
)
voters and will use p , the sample proportion, to estimate p. Suppose that the polling
organization takes a simple random sample of 500 voters. What is the probability that
the sample proportion will be greater than 0.5, causing the polling organization to
predict the result of the upcoming election incorrectly?
A) 0
B) 0.185
C) 0.212
D) 0.5
195. A college basketball player makes 5 6 of her free throws. Assume free throws are
independent. What is the probability that she makes exactly three of her next four free
throws?
A) 4  1 3  5 1
6 6
B)    65 
1 3 1
6
C) 4  16   65 
1 3
D)  16   56 
1 3
196. A fair die is rolled 12 times. Let X = the number of times an even number occurs on the
12 rolls. What is the appropriate distribution for the random variable X?
A) A binomial distribution with a mean of 2
B) A binomial distribution with a standard deviation of 3
C) A binomial distribution with a mean of 0.5
D) A binomial distribution with a mean of 6
197. Suppose we roll a fair six-sided die 10 times. What is the probability that even numbers
occur exactly the same number of times as do odd numbers on the 10 rolls?
A) 0.1667
B) 0.2461
C) 0.3125
D) 0.5000
Page 62
198. A college basketball player is known to make 80% of his free throws. At the end of a
game, his team is losing by two points. He is fouled attempting a three-point shot and is
awarded three free throws. Assuming each free throw is independent, what is the
probability that he makes at least two of the free throws?
A) 0.384
B) 0.64
C) 0.80
D) 0.896
199. A college basketball player is known to make 80% of his free throws. Over the course
of the season, he will attempt 100 free throws. Assuming free-throw attempts are
independent, what is the probability that the number of free throws he makes exceeds
80?
A) 0.2000
B) 0.2266
C) 0.4602
D) 0.7734
200. A college basketball player is known to make 80% of his free throws. Over the course
of the season, he will attempt 100 free throws. Assuming free-throw attempts are
independent, what is the probability that he makes at least 90 free throws?
A) 0.0057
B) 0.2643
C) 0.72
D) 0.90
201. The Big Smiles Portrait Studio is conducting a survey among their clients. One of the
questions being asked is if they would recommend the studio to a friend. The studio has
given the survey to a simple random sample of 65 clients during the past 2 weeks. If
the true proportion of clients who are very satisfied with the Big Smiles Portrait Studio
would recommend the studio to a friend is 82%, how many clients in the sample would
we expect to answer yes on the survey question?
A) 0.82
B) 53
C) 53.3
D) 54
Page 63
given the survey to a simple random sample of 65 clients during the past 2 weeks.
What is the probability that more than 60 clients in the sample would answer yes on the
survey question?
A) 0.0119
B) 0.0153
C) 0.0264
D) 0.9231
given the survey to a simple random sample of 65 clients during the past 2 weeks. Big
Smiles has studios all across the country. Each studio surveys 65 of their clients and
records the number of surveyed clients that respond yes. If a studio scores in the top 6%
of the distribution for the number of clients who answer yes, then the studio will receive
an award. Approximately how many clients have to answer yes on the survey question
before the studio will win an award?
A) 48
B) 48.5
C) 57
D) 58
204. An article in Parenting magazine (Dec/Jan 2004) reported that 60% of Americans
surveyed say that they need a vacation after visiting family for the holidays. Suppose the
true proportion of all Americans who need a vacation after visiting family for the
holidays is indeed 60%. A simple random sample is taken of 150 Americans. What is
the probability that less than 50% of the people in the sample say that they need a
vacation after visiting family for the holidays?
A) 0.0062
B) 0.0072
C) 0.50
D) 0.60
Page 64
205. Mr. Aaron is about to interview four candidates for a certain job. He hopes all the
candidates turn off their cell phones because he does not like to be interrupted by a
ringing cell phone. If there is only one candidate whose cell phone rings during the
interview, Mr. Aaron will immediately not hire this candidate. If there is only one
candidate whose cell phone does not ring during the interview, he will immediately hire
this candidate. Suppose all four candidates own cell phones and none turn his/her cell
phone off. Each of the candidates will have a 50% chance of being called during their
interview. What is the probability that Mr. Aaron will find himself in either one of the
two above-described situations: to immediately not hire one candidate because his/her
cell phone rang during the interview or to immediately hire one candidate because
his/her cell phone was the only one that did not ring during the interview?
A) 0.0625
B) 0.125
C) 0.25
D) 0.50
206. A company is being criticized because only 3 of 16 people in executive-level positions

are female. The company claims that although the number is lower than it might wish, it
is not surprising given the fact that only 40% of their employees are women. Suppose
we can consider the 16 people in executive-level positions as a simple random sample of
all employees. What is the probability of observing 3 or less women in the group of 16
executives?
A) 0.0183
B) 0.0414
C) 0.0468
D) 0.0651
207. In the fall of 2003, a magazine article reported that about 87% of adults drink milk. A
local dairy farmers' association is planning a new marketing campaign for the tri-county
area they represent. They randomly polled 800 people in the area. In this sample, 654
people said that they drink milk. If 87% is the correct percentage of adults who drink
milk, what is the probability that the association would observe 654 or less people who
drink milk in the sample?
A) 0.000015
B) 0.000033
C) 0.0119
D) 0.8175
Page 65
208. A politician is urging tighter restrictions on drivers' licenses issued to teens. He claims
that, “in one of every five auto accidents, a teenager is behind the wheel.” You decide to
do a little research and find 67 records of car accidents over the past few months. Only
nine of the accidents had a teenager behind the wheel. Assume that we can consider
these 67 accidents as a random sample of all accidents. If the politician is correct, what
is the chance that you would observe 9 or fewer accidents with a teenager behind the
wheel?
A) 0.0524
B) 0.1136
C) 0.1343
D) 0.2
209. A comprehensive report called the Statistical Report on the Health of Canadians was
produced in 1999. In it was reported that 42% of Canadians, 12 years of age or older,
had their most recent eye examination within the previous year. If a random sample of
20 Canadians in this age group were selected, the probability that 6, or 30%, of the
selected individuals would have had their most recent eye examinations in the previous
year would be
A)  20  6 14
  (0.42) (0.58) .
6
B)  20  14 6
  (0.42) (0.58) .
 14 
C) 12  6 6
  (0.42) (0.58) .
6
D)  20  6 14
  (0.30) (0.70) .
6
E)  20  14 6
  (0.30) (0.70) .
 14 
Page 66
had their most recent eye examination within the previous year. If a sample of 100
individuals, 12 years of age or older, were selected at random from the Canadian
population, we could use the Normal distribution to approximate the probability that
more than 38 of the sampled people had their most recent eye examination in the
previous year because
A) the population is very much larger than the sample size.
B) np > 10, and n(1 – p) > 10.
C) independence can be assumed, since the people were selected at random.
D) the probability of the eye examination can be assumed to be constant from person
to person in the sample.
E) All of the above
had their most recent eye examination within the previous year. What is the
approximate probability that the count of the number of people in the sample of size 100
who had their most recent eye examination in the previous year is more than 38?
A) 0.759
B) 0.271
C) 0.729
D) 0.209
E) 0.8188
212. Let X be a binomial random variable with p = 0.35. What size sample would be required
X
to make the standard deviation of the proportion pˆ  equal to 0.04?
n
A) 6
B) 33
C) 12
D) 143
E) Not within ± 5 of any of the above
Page 67
213. It was reported that 18% of the residents of hospital-based continuing-care facilities in
the province of Ontario in 2004–2005 were under the age of 65. A study involving a
random sample of 300 residents of such facilities is to be conducted. What is the
probability that between 15% and 20% of the individuals in the sample will be less than
65 years of age?
A) .762
B) .723
C) .711
D) .819
214. It is known that the true proportion of units in a very large population that have a
particular characteristic is 0.45. A simple random sample of size n = 500 is to be
)
selected from the population. What is the probability that the sample proportion p will
)
be within ±3 percentage points of the true p, that is, P(0.42  p  0.48)?
A) 0.997
B) 0.823
C) 0.680
D) 0.500
Page 68
Answer Key
1. B
2. Randomly assign students to treatment groups.
3. C
4. B
5. A, B
6. C
7. A
8. A
9. A
10. D
11. A
12. B
13. B
14. A
15. A
16. C
17. C
18. C
19. B
20. B
21. C
22. A
23. D
24. C
25. A, C, D
26. C
27. C
28. E
29. D
30. D
31. D
32. C
33. Statistics
34. They could have left the poll open longer, so that more people had time to respond.
35. B
36. A
37. A
38. D
39. A
40. C
41. B
42. B
43. B
44. B
Page 69
45. D
46. A
47. B
48. D
49. D
50. C
51. C
52. B
53. B
54. B
55. D
56. C
57. B
58. A
59. B
60. C
61. B
62. C
63. A
64. C
65. C
66. A
67. A
68. B
69. C
70. D
71. A
72. A
73. D
74. B
75. D
76. C
77. D
78. B(12, 0.45)
79. 0.1117
80. N(54, 5.45)
81.  X  np  (100)(0.005)  0.5 and  X  np(1  p)  100(0.005)(0.995)  0.705
82. B(100, 0.005)
83. No, np = (1/200)(100) = 0.5. The Normal approximation can be used when np  10 and
n(1 – p)  10.
84. 30.85%
85. 0.00906
86. 0.1587
87. The Weibull distribution
88. 156.25 pounds
89. 0.1772
Page 70
90. B
91. B
92. B
93. B
94. B
95. C
96. A
97. A
98. C
99. D
100. B
101. A
102. C
103. A
104. C
105. A
106. A
107. A
108. A
109. B
110. A
111. C
112. D
113. D
114. D
115. A
116. A
117. C
118. B
119. A
120. B
121. A
122. B
123. A
124. A
125. B
126. A
127. A
128. A
129. A
130. B
131. A
132. B
133. A
134. B
135. D
Page 71
136. D
137. D
138. C
139. B
140. A
141. A
142. B
143. A
144. B
145. A
146. B
147. B
148. B
149. B
150. A
151. B
152. A
153. A
154. A
155. A
156. B
157. A
158. A
159. A
160. B(100, .75)
161. 0
162. 1
163. A) Yes, B) No, C) Yes, D) No
164. A) X is B(7, 0.5) C) X is approximately N(54, 4.98)
B) X is approximately N(0.5, 0.0645) D) X is approximately N(0.5, 0.0598)
165. D
166. A) No, B) No, C) Yes, D) No
167. D
168. C
169. B
170. C
171. C
172. C
173. D
174. A
175. C
176. D
177. B
178. D
179. A
180. D
Page 72
181. C
182. D
183. E
184. C
185. E
186. C
187. A
188. B
189. B
190. A
191. B
192. A
193. D
194. B
195. C
196. D
197. B
198. D
199. C
200. A
201. C
202. B
203. D
204. A
205. D
206. D
207. A
208. B
209. A
210. E
211. A
212. D
213. B
214. B
Page 73

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Test bank: https://testbankpack.com/p/test-bank-for-introduction-to-the-practice-of-statistics-9th-

The data in the sample size column can be considered

The proportion of the sample that were Latina is an example of a

What proportion of the sample had a household income below $35K?

18. The number of undergraduates at Johns Hopkins University is approximately 2000,

20. The number of undergraduates at Johns Hopkins University is approximately 2000,

21. The number of undergraduates at Johns Hopkins University is approximately 2000,

29. Which of the following statements best describes a sampling distribution?

A) continuous probability distribution

37. Binomial distributions represent _______ random variables.

Suppose a simple random sample of 100 observations is to be selected from the

51. A population variable has a distribution with a mean of  = 50 and a variance of 2 =

53. In the construction industry, compressive strength of concrete is a crucial characteristic.

75. A random variable X is Normally distributed with mean  X = 75 and  X = 8. Let Y be a

98. The time between events is best modeled by which distribution?

99. The exponential distribution is ______.

106. Sample means are _______ individual observations.

107. Sample means are _____ individual observations.

Which histogram is likely the distribution of the population?

137. The number of ways of arranging 3 successes among 5 observations is _____.

138. Suppose the number of customers at McDonalds can be modeled as a Poisson

139. Suppose the number of customers at McDonalds can be modeled as a Poisson

140. Suppose the number of customers at McDonalds can be modeled as a Poisson

142. The Poisson distribution is ______.

145. Which of the following is an example of the Poisson setting?

147. True or False. The binomial distribution is a continuous distribution.

176. A one-question survey is to be distributed to a random sample of 1500 adults in Ohio.

177. A one-question survey is to be distributed to a random sample of 1500 adults in Ohio.

178. A one-question survey is to be distributed to a random sample of 1500 adults in Ohio.

206. A company is being criticized because only 3 of 16 people in executive-level positions

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