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Energy Procedia 00 (2017) 000–000
ScienceDirect
Energy Procedia
Energy Procedia 00
117(2017)
(2017)000–000
19–26
Energy Procedia 00 (2017) 000–000 www.elsevier.com/locate/procedia
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Energy Procedia 00 (2017) 000–000
1st International Conference on Power Engineering, Computing and CONtrol, PECCON-2017, 2-
www.elsevier.com/locate/procedia
4 March
1st 2017, VIT
International University,
Conference Chennai
on Power Campus Computing and CONtrol, PECCON-2017, 2-
Engineering,
4 March 2017, VIT University, Chennai Campus
Modeling
1st and
International Analysis
Conference of aEngineering,
on Power
TheUniversity,
15th International Novel
ChennaiSymposium
Boost Derived
Computing Multilevel
and CONtrol, PECCON-2017,
Campus on District Heating and Cooling
Hybrid2-
Modeling and Analysis of a Novel
4 March 2017, VIT Boost Derived Multilevel Hybrid
Converter
Modeling and Analysis
Assessing the feasibility Converter
of a Novelof
a usingBoost theDerived Multilevel Hybrid
heatb demand-outdoor
Jeyasudha.S *, Geethalakshmi.B
temperature function
Department
Jeyasudha.S
a,b
of EEE, Pondicherry
Converter
a
*, Geethalakshmi.B
for aEngineering
long-term district
College, Puducherry
b
- 605 heat
014, Indiademand forecast
a b India
a,b
Jeyasudha.S *, Geethalakshmi.B
Department of EEE, Pondicherry Engineering College, Puducherry - 605 014,

Abstract
I. Andrića,b,c*, A. Pinaa, P. Ferrãoa, J. Fournierb., B. Lacarrièrec, O. Le Correc
a,b
Department of EEE, Pondicherry Engineering College, Puducherry - 605 014, India
Abstracta
IN+ Center for Innovation, Technology and Policy Research - Instituto Superior Técnico, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
Multilevel inverters b (MLI) offer high power capability connected with lower output harmonics and lower conduction
Veolia Recherche & Innovation, 291 Avenue Dreyfous Daniel, 78520 Limay, France
and switching
Abstract c losses. Conventional cascaded H-bridge (CHB) MLI produces AC output which can be employed for a single load.
Multilevel
Départementinverters (MLI)
Systèmes offer highetpower
Énergétiques capability
Environnement connected
- IMT with
Atlantique, lower
4 rue output
Alfred harmonics
Kastler, 44300 Nantes,and lower
Franceconduction
Butswitching
and for smart losses.
residential nanogrid applications,
Conventional cascaded H-bridge dual load(CHB)(ACMLI and DC) is required
produces AC outputconcurrently.
which canThis paper has for
be employed introduced
a single aload.
new
topology
But for smart of boost
Multilevel derived
residential invertersmultilevel
nanogrid (MLI) hybrid
applications,
offer high converter
dual
powerload(BDMHC)
(AC and DC)
capability which is produces
connected required multilevel
concurrently.
with lower output ACharmonics
andpaper
This DC output simultaneously.
has introduced
and lower a new
conduction
Thus
topology the of
and switching converter
boost
losses. required
derived the lesser
multilevel
Conventional number
hybrid
cascaded of switches
converter
H-bridge (BDMHC)
(CHB) to supply
MLIwhich bothproduces
produces ACAC andoutput
DC load.
multilevel
which This
AC proposed
canandbe DC topology
output
employed a of BDMHC
simultaneously.
for single load.
is constituted
Abstract
Thus
But for thesmart
converterone H-bridge
required
residential seven-level
the lesser
nanogrid symmetrical
number ofdual
applications, MLI
switches
load (ACwith
to supplythree
and DC) separate
bothis AC boost
and DC
required converters. State
load. This This
concurrently. proposedspace mathematical
papertopology of BDMHC
has introduced model
a new
ishas been developed
constituted
topology of boost for themultilevel
one H-bridge
derived proposed
seven-level converter
symmetrical
hybrid and validated
converter MLI with
(BDMHC) with simulated
three separate
which circuit using
boostmultilevel
produces MATLAB/Simulink.
converters. ACState
and space
DC outputmathematical model
simultaneously.
has
Thus been
Districtthe developed
converter for
heating networks the proposed
required the
are lesserconverter
commonly number and
of
addressed validated
switches
in the towith simulated
supply
literature both
as AC circuit
one and using
DC
of the MATLAB/Simulink.
load.
most This proposed
effective solutionstopology of BDMHC
for decreasing the
© 2017 The Authors.
Keywords:Multilevel Published
Inverter; Boost by Elsevier
derived hybridLtd.converter; Boost derived multilevel hybrid converter; Switching sequence; State spacethe
is constitutedunder
greenhouse
Peer-review oneemissions
gas H-bridge
responsibility seven-level
from thethe
of symmetrical
building
scientific sector. MLI
These
committee with three
systems
of the 1st separate
require boost
high
International converters.
investments
Conference State
which
on space
are
Power mathematical
returned through
Engineering, modelheat
analysis.
has beenDue developed for the Boost
proposed converter andand
validated
Boost with simulated circuit
hybridusing
Keywords:Multilevel
sales.
Computing theInverter;
to CONtrol.
and changed derived
climate hybrid converter;
conditions building derived multilevel
renovation policies, heatMATLAB/Simulink.
converter; Switching
demand sequence;
in the futureState space
could decrease,
analysis.
prolonging the investment return period.
Keywords:Multilevel
The main scope ofInverter; this paper Boost derived
is to assess hybrid converter; Boost
the feasibility of usingderived multilevel
the heat demand hybrid converter;
– outdoor Switching sequence;
temperature functionState spacedemand
for heat
1.
analysis. Introduction
forecast. The district of Alvalade, located in Lisbon (Portugal), was used as a case study. The district is consisted of 665
1. Introduction
buildings that vary in both construction period and typology. Three weather scenarios (low, medium, high) and three district
renovation The modernwere
scenarios residential
developed system
(shallow, involves different
intermediate, loadTo
deep). types DC as
estimate thewell
error,asobtained
AC from heata demand
single DC source
values were
(e.g., 1.solar
compared Introduction
The panel,
withmodern
resultsfuelfrom cell,
residential battery
a dynamic system
heatetc)demand
[1]. These
involves loads
different
model, are types
load
previously supplied
developed DC for a system,
as well
and as AC
validated bywhich
from
the ahas
authors. separate
single power
DC source
converters
(e.g., solar for
The results eachfuel
panel,
showed conversion
that cell, only
when type
battery (dc-dc
etc) change
weather andThese
[1]. dc-ac) as shown
loads
is considered, are in Fig.1.
the supplied
margin A single
of for
errora could power
system, converter
which
be acceptable has stage
forseparate utilizes
power
some applications to
(the errorboth
perform
converters Thein modern
forannual
the
eachconversionsresidential
demand
conversion typesystem
wassimultaneously,
lower thaninvolves
(dc-dc 20% for
andcalled different
all hybrid
dc-ac) weather
as shown load types
scenarios
converter.
in DC Aas
considered).
Fig.1. This wellHowever,
hybrid
single as ACconverter
converter
power from
after a single
introducing
is suitable
stagefor DC source
renovation
use
utilizes intoa
(e.g.,
scenarios,
compact
perform solar thepanel,
system
both error
the fuelboth
value
with
conversions cell, acbattery
increased andupdc toetc)
simultaneously, 59.5%[1].(depending
loads. These
The
called loads
compact
hybrid on the areweather
systemsupplied
converter. and
is This
oftenfor a system,
renovation
connected
hybrid towhich
scenarios
converter has separate
iscombination
non-conventional
suitable power
forconsidered).
energy
use in a
The
convertersvalue
sources that
compact of
for
system slope
each
havewith coefficient
conversion
low both terminal increased
ac and type
voltage (dc-dcon
dc loads. average
and
and power within
dc-ac) as the
ratings. To
The compact shownrange inof
step up
system 3.8%
Fig.1. Aup to
single
lowerconnected
is often 8% per
power
terminal voltagedecade,
converterthat corresponds
stage utilizes
into a higher voltage,
to non-conventional to to
energy the
decreaseboth
perform in thethe number
conversionsof heating hours of 22-139h
simultaneously, calledduring
hybridthe heating
converter.season This(depending
hybrid on the combination
converter is suitable offor
weather
use and
the boost
sources converter
that have low is required
terminal for DC load
voltage and andpower voltage
ratings. source
To stepinverter (VSI)terminal
up lower is required for acinto
voltage load. A single
a higher powera
in
voltage,
renovation
compact scenarios
system with considered).
both ac On the
and dc other hand,
loads. The function
compact intercept
system increased
is often for 7.8-12.7%toper
connected decade (depending
non-conventional on the
energy
circuit
the boost can operate in
converter both boosting
is required for DC and inverting
load and voltagemodesourceconcurrently,
invertercalled
(VSI)boost derived
is required forhybrid
ac load. converter
A single (BDHC)
power
coupled scenarios). The values suggested could be used to modify the function parameters for the scenarios considered, and
sources
as shown
circuit canthat
in have2.low
Fig.
operate inBDHC terminal
both is voltage
implemented andby power ratings.
replacing To step
a single upcalled
control lower
switch terminal
ofderived voltage
conventional into
boosta higher
convertervoltage,
into
improve the accuracy of heatboosting
demand and inverting
estimations. mode concurrently, boost hybrid converter (BDHC)
theshown
as boost in
converter
bidirectional single
Fig. is required
phase
2. BDHC bridge fornetwork
DC load[2].
is implemented and
by voltage
The hybridsource
replacing singleinverter
a outputs DC as(VSI)
control well as
switch isof
required
AC for ac load.
are controlled
conventional by A
boost single
the samepower
converter set of
into
circuit can
switches.
bidirectional
© 2017 The operate
Therefore in
single phase
Authors. both boosting
it reduces
bridge
Published bylesserand
network
Elsevier inverting
component mode concurrently,
count outputs
[2]. The hybrid
Ltd. compare called
DCtoasthe boost derived
conventional
well hybrid converter
power converter
as AC are controlled by the same (BDHC)
system,
set ofit
as shownthe
protects
switches. in under
Fig.
Therefore
Peer-review 2.responsibility
BDHC
shoot-through isinherently
it reduces implemented
oflesser byCommittee
in the
component
the Scientific replacing
inverter acompare
of single
countstage,
Theand control
15th itto theswitch
produces of conventional
better
conventional
International power
Symposium boost
on processing
power converter
District converter
and into
density
Heatingsystem, and
it
bidirectional
Cooling.the shoot-through inherently in the inverter stage, and it produces better power processing densityset
protects single phase bridge network [2]. The hybrid outputs DC as well as AC are controlled by the same andof
switches. Therefore it reduces lesser component count compare to the conventional power converter system, it
protects
Keywords:the
Heatshoot-through
demand; Forecast;inherently in the inverter stage, and it produces better power processing density and
Climate change
* Corresponding author. Tel.: +91 8300064174.
*E-mail address: jeyasudha_s@pec.edu.
Corresponding author. Tel.: +91 8300064174.
E-mail address: jeyasudha_s@pec.edu.
1876-6102 © 2017
* Corresponding The Authors.
author. Tel.: +91Published
8300064174.by Elsevier Ltd.
1876-6102 under
Peer-review © 2017responsibility
The Authors.ofPublished by Elsevier
the scientific Ltd.
committee
E-mail address:
1876-6102 © 2017jeyasudha_s@pec.edu.
The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. of the 1st International Conference on Power Engineering, Computing and CONtrol.
Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of The 15th International Symposium on District Heating and Cooling.
1876-6102 ©
Peer-review 2017responsibility
under The Authors. Published
of the scientificbycommittee
Elsevier of
Ltd.
the 1st International Conference on Power Engineering, Computing and CONtrol.
Peer-review
1876-6102 © under responsibility
2017 The of the scientific
Authors. Published committee
by Elsevier Ltd. of the 1st International Conference on Power Engineering, Computing
and CONtrol.
Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the 1st International Conference on Power Engineering, Computing and CONtrol.
10.1016/j.egypro.2017.05.102
20 Jeyasudha S et al. / Energy Procedia 117 (2017) 19–26
2 Jeyasudha.S and Geethalakshmi.B/ Energy Procedia 00 (2017) 000–000

reliability. But for medium and high power applications, single stage topology is cascaded by two or more stages
called multilevel converter. The multilevel inverter has more advantages such that it produces output voltages
similar to the sinusoidal waveform, it operates with lower harmonic distortion and it reduces electromagnetic
interferences [3]. Different MLI configurations have been suggested in [4]. Among all MLI topologies cascaded H-
bridge MLI has seen wide use in applications such as solar PV system, hybrid electric vehicle and motor drives [5].
For high power solar PV system, the single BDHC is cascaded to produce the multilevel AC output with separate
DC output which is referred as boost derived multilevel hybrid converter (BDMHC).

Fig. 1 Conventional power Converter Fig. 2 Schematic of Boost derived Fig. 3 Schematic diagram of Boost derived
hybrid converter multilevel Hybrid Converter (BDMHC)
This paper introduces the BDMHC topology which is capable of supplying simultaneous multilevel AC
and DC loads, The purpose of this paper is to give the averaged model that describe the dynamic behavior of a boost
derived multilevel hybrid converter. Computer simulation using MATLAB/Simulink on a BDMHC are used to
prove the validity of the developed model for the proposed converter. The developed model can be used for analysis
and design of controllers for the proposed converter.
This paper is structured as follows. Section 2 describes the circuit explanation and output voltage of the
proposed topology of BDMHC. Section 3 shows the switching scheme of BDMHC. Circuit operation and state
space modeling of the BDMHC is discussed in the Section 4. Section 5 presents the simulation output and
mathematical model validation of the BDMHC. Section 6 concludes the paper.
2. Proposed Converter Topology - Boost Derived Multilevel Hybrid Converter (BDMHC)

The basic circuit diagram and operation of BDHC are given in [2]. The proposed topology, BDMHC is
developed by cascading three single BDHC, as shown in Fig. 3, to constitute seven-level symmetrical MLI with
three separate boost converters. Fig. 4 shows the circuit diagram of BDMHC which contains 3 DC sources (Vidc1 to
Vidc3), 3 bridge networks to obtain the three boosting dc output (Vodc1 to Vodc3) and a 7-level multilevel inverter
output (Voac). Each bridge contains 4 IGBT switches which share both operations of boosting and inverting. L1 to L3,
C1 to C3, D1 to D3 and Rdc1 to Rdc3 involve the boosting operation and Rac involves inverting operation.
2.1 Output voltage of BDMHC
The proposed topology is operated based on the single boost derived hybrid converter [2]. The AC output
voltage and dc output voltage of single boost derived hybrid converter is expressed in equations (1) and (2)
Vodc 1
 (1)
Vidc 1

Voac m (2)
 a
Vidc 1  
The DC output of BDHC can be regulated by using the duty cycle of the converter denoted by δ similar to the boost
converter and the ac output can be regulated by using the modulation index ma ( 0  ma  1 ) of the hybrid converter
and its definition is similar to that of voltage source inverter. The AC gain increases with the increase of modulation
 Jeyasudha S et al. / Energy Procedia 117 (2017) 19–26 21

index (ma) for any fixed value of duty cycle δ. Since the same set of switches control both boosting and inverting
operation, the following constraint as given in (3) is satisfied by the switching strategy. Generally in MLI, the
synthesized voltage waveform is the sum of the inverter outputs. In a cascaded inverter the number of output phase
voltage levels is defined by m = 2s +1, where s is the number of DC sources. The output phase voltage of seven-
level MLI is given in equation (4)
ma    1 (3)
Voac  Vidc1  Vidc 2  Vidc3 (4)

Fig. 4 BDMHC circuit

Using the equation (2) the BDMHC output equation is modified as given in equation (5)
Vidc1ma Vidc 2 ma Vidc 3 ma
Voac    (5)
1 1 1
The general form of n-level phase voltage output equation is given in (6)
n Vidcn ma
Voac   (6)
n 1 1

The number of line voltage level depends on the modulation index of the sinusoidal wave which is the source of the
gate pulse generation. To avoid short circuit of DC sources, the separated DC source configuration is applied to the
multilevel inverter.

3. Switching Scheme of BDMHC

Each converter is operated according to the switching sequence given in the Table1. Gate pulses are
generated by comparing the sinusoidal wave with the three constant dc signals Va1, Va2, Va3, as shown in the Fig. 5a,
which maintain the phase level of the ac output and the triangular carrier pulse Vtri is compared with Vd, a dc signal
which controls the boosting period of the BDMHC as shown in Fig 5b.The signals so generated separately for
inverter mode and boosting mode are logically added, as shown in the Fig.6, in order to maintain the constraint
given in the equation (3) and the appropriate gate pulses of G11 to G14, G21 to G24, G31 to G34 are produced.
4. State space analysis
4.1 Operation of BDMHC
The operation of the BDMHC is considered in two modes, boosting and inverting mode. Boosting is a high
22 Jeyasudha S et al. / Energy Procedia 117 (2017) 19–26
4 Jeyasudha.S and Geethalakshmi.B/ Energy Procedia 00 (2017) 000–000

TABLE I Switching Sequence of BDMHC

Voac (V)
Status Q11 Q12 Q13 Q14 Q21 Q22 Q23 Q24 Q31 Q32 Q33 Q34
(peak)
0 0 B B 0 0 B B 0 0 B B 0
Positive

1 1 B B 1 0 B B 1 0 B B 61.25
Cycle

1 1 B B 1 1 B B 1 0 B B 122.5
Half

1 1 B B 1 1 B B 1 1 B B 184.0
B B 0 0 B B 0 0 B B 0 0 0
B B 1 1 B B 1 0 B B 1 0 -61.25
Half Cycle

B B 1 1 B B 1 1 B B 1 0 -122.5
Negative

B B 1 1 B B 1 1 B B 1 1 -184.0
0 0 B B 0 0 B B 0 0 B B 0
“1” represents ON period of the inverter, “0” represents off period of the inverter and “B” represents boosting period

Fig.5a Inverting mode of BDMHC

Fig. 5b Boosting mode of BDMHC

frequency switching mode which existing for each phase level of the inverter. Boosting mode has two intervals
namely shoot-through interval, in which the same leg of switches are ON and hence the input energy is transferred
to the inductors, current through it increases, and the power interval in which the same leg of switches are OFF,
diodes come into play and the input energy along with the stored inductor is delivered to the output load. The
inverting mode is a low frequency switching mode which has 3 triggering level (α 1, α2, α3) periods to produce 7-level
output. Each level switching is explained in the following sessions 4.1.1 to 4.1.3.
 Jeyasudha S et al. / Energy Procedia 117 (2017) 19–26 23

Fig. 6 Generation of gate pulses for BDMHC

Fig. 7a Equivalent circuit for Inverting and Fig. 7b Equivalent circuit for Inverting and
Boosting - shoot-through interval Boosting - power interval

4.1.1 Level 1 operation (Duration (π-2α1))

At Level 1 the switches Q11, Q12, Q21, Q31 are ON for inverting mode and Q13, Q14, Q23, Q24, Q33, Q34 are
ON during boosting mode as shown in Fig. 7a (Boosting shoot-through interval) and Fig. 7b (Boosting Power
interval). In the boosting operation, the ON period is denoted by δ and OFF period is denoted by (1-δ), as in the
conventional boost converter. The state space equations corresponding to this mode are given here. The converter
side equations are given in equations (7) and (8).
At shoot-through interval (δ) of boosting
di1 dVodc1 Vodc1
L1  Vidc1 C1 
dt dt Rdc1
di2
L2  Vidc 2 and C dVodc 2   Vodc 2 (7)
dt 2
dt Rdc 2
di3 dVodc 3 Vodc 3
L3  Vidc 3 C3 
dt dt Rdc 3
24 Jeyasudha S et al. / Energy Procedia 117 (2017) 19–26
6 Jeyasudha.S and Geethalakshmi.B/ Energy Procedia 00 (2017) 000–000

At power interval (1-δ) of boosting

di1 dVodc1 Vodc1

L1  Vidc1 Vodc1 C1  i1 
dt dt Rdc1
di2 dVodc 2 Vodc 2
L2  Vidc 2 Vodc 2 and C2  i2 
(8)
dt dt Rdc 2
di3 dVodc 3 Vodc 3
L3  Vidc 3 Vodc 3 C3  i3 
dt dt Rdc 3
where i1, i2 and i3 are the input current through the inductor L1, L2 and L3 respectively. Vodc1, Vodc2 and Vodc3 are the
output DC voltages and iac is the output AC current. The inverter side equation is given in the equation (9)

diac
L1  Vidc1  Rac iac (9)
dt

4.1.2 Level 2 operations (Duration (π -2α2))

Switches Q11, Q12, Q21, Q22, Q31 are closed and Q13, Q14, Q23, Q22, Q31 are in boosting, the corresponding
converter equations are same as the equations (7) and (8), and the inverter equation is given in the equation (10)
diac
 L1  L2   Vidc1 Vidc 2   Rac iac (10)
dt
4.1.3 Level 3 operations (Duration (π-2α3))
Switches Q11, Q12, Q21, Q22, Q31, Q32 are closed and Q13, Q14, Q23, Q24, Q33, Q34 are in boosting, the
corresponding boosting equations are same as the equations (7) and (8) and the inverter equation is given by (11)
diac
 L1  L2  L3   Vidc1 Vidc 2 Vidc 3   Rac iac (11)
dt

4.2 State-space Model

State-space averaging is a powerful method [6] for calculating the steady state values of voltages and
currents. The general form of the state-space equations is expressed as in equations (12) and (13). The system
descriptive equations (7) to (9) can be rearranged in the form of state equation, the inductor currents and the
capacitor voltages are considered as states.
x Ax  Bu
 (12)
y Cx  Du (13)
where x is the state vector matrix which is given in the equation (14)
T
 di di2 di3 dVodc1 dVodc 2 dVodc 3 diac 
x 1  (14)
 dt dt dt dt dt dt dt 
u is the input vector and y is the output states of the BDHMC and is given by the equation (15)
and y  Vodc1, Vodc 2, Vodc3 , i ac 
T
u  Vidc1 Vidc 2 Vidc 3  (15)
Matrices A, B, C, D are the state, input and output proportionality constant. The average state equation as described
in [6] are given in the equation (16) and (17)
A  A1  (1   ) A2 (16)
B  B1  (1   ) B2 (17)
The constant A1, B1, A2 and B2 are level 1 shoot-through and power interval state and input matrices, formed by the
equations (7) to (9) and it is substituted in the state equation given in (12). Then the corresponding level 1 state
matrix is given by the equation (18)
 Jeyasudha S et al. / Energy Procedia 117 (2017) 19–26 25

  1  
 0 0 0
L1
0 0 0

 
 
di1
 0  1  
  0 0 0 0 0  1 
dt
   L2   0 0 
 di   L1

2
   1 
 
dt  i1   1 
   0 0 0 0 0 0     0 0 
 di   L3  L2
3  i2   
 dt 
   1  1   i
3
  1  Vidc1 
dV    0 0   
 odc1    0 0 0 0 0  Vodc1    L3  Vidc 2 
 dt   C1 C1 Rdc1  V   0 0 0   
 dV  odc 2 Vidc 3 
 odc 2   1  1   
Vodc 3 

 0 0 0 

 dt   0 0 0 0 0     0
 dVodc 3   C2 C2 Rdc 2   iac   0 0 
   1 
 dt   1  1   0 0 
 diac   0 0
C3
0 0
C3 Rdc 3
0   L1 
   
 dt 
  Rac 
 0 0 0 0 0 0
L1

 
(18)
In general, the level n state matrix for BDMHC is given in the equation (19)
  1  
 0 0 . . 0
L1
0 . . 0 0 
   1 
 di1    1    0 . . 0 
   0 0 . . 0 0 0 . . 0  L1
 di2   L2
 i  
 
 .   . 1 
. . .  1   0 . . 0 
     i2   L2 
 .   . . . .  .   
 din    . . 0
 1    
   0 0 . . 0 0 0 . . 0  .   . . 0   Vidc1 
 dVodc1   Ln      Vidc 2 
 dt   1  1   in   0 0 . .
1
 
  0 . . 0 0 . . 0 0   Vodc1   
 dVodc 2   C1 C1 Rdc1
Ln  . 
     
 dt     Vodc 2   0 0 . . 0 . 
 .   0 1  1  
   C2
. . 0 0
C2 Rdc 2
0 0 0 0  .   0 0   Vidcn 
   
 .    .   . .
   . . . 0 
 V   . 0 . 
 dVodcn   . . . .  odcn
  
 dt     iac   0 0 . . 0 
 di   0 1  1 
0 . . 0 0 . . .  1 1 1 
 ac
  Cn Cn Rdcn   . . 
 dt     L1  L2  ..  Ln L1  L2  ..  Ln L1  L2  ..  Ln 
  Rac 
 0 0 . . 0 0 0 . . 0
L1  L2  ..  Ln 
 
(19)
5. Simulation results and validation
The parameters considered for the simulation of BDMHC are specified in Table II as in [2]. These values
are substituted in the developed level n state matrix equation (19) as n = 3 and the resultant state and input matrices
values are given in equation (20).
 200 0 0 
 0 0 0 98 0 0 0   
0 0 0 0 98 0 0   0 200 0 
0   
 0 0 0 0 98 0
  0 0 200  30 
   
A  490 0 0 50 0 0 0 ; B   0 0 0  ; U  30 (20)
0 490 0 0 50 0 0   0 0 0  30 
0   
0 490 0 0 50 0  0 0 0 
   
0 0 0 0 0 0 13333.3  66.6 66.6 66.6 

The theoretical values of the states namely the input currents, dc output voltages and ac output current are obtained
1
using the formula x   A BU . Using m-file programming in MATLAB the state values are obtained as given in
equation (21)
T
x   i1 i2 i3 Vodc1 Vodc 2 Vodc3 iac 
(21)
T
x   6.25 A 6.25 A 6.25 A 61.2V 61.2V 61.2V 0.45 A
In order to validate the developed model of the system, the circuit is simulated using MATLAB/Simulink with the
same parameters specified in Table II. The simulated output voltage and output current for a dc input of 30V is
 26 Jeyasudha S et al. / Energy Procedia 117 (2017) 19–26
8 Jeyasudha.S and Geethalakshmi.B/ Energy Procedia 00 (2017) 000–000

shown in Fig. 8a and 8b respectively. Simulation results validate the proposed mathematical model of the system
which is clear from Table III.
Table II BDMHC parameters values Table III BDMHC model validation

Parameters Values Parameters Values Values

Parameters
Input Voltage 30V AC load resistor 200Ω Theoretical Simulated
(Rac)
(Vidc1 to Vidc3) DC output voltage ( Vodc1 to Vodc 3 )
61.25V 61.5
Input Inductor (L1 to L2) 5mH Switching 10KHz
frequency AC output voltage ( Voac ) 90V 94.53
DC Capacitor C1 1mF Duty Ratio 51% Input Current (i1 to i3) 6.25A 7

DC load resistor 20Ω Modulation 0.4 DC output current 3.075A 3.3

(Rdc1 to Rdc3) Index (ma) AC output current iac 0.45A 0.472

Fig. 8a Output voltage waveform Fig. 8b Output current waveform

6. Conclusion

This paper has proposed a novel BDMHC which is capable of supplying the dc and multilevel ac output
simultaneously for high power residential applications. State space model of the proposed converter has been
developed and validated using the MATLAB/Simulink and the resulting models are accurate enough and can predict
the dynamic behavior of the converter. The controller design and harmonic analysis for this BDMHC converter
using the proposed model is underway.

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