WORK-ENERGY-POWER JR.

IPE PHYSICS VOL-1

WORK - ENERGY-POWER
VERY SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS
1. State the conditions under which a force does no work. (TS-Mar-15)
Ans: A force does no work under the following conditions

Work done, W  F.S  FScos 
1) If the displacement (S) of the body is zero, then W = 0
2) If the angle (  ) between the force and displacement is 900, then W = 0
2. Define Work, Power and Energy. State their SI units.
Ans: Work: Work is said to be done by a force when a body undergoes displacement parallel to the line of
action of the force.
Work , W = FS cos θ ; SI unit : joule(J)
Power: Power is the rate of doing work .
W
Power , P= ; SI unit : joule / sec (or) watt(W)
t
Energy : Energy is defined as the ability or capacity of doing work.
SI unit : joule (J)
3. State the relation between the kinetic energy and momentum of a body.
p2
Ans: KE= where p = momentum, m = mass of the body , KE = Kinetic energy
2m
4. State the sign of work done by a force in the following.
(a) Work done by a man in lifting a bucket out of a well by means of a rope tied to the bucket.
(b) Work done by gravitational force in the above case.
Ans: (a) Positive. (b) Negative.
5. State the sign of work done by a force in the following.
(a) Work done by friction on a body sliding down an inclined plane.
(b) Work done by gravitational force in the above case.
Ans: (a) Negative. (b) Positive.
6. State the sign of work done by a force in the following
(a) Work done by an applied force on a body moving on a rough horizontal plane with uniform
velocity.
(b) Work done by the resistive force of air on a vibrating pendulum in bringing it to rest.
Ans: (a) Positive (b) Negative.
7. State, if each of the following statements is true or false. Give reasons for your answer.
(a) Total energy of an isolated system is always conserved, no matter what internal and
external forces on the body are present.
(b) The work done by earth’s gravitational force in keeping the moon in its orbit for its one
revolution is zero.
Ans: (a) True, Total energy of an isolated system is always conserved.No matter what internal and external forces
on the body are present.
(b) True, The work done by earth’s gravitational force in keeping the moon in its orbit for its one revolution
is zero.The gravitational force is always perpendicular to its direction of motion.
W=FScos90 0 =0

NARAYANA Page.No. 132

 JR.IPE PHYSICS VOL-1 WORK-ENERGY-POWER

8. Which physical quantities remains constant (May-2009)

(i) in elastic collision ? (ii) in inelastic collision?
Ans: (i) In elastic collision both linear momentum and kinetic energy are conserved(remains constant).
(ii) In inelastic collision only linear momentum is conserved(remains constant).

9. A body freely falling from a certain height ‘h’, after striking a smooth floor rebounds and raises
to a height h/2. What is the coefficient of restitution between the floor and the body?(TsMar-18)
h2 h/2 1
Ans: e  , h2 = h/2 and h1 = h , e  =
h1 h 2

10. What is the total displacement of a freely falling body, after successive rebounds from the same
place of ground, before it comes to stop? Assume that ‘e’ is the coefficient of restitution between
the body and the ground.
 1+e 2 
Ans: If a body is dropped freely from a certain height ‘h’, the distance it travels is S=  2 
h
 1 e 
but the total displacement of the body is ‘h’.

SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS

** 1) What is potential energy? Derive an expression for the gravitational potential energy.
Ans: Potential Energy:- Potential energy is defined as the energy possessed by a body by virtue of its
position or configuration.
Examples : Energy possessed by
1) Bird sitting on a branch of tree
2) Water stored in a dam.
3) Compressed spring
Expression for gravitational potential energy:
Consider a body of mass ‘m’ on the ground. Let the body be lifted vertically upwards through height ‘h’.

F h S  h 

Fg=mg

The minimum force required to lift the body is equal to its weight, F=mg.
Work done to lift the body (W) = FS cos θ
Since lifting force F & S are in the same direction   00 and cos 00  1
W= FS
W=mgh
This work done is stored as potential energy in the body.
 Potential energy = mgh.
NARAYANA Page.No. 133
 WORK-ENERGY-POWER JR.IPE PHYSICS VOL-1
**2) A lorry and a car moving with the same momentum are brought to rest by the application of brakes,
which provide equal retarding forces. Which of them will come to rest in shorter time? Which will
come to rest in less distance?
Δp Δp
Ans: Case-i : From Newton’s second law F=  Δt=
Δt F
Given that p and F are same. Hence t is also same.
 Both car and lorry comes to rest in same time interval.
Case-ii: From Work energy theorem, workdone W=change in kinetic energy.
p2
 F.S=ΔKE  FS= Given p and F are same.
2m
1 1
Hence S  i.e. distance travelled 
m mass
 Lorry (more mass) travel less distance before coming to rest.

**3) Distinguish between conservative and non-conservative forces with one example each
Ans: Conservative force :
1) A force is conservative, if the work done by the force on a body along any closed path is zero.
2) The work done by the conservative force on a body depends only on the initial and final positions
and does not depend on the path followed.
Example : Gravitational force, electrostatic force, magnetic force and spring force
Non-conservative force :
1) A force is non-conservative, if the work done by the force on a body along a closed path is not zero
2) The work done by the non conservative force on a body depends on the path followed.
Example : Frictional force, air resistance ,viscous force
***4) Show that in the case of one dimensional elastic collision, the relative velocity of approach of
two colliding bodies before collision is equal to the relative velocity of separation after collision.
Ans: “If the velocities of the objects involved in collision are along the same straight line before and after
collision then such collisions are known as one dimensional collisions”.
Consider two smooth spheres that are non-rotating and moving along a straight line joining their centres. Let
their masses be m1 and m2. They undergo one dimensional elastic collision .
Before collision, let their velocities be u1 and u2. After collision, let their final velocities be v1 and v2 respectively.
Assume that u1 > u2.

u1 u2 v1 v2
F1 F2 m2
m1 m2+ m1

a) Before Collision b) During Collision c) After Collision

In elastic collision both momentum and kinetic energy are conserved
From the law of conservation of linear momentum,
momentum of the system before collision = momentum of the system after the collision
m 1 u1 + m 2 u2 = m 1 v1 + m 2 v2
m1(u1 – v1) = m2(v2 – u2) .................. (1)
From the law of conservation of kinetic energy ,
kinetic energy of the system before collision = kinetic energy of the system after collision

NARAYANA Page.No. 134

 JR.IPE PHYSICS VOL-1 WORK-ENERGY-POWER
1 1 1 1
m1u12 + m 2 u 22 = m1v12 + m 2 v 22
2 2 2 2
m1  u12 - v12  = m 2  v 22 - u 22  .................. (2)
Dividing equation (2) with (1), we get
u12 - v12 v 22 - u 22
=
 u + v  u - v   v + u 2  v 2 - u 2 
 1 1 1 1 = 2
u1 - v1 v 2 - u 2  u1 - v1   v2 - u 2 
u1 + v1 = v2 + u 2  u1 - u 2 = v 2 - v1 .................. (3)

 relative velocity of approach   relative velocity of separation 

Hence,  = 
 before collision   after collision 

***5) Show that two equal masses undergo elastic collision will move at right angles after collision, if
the second body initially at rest.
Ans:.Consider two spheres of equal masses. Let the initial velocity of first sphere is u1 and that of second one
u2=0 (at rest). Let these spheres collide elastically and be moving in different directions which are making
angles  and  respectively with respect to initial line of motion.
Where m1  m2  m ; u1=u1 and u2=0
F1


m1
m1 m1
m2 
u1=u1
u1=0

According to the law of conservation of linear momentum F1

Total linear momentum of the system before collision = Total linear momentum of system after collision
mu1  0  mv1  mv 2  u1  v1  v2  (1)

 u1  v 21  v 2 2  2v1v2 cos(   ) .....  (2) (    is the angle between v 1 , v 2 ).

From the law of conservation of kinetic energy .
KE of the system before collision = KE of the system after collision
1 2 1 1 1
mu1  m(0)2  mv12  mv22
2 2 2 2
 u12  v12  v22  u1  v12  v2 2 ............... (3)
From (2), (3) equations

NARAYANA Page.No. 135

 WORK-ENERGY-POWER JR.IPE PHYSICS VOL-1

v12  v22  v12  v22  2v1v2 cos    

 v12  v22  v12  v22  2v1v2 cos(   )

 2v1v2 cos(   )  0
As v1  0 and v2  0  cos(   )  0
     90
i.e. they move at right angles to each other after the elastic collision.
6) Derive an expression for the height attained by a freely falling body after ‘n’ number of rebounds
from the floor.
Ans :Let a small sphere is dropped freely from a height ‘h’ on to the floor. It strikes the floor with a velocity u1 so
that u1  2 gh
During this collision between the sphere and the floor, the initial and the final velocities of the floor are zero
i.e., u2= 0 and v2= 0
Let v1 be the final velocity of the sphere after rebounds for the 1st time.
v2  v1 0  v1
Coefficient of restitution ; e  u  u ; e  2 gh  0  v1  e 2 gh
1 2

– ve sign indicates that the sphere rebounds in upward direction.

m
The height (h1) attained by the sphere after 1st rebound O
2
v1 (e 2 gh ) 2 e 2 (2 gh)
h1     (e 2 )1 h h
2g 2g 2g
h1 v2 h2
h1   e h
2 1
hn
u1 v1 v3
The height (h2) attained by the sphere after 2nd rebound
 h2   e 2  h
2

Similarly the height (hn)attained by the sphere after nth rebound hn  e2n h
7)* Explain the law of conservation of energy.
Ans : “The total mechanical energy of a system is constant, if the internal forces doing work on it are conservative
and the external forces do no work”.
If some of the forces involved are non-conservative, part of the mechanical energy may get transformed into
other forms such as heat, light and sound. However, the total energy of an isolated system does not change,
including all forms of energy.
Energy may be transformed from one form to another but the total energy of an isolated system remains
constant. Energy can neither be created, nor destroyed.
Since the universe as a whole may be viewed as an isolated system, the total energy of the
universe remains constant. If one part of the universe loses energy, another part must gain an
equal amount of energy.
The principle of conservation of energy cannot be proved. However, no violation of this principle has been
observed.

NARAYANA Page.No. 136

 JR.IPE PHYSICS VOL-1 WORK-ENERGY-POWER

ADDITIONAL SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS

1. Define Kinetic Energy. Derive an expression for it
Ans: Kinetic Energy:Kinetic energy is the energy possessed by a body by virtue of its motion. It is measured by
the amount of work that the body can do against an opposing force acting on it before coming to rest.
Examples of Kinetic Energy: (1) A vehicle in motion. (2) Water flowing in a river.
(3) A bullet fired from a gun. (4) A satellite going around the earth.
Expression for kinetic energy: Consider a body of mass ‘m’ moving with a velocity ‘v’. Suppose a
uniform force opposes the motion to bring the body to rest after a displacement ‘s’. Let a is the retardation
possessed by the body due to the opposing force.
v 2
From v 2  u 2  2as  0  v 2  2as  a  .
2s
 mv 2
The opposing force on the body F  ma 
2s
From Newton’s third law of motion,
  mv 2  mv 2
The reaction force by the body , F    
 2s  2s
Work done by the body against the opposing force acting on it is
 mv 2  1 2
W = Fs =   s  W  mv
 2s  2
Which is equal to the kinetic energy gained by the body.
1 2
 KE= mv
2
The SI unit of kinetic energy is joule and its dimensional formula is  ML T 
2 2

LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS

***1) Develop the notions of work and kinetic energy and show that it leads to work-energy
theorem. (Mar 2014,17, TS-Mar-15)
Ans : Work: Work is said to be done by a force when a body undergoes displacement parallel to the line of
action of the force. W  F .S  FS cos 
Kinetic energy: Kinetic energy is defined as the energy possessed by a body by virtue of its motion
1 2
KE  mv
2
Eg: i) A vehicle in motion ii) water flowing in a river ;etc.,
Work energy theorem:
Statement: The work done on a particle by a resultant force is equal to the change in its
kinetic energy.
Proof: consider a particle of mass ‘m’ moving with an initial velocity ‘u’. When a constant resultant force
‘F’ acts on it, it moves with uniform acceleration ‘a’ and attains velocity ‘v’ after t sec. Let ‘s’ be the
displacement of the particle.
From equations of motion v 2  u 2  2as
m
Multiplying the above equation with on both sides
2
NARAYANA Page.No. 137
 WORK-ENERGY-POWER JR.IPE PHYSICS VOL-1

m 2 m 1 1
 v  u 2    2 as   mv 2  mu 2  mas
2 2 2 2
1 1
 mv 2  mu 2  Fs. Here workdone W=Fs
2 2
1 2 1
  mv  mu  W
2

2 2
The above equation gives relation between work and kinetic energy.
(or) K f - K i = W
Where Ki and Kf are the initial and final kinetic energies of the object respectively.
**2) What are collisions? Explain the possible types of collisions? Develop the theory of one dimensional
elastic collision. [ Mar 05, 06,May-14](TsMar-18)
Ans : A strong interaction between bodies which involves exchange of momenta is called collision. They are two
types (1) Elastic collision, (2) Inelastic collision
Elastic collisions: The collisions in which both momentum and kinetic energy are conserved are known as
elastic collisions.
Inelastic collisions : The collisions in which kinetic energy is not conserved but momentum is conserved are
known as inelastic collisions. Here the loss of kinetic energy appears in the form of heat or other forms of
energy.
Perfectly inelastic collisions: When two bodies move together after collision, the collision is said to be
perfectly inelastic.
One Dimensional Elastic Collision : If the velocities of the objects involved in collision are along the same
straight line before and after collisions then such collisions are known as one dimensional collisions.
Consider two smooth spheres moving along a straight line joining their centres. Let m1 and m2 are
the masses of the two bodies . Suppose they undergo one dimensional elastic collision . Before collision, let
u1 and u2 are their velocities . After collision, let v1 and v2 are their final velocities . Assume that u1 > u 2 .

u1 u2 v1 v2
F1 F2 m2
m1 m2+ m1

(a) Before Collision (b) During Collision (c) After Collision

From the law of conservation of linear momentum,
momentum of the system before collision = momentum of the system after collision
m 1 u1 + m 2 u2 = m 1 v1 + m 2 v2
m1(u1 – v1) = m2(v2 – u2) .................. (1)
In case of elastic collision, kinetic energy is also conserved. Hence,
kinetic energy of the system before collision = kinetic energy of the system after collision
1 1 1 1
m1u12 + m 2 u 22 = m1v12 + m 2 v 22
2 2 2 2
m1  u12 - v12  = m 2  v 22 - u 22  .................. (2)
Dividing equation (2) with (1), we get
u12 - v12 v 22 - u 22
=
 u + v  u - v   v + u 2  v 2 - u 2 
 1 1 1 1 = 2
u1 - v1 v 2 - u 2  u1 - v1   v2 - u 2 

NARAYANA Page.No. 138

 JR.IPE PHYSICS VOL-1 WORK-ENERGY-POWER

u1 + v1 = v2 + u 2  u1 - u 2 = v 2 - v1 .................. (3)
Hence,
relative velocity of approach = relative velocity of separation
before collision after collision
From equation (3) we get v 2 = u1 - u 2 + v1 , .................. (4)
Substituting equation (4) in equation (1), we get
m1  u1 - v1  = m2  u1 - u 2 + v1 - u 2 

m1u1 - m1 v1 = m 2 u 1 + m 2 v1 - 2m 2 u 2

v1  m1 + m 2  = u1  m1 - m 2  + 2m 2 u 2

 m - m2   2m 2 
v1 =  1  u1 +   u 2 .................. (5)
 m1 + m 2   m1 + m 2 

Again, from equation (3), we get v1 = v 2 + u 2 - u1

Substituting v1 in equation (1), we get
m1  u1 - v 2 - u 2 + u1  = m 2  v 2 - u 2 

2m1u1 - m1u 2 - m1v 2 = m2 v2 - m2 u 2

 m1 + m 2  v2 = 2m1u1 +  m 2 - m1  u 2
 m - m1   2m1 
v2 =  2  u2    u1 ................... (5)
 m1 + m 2   m1 + m 2 
From equations (4) and (5), it is concluded that the final velocities of both the bodies depend on their initial
velocities and masses.
***3)State the law of conservation of energy and verify it in case of a freely falling body. What are the
conditions under which the law of conservation of energy is applicable?
[Jun-15,Mar -06, 09, 11,13,15,16,18, May 09,11,13,16,TS-Jun-15,TS-Mar-16,17, TS-May-16]
Ans: Law of conservation of mechanical energy:
Statement: “The total mechanical energy of a system is constant, if the internal forces doing work on it are
conservative and the external forces do no work”.
A
Verification in the case of freely falling body:
Consider a ball of mass ‘m’ dropped freely from a height ‘H’.  x
The total mechanical energy of the ball E is given by E=K+U H B
where K is the kinetic energy ,U is the potential energy of the ball.  H-x
Let A, B, C be the points at a height H, H-x and on the ground
respectively as shown in the figure. C
At A :
height of the ball = H, velocity of the ball = vA= 0, distance travelled by the ball =0
1 2 1
mv A  m  0   0 potential energy of the ball U=mgH
2
Kinetic energy of the ball K 
2 2

NARAYANA Page.No. 139

 WORK-ENERGY-POWER JR.IPE PHYSICS VOL-1
The total energy at A is EA = K + U
EA = 0 + mgH
EA = mgH ----- (1)
At B :
height of the ball = H-x, velocity of the ball= vB, distance travelled by the ball = x

From vB2  v A2  2as; vB2  02  2 gx

 vB2  2 gx
1 2 1
The kinetic energy of the ball , K  mvB  m  2gx  =mgx
2 2
The potential energy of the ball, U  mg ( H  x ) = mgH - mgx
The total energy of the ball, EB = U + K
EB = mgH - mgx + mgx
EB = mgH ------------------ (2)
At C:
height of the ball = 0, velocity of the ball = vc, distance travelled by the ball = H
From vc2 - vA2 = 2as
vC2 - 0 2 = 2gH  vc2  2 gH
1 1
Kinetic energy of the ball , K mvc2 = m  2 gH  = mgH
2 2
Potential energy of the ball, U  mgh  0  h  0
The total energy of the ball, Ec  K  U
Ec = mgH + 0
Ec = mgH ------------- (3)
From equations (1),(2) & (3) it can be concluded that the total mechanical energy of the ball remains
constant under the action of gravitational force which is a conservative force .
Conditions :
1)The total mechanical energy of the system remains constant, under the action of the conservative forces.
2)The total mechanical energy of the system is not constant, under the action of non - conservative forces.

PROBLEMS
1. A test tube of mass 10 grams closed with a cork of mass 1 gram contains some ether. When the
test tube is heated the cork flies out under the pressure of the ether gas. The test tube is
suspended horizontally by a weight less rigid bar of length 5 cm. What is the minimum velocity
with which the cork should fly out of the tube, so that test tube describing a full vertical circle
about the point O. Neglect the mass of ether.
Ans :Mass of cork m1 = 1 g = 0.001 kg
Mass of test tube m2 = 10 g = 0.01 kg
Length of the light rigid bar ,L = 5 cm = 0.05 m
u = initial velocity of the system = 0
v1 = velocity of ejection of the cork =?
g = 10 m/s2

NARAYANA Page.No. 140

 JR.IPE PHYSICS VOL-1 WORK-ENERGY-POWER

As the test tube has to perform vertical circular motion, velocity of the test tube v2  5 gL
As no external forces are acting total linear momentum of the system is conserved .
 m1  m2  u  m1v1  m2v2
m2 v2 0.01( 5  10  0.05)
v1   v1   v1  5 10ms 1
m1 0.001
2. A machine gun fires 360 bullets per minute and each bullet travels with a velocity of 600 ms 1 .
If the mass of each bullet is 5 gm. find the power of the machine gun?
Ans: Let velocity of each bullet be v = 600 ms 1 . (Mar-13,14,16,18,May-13,16,Jun-15)
Power = ?
Mass of each bullet, m = 5gm = 5  103 kg
No. of bullets fired n = 360
Time t = 1 minute = 60 s
1 mnv 2 1 0.005  360  600  600
Power  P   
2 t 2 60
Power = 5400 W = 5.4 kw
3. Find the useful power used in pumping 3425 m3 of water per hour from a well 8 m deep to the
surface, supposing 40% of the horse power during pumping is wasted. What is the horse
power of the engine?
Ans: Volume of the water to be pumped is V= 3425 m3
Density of water, d = 1000 kg / m3
Mass of the water that has to be pumped is M = (volume) density = (3425)103 kg
g = 10 m/s2 , height , h = 8m , time = 1 hour = 3600 seconds, 1 hp = 746 w
60 100 M gh
Useful power Pu seful  Pto ta l  Pto ta l 
1 00 60 t

100  3425  103  10  8  126 103

PTotal    126 10 w =
3
 H.P  168H.P
60  3600  746
4. A pump is required to lift 600 kg of water per minute from a well 25 m deep and to eject it with
a speed of 50 ms-1 . Calculate the power required to perform the above task?
Ans: Mass of water that has to be lifted is M = 600 kg (Mar-07,15, TS-Mar-16)
Height to be lifted , h = 25 m
g = 10 m/s2 , velocity of ejection v = 50 ms , time = 60 seconds
-1

1 1
Mgh  Mv 2 600 10  25   600  50  50
Power , P  2  2 = 15000 W = 15 KW
t 60
5. A block of mass 5 kg initially at rest at the origin is acted on by a force along the positive X-
direction represented by F  (20  5 x) N .Calculate the work done by the force during the
displacement of the block from x = 0 to x = 4 m.
Ans: As the force is linearly increasing with displacement, we can use the average force to calculate the work.
Fi = 20 N, Ff = 40 N; hence the average force is 30 N and displacement is 4 m and the average force
and displacement are in the same direction

NARAYANA Page.No. 141

 WORK-ENERGY-POWER JR.IPE PHYSICS VOL-1

 Fi  F f 
W  S = (30) 4 = 120J
 2 
Alternate method :
xf 4
4
 5x2 
W  F  x  dx    20  5 x  dx   20 x   120J
xi 0  2  0
6. A block of mass 5 kg is sliding down a smooth inclined plane as shown. The spring arranged near
the bottom of the inclined plane has a force constant 600 N/m. Find the compression in the
spring at the moment the velocity of the block is maximum?
Ans: The block is coming down under the action of a force is mg sin  = 5 x 10 x 3/5 = 30 N.
The spring force acting on it is “Kx” , which is a variable force. g= 10 m/s2
From work-energy theorem along inclined surface
1
m  v 2 - u 2  =  mg sinθ - Kx  s (u = 0, v = 0 ) 5m
2
3m

 mg sin θ  Kx 4m
3  3
mg sin θ
 10  sin   5 
x  5  1 m  5cm.
K 600 20
K
7. A force F   ( x  0) acts on a particle along the X-axis. Find the work done by the force in
x2
displacing the particle from x = +a to x = +2a. Take K as a positive constant.
K
Ans: The force acting on the particle is given by F   ( x  0)
x2
The work done by this variable force in moving the particle from a to 2a is
2a 2a 2a
K
W =  dW =  Fdx = -x 2
dx
a a a
2a 2a
2a
1  x 2 1  1
 K  dx= - K   K  
 2  1  a
2
a
x  x a
 1 1 K
 K    
 2a a  2a

8. A force F acting on a particle varies with the position x +2b

as shown in the graph. Find the workdone by the force
in displacing the particle from x =  a to x = +2a? (F)
-a
Ans: We can find the work in two parts through the areas (x) +2a
using (1/2)baseheight. -b
The work done in moving from x =  a to x = 0 is W1 = (1/2)ab
and the work done in moving from x = 0 to x = +2a is W2 = (1/2)(2a)(2b) = +2ab.
Hence the net work done is W = W1 + W2 = 3ab/2

NARAYANA Page.No. 142

 JR.IPE PHYSICS VOL-1 WORK-ENERGY-POWER
9. From a height of 20 m above a horizontal floor, a ball is thrown down with initial velocity 20 m/s.
After striking the floor, the ball bounces to the same height from which it was thrown. The
coefficient of restitution for the collision between the ball and the floor is (g = 10 m/s2)
Ans: e = velocity of bouncing/velocity of striking
The striking velocity is obtained with u12  u 2  2as
Here u = 20 m/s , a = g = 10 m/s2 ,s = h = 20 m u=20 m/s
.
U 12  2 0 2  2  1 0  2 0 h=20m
U 1  20 2m / s
As it rises to 20 m, the bouncing velocity v1
u1
given by v1   2gh   20m/s
u2=0 v2=0
e = velocity of bouncing/velocity
v 2  v1 v1 20 1
of striking  e  u  u   u   e 
1 2 1 20 2 2

10. A ball falls from a height of 10 m on to a hard horizontal floor and repeatedly bounces. If the
1
coefficient of restitution is , What is the total distance travelled by the ball before it ceases
2
to rebound?
1
Ans: Given h = 10 m , coefficient of restitution e 
2
  1 
2

1  
 2 
d  h
 1  e2  d  10  
Total distance travelled before it ceases to rebound is      1 
2  = 30 m
 1 e 
2
 1   
  2  
ADDITIONAL PROBLEMS
1. The sign of work done by a force on a body is important to understand. State carefully if the
following quantities are positive or negative:
(a) work done by a man in lifting a bucket out of a well by means of a rope tied to the bucket.
(b) work done by gravitational force in the above case,
(c) work done by friction on a body sliding down on an inclined plane,
(d) work done by an applied force on a body moving on a rough horizontal plane with uniform
velocity,
(e) work done by the resistive force of air on a vibrating pendulum in bringing it to rest.
Ans: (a) Positive: In the given case, force and displacement are in the same direction. Hence, the sign of
workdone is positive. In this case, the work is done on the bucket.
(b) Negative: In the given case, the direction of force (vertically downward) and displacement (vertically
upward) are opposite to each other. Hence, the sign of work done is negative.
(c) Negative: Since the direction of frictional force is opposite to the direction of motion, the work done
by frictional force is negative in this case.
(d) Positive: Here the body is moving on a rough horizontal plane. Frictional force opposes the motion
of the body. Therefore, in order to maintain a uniform velocity, a uniform force must be applied to the
body. Since the applied force acts in the direction of motion of the body, the work done is positive.

NARAYANA Page.No. 143

 WORK-ENERGY-POWER JR.IPE PHYSICS VOL-1
(e) Negative: The resistive force of air acts in the direction opposite to the direction of motion of the
pendulum. Hence, the work done is negative in this case.

2. A body of mass 2 kg initially at rest moves under the action of an applied horizontal force of 7 N
on a table with coefficient of kinetic friction = 0.1.Calculate the
(a) work done by the applied force in 10 s,
(b) work done by friction in 10 s,
(c) work done by the net force on the body in 10 s,
(d) change in kinetic energy of the body in 10 s, and interpret your results.
Ans: Mass of the body, m = 2 kg, Applied force F = 7 N
Coefficient of kinetic friction µ = 0.1, Initial velocity u = 0,Time t = 10 s
The acceleration produced in the body by the applied force is given by Newton’s second law of motion

as:
Frictional force is given as: f = µmg = 0.1 × 2 × 9.8 = – 1.96 N
f 1.96
The acceleration produced by the frictional force: a "     0.98 m/s 2
m 2
Total acceleration of the body: a  a1  a11  3.5   0.98   2.52m / s 2
The distance travelled by the body is given by the equation of motion:
1 1
s  ut  at 2  0   2.52  10   126m
2

2 2
(a) Work done by the applied force, Wa = F × s = 7 × 126 = 882 J
(b) Work done by the frictional force, Wf = f × s = –1.96 × 126 = –247 J
(c)Net force = 7 + (–1.96) = 5.04 N
Work done by the net force, Wnet= 5.04 ×126 = 635 J
(d) From the first equation of motion, final velocity can be calculated as:
v = u + at= 0 + 2.52 × 10 = 25.2 m/s
1
 2  25.2   635 J
2
Change in kinetic energy =
2
3. Given in Fig are examples of some potential energy functions in one dimension. The total energy
of the particle is indicated by a cross on the ordinate axis. In each case, specify the regions, if any,
in which the particle cannot be found for the given energy. Also, indicate the minimum total energy,
the particle must have in each case. Think of simple physical contexts for which these potential
energy shapes are relevant.
U( r) U(x)
U3
U0
U0

a x x
U(x) = U(a) a c b d

U(x) U(x)

U0 U0

o
b b x
a b x 
2 
a

a
2
-U1 2 -U1 2

NARAYANA Page.No. 144

 JR.IPE PHYSICS VOL-1 WORK-ENERGY-POWER

Ans: (a)x > a; 0

Total energy of a system is given by the relation:
E = P.E. + K. E.  KE = E – P.E.
Kinetic energy of a body is a positive quantity. It cannot be negative. Therefore, the particle will not exist
in a region where K.E. becomes negative.
In the given case, the potential energy (U0) of the particle becomes greater than total energy (E) for x >
a.Hence, kinetic energy becomes negative in this region. Therefore, the particle will not exist in this region.
The minimum total energy of the particle is zero.
(b)All regions
In the given case, the potential energy (U0) is greater than total energy (E) in all regions. Hence, the
particle will not exist in this region.
(c)x < a and x > b; –U1
In the given case, the condition regarding the positivity of KE is satisfied only in the region between x > a and
x < b.
The minimum potential energy in this case is –U1. Therefore, KE = E – (–U1) = E + U1. Therefore, for
the positivity of the kinetic energy, the total energy of the particle must be greater than –U1. So, the
minimum total energy the particle must have is –U1.
b a a b
(d)   x ;  x .
2 2 2 2
In the given case, the potential energy (U0) of the particle becomes greater than the total energy (E)
b a a b
for )   x   ;  x  . Therefore, the particle will not exist in these regions.
2 2 2 2
The minimum potential energy in this case is –U1. Therefore, K.E. = E – (–U1) = E + U1. Therefore, for
the positivity of the kinetic energy, the total energy of the particle must be greater than –U1. So, the
minimum total energy the particle must have is –U1.

4. The potential energy function for a particle executing linear V(x)

simple harmonic motion is given by V(x) =Kx2/2, where K is
the force constant of the oscillator. For K = 0.5 N m–1, the
graph of V(x) versus x is shown in Fig.. Show that a particle
of total energy 1 J moving under this potential must ‘turn
back’ when it reaches x = ± 2 m.
x
Ans : 4 Total energy of the particle, E = 1 J, Force constant K = 0.5 N m–1

Kinetic energy of the particle, K =

According to the conservation law:
1 2 1 2
E = V + K 1 Kx  mv
2 2
At the moment of ‘turn back’, velocity (and hence K) becomes zero.
1 2 1
1 Kx  1   0.5 x 2  x 2  4  x  2
2 2
Hence, the particle turns back when it reaches x = ± 2 m.

NARAYANA Page.No. 145

 WORK-ENERGY-POWER JR.IPE PHYSICS VOL-1

5. Answer the following:

(a) The casing of a rocket in flight burns up due to friction. At whose expense is the heat energy
required for burning obtained? The rocket or the
atmosphere?
(b) Comets move around the sun in highly elliptical
orbits. The gravitational force on the comet due to 15 kg
the sun is not normal to the comet’s velocity in general. 15 kg
Yet the work done by the gravitational force over every
(I) (ii)
complete orbit of the comet is zero. Why?
(c) An artificial satellite orbiting around the earth in very thin atmosphere loses its energy
gradually due to dissipation against atmospheric resistance, however small. Why then does its
speed increase progressively as it comes closer and closer to the earth?
(d) In Fig. (i) the man walks 2 m carrying a mass of 15 kg on his hands. In Fig. (ii), he walks the
same distance pulling the rope behind him. The rope goes over a pulley, and a mass of 15 kg
hangs at its other end. In which case is the work done greater?
Ans : a) Rocket
The burning of the casing of a rocket in flight (due to friction) results in the reduction of the mass of the
rocket.
According to the conservation of energy:
1 2
Total Energy (T.E) = Potential energy (P.E) + Kinetic energy (K.E)= mgh  mv
2
The reduction in the rocket’s mass causes a drop in the total energy. Therefore, the heat energy required
for the burning is obtained from the rocket.
(b) Gravitational force is a conservative force. Since the work done by a conservative force over a
closed path is zero,the work done by the gravitational force over every complete orbit of a comet is zero.
(c) When an artificial satellite, orbiting around earth, moves closer to earth, its potential energy decreases
because of the reduction in the height. Since the total energy of the system remains constant, the reduction
in P.E. results in an increase in K.E. Hence, the velocity of the satellite increases. However, due to
atmospheric friction, the total energy of the satellite decreases by a small amount.
(d) In the second case
Case (i) Mass, m = 15 kg , Displacement s = 2 m
Work done, W  Fs cos  , Where   Angle between force and displacement

Case (ii) Mass m = 15 kg, Displacement s = 2 m

Here, the direction of the force applied on the rope and the direction of the displacement of the rope are
same.
Therefore, the angle between them, θ = 0° Since cos 0° = 1
Work done, W = Fs cosθ = mgs = 15 × 9.8 × 2 = 294 J
Hence, more work is done in the second case.
6. Underline the correct alternative:
(a) When a conservative force does positive work on a body, the potential energy of the body
increases/decreases/remains unaltered.
(b) Work done by a body against friction always results in a loss of its kinetic/potential energy.
(c) The rate of change of total momentum of a many-particle system is proportional to the
external force/sum of the internal forces on the system.

NARAYANA Page.No. 146

 JR.IPE PHYSICS VOL-1 WORK-ENERGY-POWER

(d) In an inelastic collision of two bodies, the quantities which do not change after the collision
are the total kinetic energy/total linear momentum/total energy of the system of two bodies.
Ans : (a)Decreases: A conservative force does a positive work on a body when it displaces the body in the
direction of force. As a result, the body advances toward the centre of force. It decreases the separation
between the two, thereby decreasing the potential energy of the body.
(b)Kinetic energy: The work done against the direction of friction reduces the velocity of a body.
Hence, there is a loss of kinetic energy of the body.
(c)External force: Internal forces, irrespective of their direction, cannot produce any change in the total
momentum of a body. Hence, the total momentum of a many- particle system is proportional to the
external forces acting on the system.
(d)Total linear momentum: The total linear momentum always remains conserved whether it is an
elastic collision or an inelastic collision.
7. State if each of the following statements is true or false. Give reasons for your answer.
(a) In an elastic collision of two bodies, the momentum and energy of each body is conserved.
(b) Total energy of a system is always conserved, no matter what internal and external forces
on the body are present.
(c) Work done in the motion of a body over a closed loop is zero for every force in nature.
(d) In an inelastic collision, the final kinetic energy is always less than the initial kinetic energy
of the system.
Ans : (a)False : In an elastic collision, the total energy and momentum of both the bodies, and not of each
individual body, is conserved.
(b)False:Although internal forces are balanced, they cause no work to be done on a body.It is the external
forces that have the ability to do work. Hence, external forces are able to change the energy of a system.
(c)False : The work done in the motion of a body over a closed loop is zero for a conservative force only.
(d)True : In an inelastic collision, the final kinetic energy is always less than the initial kinetic energy of the
system. This is because in such collisions, there is always a loss of energy in the form of heat, sound, etc.
8. Answer carefully, with reasons:
(a) In an elastic collision of two billiard balls, is the total kinetic energy conserved during the
short time of collision of the balls (i.e. when they are in contact)?
(b) Is the total linear momentum conserved during the short time of an elastic collision of two
balls?
(c) What are the answers to (a) and (b) for an inelastic collision?
(d) If the potential energy of two billiard balls depends only on the separation distance between
their centres, is the collision elastic or inelastic? (Note, we are talking here of potential energy
corresponding to the force during collision, not gravitational potential energy).
Ans : (a) No: In an elastic collision, the total initial kinetic energy of the balls will be equal to the total final
kinetic energy of the balls. This kinetic energy is not conserved at the instant the two balls are in contact
with each other. In fact, at the time of collision, the kinetic energy of the balls will get converted into
potential energy.
(b)Yes: In an elastic collision, the total linear momentum of the system always remains conserved.
(c)No; Yes
In an inelastic collision, there is always a loss of kinetic energy, i.e., the total kinetic energy of the billiard
balls before collision will always be greater than that after collision.
The total linear momentum of the system of billiards balls will remain conserved even in the case of an
inelastic collision.
(d)Elastic: In the given case, the forces involved are conservative. This is because they depend on the
separation between the centres of the billiard balls. Hence, the collision is elastic.

NARAYANA Page.No. 147

 WORK-ENERGY-POWER JR.IPE PHYSICS VOL-1
9. A body is initially at rest. It undergoes one-dimensional motion with constant acceleration. The
power delivered to it at time t is proportional to
1 3
(i) (ii) t (iii) (iv) t 2
t2 t2
Ans : v  u  at ; v  at
From
Power, P = F ×v  P =  ma  at   P  ma 2t
Since, m and a constant, P  t
10. A body is moving undirectionally under the influence of a source of constant power. Its
displacement in time t is proportional to
1 3
(i) (ii) t (iii) (iv) t 2
t2 t2
3
Ans : (iii)
t2
From , power = force × velocity  p =  MLT   LT  = constant
-2 -1

ML2 T -3 = constant
L2 T -3 = constant , i.e, L  T
-3/2

11. A body constrained to move along the z-axis of a coordinate system is subject to a constant
  
force(F) given by F   i  2 j  3 k N Where are unit vectors along the x-, y- and z-axis
of the system respectively. What is the work done by this force in moving the body a distance
of 4 m along the z-axis?
Ans : Force exerted on the body, Displacement, s = m
 ^ ^ ^
  ^
Work done, W = F.s    i  2 j  3 k  .  4 k   0  0  3  4 = 12J
  
Hence, 12 J of work is done by the force on the body.
12. An electron and a proton are detected in a cosmic ray experiment, the first with kinetic energy
10keV, and the second with 100 keV. Which is faster, the electron or the proton? Obtain the
ratio of their speeds. (electron mass = 9.11 × 10–31 kg, proton mass = 1.67 × 10–27 kg, 1 eV
=1.60× 10–19 J).
Ans : Electron is faster; Ratio of speeds is 13.54 : 1
Mass of the electron, me = 9.11 × 10–31 kg
Mass of the proton, mp = 1.67 × 10– 27 kg
Kinetic energy of the electron, EKe = 10 keV = 104 eV = 104 × 1.60 × 10–19 = 1.60 × 10–15 J
Kinetic energy of the proton, EKp = 100 keV = 105 eV = 1.60 × 10–14 J
For the velocity of an electron ve,its kinetic energy is given by the relation
1 2  EKe 2  1.60  1015
E Ke = mv e 2  ve   31
 5.93 107 m / s
2 m 9.1110
For the velocity of a proton vp, its kinetic energy is given by the relation:
1 2 2  EKp 2 1.6  1014
EKp  mv p  v p   27
 4.38 106 m/s
2 m 1.67 10
Hence, the electron is moving faster than the proton.

The ratio of their speeds:

NARAYANA Page.No. 148

 JR.IPE PHYSICS VOL-1 WORK-ENERGY-POWER
13. A rain drop of radius 2 mm falls from a height of 500 m above the ground. It falls with
decreasing acceleration (due to viscous resistance of the air) until at half its original height, it
attains its maximum (terminal) speed, and moves with uniform speed thereafter. What is the
work done by the gravitational force on the drop in the first and second half of its journey?
What is the work done by the resistive force in the entire journey if its speed on reaching the
ground is 10 m s–1?
Ans : Radius of the rain drop, r = 2 mm = 2 × 10–3 m

Volume of the rain drop,

Density of water, ρ = 103 kg m–3
Mass of the rain drop, m = ρV

Gravitational force, F = mg =
The work done by the gravitational force on the drop in the first half of its journey:

WI = Fs = × 250 = 0.082 J
This amount of work is equal to the work done by the gravitational force on the drop in the second half of
its journey, i.e., WII, = 0.082 J
As per the law of conservation of energy, if no resistive force is present, then the total energy of the rain
drop will remain the same.
 Total energy at the top:

ET = mgh + 0 = × 500 = 0.164 J

Due to the presence of a resistive force, the drop hits the ground with a velocity of 10 m/s.
 Total energy at the ground:

1 4
   3.14   2  103  105
3

2 3
 1.675 103 J

 Work done by Resistive force = EG – ET = –0.162 J

14. A molecule in a gas container hits a horizontal wall with speed 200 m s –1 and angle 30° with the
normal, and rebounds with the same speed. Is momentum conserved in the collision? Is the
collision elastic or inelastic?
Ans : Yes; Collision is elastic
The momentum of the gas molecule remains conserved whether the collision is elastic or inelastic.
The gas molecule moves with a velocity of 200 m/s and strikes at an angle 30O with the stationary wall of
the container,rebounding with the same speed.
It shows that the rebound velocity of the wall remains zero. Hence, the total kinetic energy of the
molecule remains conserved during the collision. The given collision is an example of an elastic collision.
NARAYANA Page.No. 149
 WORK-ENERGY-POWER JR.IPE PHYSICS VOL-1
15. A pump on the ground floor of a building can pump up water to fill a tank of volume 30 m3 in
15min. If the tank is 40 m above the ground, and the efficiency of the pump is 30%, how much
electric power is consumed by the pump?
Ans : Volume of the tank, V = 30 m3 ; Time of operation, t = 15 min = 15 × 60 = 900 s
Height of the tank, h = 40 m ; Efficiency of the pump, = 30%
Density of water, ρ = 10 kg/m ;
3 3
Mass of water, m = ρV = 30 × 103 kg
Output power can be obtained as:
Workdone mgh 30 103  9.8  40
P0     13.067 103
Time t 900
For input power Pi, efficiency is given by the relation:
P 13.067
  0  30%  Pt   100  103  0.436  105 W = 43.6kW
Pt 30
16. Two identical ball bearings in contact with each 1 23 23
(I)
other and resting on a frictionless table are hit v
v v=0
head-on by another ball bearing of the same
2
mass moving initially with a speed V. If the
12 3
collision is elastic, which of the following figure
(ii)
is a possible result after collision? v =0 v
Ans : Case (ii): It can be observed that the total momentum before
and after collision in each case is constant. 12 3
For an elastic collision, the total kinetic energy of a system (iii)
remains conserved before andafter collision. v
For mass of each ball bearing m, we can write: 3
Total kinetic energy of the system before collision:
1 1 1
 mv 2  (2m)0  mv 2
2 2 2
2
1 1 v 1
Case (i) Total kinetic energy of the system after collision:  m  0   2m     mv 2
2 2 2 4
Hence, the kinetic energy of the system is not conserved in case (i).
1 1 2 1 2
Case (ii) Total kinetic energy of the system after collision:   2m   0  mv  mv
2 2 2
Hence, the kinetic energy of the system is conserved in case (ii).
2

 3m     mv 2
1 v 1
Case (iii) Total kinetic energy of the system after collision: 
2 3 6
Hence, the kinetic energy of the system is not conserved in case (iii).
17. The bob A of a pendulum released from 30° to the vertical
hits another bob B of the same mass at rest on a table as
shown in Fig. How high does the bob A rise after the 30
o

collision? Neglect the size of the bobs and assume the

l
collision to be elastic.
Ans :

Bob A will not rise at all A

In an elastic collision between two equal masses in which one is
stationary, while the other is moving with some velocity, the m
stationary mass acquires the same velocity, while the moving
B

NARAYANA Page.No. 150

 JR.IPE PHYSICS VOL-1 WORK-ENERGY-POWER
mass immediately comes to rest after collision. In this case, a complete transfer of momentum takes place
from the moving mass to the stationary mass.
Hence, bob A of mass m, after colliding with bob B of equal mass, will come to rest, while bob B will
move with the velocity of bob A at the instant of collision.
18. The bob of a pendulum is released from a horizontal position. If the length of the pendulum is
1.5 m, what is the speed with which the bob arrives at the lowermost point, given that it
dissipated 5% of its initial energy against air resistance?
Ans : Length of the pendulum, l = 1.5 m, Mass of the bob = m,
Energy dissipated = 5% O
According to the law of conservation of energy,
A
the total energy of the system remains constant.
At the horizontal position: Potential energy of the bob,
EP = mgl, Kinetic energy of the bob, EK = 0
Total energy = mgl… (i) h=l
At the lowermost point (mean position):
Potential energy of the bob, EP = 0, Kinetic energy of the bob,

Total energy … (ii)

B
As the bob moves from the horizontal position to the lowermost
point, 5% of its energy gets dissipated.
The total energy at the lowermost point is equal to 95% of the total energy at the horizontal point, i.e.,
1 95 2  95 1.5  9.8
mv 2   mgl  v   5.28m / s
2 100 100
19. A trolley of mass 300 kg carrying a sandbag of 25 kg is moving uniformly with a speed of 27km/h
on a frictionless track.After a while,sand starts leaking out of a hole on the floor of the trolley at
the rate of 0.05 kg s–1.What is the speed of the trolley after the entire sand bag is empty?
Ans : The sand bag is placed on a trolley that is moving with a uniform speed of 27 km/h. The external forces
acting on the system of the sandbag and the trolley is zero. When the sand starts leaking from the bag, there
will be no change in the velocity of the trolley. This is because the leaking action does not produce any
external force on the system.This is in accordance with Newton’s first law of motion. Hence, the speed of
the trolley will remain 27 km/h.
20. A body of mass 0.5 kg travels in a straight line with velocity where. a  5ms 2 What is
the work done by the net force during its displacement from x = 0 to x = 2 m?
Ans : Mass of the body, m = 0.5 kg
3
Velocity of the body is governed by the equation, v  ax 2 with a  5ms 2
Initial velocity, u (at x = 0) = 0
Final velocity v (at x = 2 m)
Work done, W = Change in kinetic energy
1 1

m  v 2  u 2    0.5  10 2    0 
2 2

2 2  

1
  0.5 10 10  2  50J
2

NARAYANA Page.No. 151

 WORK-ENERGY-POWER JR.IPE PHYSICS VOL-1

21. The blades of a windmill sweep out a circle of area A. (a) If the wind flows at a velocity v
perpendicular to the circle, what is the mass of the air passing through it in time t?(b) What is
the kinetic energy of the air? (c) Assume that the windmill converts 25% of the wind’s energy
into electrical energy, and that A = 30 m2, v = 36 km/h and the density of air is 1.2 kg m–3. What
is the electrical power produced?
Ans: Area of the circle swept by the windmill = A, Velocity of the wind = v , Density of air = ρ
(a) Volume of the wind flowing through the windmill per sec = Av
Mass of the wind flowing through the windmill per sec = ρAv
Mass m, of the wind flowing through the windmill in time t = ρAvt

(b) Kinetic energy of air

(c) Area of the circle swept by the windmill = A = 30 m2 , velocity of the wind = v = 36 km/h
Density of air, ρ = 1.2 kg m–3 , Electric energy produced = 25% of the wind energy
25 1
  Kinetic energy of air   Av 3t
100 8
Electrical energy
Electrical power =
Time
1  Av3t 1 1
  Av 3 =  1.2  30  10   4.5  103W  4.5kW
3

8 t 8 8
22. A person trying to lose weight (dieter) lifts a 10 kg mass, one thousand times, to a height of
0.5 m each time. Assume that the potential energy lost each time he lowers the mass is
dissipated. (a) How much work does she do against the gravitational force? (b) Fat supplies
3.8 × 107 J of energy per kilogram which is converted to mechanical energy with a 20%
efficiency rate. How much fat will the dieter use up?
Ans : (a) Mass of the weight, m = 10 kg
Height to which the person lifts the weight, h = 0.5 m
Number of times the weight is lifted, n = 1000
 Work done against gravitational force:
 n  mgh   1000  10  9.8  0.5  49 103 J=49KJ
(b) Energy equivalent of 1 kg of fat = 3.8 × 107 J
Efficiency rate = 20%
Mechanical energy supplied by the person’s body:
20
  3.8  107  0.76  107 J
100
Equivalent mass of fat lost by the dieter:
1 245
  49  103   104  6.45  10 3 kg
1 3.8
 3.8 107
5

23. A family uses 8 kW of power. (a) Direct solar energy is incident on the horizontal surface at an
average rate of 200 W per square meter. If 20% of this energy can be converted to useful
electrical energy, how large an area is needed to supply 8 kW?
(b) Compare this area to that of the roof of a typical house.

NARAYANA Page.No. 152

 JR.IPE PHYSICS VOL-1 WORK-ENERGY-POWER
Ans : (a) Power used by the family, P = 8 kW = 8 × 10 W 3

Solar energy received per square metre = 200 W

Efficiency of conversion from solar to electricity energy = 20 %
Area required to generate the desired electricity = A
As per the information given in the question, we have:

(A × 200)
(b) The area of a solar plate required to generate 8 kW of electricity is almost equivalent to the area of
the roof of a building having dimensions 14 m × 14 m.
24. A bullet of mass 0.012 kg and horizontal speed 70 m s–1 strikes a block of wood of mass 0.4 kg
and instantly comes to rest with respect to the block. The block is suspended from the ceiling
by means of thin wires. Calculate the height to which the block rises. Also, estimate the amount
of heat produced in the block.
Ans : Mass of the bullet, m = 0.012 kg
Initial speed of the bullet, ub = 70 m/s
Mass of the wooden block, M = 0.4 kg , Initial speed of the wooden block, uB = 0
Final speed of the system of the bullet and the block = ν
Applying the law of conservation of momentum:

For the system of the bullet and the wooden block:

Mass of the system, m’ = 0.412 kg , Velocity of the system = 2.04 m/s
Height up to which the system rises = h
Applying the law of conservation of energy to this system:
Potential energy at the highest point = Kinetic energy at the lowest point

 h     1   2.04  = 0.2123 m
1  v2  2

2 g  2 9.8
The wooden block will rise to a height of 0.2123 m.
Heat produced = Kinetic energy of the bullet – Kinetic energy of the system

= 29.4 – 0.857 = 28.54 J

25. Two inclined frictionless tracks, one gradual and the other steep meet at A from where two
stones are allowed to slide down from rest, one on each track (Fig.) Will the stones reach the
bottom at the same time? W ill they r each ther e with the same speed? Explain. Given 1 = 30°,

2 = 60°, and h = 10 m, what are the speeds and times taken by the two stones?

NARAYANA Page.No. 153

 WORK-ENERGY-POWER JR.IPE PHYSICS VOL-1

1 2
B C

Ans : 1) From law of conservation of energy

1 2
mv  mgh  v  28h
2
for two bodies are of same height
 v1  v2  2 gh  2  9.8 10  14 m / sec

1  h
2) From s  ut  at 2
2 sin    
1
  g sin   t 2
2

h 1 2h 1
 g sin t 2  t  
sin  2 g sin 
2  1  sin 2  sin 1
 t2  t1

2 10 1
t1    2.86sec
9.8 sin300

2 10 1
t2    1.65sec
9.8 sin 600

26. A 1 kg block situated on a rough incline is connected to a

spring of spring constant 100 N m–1 as shown in Fig. . k=100 N/m
The block is released from rest with the spring in the
unstretched position. The block moves 10 cm down the
1 kg
incline before coming to rest. Find the coefficient of friction
between the block and the incline. Assume that the spring
has a negligible mass and the pulley is frictionless. 370
Ans: Mass of the block, m = 1 kg
Spring constant, K = 100 N m–1
Displacement in the block, x = 10 cm = 0.1 m
The given situation can be shown as in the following figure.
At equilibrium:
Normal reaction, R = mg cos 37°

NARAYANA Page.No. 154

 JR.IPE PHYSICS VOL-1 WORK-ENERGY-POWER
Frictional force, f = μ R = μmg cos 37° Where, μ is the coefficient of friction
Net force acting on the block = mg sin 37° – f
= mgsin 37° – μmgcos 37°
= mg(sin 37° – μcos 37°)
At equilibrium, the work done by the block is equal to the potential energy of the spring, i.e.,
mg(sin37° - μcos 37°) x = 1 kx2
2
1 x 9.8 (sin37° - μcos 37°) = 1 x 100 x 0.1
R
2
1
9.8  0.6    0.8     100  0.1 mg sin 370
2 0
mg cos 37
5
0.6    0.8    0.5 mg 370
9.8
0.1
0.1    0.8      0.125
0.8

27. A bolt of mass 0.3 kg falls from the ceiling of an elevator moving down with an uniform speed
of 7 m s–1. It hits the floor of the elevator (length of the elevator = 3 m) and does not rebound.
What is the heat produced by the impact? Would your answer be different if the elevator were
stationary?
Ans : Mass of the bolt m = 0.3 kg, Speed of the elevator = 7 m/s, Height h = 3 m
Since the relative velocity of the bolt with respect to the lift is zero, at the time of impact, potential energy
gets converted into heat energy.
Heat produced = Loss of potential energy
= mgh = 0.3 × 9.8 × 3 = 8.82 J
The heat produced will remain the same even if the lift is stationary. This is because of the fact that the
relative velocity of the bolt with respect to the lift will remain zero.
28. A trolley of mass 200 kg moves with a uniform speed of 36 km/h on a frictionless track. A child
of mass 20 kg runs on the trolley from one end to the other (10 m away) with a speed of 4 m s –1
relative to the trolley in a direction opposite to its motion, and jumps out of the trolley. What is
the final speed of the trolley?How much has the trolley moved from the time child begin to run?
Ans : Mass of the trolley, M = 200 kg
Speed of the trolley, v = 36 km/h = 10 m/s
Mass of the boy, m = 20 kg
Initial momentum of the system of the boy and the trolley
= (M + m)v = (200 + 20) × 10 = 2200 kg m/s
Let v’ be the final velocity of the trolley with respect to the ground.
Final velocity of the boy with respect to the ground
Final momentum  MV  m  V  4 
1 1

= 200v’ + 20v’ – 80 = 220v’ – 80

As per the law of conservation of momentum:
2280
Initial momentum = Final momentum  2200 = 220v’-80  v '   10.36 m / s
220
 10 
Distance moved by trolley = vt = 10    25 m
 4

NARAYANA Page.No. 155

 WORK-ENERGY-POWER JR.IPE PHYSICS VOL-1

29. Which of the following potential energy curves in Fig. 6.18 cannot possibly describe the elastic
collision of two billiard balls? Here r is the distance between centres of the balls.

U( r ) U( r ) U( r )

2R r 2R r 2R r
(i) (ii) (iii)
U( r ) U( r ) U( r )

2R r 2R r 2R r
(iv) (v) (vi)

Ans : (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), and (vi)

The potential energy of a system of two masses is inversely proportional to the separation between them.
In the given case, the potential energy of the system of the two balls will decrease as they come closer to
each other. It will become zero (i.e., V(r) = 0) when the two balls touch each other, i.e., at r = 2R, where
R is the radius of each billiard ball. The potential energy curves given in figures (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), and (vi)
do not satisfy these two conditions. Hence, they do not describe the elastic collisions between them.
30. Consider the decay of a free neutron at rest: n  p  e
Show that the two-body decay of this type must necessarily give
per unit energy interval
Number of -particles
an electron of fixed energy and, therefore, cannot account for
the observed continuous energy distribution in the β-decay of
a neutron or a nucleus

[Note: The simple result of this exercise was one among the
several arguments advanced by W. Pauli to predict the existence
of a third particle in the decay products of β-decay. This
particle is known as neutrino. We now know that it is a particle Kinetic energy of
of intrinsic spin ½ (like e–, proton), but is neutral, and either -particles emitted
massless or having an extremely small mass (compared to the
mass of electron) and which interacts very weakly with matter.
The correct decay process of neutron is: n  p  e 
Ans : The decay process of free neutron at rest is given as:
From Einstein’s mass-energy relation, we have the energy of electron as Δmc2
Where,
Δm = Mass defect = Mass of neutron – (Mass of proton + Mass of electron)
c = Speed of light
Δm and c are constants. Hence, the given two-body decay is unable to explain the continuous energy
distribution in the β-decay of a neutron or a nucleus. The presence of neutrino ν on the LHS of the decay
correctly explains the continuous energy distribution.

NARAYANA Page.No. 156

 JR.IPE PHYSICS VOL-1 WORK-ENERGY-POWER

31. Find the total energy of a body of 5Kg mass, which is at a height of 10m from the earth and
falling downwards straightly with velocity of 20m/s (Take g  10m / s 2 ) (TS-May-16)
Ans: Mass m=5kg, Height h=10m, g  10m / s 2 ,velocity v=20m/s
1 2
Total energy  P.E  K .E  mgh  mv
2
1
  5  10  10    5  20  20
2
 500  1000
 1500J
32. In a ballistics demonstration, a police officer fires a bullet of mass 50g with speed 200m/s on
soft plywood of thickness 2cm. The bullet energy with only 10% of its initial kinetic energy.
What is the emergent speed of the bullet? [TS-Jun-15]
Ans: Mass of bullet m=50g=0.05kg
Initial velocity V0  200m / s
1 1 50
Initial K .E  mV0 2    200  200
2 2 1000
 1000J
Initial K.E=10% of 1000J=100J
1 2 K .E 2 100
But K.E  mV f 2  V f   Vf   4000  20 10  63.2m / s
2 m 0.05

33. A batsman hits back a ball straight in the direction of the bowler without changing its initial
speed of 12ms 1 . If the mass of the ball is 0.15k.g., determine the impulse imparted to the ball
(Assume linear motion of the ball) (Mar-17)

I  m  v  u 
 2mv  Here u  v 
Sol:  2  0.15 12 
 3.6 N .S

*******

NARAYANA Page.No. 157