Principles of Human Anatomy 13th Edition Tortora Test Bank 1

Test Bank for Principles of Human Anatomy 13th
Edition Tortora Nielsen 1118344996 9781118344996

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Course Title: pha13
Chapter Number: 05
Question type: Multiple Choice
1) The integument consists of which of the following?
a) skin and subcutaneous layer

b) epidermis and dermis
c) cutaneous membrane and underlying muscle
d) papillary and reticular regions
Answer: a
Difficulty: Easy
Study Objective 1: SO 5.1 Describe the general structure of skin.
Study Objective 2: SO 5.1.1 Describe the layers of the epidermis and the cells that compose
them.
Section Reference 1: Sec 5.1 Structure of the Skin
2) The greatest amount of keratin is found where?
a) stratum basale
b) stratum spinosum
c) stratum corneum
d) reticular region of the dermis
Answer: c
Difficulty: Easy
them.
3) Together, the skin, hair, nails, glands, and associated muscles and nerves are an example of
a/an:
a) tissue
b) organ
c) system
d) organism
Answer: c
Difficulty: Easy
Study Objective 1: SO 5.2 Compare the structure, distribution, and functions of hair, skin glands,
and nails.
Section Reference 1: Sec 5.2 Accessory Structures of the Skin
4) Calluses form in areas that
a) have excessive blood flow

b) have insufficient nerve supply
c) are subject to friction
d) undergo slowed rate of mitosis
Answer: c
Difficulty: Easy
them.
5) Which of the following is found in the stratum basale?
a) cuboidal or columnar shaped cells

b) keratinocytes
c) melanocytes
d) all of these choices
Answer: d
Difficulty: Medium
them.
6) Cells in the deepest layer of the epidermis divide to produce all other epidermal cells. From
deepest to most superficial, the cells pass through the layers in what order?
1. stratum spinosum
2. stratum basale
3. stratum corneum
4. stratum lucidum (only in thick skin)
5. stratum granulosum
a) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
b) 2, 3, 1, 5, 4
c) 3, 2, 4, 1, 5
d) 2, 1, 5, 4, 3
Answer: d
Difficulty: Easy
them.
7) As keratinocytes move to the surface
a) they become multinucleate

b) they divide to produce new skin cells
c) they eventually die and are sloughed off
Answer: c
Difficulty: Easy
them.
8) Tattoos are created by injecting ink with a needle into the _____.
a) stratum basale
b) dermis
c) subcutaneous layer
d) stratum corneum
Answer: b
Difficulty: Easy
Study Objective 2: SO 5.1.2 Compare the composition of the papillary and reticular regions of
the dermis.
9) The ability of skin to stretch and recoil is due to the presence of _____ in the _____.
a) elastic fibers, epidermis

b) adipose tissue, dermis
c) elastic fibers, dermis
d) basement membrane, hypodermis
Answer: c
Difficulty: Medium
the dermis.
10) Which of the following statements about skin color is false?
a) Three pigments that are responsible for skin color are hemoglobin, carotene, and melanin.
b) UV exposure leads to increased production of melanin.
c) Melanin is produced in the organelles of epithelial cells and then migrates to the hypodermis.
d) Carotene contributes a yellow-orange hue to the skin.
Answer: c
Difficulty: Medium
Study Objective 2: SO 5.1.3 Explain the anatomical basis of differences in skin color.
11) Functions of the skin include:
a) excretion of some wastes

b) acting as a blood reservoir
c) acting in immunity
Answer: d
Difficulty: Medium
Study Objective 1: SO 5.4 Describe how the skin contributes to the regulation of body
temperature, storage of blood, protection, sensation, excretion and absorption, and synthesis of
vitamin D.
Section Reference 1: Sec 5.4 Functions of the Skin
12) Which of the following is not considered an epidermal derivative?
a) sebaceous glands
b) lamellated corpuscles
c) sudoriferous glands
d) hair
Answer: b
Difficulty: Medium
them.
13) The narrow strip of epidermis found on the surface of the proximal border of a nail is called
_____.
a) eponychium (cuticle)
b) free edge
c) lunula
d) hyponychium
Answer: a
Difficulty: Medium
and nails.
14) Which of the following is characteristic of the growth of a scalp hair?
a) continuous steady growth until the hair is shed and replaced by a new hair
b) alternating growth phases and resting phases throughout the life of the hair
c) a resting phase followed by a growth phase, which lasts until the hair is shed and replaced by a
new hair
d) a growth phase followed by a resting phase, which lasts until the hair is shed and replaced by a
new hair
Answer: d
Difficulty: Hard
and nails.
15) Melanocytes synthesize melanin from which amino acid?
a) tryptophan
b) tyrosine
c) tropomyosin
d) thyroxine
Answer: b
Difficulty: Medium
16) Which of the following statements is true?
a) Melanoma is the most common form of skin cancer.

b) Squamous cell carcinoma is the most likely form of skin cancer to metastasize.
c) Basal cell carcinoma rarely metastasizes.
d) Skin color and family history are not risk factors for skin cancer.
Answer: c
Difficulty: Hard
17) Orientation of which dermal fibers is responsible for “lines of cleavage” (tension lines) seen
in the skin?
a) reticular
b) collagen
c) elastic
d) none of these choices
Answer: b
Difficulty: Easy
the dermis.
18) Which of the following contributes to the increased incidence of heat stroke in the elderly?
a) decreased circulation
b) decreased sudoriferous gland activity
c) decreased number of melanocytes
d) increased number of intraepidermal macrophages (Langerhans cells)
Answer: b
Difficulty: Medium
Study Objective 1: SO 5.7 Describe the effects of aging on the integumentary system.
Section Reference 1: Sec 5.7 Aging and the Integumentary System
19) What word does the letter “B” stand for in the American Cancer Society’s ABCD guidelines
for detecting malignant melanoma?
a) big (greater than 6mm)

b) brown/black pigmentation
c) border is irregular
d) blister
Answer: c
Difficulty: Medium
20) Contraction of the _____ cause(s) “goose bumps.”
a) hair follicle
b) underlying skeletal muscle
c) arrector pili muscle
d) capillary loops in the papillary region of the dermis
Answer: c
Difficulty: Medium
and nails.
21) Thick skin, containing all five layers of the epidermis, is found in areas of all of the
following except _____.
a) palms
b) soles
c) fingertips
d) upper back
Answer: d
Difficulty: Medium
Study Objective 1: SO 5.3 Compare structural and functional differences in thin and thick skin.
Section Reference 1: Sec 5.3 Types of Skin
22) The _____ gives rise to the epidermis.
a) mesenchyme
b) ectoderm
c) mesoderm
d) endoderm
Answer: b
Difficulty: Medium
Study Objective 1: SO 5.6 Describe the development of the epidermis, its accessory structures,
and the dermis.
Section Reference 1: Sec 5.6 Development of the Integumentary System
23) What is the correct order for the development of the dermis?
a) mesoderm; mesenchyme; fibroblasts

b) endoderm; mesenchyme; keratinocytes
c) ectoderm; fibroblasts; melanocytes
d) mesoderm; collagen; mesenchyme
Answer: a
Difficulty: Medium
and the dermis.
24) Which of the following terms best describes a bluish skin color most likely resulting from an
inadequate amount of oxygen circulating in the blood?
a) erythema
b) cyanosis
c) albinism
d) hirsutism
Answer: b
Difficulty: Medium
Section Reference 1: Sec 5.1 Structure of the skin
25) Following a burn, charring and insensitivity to pain was found over the entire surface of the
right lower limb, entire surface of right trunk and anterior surface of the right upper limb.
Approximately what percent of the body surface had burns and how would you classify the
burn?
a) 18%; second degree

b) 27%, third degree
c) 32%, partial thickness
d) 40%, third degree
Answer: d
Difficulty: Hard
Study Objective 1: SO 5.5 Describe the blood supply of the integumentary system.
Section Reference 1: Sec 5.5 Blood Supply of the Integumentary System
Question type: True/False
26) The papillae of hair fill with ectoderm in which blood vessels develop.
Answer: False
Difficulty: Medium
and the dermis.
27) The two principal layers of skin are the epidermis and the subcutaneous layer.
Answer: False
Difficulty: Easy
the dermis.
28) Differences in skin color are mainly due to the number of melanocytes in the epidermis.
Answer: False
Difficulty: Medium
29) The cutaneous plexus is located in the epidermis and supplies cells of the epidermis and
upper dermis with blood.
Answer: False
Difficulty: Medium
30) One of the factors responsible for skin color differences among races is the amount of
melanin the keratinocytes produce and transfer to melanocytes.
Answer: False
Difficulty: Medium
31) Albinism is caused by a total lack of melanocytes.
Answer: False
Difficulty: Hard
32) Cells in the three most superficial layers of the epidermis receive a large supply of blood
from blood vessels in the dermis.
Answer: False
Difficulty: Medium
33) The skin is supplied with blood by two arterial plexuses called the papillary plexus and the
cutaneous plexus.
Answer: True
Difficulty: Hard
34) The deepest layer of the skin is called the hypodermis.

Answer: False
Difficulty: Hard
the dermis.
Section Reference 1: Sec 5.1 Structure of the skin
35) A callus is a thickening of the dermis caused by excessive friction.
Answer: False
Difficulty: Medium
them.
36) Three major types of skin are recognized on the basis of certain structural and functional
properties: thin skin, intermediate skin, and thick skin.
Answer: False
Difficulty: Medium
37) Acne is an inflammation of sebaceous glands.
Answer: True
Difficulty: Medium
and nails.
38) Fingernails consist of hardened glandular secretions from the tissue of the nail root.
Answer: False
Difficulty: Medium
and nails.
39) The lunula of a nail appears whiter than the rest of the nail due to the structure of the stratum
basale.
Answer: True
Difficulty: Hard
and nails.
Section Reference 1: Sec 5.2 Accessory Structures of The Skin
40) Thin skin has fewer epidermal ridges, sudoriferous glands, and sensory receptors than thick
skin.
Answer: True
Difficulty: Medium
41) Vitamin D synthesis begins in the skin as a result of UV radiation altering a precursor
molecule.
Answer: True
Difficulty: Medium
vitamin D.
42) Vernix caseosa is secreted by sebaceous glands to protect the fetus from amniotic fluid.
Answer: True
Difficulty: Medium
and the dermis.
43) Development of blisters following exposure of skin to heat is indicative of a first-degree
burn.
Answer: False
Difficulty: Medium
44) Most of the age-related changes associated with the integumentary system occur in the
epidermis.
Answer: False
Difficulty: Medium
Question type: Essay
45) Describe the layers of the epidermis and discuss growth of the epidermis. Include a
description of the different cell types. Accompany your answer with a labeled diagram.
Answer:
Difficulty: Hard
them.
Solution: The answer should include the names of the layers and a description of the cells in each
layer. See Table 5.1 and Figure 5.3.
46) Describe the tissues and structures of the two regions (layers) of the dermis.
Answer:
Difficulty: Medium
Study Objective 2: SO 5.1.1 Describe the layers of the epidermis and the cells that compose them
Solution: Papillary region—upper 1/5; areolar tissue with elastic fibers, dermal papillae, blood
vessels, corpuscles of touch. Reticular region—lower 4/5; network of dense irregular connective
tissue, elastic and collagen fibers, adipose tissue, glands, hair follicles, blood vessels,
temperature and other receptors.
47) Describe the changes that occur in skin with age.
Answer:
Difficulty: Hard
Solution: Aging produces changes in characteristics of elastic and collagen fibers; decreased
melanocytes, fibroblasts, and intraepidermal macrophages (Langerhans cells); diminished
function of glands; loss of subcutaneous fat; thinning of dermis; decreased rate of replacement of
epidermal cells.
48) Describe the damage of first, second, and third degree burns.
Answer:
Difficulty: Hard
Solution: A first-degree burn involves only the superficial layers of the epidermis. Second-
degree burns destroy the entire epidermis and may include part of the dermis. A third-degree
burn is a full-thickness burn that destroys epidermis, dermis, and accessory structures of the skin.
49) Discuss the three common forms of skin cancer.
Answer:
Difficulty: Hard
them.
Solution: Basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, malignant melanoma; see clinical
connection to skin cancer
50) Explain how wrinkles result as a normal consequence of aging.

Answer:
Difficulty: Medium
Solution: Collagen fibers in the dermis begin to decrease in number, stiffen, break apart, and
disorganize into a shapeless, matted tangle. Elastic fibers lose some of their elasticity, thicken
into clumps, and fray, an effect that is greatly accelerated in the skin of smokers. Fibroblasts,
which produce both collagen and elastic fibers, decrease in number.
Question type: Text entry
51) The layer of the epidermis containing the most layers of cells is the stratum _____.
Answer: corneum
Difficulty: Easy
them.
Solution: corneum
52) Surface patterns that develop on the skin of the hands and feet are due to the presence of
dermal papillae and are called _____ ridges.
Answer: epidermal
Difficulty: Easy
the dermis.
Solution: epidermal
53) Lipids released by _____ granules of keratinocytes are responsible for reducing the passage
of water through the skin.
Answer: lamellar
Difficulty: Medium
vitamin D.
Solution: lamellar
54) Keratohyalin granules are characteristic of the stratum _____ layer of the epidermis.
Answer: granulosum
Difficulty: Medium
them.
Solution: granulosum
55) "Goose bumps" on the skin are due to contraction of smooth muscles called _____, which
are associated with hair follicles.
Answer: arrector pili
Difficulty: Medium
and nails.
Solution: arrector pili
56) The _____ of the hair is the portion that projects from the surface of the skin.
Answer: shaft
Difficulty: Easy
and nails.
Solution: shaft
57) The concentric layers of a hair from external to internal are _____, _____, and _____.
Answer: cuticle, cortex, medulla

Difficulty: Medium
and nails.
Solution: cuticle, cortex, medulla
58) Thin skin lacks the stratum _____ layer of the epidermis.
Answer: lucidum
Difficulty: Easy
Solution: lucidum
59) Epithelial cells from the _____ give rise to the sebaceous glands during fetal development.
Answer: hair follicles
Difficulty: Medium
and the dermis.
Solution: hair follicles
60) In the fifth or sixth month of fetal development, hair follicles produce delicate fetal hair
called _____, which is usually shed prior to birth.
Answer: lanugo
Difficulty: Medium
and nails.
Solution: lanugo
61) A mild sunburn is an example of a _____ burn and involves only the _____ layer of the skin.
Answer: first-degree, epidermal
Difficulty: Medium
Solution: first-degree, epidermal
62) ______ is due to a buildup of the yellow pigment bilirubin in the skin. This condition gives a
yellowish appearance to the skin and the whites of the eyes, and usually indicates liver disease.
Answer: Jaundice
Difficulty: Easy
Solution: Jaundice
63) In regards to thermoregulatory sweating, sweat that evaporates from the skin before it is
perceived as moisture is termed _____ perspiration; whereas sweat that is excreted in larger
amounts and is seen as moisture on the skin is called _____ perspiration.
Answer: insensible; sensible
Difficulty: Hard
and nails.
Solution: insensible; sensible
Question type: Essay

64) Name the structure indicated by A.
Answer:
Difficulty: Easy
and nails.
Solution: sebaceous gland
65) Give two different names for the layer indicated by C.
Answer:
Difficulty: Medium
Solution: hypodermis and subcutaneous (subQ) layer
66) Identify the specific structure indicated by B.
Answer:
Difficulty: Medium
and nails.
Solution: arrector pili muscle
67) Name the specialized receptor indicated by D.
Answer:
Difficulty: Medium
them.
Solution: lamellated corpuscle (pacinian corpuscle)
68) Identify the specific layer in which cells begin dying.
Answer:
Difficulty: Medium
them.
Solution: F (stratum granulosum)
69) Identify the type of cell that has an immune function.
Answer:
Difficulty: Medium
them.
Solution: C (intraepidermal macrophage [Langerhans cell])
70) Identify the cell type that produces melanin.
Answer:
Difficulty: Easy
them.
Solution: B (melanocyte)
71) Identify the layer sometimes referred to as stratum germinativum because of its role in
forming new cells.
Answer:
Difficulty: Medium
them.
Solution: D (stratum basale)
72) Identify the deepest layer of the skin.
Answer:
Difficulty: Medium
the dermis.
Solution: G (dermis)
73) C is pointing to what structure?
Answer:
Difficulty: Medium
and nails.
Solution: external root sheath
74) A is pointing to what structure?
Answer:
Difficulty: Medium
and nails.
Solution: internal root sheath
75) B is pointing to what structure?
Answer:
Difficulty: Medium
and nails.
Solution: cuticle of the hair

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Principles of Human Anatomy 13th Edition Tortora Test Bank 1

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Test Bank for Principles of Human Anatomy 13th

Edition Tortora Nielsen 1118344996 9781118344996

Package Title: Testbank

Question type: Multiple Choice

1) The integument consists of which of the following?

a) skin and subcutaneous layer

2) The greatest amount of keratin is found where?

4) Calluses form in areas that

a) have excessive blood flow

5) Which of the following is found in the stratum basale?

a) cuboidal or columnar shaped cells

7) As keratinocytes move to the surface

a) they become multinucleate

a) elastic fibers, epidermis

10) Which of the following statements about skin color is false?

a) excretion of some wastes

12) Which of the following is not considered an epidermal derivative?

15) Melanocytes synthesize melanin from which amino acid?

16) Which of the following statements is true?

a) Melanoma is the most common form of skin cancer.

a) big (greater than 6mm)

20) Contraction of the _____ cause(s) “goose bumps.”

22) The _____ gives rise to the epidermis.

a) mesoderm; mesenchyme; fibroblasts

a) 18%; second degree

Question type: True/False

31) Albinism is caused by a total lack of melanocytes.

34) The deepest layer of the skin is called the hypodermis.

35) A callus is a thickening of the dermis caused by excessive friction.

37) Acne is an inflammation of sebaceous glands.

Question type: Essay

47) Describe the changes that occur in skin with age.

49) Discuss the three common forms of skin cancer.

50) Explain how wrinkles result as a normal consequence of aging.

Question type: Text entry

Answer: arrector pili

Answer: cuticle, cortex, medulla

Answer: hair follicles

Answer: first-degree, epidermal

Answer: insensible; sensible

Question type: Essay

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