Sociology in Action 1st Edition Korgen Test Bank 1

Korgen, Sociology in Action, 1e
SAGE Publishing, 2019
Sociology in Action 1st Edition

Korgen Test Bank
Full download at link: https://testbankpack.com/p/test-bank-for-
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Chapter 4: Recognizing Culture

Test Bank
Multiple Choice
1. A group or society’s characteristics that make it different from other groups or

societies refers to which of the following?
A. ethnographic attributes
B. social constructs
C. culture
D. religion
Ans: C
Learning Objective: 4-1: What is culture?
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Defining Culture
Difficulty Level: Easy
2. A foreign exchange student is placed with a family in Paris. While attending school in
France, she learns about Parisian history and language. Which of the following is
occurring?
A. She is adopting a new religion.
B. She is utilizing social media.
C. She is researching historical data.
D. She is experiencing culture.
Ans: D
Cognitive Domain: Application
Difficulty Level: Hard
3. Material culture includes things such as ______, while nonmaterial culture includes
______.
A. language; fashion
B. fashion; language
C. values; physical objects
D. symbols; tools
Ans: B
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Difficulty Level: Medium
4. How do flat-screen TVs relate to culture?

A. They are a nonmaterial aspect of a society.
B. They exemplify nonmaterial technology of a society.
C. They reflect the values of a material culture.
D. They express the language of a material culture.
Ans: C
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
5. A group of people interact via text messaging on their cell phones. Which of the
following are they using to communicate?
A. material culture
B. social construction
C. social intelligence
D. social beliefs
Ans: A
6. A group of close friends have devised their own set of hand signals to communicate
with each other without anyone else understanding. How would sociologists explain
this?
A. The group is using material culture to create a new set of symbols.
B. The group has socially constructed their own meanings.
C. The group has developed their own access to resources.
D. The group is providing a sense of belonging to each other.
Ans: B

Answer Location: Constructing Culture
7. Which of the following is true about culture?

A. It is socially constructed.
B. There is a lack of conformity.
C. It is always inherited.
D. There is a lack of uniqueness.
Ans: A
8. While at a restaurant, a female server must smile at all customers in order to appear
friendly and approachable, even if she is not in the mood to do so. This is an example of
a societal ______.
A. exception
B. rule
C. norm
D. anomaly
Ans: C
Learning Objective: 4-2: What are some ways that the different elements of culture
influence everyday life?
Answer Location: Social Norms
9. When a person uses an expression such as “no one does that,” that individual is
using which concept?
A. dissonance
B. generalized other
C. stereotyping
D. social norming
Ans: B
10. Which of the following is characterized as the ability to act and think free from wider
society’s social constraints?
A. discourse
B. constraint
C. power
D. agency
Ans: D
11. If a person is caught stealing from a store, this person has broken one of societies
______.
A. mores
B. taboos
C. symbols
D. structures
Ans: A
12. Which of the following is transmitted when children are taught early on how to act in
public?
A. roles
B. mores
C. folkways
D. symbols
Ans: C
13. Rules of behavior that are considered acceptable by society and may change over
time and in different situations are called ______.
A. anomalies
B. symbols
C. norms
D. linguistic behaviors
Ans: C
14. A teenager talks with her parents about which college would be the best for her to
attend. Her parents argue that she should attend a local college in order to save money
by living at home, while she believes that she needs to learn how to take care of herself
while attending an out-of-state college. The teenager is exhibiting which of the
following?
A. social identity
B. social intelligence
C. subculture
D. agency
Ans: D
15. Most shoppers look for the end of the line to wait to pay for their items. How do they
arrive at this behavior?
A. They are fearful of breaking the law.
B. They are directed by the people who work in the store.
C. They follow other people and ask them what they should do.
D. They exercise the social norms they have learned about shopping.
Ans: D
16. A group attends a football game and sits on the side of the stadium reserved for
fans of the home team. When the referee makes a call against the home team, they all
look at each other and shake their heads, assuming they all feel the same about the
call. How would a sociologist explain these assumptions?
A. The fans are acting based on a sense of communal agency that requires them to
band together.
B. The fans understand that most people sitting on that side of the stadium share the
same opinions based on the generalized other.
C. The fans have developed their own set of values that everyone on that side of the
stadium must follow.
D. The fans must follow the mores of behavior for a typical football game.
Ans: B

17. In the United States, when a man occupies a high paying job, his ______ provides
him with a feeling of power and respect.
A. status
B. role
C. value
D. belief
Ans: A
Answer Location: Status and Roles
18. Which of the following best describes what a role is in society?

A. A gendered performance based on opportunity.
B. The proletarianization based on the increasing poverty of middle-class workers.
C. The type of job someone has and how much money they receive for it.
D. A socially expected behavior usually determined by an individual’s status.
Ans: D
Answer Location: Status and Roles
19. When society deems hard work and honesty as an attribute, they are assigning a(n)
______ to those categories of behavior.
A. achievement
B. belief
C. value
D. law
Ans: C
Answer Location: Values and Beliefs
20. Which of the following is an important element of culture?

A. population count
B. beliefs
C. geographic location
D. rigidity
Ans: B
21. Which of the following best describes a belief?

A. A thought or suggestion that society deems important.
B. Accepting that something is true.
C. A thought or suggestion that society rejects as absolute.
D. Accepting that something is true only when those in power say it is.
Ans: B
22. Something that has the same meaning for two or more people is called a(n) ______.
A. symbol
B. interaction
C. idea
D. language
Ans: A
Answer Location: Symbols and Language
23. People in the United States often fly the national flag as a(n) ______ of their
patriotism.
A. idea
B. symbol
C. expectation
D. justification
Ans: B
24. A series of symbols used to communicate meaning among people is called a(n)
______.
A. idea
B. language
C. belief
D. world view
Ans: B
25. Which of the following best describes the Sapir–Whorf hypothesis?

A. The representation of culture has a linguistic structure.
B. The structure of language affects the speaker’s world view and reality.
C. A study that argues the way someone speaks affects their chances of success.
D. A study that shows how speaking more than two languages is an intellectual
advantage.
Ans: B
26. National flags, fireworks, and picnics represent Independence Day in the United
States These are examples of ______.
A. symbols
B. norms
C. beliefs
D. folkways
Ans: A
27. A sociologist uses terms like “feminism,” “doing gender,” and “functionalism” to
describe different aspects of society. People who are not sociologists might have
trouble understanding these terms. How would the Sapir–Whorf hypothesis explain
this?
A. Language is learned automatically as an individual is exposed to it.
B. Sociologists use specific words to describe sociological concepts.
C. Language is based on the environment someone is in and does not change.
D. Sociologists have common symbols that they do not share with others.
Ans: B
28. Sociologist Gerhard Lenski argued that ______ is the driving force for the
development of society.
A. capital
B. religion
C. people
D. technology
Ans: D
Answer Location: Typology of Societies
29. A person whose subsistence comes largely from foraging and hunting would live in
what type of society?
A. hunter-gatherer
B. pastoral
C. industrial
D. agricultural
Ans: A
Learning Objective: 4-3: How do societal types relate to variations in culture?
Answer Location: Hunter-Gatherers
30. A large, diverse society with an excess of food and resources for the wealthier
classes is a(n) ______ society.
A. horticultural
B. industrial
C. agrarian
D. modern
Ans: C
Answer Location: Agrarian Societies
31. A cultural group that exists within another, larger culture is a ______
A. material culture
B. fixed culture
C. homogenous culture
D. subculture
Ans: D
Answer Location: Subcultures and Multiculturalism
32. Culture for elite groups of people are called ______ cultures and _____ cultures are
those that exist among the common people.
A. fixed; low
B. low; fixed
C. high; popular
D. popular; high
Ans: C
33. How would a member of popular culture most likely spend their days?
A. managing a large business
B. traveling around the world
C. hunting for food
D. working in a factory
Ans: D
34. Which of the following best describes an industrial society?

A. large populations with a lot of diversity
B. large populations with a small amount of diversity
C. small populations with a lot of diversity
D. small populations with a small amount of diversity
Ans: A
Answer Location: Industrial and Postindustrial Societies
35. How does the ability to grow food impact the stability of a society?
A. The society is too busy working in the fields to create cultural artifacts.
B. The members of the society are able to build homes and settle down.
C. The roles and norms of the society center around survival.
D. The society is less able to utilize technological developments.

Ans: B
Answer Location: Horticultural/Pastoral Societies
36. A country’s culture changes over time as populations experience technological

growth, interact with other cultures, and face large-scale events such as economic
depressions or wars. Such experiences can change the perceptions of the world for
large groups of people at the same time. This is known as ______.
A. cultural variation
B. fixed culture
C. ethnic provincialism
D. homogenous cultural practices
Ans: A
Learning Objective: 4-4: How do changes to our culture shape our behaviors and ways
of viewing the world?
Answer Location: Considering Cultural Variations
37. How do changes in societal norms interact with the legal system?
A. Laws are written in order to change societal norms.
B. The norms of society remain constant while laws change to reflect crime rates.
C. New laws occur regularly whether norms change or not.
D. Changes in laws are a reflection of changes in norms.
Ans: D
Answer Location: Considering Cultural Variations
38. In Canada, both French and English are spoken. This is an example of ______.
A. multiculturalism
B. subculture
C. monoculture
D. nationalism
Ans: A
39. When a group in society expresses ideas, beliefs, values, and rules that conflict with
larger society, these groups would be considered a(n) ______.
A. counterculture
B. utopian culture
C. subculture
D. high culture
Ans: A
40. Immigrants enter another country and determine how they will fit into the larger
society. How would they fit in based on multiculturalism?
A. They would maintain their culture while respecting the dominant culture.
B. They would give up their culture and become part of the dominant culture.
C. They would maintain their culture and resist the dominant culture.
D. They would blend into the dominant culture and remember their former culture.
Ans: A
41. Sociologist, Franz Boas popularized the concept “cultural relativism.” Which of the
following statements best describes this concept?
A. Based on sociological research, cultures can be ranked as good or bad.
B. No culture can be ranked as better or worse than another.
C. Societies that allow for countercultures are more tolerant.
D. Multicultural societies are better than homogenous cultures.
Ans: B
Answer Location: Cultural Relativism and Global Culture
42. Which of the following is an example of cultural capital?

A. social intelligence
B. transnationalism
C. money
D. education
Ans: D
Answer Location: Cultural Capital and Social Intelligence
43. A person who is feeling negativity and disorder is experiencing which of the
following?
A. cultural expectations
B. dissonance
C. multiculturalism
D. harmony
Ans: B
Learning Objective: 4-5: In what ways can you use cultural capital to help both yourself
and society?
Answer Location: Culture and Identity
44. Every person has a unique set of traits, roles, and statuses, which are known as
______.
A. personal traits
B. cultural traits
C. social identities
D. fixed identities
Ans: C
and society?
45. A wealthy homeowner who professes to be accepting of others is displeased when

a minority family moves into the neighborhood. How could this be explained based on
dissonance?
A. The homeowner has deep beliefs on what is right and wrong.
B. The homeowner is distancing himself from the situation.
C. The homeowner has an inner conflict that must be resolved.
D. The homeowner is consistent in the views expressed.
Ans: C
and society?
46. Each country has a unique culture, but all societies have ______.
A. subcultures
B. cultural universals
C. multiculturalism
D. high cultures
Ans: B
and society?
47. A student states that technological societies are better than agrarian societies. How
would a sociologist respond based on cultural relativism?
A. Each society needs to be judged on its own merits rather than compared to each
other.
B. As societies progress, they get typically improve and grow.
C. Technological societies are the most advanced societies that can exist.
D. Agrarian societies establish stronger cultural bonds and should be judged
accordingly.
Ans: A
48. A person who can get along with others and understands social relationships
exemplifies ______.
A. wealth
B. social intelligence
C. identity
D. cultural capital
Ans: B
and society?
49. An individual who is able to accurately read the cues given off by others ______.
A. is developing a social identity
B. is following a cultural universal
C. has a high level of fiscal capital
D. has a high level of social intelligence
Ans: D
and society?
Answer Location: Social Intelligence
True/False
1. Cell phones are part of material culture.

Ans: T
2. Culture is created through interactions among people.

Ans: T
3. Norms are based on social expectations.

Ans: T
4. Mores refers to the ability to act independently of social constraints.

Ans: F
5. Hunter-gatherer societies are more likely to have intricate artifacts.

Ans: F
6. High culture includes fine arts and foods.

Ans: T
7. Subcultures are groups that work against the main culture.

Ans: F
8. People in multicultural societies respect differing cultures and honor their unique
contributions to a larger, “umbrella” culture.
Ans: T
9. A college degree is an example of cultural capital.

Ans: T
and society?
10. Social intelligence is the ability to understand social relationships and act
accordingly.
Ans: T
and society?
Answer Location: Social intelligence
Short Answer
1. Explain the difference between material and nonmaterial culture.

Ans: Varies. Nonmaterial culture includes concepts such as norms, values and beliefs,
symbols, and language. Material culture consists of artifacts ranging from tools to
products designed for leisure like cell phones, cars, and televisions. Material culture
reflects the values and beliefs of the people who live in a culture.
2. Discuss how culture is socially constructed.

Ans: Varies. Culture’s meaning is created through interactions among people using
language and other symbols. As social interactions change, culture changes with it.
3. Explain the relationship between norms and expectations.

Ans: Varies. Norms refer to expectations about the appropriate thoughts, feelings, and
behaviors of people in a variety of situations.
4. Differentiate between mores and folkways.

Ans: Varies. Mores refer to widely held beliefs about what is considered moral and just
behavior in society. Folkways refer to rules of behavior for common and routine
interactions.
5. What does the Sapir–Whorf hypothesis propose?

Ans: It notes that language influences our understanding of reality above-and-beyond
the meaning of its symbols.
6. Compare and contrast high culture and popular culture.

Ans: Varies. High culture is the culture of elites and includes music, art, and travel
based on wealth. Popular culture is the culture that exists among common people in a
society.
7. Why are hunter-gatherers thought of as indicators of a pre-society?

Ans: Varies. They lack the stability of place and time because they must move from
place to place in order to obtain the food and other supplies they need to live.
Essay
1. What are the characteristics of a subculture? Provide an example using high school
as the culture.
Ans: Varies. The answer should include subcultures are cultural groups that exist within
another, larger, culture. Members of subcultures accept many of the values and beliefs
of the larger culture while maintaining some unique ways of life.
2. Compare and contrast multiculturalism with counterculture. Provide examples of each

in your descriptions.
Ans: Varies. Multiculturalism occurs as people respect differing cultures in a society and
honor their unique contributions to a larger overarching culture that incorporates
multiple subcultures. In cases where one group in a society espouses rules, values, or
beliefs that conflict with the mainstream culture, they become a counterculture.
3. Explain the relationship between cultural capital and fiscal capital.

Ans: Varies. Cultural capital is a type of capital related to education, style, appearance,
and dress that promotes social mobility. Wealthier families with fiscal capital can provide
their children with an elite education, travel, music lessons, fine dining, language
immersion programs, and so on so that they can develop cultural capital as they grow
up. In turn, cultural capital can help us to gain employment and fiscal capital as we learn
to interact effectively with powerful members of society.
and society?
4. What are social identities and how do expectations influence them?

Ans: Varies. Social identities are the unique set of statuses, roles, and traits that each of
us has. We develop identities based on roles available to us. Individuals rarely accept
all of the cultural expectations associated with a given role in a culture. As a person
takes on a new position, he or she modifies the set of expectations, its role, by
incorporating elements of culture with our own, individual way of doing things.
and society?

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Korgen, Sociology in Action, 1e

SAGE Publishing, 2019

Sociology in Action 1st Edition

Chapter 4: Recognizing Culture

1. A group or society’s characteristics that make it different from other groups or

Difficulty Level: Hard

4. How do flat-screen TVs relate to culture?

Cognitive Domain: Application

7. Which of the following is true about culture?

Difficulty Level: Medium

Answer Location: Social Norms

18. Which of the following best describes what a role is in society?

20. Which of the following is an important element of culture?

21. Which of the following best describes a belief?

25. Which of the following best describes the Sapir–Whorf hypothesis?

34. Which of the following best describes an industrial society?

D. The society is less able to utilize technological developments.

36. A country’s culture changes over time as populations experience technological

42. Which of the following is an example of cultural capital?

45. A wealthy homeowner who professes to be accepting of others is displeased when

1. Cell phones are part of material culture.

2. Culture is created through interactions among people.

3. Norms are based on social expectations.

4. Mores refers to the ability to act independently of social constraints.

5. Hunter-gatherer societies are more likely to have intricate artifacts.

6. High culture includes fine arts and foods.

7. Subcultures are groups that work against the main culture.

9. A college degree is an example of cultural capital.

1. Explain the difference between material and nonmaterial culture.

2. Discuss how culture is socially constructed.

3. Explain the relationship between norms and expectations.

4. Differentiate between mores and folkways.

5. What does the Sapir–Whorf hypothesis propose?

6. Compare and contrast high culture and popular culture.

7. Why are hunter-gatherers thought of as indicators of a pre-society?

2. Compare and contrast multiculturalism with counterculture. Provide examples of each

3. Explain the relationship between cultural capital and fiscal capital.

4. What are social identities and how do expectations influence them?

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