Chapter 06 - Drawing

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Chapter 06
Drawing

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Ideas quickly jotted down for later development are called:

A. binders
B. sketches
C. grounds
D. media
E. None of these answers are correct.

Preliminary sketches for paintings or sculptures are ideas that are quickly jotted down for
later development. They can offer fascinating glimpses into the creative process.

Bloom's: Remember
Bloom's: Understand
Learning Objective: Understand the functions and development of drawings
Topic: drawing

6-1
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Chapter 06 - Drawing

2. The ________ are credited with the invention of paper around 105 C.E.
A. Greeks
B. Chinese
C. Egyptians
D. Romans
E. Persians

Although the word paper is a derivative from the Latin papyrus, it is the Chinese who are
credited with the invention.

Bloom's: Remember
Learning Objective: Identify materials used in drawing
Topic: China

6-2
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McGraw-Hill Education.
Chapter 06 - Drawing

3. The predecessor of the graphite pencil, especially popular during the Renaissance, is:
A. charcoal.
B. metalpoint.
C. crayon.
D. pen and ink.
E. pastel.

Metalpoint involves a soft metal set in a holder and a prepared ground for a drawing surface.

Bloom's: Remember
Learning Objective: Identify materials used in drawing
Topic: Renaissance
Topic: metalpoint

4. The coloring material in virtually all drawing media is known as:

A. pastel.
B. binder.
C. pigment.
D. wash.
E. aquatint.

Pigment is a coloring material made from various organic or chemical substances mixed with
a binder to create a drawing or painting medium.

Bloom's: Remember
Learning Objective: Identify materials used in drawing
Topic: color
Topic: drawing
Topic: light and pigment

6-3
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Chapter 06 - Drawing

5. Which of the following media is the most common of all drawing media?
A. Metalpoint
B. Pastel
C. Graphite pencil
D. Pen and ink
E. Conté crayon

Graphite pencils are composed of graphite and fine clay, and the varying percentage of clay
allows pencils that range from very hard to very soft.

Bloom's: Remember
Learning Objective: Identify materials used in drawing
Topic: drawing
Topic: graphite

6. In metalpoint, lines are drawn with a silver ________ onto a surface coated with a
preliminary coating of paint.
A. toothpick
B. dagger
C. coin
D. wire
E. dart

In metalpoint works, the drawing medium is a thin wire made of a relatively soft metal such
as silver, set in a holder for convenience.

Bloom's: Remember
Learning Objective: Identify materials used in drawing
Topic: drawing
Topic: metalpoint

6-4
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McGraw-Hill Education.
Chapter 06 - Drawing

7. Chris Ofili created Prince among Thieves with Flowers using ________ as his medium.
A. pen and ink
B. brush and ink
C. pencil
D. wash
E. charcoal

Ofili used hard and soft pencils, which created a contrast of value effects in his artwork.

Bloom's: Remember
Learning Objective: Examine drawings in terms of materials and techniques used
Topic: drawing
Topic: graphite

8. The difference in the color and consistency of different types of crayons and pastels is due
to:
A. the use of different binders.
B. the fact that these media do not need a binding agent.
C. the fact that crayons are made for children, while pastels are made for artists.
D. the use of liquid pigmentation.
E. None of these answers are correct; there is no difference.

Crayons and pastels are made of powdered pigments, the same as those used to make paints,
mixed with a binder. For crayons, the binder is a greasy or waxy substance. Finer, denser,
more brilliant versions of these crayons have been developed for artists. Pastel consists of
pigment bound with a nongreasy binder.

Bloom's: Remember
Bloom's: Understand
Learning Objective: Identify materials used in drawing
Topic: crayon, pastel, and chalk
Topic: drawing

6-5
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McGraw-Hill Education.
Chapter 06 - Drawing

9. The style used by Georges Seurat in Café-concert is:

A. pointillism.
B. surrealism.
C. realism.
D. conceptual art.
E. impressionistic.

Seurat’s painting technique, pointillism, features tiny dots of color that are massed together to
build form. In this work, Seurat uses conté crayon on rough-textured paper to approximate the
effect of color dots in paint.

Bloom's: Remember
Bloom's: Understand
Learning Objective: Describe techniques used in drawing
Learning Objective: Examine drawings in terms of materials and techniques used
Topic: Georges Seurat
Topic: crayon, pastel, and chalk
Topic: drawing

10. An example of a liquid medium in drawing is:

A. graphite.
B. pastel.
C. ink.
D. silverpoint.
E. None of these answers are correct.

Ink is a fluid, pigmented substance used in drawing, painting, and writing.

Bloom's: Remember
Bloom's: Understand
Learning Objective: Identify materials used in drawing
Topic: brush and ink
Topic: drawing
Topic: pen and ink

6-6
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McGraw-Hill Education.
Chapter 06 - Drawing

11. What part of the pen conveys the ink to the drawing surface?
A. The quill
B. The twig
C. The calligraphic
D. The nib
E. None of these answers are correct.

A nib provides a controlled, sustained, flexible line.

12. Julie Mehretu’s use of the rapidograph and translucent mylar intentionally evokes:
A. newspaper layout.
B. architectural drafting.
C. engravings.
D. discotheques.
E. computer graphics.

Mehretu employs the tools and products used in architectural drawing processes. In her work,
Untitled, from your text, fragments of urban plans along with details of buildings and
infrastructure seem caught up in an explosive whirlwind.

Bloom's: Understand
Learning Objective: Describe techniques used in drawing
Topic: color
Topic: drawing
Topic: light and pigment
Topic: pen and ink

6-7
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McGraw-Hill Education.
Chapter 06 - Drawing

13. Leonardo da Vinci used drawings to explore ideas in:

A. art.
B. mathematics.
C. science.
D. engineering.
E. All of these answers are correct.

Leonardo was incredibly diverse and made innovative studies of all subjects.

Bloom's: Remember
Bloom's: Understand
Learning Objective: Understand the functions and development of drawings
Topic: Leonardo da Vinci
Topic: drawing

14. ________ is/are among the materials besides paper that have provided support for
drawings.
A. Papyrus
B. Cave walls
C. Silk
D. Fired clay
E. All of these answers are correct.

Many types of surfaces have been used throughout history for drawing.

Bloom's: Remember
Bloom's: Understand
Learning Objective: Identify materials used in drawing
Topic: drawing

6-8
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McGraw-Hill Education.
Chapter 06 - Drawing

15. Pen and ink was the favorite sketching medium of ________, one of the greatest
draftsmen of the 17th century.
A. Rembrandt
B. Lippi
C. Degas
D. Picasso
E. All of these answers are correct.

Pen and ink allowed for a variety of gestural lines, which can be seen in Rembrandt’s
drawings.

Bloom's: Remember
Learning Objective: Identify materials used in drawing
Topic: Rembrandt Harmensz van Rijn
Topic: drawing
Topic: pen and ink

16. Because this 20th-century artist dated most of his drawings over the course of his
lifetime, we have nearly a complete visual record of his mind at work.
A. Ingres
B. Picasso
C. van Gogh
D. Rembrandt
E. Degas

Picasso, mindful of his own legacy, began early on to date and save all his sketches.

Bloom's: Remember
Learning Objective: Understand the impulse for human beings to create art
Topic: Pablo Picasso
Topic: drawing

6-9
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Chapter 06 - Drawing

17. In Shahzia Sikander’s I from 51 Ways of Looking, _________ was used as the medium.
A. ink
B. conté crayon
C. graphite
D. chalk
E. None of the answers are correct.

Sikander uses the graphite pencil to create linear drawings and shaded forms.

Bloom's: Remember
Bloom's: Understand
Learning Objective: Identify materials used in drawing
Topic: drawing
Topic: graphite

18. A traditional metalpoint ground recipe calls for a mixture of:

A. bone ash.
B. glue.
C. white pigment.
D. water.
E. All of the answers are correct.

Traditional metalpoint ground recipes call for a mixture of bone ash, glue, and white pigment
in water. When the point of the metalpoint wire is drawn across this dried ground, it leaves
behind a thin trail of metal particles that soon tarnish to a pale gray.

Bloom's: Remember
Learning Objective: Identify materials used in drawing
Topic: drawing
Topic: metalpoint

6-10
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McGraw-Hill Education.
Chapter 06 - Drawing

19. Vonne Jacquette’s Three Mile Island, Night I uses the medium of:
A. chalk.
B. pastel.
C. white pigment.
D. charcoal.
E. All of the answers are correct.

Jacquette’s drawing illustrates the tonal range of charcoal.

Bloom's: Remember
Bloom's: Understand
Learning Objective: Identify materials used in drawing
Topic: charcoal
Topic: drawing

Essay Questions

20. Review the works in this chapter by Filippino Lippi and Rembrandt, and discuss the
different qualities and characteristic appearances of the medium each artist used.

Lippi worked in metalpoint creating drawings with fine, delicate lines and hatching and
cross-hatching for modeled effects. Rembrandt used pen and ink to create varied gestural
lines, resulting in drawings that included modeled and loosely sketched areas.

Bloom's: Analyze
Bloom's: Apply
Learning Objective: Examine drawings in terms of materials and techniques used
Topic: Rembrandt Harmensz van Rijn
Topic: drawing
Topic: metalpoint
Topic: pen and ink

6-11
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McGraw-Hill Education.
Chapter 06 - Drawing

21. Describe three differences between a sketch and a completed work based on a sketch.
Select one specific painting, sculpture, or architectural work for which you can find several
preliminary drawings; then comment on the specific similarities and differences between the
sketches and the final work. Conclude with your assessment of the process of preliminary
drawings as an essential or nonessential part of the process of completing a work.

Answers will vary depending on selected art work. Sketches are quickly executed drawings; a
direct expression from the artist’s brain to hand, usually not intended to be a finished work.
Sketches also can be preliminary plans for a future drawing or painting, and function as
working ideas that lead to a finished work.

Bloom's: Analyze
Bloom's: Apply
Bloom's: Understand
Learning Objective: Understand the functions and development of drawings
Topic: drawing

22. Discuss the intimate and personal nature of a drawing made for personal expression
rather than for exhibition. Contrast the content and form of this type of drawing with those of
a drawing executed for communication of information or for persuasion. Finally, comment on
the characteristics that you think would make the latter type of drawing successful in
achieving its purpose.

Drawings for personal nature are not plans for subsequent formal artworks. The difference
between the two drawing types involves the audience that will view the drawing or the
resulting artwork.

Bloom's: Analyze
Bloom's: Apply
Bloom's: Understand
Learning Objective: Understand the functions and development of drawings
Topic: content
Topic: drawing

6-12
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McGraw-Hill Education.
Chapter 06 - Drawing

23. Trace the history of papermaking, discussing the technological processes required. Cover
its origins and its transmission to other cultures and describe some of the writing and drawing
surfaces it replaced. What are paper’s advantages over these materials?

Although the word paper is a derivative from the Latin papyrus, it is the Chinese who are
credited with the invention. The secret of paper spread from China to neighboring countries
and over centuries enormous strides were made in the papermaking processes. Making surface
paper offered flexibility in durability, transportation, and stability.

Bloom's: Analyze
Bloom's: Understand
Learning Objective: Identify materials used in drawing
Topic: China
Topic: drawing

24. Give three examples of ways in which paper can be used as a medium. How have
contemporary artists differed from traditional artists in their uses of the medium? Refer to
specific works to support your statements.

For centuries, paper was an artisanal product, made by hand one sheet at a time and used to
record historical details, as well as the medium for drawings and other artistic works. As
paper became mass-produced, its uses extended to information dissemination: newspapers,
books, posters, etc. During the twentieth century, artists began using paper in innovate ways:
collages and sculptures are two such examples.

Bloom's: Analyze
Bloom's: Apply
Bloom's: Understand
Learning Objective: Examine drawings in terms of materials and techniques used
Learning Objective: Identify materials used in drawing
Topic: China
Topic: drawing

6-13
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McGraw-Hill Education.
Chapter 06 - Drawing

25. Consider Pettibon’s No Title (Not a single armorer . . .). Discuss the artist’s use of the
drawing medium, as well as the use of brush and ink in the work.

In No Title (Not a single armorer . . . ), Raymond Pettibon uses brush and ink on paper. We
tend to classify this type of work as a drawing because it was created on paper, is in black and
white, and is largely linear in character—that is, Pettibon used the brush largely to make lines.
Pettibon used a fine brush to draw the slender, even lines of the text at the upper left and a
larger brush and a looser, more varied line to create the image.

Bloom's: Analyze
Bloom's: Apply
Bloom's: Understand
Learning Objective: Examine drawings in terms of materials and techniques used
Learning Objective: Understand the functions and development of drawings
Topic: brush and ink
Topic: content
Topic: drawing

26. Discuss the characteristics and different forms of charcoal. Considering Yvonne
Jacquette’s Three Mile Island, Night I, explain how the medium of charcoal is employed in
her drawing.

Charcoal is charred wood and can be used in a natural or manufactured form. Charcoal has
been used since ancient times and so conveys a primal energy. Jacquette, in her work, features
the many tonal variations of charcoal to create a variety of shaded effects.

Bloom's: Analyze
Bloom's: Apply
Bloom's: Understand
Learning Objective: Examine drawings in terms of materials and techniques used
Learning Objective: Identify materials used in drawing
Topic: charcoal
Topic: drawing
Topic: light

6-14
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McGraw-Hill Education.