The University Wits 

​ he University Wits were a group of English

T
playwrights and poets who flourished during the late
16th century, primarily in London. This collective
term encompasses a diverse and talented group of
writers, each contributing significantly to the
development of English drama and literature during
their time.

Originating from universities such as Oxford and

Cambridge, the University Wits were known for their
intellectual prowess and linguistic dexterity. They
played a crucial role in transitioning English drama
from medieval morality plays to more sophisticated
and secular forms of entertainment. The works of the
University Wits laid the foundation for the
Elizabethan and Jacobean drama that followed,
including the renowned works of William
Shakespeare.

Prominent figures among the University Wits include

Christopher Marlowe, Thomas Kyd, John Lyly, Robert
Greene, George Peele, and Thomas Lodge. These
writers displayed a keen interest in experimenting
with various genres, styles, and themes. They were
responsible for introducing elements of classical
literature, humanism, and rhetoric into English
drama, resulting in a more refined and sophisticated
theatrical experience.
Christopher Marlowe, often considered the most
influential of the University Wits, is known for his
groundbreaking play "Doctor Faustus." This tragedy
explored themes of ambition, knowledge, and the
human condition, while also employing the dramatic
blank verse that would later become a hallmark of
Shakespearean plays.

Thomas Kyd's "The Spanish Tragedy" is another

notable work that contributed to the development of
English tragedy. This play introduced the concept of
the "revenge tragedy" and showcased a more
complex narrative structure that would influence
later playwrights.

John Lyly, on the other hand, is associated with the

genre of romantic comedy. His works, such as
"Euphues: The Anatomy of Wit," featured elaborate
wordplay, witty dialogues, and courtly romance,
setting the stage for the lighter comedic elements
found in the plays of Shakespeare.

Robert Greene, known for his prose works as well as

his plays, produced notable plays like "Friar Bacon
and Friar Bungay" and "James IV." These works
explored themes of magic, power, and rivalry,
showcasing Greene's diverse literary talents.

George Peele and Thomas Lodge contributed to the

pastoral genre with plays like "The Arraignment of
Paris" and "The Wounds of Civil War." These works
combined elements of mythology, romance, and
pastoral settings, reflecting the cultural fascination
with idyllic landscapes and courtly love.

While the University Wits made significant

contributions to English literature and drama, their
careers were often marked by struggles and
controversies. Many of them faced financial
difficulties, personal challenges, and in some cases,
accusations of plagiarism. Despite these hurdles, their
collective efforts paved the way for the emergence of
the professional English theater and the eventual
dominance of playwrights like Shakespeare.

In conclusion, the University Wits were a group of

talented and intellectually vibrant playwrights who
left an indelible mark on English literature and
drama. Through their experimentation, innovation,
and exploration of various genres, they helped shape
the theatrical landscape of their time and provided a
foundation upon which later playwrights could build.
The University Wits' legacy continues to be celebrated
for their contributions to the evolution of English
drama and their role in preparing the stage for the
golden age of Elizabethan and Jacobean theater.