UNIT 31 (DESTINATION B1)

A) REPORTED SPEECH
Sử dụng câu tường thuật khi muốn thuật lại những việc người khác nói.
Direct speech Reported speech
« Present simple « Past simple
“She always wears coat.” He said (that) she always wore coat.
« Present continuous « Past continuous
“I am looking my keys” She said that she was looking my keys.
« Present perfect continuous « Past perfect continuous
“I have been drawing all day, said Tom. Tom said he had been drawing all day.
« Past simple « Past perfect simple
“My friend gave me a bar of chocolate She said her friend had given her a bar a
yesterday.” chocolate the day before.
« Past continuous « Past perfect continuous
“I was writing a poem, said Tina.” Tina said she had been writing a poem.
« Will « Would
“I will finish my report in two days. ” He said that he would finish his report in two
days.

« Am/is/are going to « Was/were going to

“They are going to make a new one,” Joe said they were going to make a new
said Joe. one.
« Can « Could
“I can draw quite well,” Emma said. Emma said she could draw quite well.
« Must / have to « Had to
“You have to visit the fashion show,” he He said we had to visit the fashion show.
said.
« May « Might
“I may visit the Thien Mu Pagoda next Hong said she might visit the Thien Mu
week,” said Hong. Pagoda the following week.
Lưu ý:
1. Khi chuyển đổi từ câu trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp, chúng ta cần lưu ý các từ sau
Directed Reported Directed Reported
I → He/she Here → There
You → I/me/they/them Now → Then // At that moment
We → They Tomorrow → The next day
Us → Them Tonight → That night
My → His/her Next week → The following week
Your → My/their Yesterday → The day before
Last week → The week before
Ago → Before
2. Đổi thì khi động từ tường thuật (EX: say, tell…) ở quá khứ.
EX: Tom says he is going to study architecture.
→  Tom says he was going to study architecture.
3. Không đổi thì với thì quá khứ hoàn thành và quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn.
EX: I had seen the picture before.
→ He said he had seen the picture before.
4. Không thay đổi would, should, could và might.
EX: “I might take up painting”
→ She said she might take up painting.
5. Có thể sử dụng những động từ như “appologise”, “deny”, “promise”, “refuse” trong
câu tường thuật.
EX: “I’m sorry I told everyone your secret.” my sister said.
→ My sister appolised for telling everyone my secret.
EX: “I’ll love you forever!”, Francis said to Elizabeth.
→ Francis promised to love Elizabeth forever.
EX: “No, I won’t open the door!” said Mandy.
→ Mandy refused to opend the door
EX: “I didn’t give the money to John,” said Ali
→ Ali denied giving the money to John.
B) CÁC DẠNG CÂU TƯỜNG THUẬT

S + told + (that) + S + V
« Ở dạng
câu kể He said to me “I haven’t finished my work”.
→ He told me he hadn’t finished his work.
S + asked/wanted to know/wondered + if/whether + S + V.
“Are you angry?” he asked.
« Ở dạng → He asked if/whether I was angry.
câu hỏi
S + asked (+O) / wanted to know/wondered + Wh-words + S + V.
“What are you talking about?” said the teacher.
→ The teacher asked us what we were talking about.
S + told + O + to-infinitive.
Please wait for me here, Mary.
« Ở dạng → Tom told Mary to wait for him there.
câu mệnh
lệnh S + told + O + not to-infinitive.
“Don’t talk in class”, the teacher said to us.
→ The teacher told us not to talk in class.