Pronoun Part 2

Continuing the last topic about types of pronoun, these are the other 2 types of pronoun:

5. Reflexive pronouns
Reflexive pronouns refer back to the subject of the clause or sentence. The reflexive
pronouns used in English
are myself, yourself, herself, himself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, and themselves. For example:
"She baked a cake for herself."
"We decided to eat it ourselves."
"We heard her say, 'They should be ashamed of themselves.'"

6. Indefinite pronouns
Indefinite pronouns refer to an identifiable, but not specified, person or thing. An indefinite
pronoun conveys the idea of all, any, none, or some. These are common indefinite pronouns in
English:
all, another, any, anybody, anyone, anything, each, everybody, everyone, everything, few, man
y, nobody, none, one, several, some, somebody, and someone. For example:
"Everybody got lost on the way there."
"Somebody forgot to bring the map."
"No wonder so few showed up."

Today’s topic is going to focus on the use of QUANTIFIER.

Quantifier is part of Indefinite Pronoun that is used to talk about the quantity of something,
which can be countable or uncountable.

Before we discuss more about Quantifier, you should know first that NOUN in English is
divided into COUNTABLE and UNCOUNTABLE.

Countable nouns can be counted. If you can count it with numbers like one, five, twenty three,
then it is countable.
e.g. one apple, five books, twenty three reasons.
Therefore, Apple, Book and reason is countable noun.

Uncountable noun cannot be counted. We usually used some measurement to count it instead of
numbers, such as grains (kg, spoon, etc), liquid (liter, ml, glass, cup, etc).
e.g. a glass of juice, a bowl of rice
Therefore, Juice and Rice are uncountable noun.
Now, let’s move on to how to use Quantifier in English. We use Many, Much, and a lot of to say
BANYAK, we use a few and a little to say SEDIKIT, and we use some and any to say
BEBERAPA.

Many/much
Many for countable, much for uncountable in (?) & (-)
We use many before plural (countable) nouns and much before uncountable nouns. We use them
in negative sentences and questions. We don’t normally use them in affirmative (+) sentences.
- There isn’t much coffee in the jar.
- Were there many people in the party?

Too much/too many

Note that we don’t normally use much/many in affirmative sentences, but we can use too
much and too many in affirmative sentences.
- There’s too much salt in the soup.
- You eat too many biscuits.
How much/how many
We use how many and how much to ask about quantity.
- How many concerts have you ever been to?
- How much coffee have you had today? 

A lot of/lots of
Used before both countable and uncountable (+)
We use a lot of or lots of (more informal) before both plural (countable) and uncountable nouns.
We normally use them in positive sentences.
- She spends a lot of time watching TV.
- We had lots of good moments together.

We must always use a lot of or lots of including of before a noun. However, we can use the
expressions a lot or lots (without of) at the end of a sentence.
- ‘How many beers did you have?’ ‘I don’t know; I had lots/a lot.’
- I like her a lot.
 

(A) few/(a) little/a bit of

Few for countable; little/a bit for uncountable (+), (-), (?)
We use (a) few before plural (countable) nouns and (a) little or a bit of (more informal)
before uncountable nouns.
 - I have to do a few things this afternoon.
- He always gets good results with very little effort.
- Can you put a bit of sugar in the tea?

Few or a few? little or a little?

A few/A little means ‘some but not many; enough’, and Few/little means ‘almost none; not
enough’.
- There’s a little milk in the fridge (=Enough for you to use if you want) 
- There’s little milk in the fridge. (Not enough; we need more)

Some/any
Some in (+); any in (?) (-)
We use ‘some’ in affirmative (+) sentences and ‘any’ in negative sentences and questions.
- Is there any sugar in the cupboard?
- Have you got any new friends?
- I have some questions to ask you.

To make it easier for you, this is the summary of all of those lesson being put in to a table:
Countable Uncountable Countable Uncountable Countable Uncountable
+ Lots of / a lot of Lots of / a lot Few / a few Little / a little Some Some
of / a bit of
- Many Much Few / a few Little / a little Any Any
/ a bit of
? Many Much Few / a few Little / a little Any Any
/ a bit of

Now, after you’ve done learning about this, you can do the exercise
below and then submit it back to V-class before the deadline.
Exercise (Highlight or bold the answer you choose!)
Name :

NPM :
1. We haven't got _____ petrol. We need to stop at gas station.
a. much
b. many
c. little
d. a lot of
2. We had ________ rain last autumn.
a. a lot of
b. much
c. many
d. any
3. There was ________ food in the fridge. It was nearly empty.
a. little
b. a little
c. few
d. a few
4. You travel a lot. Have you been to _____ countries?
a. much
b. many
c. few
d. some
5. It costs _____ money to give your children a good education. It’s definitely not cheap.
a. much
b. many
c. a lot of
d. a few
6. We spent _____ money on our last holiday. We have no saving left.
a. Too little
b. Too much
c. Too many
d. Too few
7. Relax, we still have ____ time to get there.
a. Any
b. Much
c. Lots
d. A lot of
8. How ______ people come to your party?
a. Many
b. Any
 c. Some
d. Lots of
9. I don't usually drink _____ beer.
a. Many
b. Some
c. Much
d. A lot of
10. It didn't take _____ effort to repaint the house. I could do it myself in just 3 hours.
a. Much
b. Many
c. A lot of
d. lots
11. I only speak ______ English. Please talk slowly.
a. A few
b. A little
c. Much
d. Any
12. There were only ________ people at the party. Everyone is too busy to attend it.
a. Many
b. Any
c. A little
d. A few
13. I don’t need ______ sugar for the coffee. I’m on diet.
a. Some
b. Many
c. Any
d. A lot of
14. How ______ soap do you need?
a. Much
b. Many
c. Any
d. Some
15. I hope it will rain. There isn't _____ water in the reservoir.
a. Many
b. Much
c. Some
d. Any
16. We saw ______ beautiful scenery when we went to Austria.
a. Many
b. Any
c. A lot of
d. Much