Philippine Christian University

Sampaloc 1, Dasmariñas City, Cavite 4114

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
S.Y. 2021-2022

MODULE IN UNDERSTANDING CULTURE, SOCIETY, AND POLITICS

(GRADE 11)
QUARTER 4 - WEEK 2 (APRIL 11-13, 2022)

LESSON 8: SOCIAL ORGANIZATIONS

Overview
When individuals aggregate (nagsama-sama) physically in a given space, they do not necessarily make a
social group. They are just a collection of warm bodies who happened to be together in one space or who may
happen to share common characteristics. In sociological space, it is called social aggregates – a simple collection
of people who happened to be together in a particular place but do not significantly interact or identify with
one another.

The famous poet, John Donne, once wrote: “No man is an island, entire of itself; every man is a part of the
continent, a part of the main.” He was recognizing the most distinctive characteristic of people as social
animals, whose behavior and personalities are shaped by groups. Throughout life, most of the daily activities
of people are performed in the company of others. The need for human contact is both practical and
psychological. If people are deprived of the company of others for a prolonged period of time, a mental
breakdown is a usual result.

Objectives
MELC: Analyze the forms and functions of social organizations.
At the end of this lesson, you are expected to:
1. Define the concept of social groups/organizations;
2. Differentiate Primary and Secondary Group and In/Out Group;
3. Appraise the person’s relationship network.

Test Yourself. Follow the instruction below:

Draw (or paste a picture of ) your friends' group, and describe briefly
the similar behavior and traits of your group.

Disclaimer: This module is adapted and modified from the source materials listed in the references list. This is an
exclusive property of Philippine Christian University-Dasmariñas SHS and is provided only to enrolled students for
their academic use. This module is provided for free by the school through softcopy and/or printed media.
Reproduction of this module without official permission is prohibited.
 Study these terms
1. Social Group - A collection of people who regularly interact with one another based on shared
expectations concerning behavior and who share a sense of common identity.
2. Primary Group – A small, warm association based on ongoing, personal, intimate relationships.
3. Secondary Group – A ‘cool’, impersonal association whose members’ relationships are limited and
instrumental.
4. Reference Group – The groups against which we choose to measure ourselves.

Discussion

Groups and organizations are defined by the patterns of participation among their members, and individual
membership in groups is maintained through ongoing participation. The relative strength of your connection
to your friendship group, whether you interact in person or online, results from the frequency and intensity of
your contact with them. If you rarely communicate with your friends, your bond to the group will become
weaker. If too many many members lose contact, the group itself ceases to exist.

Sociologists Richard Gelles and Ann Levine in 1999 posited four ways to identify social groups:

1, Members have shared identity – members recognize that they have something in common.

2. Members of a social group interact regularly – members make a point of getting together.

3. Social groups have a social structure – they establish a structure of roles and statuses.

4. Social groups depend on consensus – members must agree to some extent on values, norms.

According to influence

GROUP BASIC FEATURES EXAMPLES

(level of intimacy, duration, and
reason for interaction)
Primary Small; characterized by long- Family
lasting intimate relationship
which binds the members Childhood Friends
together more than the goal.
Secondary Can be large or small; common
interests bind the members Project group
together more than their
relationship.

Disclaimer: This module is adapted and modified from the source materials listed in the references list. This is an
exclusive property of Philippine Christian University-Dasmariñas SHS and is provided only to enrolled students for
their academic use. This module is provided for free by the school through softcopy and/or printed media.
Reproduction of this module without official permission is prohibited.
 According to membership

GROUP BASIC FEATURES EXAMPLES

In-Group: social groups to which
an individual he or she belongs.
Reference Group One feels loyalty and respect.
Out-Group: social groups than an
individual does not identify with.
One feels antagonism and
contempt for these groups.
Worship Ministry
Sports team opponent
Military group enemy
(e.g. Miami Heat v. Milwaukee
Bucks. Parehas sports group pero
magkalaban sa court.)

Name: _______________________________ Strand & Section: _________________________

Activity # 8. Write at least 5 names of your close relatives and their similarities to one another.

References

Barlan, J et.al (2016) Understanding Culture, Society, and Politics for Senior High School. Mutya
Publishing. Malabon City, Philippines. pgs. 74-76
Contreras, Antonio P. et.al (2016) The Padayon Series: Understanding Culture, Society, and Politics.
Phoenix Publishing House. 927 Quezon Ave. Quezon City, Philippines. pgs. 154– 157
Croteau, D & Hoynes, W (2013) Experience Sociology. McGraw-Hill Publishing. Avenue of the
Americas, New York, NY, United States of America. pgs. 160 - 177
Madrid, R & Santarita, J. (2016) Understanding Culture, Society and Politics. Vibal Publishing. G.
Araneta Ave. Quezon City, Philippines. pg. 67

Disclaimer: This module is adapted and modified from the source materials listed in the references list. This is an
exclusive property of Philippine Christian University-Dasmariñas SHS and is provided only to enrolled students for
their academic use. This module is provided for free by the school through softcopy and/or printed media.
Reproduction of this module without official permission is prohibited.
 Prepared by: Checked by:
Mr. Kollene Albert D. Doncillo Mr. Kollene Albert D. Doncillo
Mr. Emmanuel Orense Social Science 11 Coordinator
Ms. Jea Castillo
Mr. Aldrin Picache
Mr. Christopher Jayson Ampoloquio
Mr. Ronald Mark Barredo
Mr. Renz Gerard Empino
Mr. Allan Prado
Ms. Marjorie Panghulan
Ms. April Magaoay
Ms. Noemi Guro
Subject Teachers

Noted by:
Mario S. Mecate,Ph.D
AVP, Basic Education Unit/SHS Principal

Disclaimer: This module is adapted and modified from the source materials listed in the references list. This is an
exclusive property of Philippine Christian University-Dasmariñas SHS and is provided only to enrolled students for
their academic use. This module is provided for free by the school through softcopy and/or printed media.
Reproduction of this module without official permission is prohibited.