Module 5 Test Bank ~ 1

Nutrition Your Life Science 1st

Edition Turley Test Bank
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Test Bank1 for Nutrition: Your Life Science 1e

Module 5 – The Vitamins and Minerals
Question Information Key

ANS = correct answer REF = page reference TOP = module section

Exam A
True/False

1. Vitamin D regulates calcium absorption and phosphorus excretion.

ANS: T REF: 230 TOP: 5.1

2. The symptoms of wet beriberi include heart rhythm changes and peripheral paralysis.

ANS: T REF: 240 TOP: 5.2

3. Vitamin B6 is involved in the metabolism of amino acids.

ANS: T REF: 243 TOP: 5.2

4. Deficiencies of folate and vitamin B12 cause macrocytic, normochromic anemia.

ANS: T REF: 244|245 TOP: 5.2

5. Nutrients with antioxidant function include iodine and folate.

ANS: F REF: 234 TOP: 5.1

6. Salt is iodized to prevent iodine deficiency and goiter.

1 By Jennifer Turley and Joan Thompson of Weber State University. Four alternate forms of the
exam for this module (A, B, C, and D) plus a practice exam, each with unique questions, are
included in this document. Ready-to-print versions of each (without answers) are provided at
the end of this document.

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license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.
2 ~ Module 5 Test Bank

ANS: T REF: 269 TOP: 5.5

7. Ninety percent of the human’s body weight is water.

ANS: F REF: 253 TOP: 5.3

8. The Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) for selenium for a 20-year-old male is 55 micrograms
per day.

ANS: T REF: 271 TOP: 5.5

9. Electrolytes play a role in the regulation of plasma osmolarity in the human body.

ANS: T REF: 253 TOP: 5.3

10. A high-protein, high-phosphorus diet promotes bone demineralization.

ANS: T REF: 260 TOP: 5.4

11. Vitamin K functions in blood clotting.

ANS: T REF: 235 TOP: 5.1

12. Rickets results from a riboflavin deficiency.

ANS: F REF: 231 TOP: 5.1

13. Choline is provided in the diet by egg yolk.

ANS: T REF: 249 TOP: 5.2

14. Food sources of pantothenic acid are limited to animal products.

ANS: F REF: 247 TOP: 5.2

15. Some metabolic reactions produce water.

ANS: T REF: 255 TOP: 5.3

16. Sodium is an intracellular electrolyte.

ANS: F REF: 255 TOP: 5.3

17. Toxicity of biotin causes a fishy body odor.

ANS: F REF: 248 TOP: 5.2

18. Most of the water in the body is found inside cells.

ANS: T REF: 253 TOP: 5.3

19. Water functions in body temperature regulation.

ANS: T REF: 253 TOP: 5.3

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 Module 5 Test Bank ~ 3

20. In general, toxicity is short lived for fat-soluble vitamins as compared to water-soluble
vitamins.

ANS: F REF: 225-226 TOP: 5.1

Multiple Choice

1. Which nutrient functions in carbohydrate metabolism?

A. Thiamin
B. Riboflavin
C. Choline
D. Vitamin B12
E. Pantothenic acid

ANS: A REF: 238 TOP: 5.2

2. Which nutrient functions in nucleic acid synthesis?

A. Thiamin
B. Riboflavin
C. Choline
D. Vitamin B12
E. Pantothenic acid

ANS: D REF: 244 TOP: 5.2

3. Which nutrient functions in fatty acid metabolism?

A. Thiamin
B. Riboflavin
C. Choline
D. Vitamin B12
E. Vitamin C

ANS: B REF: 240 TOP: 5.2

4. Which of the following nutrients is used to treat acne?

A. High doses of vitamin A
B. High doses of thiamin
C. High doses of zinc
D. High doses of niacin
E. High doses of vitamin E

ANS: A REF: 229 TOP: 5.1

5. The evolution of skin tone is tied to a specific genetic alteration in _____, which through the
process of natural selection enabled adequate _____ production.
A. collagen, vitamin C
B. opsin, vitamin A
C. prothromin, vitamin K
D. melanin, vitamin D
E. glutathione peroxidase, zinc

ANS: D REF: 232 TOP: 5.1

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4 ~ Module 5 Test Bank

6. The Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) for _____ is based on Calorie intake.
A. vitamin B6
B. riboflavin
C. iron
D. biotin
E. boron

ANS: B REF: 240 TOP: 5.2

7. The Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) for _____ is based on protein intake.
A. vitamin B6
B. riboflavin
C. iron
D. biotin
E. boron

ANS: A REF: 243 TOP: 5.2

8. In general, all animal foods provide a good source of:

A. non-heme iron.
B. vitamin E.
C. beta-carotene.
D. vitamin B12.
E. folate.

ANS: D REF: 244 TOP: 5.2

9. Deficiency of which of the following nutrients causes hemolytic anemia in prematurely born
infants?
A. Iron
B. Vitamin B12
C. Folate
D. Vitamin E
E. Fluoride

ANS: D REF: 234 TOP: 5.1

10. Which of the following answers describes a function of fluoride in the human body?
A. It stimulates new bone formation.
B. It stabilizes bone mineral structure.
C. It forms decay-resistant fluorhydroxyapatite.
D. B and C
E. A, B, and C

ANS: E REF: 271 TOP: 5.5

11. Loss of too much fluid from the body is called:

A. dehydration.
B. electrolyte.
C. hemoglobin.
D. goiter.
E. osteomalacia.

ANS: A REF: 254 TOP: 5.3

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 Module 5 Test Bank ~ 5

12. When diagnosing a nutrient deficiency, _____ should be considered.

A. dietary records
B. clinical signs
C. biochemical test results
D. clinical symptoms
E. All of the above

ANS: E REF: 227 TOP: 5.1

13. Vitamin C functions in the synthesis of:

A. hemoglobin.
B. thyroxin.
C. collagen.
D. vitamin D.
E. tryptophan.

ANS: C REF: 246 TOP: 5.2

14. Which of the following nutrients potentiates the action of insulin?

A. Choline
B. Chromium
C. Calcium
D. Cobalt
E. Copper

ANS: B REF: 273 TOP: 5.5

15. A deficiency of which of the following nutrients is the leading cause of blindness worldwide?
A. Protein
B. Thiamin
C. Iron
D. Vitamin D
E. Vitamin A

ANS: E REF: 229 TOP: 5.1

16. In general, plant foods provide an excellent source of:

A. heme and nonheme iron.
B. vitamin C and vitamin E.
C. calcium and vitamin D.
D. retinol and retinal.
E. vitamin B6 and vitamin B12.

ANS: B REF: 235|247 TOP: 5.1|5.2

17. Which answer identifies the form of vitamin A that is from animal sources?
A. Alpha-tocopherol
B. Beta-carotene
C. Ascorbic acid
D. Retinol
E. Pyridoxamine

ANS: D REF: 227 TOP: 5.1

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6 ~ Module 5 Test Bank

18. Which of the following nutrients enhances the absorption of iron from the gastrointestinal
tract?
A. Biotin
B. Vitamin C
C. Vitamin D
D. Calcium
E. Vitamin E

ANS: B REF: 268 TOP: 5.5

19. The chemical structure of vitamin B12 includes which mineral?

A. Chromium
B. Iron
C. Cobalt
D. Zinc
E. Fluoride

ANS: C REF: 244|274 TOP: 5.2|5.5

20. Pellagra is characterized by the three Ds:

A. diarrhea, dementia, and dermatitis.
B. depression, distress, and dizziness.
C. damage to nerves, digitalis, and pressure dilation of pupils.
D. dengue, degeneration, and deftness.
E. dander, death, and decreased blood.

ANS: A REF: 242 TOP: 5.2

21. Deficiency of _____ causes delayed sexual maturation.

A. water
B. vitamin C
C. vitamin B12
D. zinc
E. chloride

ANS: D REF: 269 TOP: 5.5

Answer questions 22-30 based on the case study “Beth” information below.
Beth is a 36-year-old female. She is 5 feet 6 inches tall and weighs 180 pounds. She has
been on a self-prescribed high-protein weight-loss diet for 1 year. She recently found out that
she is 3 months pregnant. Below is a 1-day diet with partial dietary analysis results.
Breakfast: An egg scrambled in butter with cheese, bacon, sausage, and black tea with half
and half.
Snack: A handful of almonds and mozzarella cheese.
Dinner: Chicken breast cooked in olive oil, a tossed salad with ham, carrots, cheese, and
regular Caesar dressing.
Snack: Iced tea.
Partial Nutrient Analysis: % Calories
Calories: 1462 Protein: 33%
Protein: 120 grams Carbohydrate: 7%
Carbohydrate: 25 grams (Fiber: 6 grams) Fat: 60%
Fat: 98 grams (Cholesterol: 491 mg)

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 Module 5 Test Bank ~ 7

Vitamins (% DRI) Minerals (% DRI)

Vitamin A: 777 µg (101%) Calcium: 600 mg (60%)
Vitamin D: 3.6 µg (24%) Iron: 11 mg (41%)
Vitamin E: 12.5 mg (83%) Magnesium: 330 mg (103%)
Vitamin C: 6 mg (7%) Phosphorus: 1,365 mg (195%)
Thiamin: 0.91 mg (65%) Potassium: 3,008 mg (64%)
Riboflavin: 1.85 mg (132%) Sodium: 4,170 mg (278%)
Niacin: 40.3 mg (224%) Zinc: 11.8 mg (107%)
Vitamin B6: 2.58 mg (136%) Other
Vitamin B12: 9.67 µg (372%) Alcohol: 0 grams
Folate: 152 µg (25%) Caffeine: 88 mg

22. Beth is at risk for:

A. microcytic hypochromic anemia.
B. pellagra.
C. xerophthalmia.
D. acrodermatitis enteropathica.
E. ariboflavinosis.

ANS: A REF: 265-266 TOP: 5.5

23. Beth’s unborn baby is at risk for:

A. delayed sexual maturation.
B. spina bifida.
C. hypotension.
D. pernicious anemia.
E. pellagra.

ANS: B REF: 245 TOP: 5.2

24. A good source of heme iron in Beth’s diet is:

A. olive oil.
B. ham.
C. carrots.
D. iced tea.
E. almonds.

ANS: B REF: 268 TOP: 5.5

25. The folate in Beth’s diet came from her intake of the:
A. almonds.
B. tossed salad.
C. cheese.
D. egg.
E. chicken.

ANS: B REF: 246 TOP: 5.2

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8 ~ Module 5 Test Bank

26. The best food sources of vitamin E in Beth’s diet were:

A. sausage and ham.
B. salad and carrots.
C. almonds and olive oil.
D. cheese and butter.
E. chicken and egg.

ANS: C REF: 235 TOP: 5.1

27. Beth’s high intake of _____ and low intake of _____ could per her at risk for osteoporosis
later in life.
A. phosphorus, iron
B. phosphorus, calcium
C. magnesium, iron
D. magnesium, calcium
E. sodium; vitamin D

ANS: B REF: 259-260 TOP: 5.4

28. Beth’s thiamin intake puts her at risk for having:

A. tingling hands and feet.
B. dry mouth.
C. headache.
D. increased urinary output.
E. tooth enamel changes.

ANS: A REF: 240 TOP: 5.2

29. Beth’s sodium intake could contribute to the development of:

A. acidosis.
B. bloody stool.
C. cardiac arrest.
D. delayed wound healing.
E. increased blood pressure.

ANS: E REF: 255 TOP: 5.3

30. Beth should increase her intake of _____ to be nutritionally adequate in vitamin C.
A. nuts and seeds
B. whole grains
C. legumes
D. milk
E. citrus fruits

ANS: E REF: 247 TOP: 5.2

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 Module 5 Test Bank ~ 9

Exam B
True/False

1. Riboflavin functions in fatty acid metabolism.

ANS: T REF: 240 TOP: 5.2

2. Nutrients that function in nucleic acid synthesis include vitamin B12 and folate.

ANS: T REF: 244|245 TOP: 5.2

3. Iodine toxicity and deficiency cause goiter.

ANS: T REF: 269 TOP: 5.5

4. Excess magnesium weakens teeth and contributes to dental caries.

ANS: F REF: 263 TOP: 5.4

5. Beriberi is a disease caused by a lack of thiamin in the diet.

ANS: T REF: 240 TOP: 5.2

6. If someone does not eat adequate calcium, it is important for him/her to consume extra
phosphorous to maintain bone density.

ANS: F REF: 259-260 TOP: 5.4

7. Excess fluoride can cause discolored teeth.

ANS: T REF: 271 TOP: 5.5

8. Vitamin E deficiency causes rickets.

ANS: F REF: 231|234 TOP: 5.1

9. Vitamin B12 is highly toxic in humans.

ANS: F REF: 244 TOP: 5.2

10. Pantothenic acid remains stable during food processing.

ANS: F REF: 226 TOP: 5.1

11. Biotin is involved in energy metabolism.

ANS: T REF: 248 TOP: 5.2

12. Meat is a good source of selenium.

ANS: T REF: 272 TOP: 5.5

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10 ~ Module 5 Test Bank

13. Whole grains provide a source of magnesium and vitamins B1, B2, and B3.

ANS: T REF: 249|263 TOP: 5.2|5.5

14. The human body can produce some niacin from the amino acid tryptophan.

ANS: T REF: 241 TOP: 5.2

15. Iron overload can be life threatening and occurs more often in men than women.

ANS: T REF: 267 TOP: 5.5

16. Vitamin A toxicity symptoms include nausea, vomiting, and headache.

ANS: T REF: 229 TOP: 5.1

17. Seafood is a good source of iodine.

ANS: T REF: 269 TOP: 5.5

18. Vitamin D is important for bone mineralization.

ANS: T REF: 230|231 TOP: 5.1

19. A fishy body odor can result from choline toxicity.

ANS: T REF: 249 TOP: 5.2

20. Eighty percent of water in the human body is intracellular and twenty percent is
extracellular.

ANS: F REF: 253 TOP: 5.3

Multiple Choice

1. In general, animal foods provide a good source of:

A. heme iron and non-heme iron.
B. vitamin C and vitamin E.
C. vitamin A and beta-carotene.
D. vitamin B12, heme iron, and retinol.
E. vitamin K and cobalt.

ANS: D REF: 227|244|268 TOP: 5.1|5.2|5.5

2. In general, plant foods provide a good source of:

A. heme iron.
B. potassium.
C. vitamin D.
D. sodium.
E. vitamin B12.

ANS: B REF: 257 TOP: 5.3

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 Module 5 Test Bank ~ 11

3. Which of the following nutrients is most effective at protecting red blood cell membranes
from oxidative stress?
A. Vitamin A
B. Thiamin
C. Chromium
D. Niacin
E. Vitamin E

ANS: E REF: 233 TOP: 5.1

4. Which of the following nutrients is needed to prevent hemolytic anemia in prematurely born
infants?
A. Iron
B. Vitamin B12
C. Folate
D. Vitamin K
E. Vitamin E

ANS: E REF: 234 TOP: 5.1

5. Thiamin is damaged by:

A. oxygen.
B. light.
C. heat.
D. alkaline conditions.
E. both heat and alkaline conditions.

ANS: E REF: 226 TOP: 5.1

6. Which of the following conditions is associated with low folic acid intake and is tied to
genetics and evolution?
A. Scurvy
B. Beriberi
C. Pellegra
D. Spina bifida
E. Xerophthalmia

ANS: D REF: 245 TOP: 5.2

7. Which of the following foods provide a good source of vitamin B 12?

A. Whole grains
B. Meats
C. Cruciferous vegetables
D. Plant oils
E. Legumes

ANS: B REF: 244 TOP: 5.2

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12 ~ Module 5 Test Bank

8. Which of the following B vitamins functions in carbohydrate metabolism?

A. Riboflavin
B. Choline
C. Thiamin
D. Folate
E. Vitamin B12

ANS: C REF: 238 TOP: 5.2

9. A toxicity of which of the following nutrients can result in cardiac arrest?

A. Potassium
B. Water
C. Chromium
D. Vitamin D
E. Riboflavin

ANS: A REF: 257 TOP: 5.3

10. Chloride plays a role in:

A. blood sugar regulation.
B. plasma osmolarity.
C. calcium absorption.
D. energy transfer.
E. stabilizing protein shape.

ANS: B REF: 256 TOP: 5.3

11. Selenium toxicity causes:

A. cardiac arrhythmias.
B. water retention.
C. bloody stool and jaundice.
D. garlic breath order.
E. discolored teeth.

ANS: D REF: 271-272 TOP: 5.5

12. Which of the following is true regarding recommended vitamin and mineral intakes?
A. Higher levels of fat-soluble vitamins are not harmful because the body utilizes them to
absorb fat.
B. Vitamins and minerals provide a minimal level of Calories too small to measure.
C. Toxicities of water-soluble vitamins are short lived as compared to those of fat-soluble
vitamins.
D. An inappropriate intake of water-soluble vitamins is not possible.
E. Deficiencies of major minerals are more detrimental to health than deficiencies of trace
minerals.

ANS: C REF: 225-226 TOP: 5.1

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 Module 5 Test Bank ~ 13

13. Which of the following is a poor source of vitamin C?

A. Citrus fruits
B. Strawberries
C. Milk
D. Peppers
E. Broccoli

ANS: C REF: 247 TOP: 5.2

14. A deficiency of _____ is tied to the inherited syndrome called Menkes disease.
A. vitamin B6
B. copper
C. molybdenum
D. fluoride
E. biotin

ANS: B REF: 274 TOP: 5.5

15. Spinach, carrots, and sweet potatoes are good sources of _____ and a healthy diet that
includes these foods can help prevent night blindness.
A. calcium
B. vitamin D
C. cobalt
D. beta-carotene
E. sodium

ANS: D REF: 229|230 TOP: 5.1

16. Consumption of whole grains could help prevent deficiency of:

A. manganese.
B. fluoride.
C. iodine.
D. calcium.
E. chloride.

ANS: A REF: 272 TOP: 5.5

17. Which of the following minerals maintains the volume of fluid outside cells?
A. Potassium
B. Chloride
C. Sodium
D. Calcium
E. Both sodium and chloride

ANS: E REF: 255|256 TOP: 5.3

18. Pellagra is a disease caused by a deficiency of _____.

A. riboflavin
B. thiamin
C. niacin
D. selenium
E. molybdenum

ANS: C REF: 242 TOP: 5.2

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14 ~ Module 5 Test Bank

19. Zinc deficiency is characterized by:

A. mental retardation.
B. delayed sexual maturation.
C. goiter.
D. excessive urination.
E. hypermetabolism.

ANS: B REF: 269 TOP: 5.5

Answer questions 20-30 based on the case study “Megan” information below.
Megan is a 25-year-old female who eats a raw food vegetarian diet. She is 5 feet 2 inches tall
and weighs 120 pounds. Following are a 1-day diet and the partial dietary analysis results
for that diet.
• Breakfast: ½ cantaloupe, 12 fluid ounces fortified soy milk, 10 dates, 10 pecans
• Lunch: 1 cup apple slices, 4 tablespoons ground peanuts, 20 baby carrots, 12 fluid
ounces of water
• Dinner: salad consisting of ½ cup each alfalfa sprouts, wheat sprouts, bean sprouts,
asparagus, and cauliflower, 1 cup raw spinach, 2 tablespoons olive oil, and 2
tablespoons wheat germ; 8 fluid ounces orange juice
• Snack: 8 carob chip pieces, 12 fluid ounces fortified soy milk
Basic Components % of Calories from:
Total Calories 1720 CHO 55%
Protein 47 grams Protein 11%
CHO 247 grams Fat 34%
Fiber 25 grams SFA: 4%
Total Fat 69 grams MUFA: 18%
Cholesterol 0 milligrams PUFA: 12%
Selected Vitamins (% DRI) Selected Minerals (% DRI)
Vitamin A: 5094 micrograms (728%) Calcium: 860 milligrams (86%)
Vitamin B12: 2.4 micrograms (375%) Phosphorus: 1010 milligrams (144%)
Vitamin C: 425 milligrams (567%) Magnesium: 150 milligrams (47%)
Vitamin D: 2 micrograms (13%) Iron: 11.50 milligrams (64%)
Vitamin E: 28 milligrams (185%) Sodium: 425 milligrams (28%)
Folate: 300 micrograms (75%) Zinc: 8.9 milligrams (111%)

20. Megan’s Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) for vitamin C is _____ mg/day.
A. 60
B. 75
C. 90
D. 120
E. 2,000

ANS: B REF: 246 TOP: 5.2

21. Megan consumed an adequate amount of sodium to prevent muscle cramps.

A. True
B. False

ANS: B REF: 255 TOP: 5.3

22. The type of iron that Megan consumed was:

A. heme.
B. non-heme.

ANS: B REF: 268 TOP: 5.5

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 Module 5 Test Bank ~ 15

23. Which food in Megan’s diet provided the best source of folate?
A. Apples
B. Carrots
C. Spinach
D. Dates
E. Olive oil

ANS: C REF: 246 TOP: 5.2

24. Megan is at risk for:

A. microcytic anemia.
B. night blindness.
C. scurvy.
D. decreased taste acuity.
E. hemosiderosis.

ANS: A REF: 265-266 TOP: 5.5

25. The food source of vitamin B12 in Megan’s diet was most likely the:
A. bean sprouts.
B. ground peanuts.
C. fortified soy milk.
D. orange juice.
E. olive oil.

ANS: C REF: 244 TOP: 5.2

26. Megan’s cholesterol intake puts her at risk for a deficiency of:
A. vitamin A.
B. vitamin B6.
C. vitamin C.
D. vitamin K.
E. no essential vitamin or mineral.

ANS: E REF: 230 TOP: 5.1

27. Which food in Megan’s diet did not contribute much to her provitamin A intake?
A. Carrots
B. Cantaloupe
C. Spinach
D. Apple
E. None of the above

ANS: E REF: 227|230 TOP: 5.1

28. Besides the 12 fluid ounces of water that Megan drank, what else did she consume to
provide a good source of fluid for her body?
A. Orange juice
B. Soy milk
C. Cantaloupe and apple slices
D. Baby carrots
E. All of the above

ANS: E REF: 255 TOP: 5.3

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16 ~ Module 5 Test Bank

29. Megan’s high intake of _____ and low intake of _____ could contribute to _____.
A. phosphorus, calcium, osteoporosis
B. vitamin A, vitamin D, xerophthalmia
C. vitamin B12, iron, pernicious anemia
D. vitamin C, sodium, hypertension
E. calcium, sodium, diabetes

ANS: A REF: 259-260 TOP: 5.4

30. Megan’s vitamin D intake could lead to:

A. anorexia.
B. osteomalacia.
C. muscle cramps.
D. pernicious anemia.
E. hemorrhaging.

ANS: B REF: 231 TOP: 5.1

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license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.
 Module 5 Test Bank ~ 17

Exam C
True/False

1. Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin synthesized in the human body from cholesterol.

ANS: T REF: 230 TOP: 5.1

2. A deficiency of biotin can cause hair loss.

ANS: T REF: 248 TOP: 5.2

3. Sodium intake should be as low as possible.

ANS: F REF: 255 TOP: 5.3

4. Deficiency of vitamin B12 leads to hyperglycemia.

ANS: F REF: 244 TOP: 5.2

5. Whole grains provide manganese, chromium, thiamin, riboflavin, and niacin.

ANS: T REF: 249|272|274 TOP: 5.2|5.5

6. Minerals that are needed for bones and teeth include: calcium, phosphorus, magnesium,
and fluoride.

ANS: T REF: 259|261|271 TOP: 5.4|5.5

7. Calcium, phosphorous, and magnesium are known as electrolytes.

ANS: F REF: 253 TOP: 5.3

8. A high-protein, high-phosphorous diet is optimal for increasing bone mass.

ANS: F REF: 259-260 TOP: 5.4

9. Excess fluoride causes dental caries.

ANS: F REF: 271 TOP: 5.5

10. Adult deficiency of vitamin D is called osteomalacia.

ANS: T REF: 231 TOP: 5.1

11. Pantothenic acid is involved in fatty acid and cholesterol metabolism.

ANS: T REF: 247 TOP: 5.2

12. Water loss from the body occurs directly through urine, respiration, feces, and sweat.

ANS: T REF: 254 TOP: 5.3

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18 ~ Module 5 Test Bank

13. Whole fruits and vegetables provide a concentrated food source of sodium for the body.

ANS: F REF: 255 TOP: 5.3

14. Keshan disease is a result of too much selenium in the diet.

ANS: F REF: 271 TOP: 5.5

15. Cocoa products (chocolate) provide a source of magnesium and copper.

ANS: T REF: 263|274 TOP: 5.4|5.5

16. The Dietary Reference Intake for niacin for an adult male age 19-30 is 14 mg/day.

ANS: F REF: 242 TOP: 5.2

17. Water functions in lubrication and body temperature regulation.

ANS: T REF: 253 TOP: 5.3

18. In general, water-soluble vitamin storage is shorter lived as compared to the storage of fat-
soluble vitamins.

ANS: T REF: 225-226 TOP: 5.1

19. Essential nutrients with antioxidant functions include vitamin E, vitamin C, and selenium.

ANS: T REF: 234|271 TOP: 5.1|5.5

20. Vitamin K toxicity affects liver function in infants.

ANS: T REF: 236 TOP: 5.1

Multiple Choice

1. In general, protein-rich foods provide a good source of:

A. zinc.
B. phosphorus.
C. sulfur.
D. B and C
E. A, B, and C

ANS: E REF: 262|264|270 TOP: 5.4|5.5

2. Because of the need for sunlight exposure to synthesize vitamin D, deficiency of vitamin D
is most prevalent in:
A. Asia.
B. Africa.
C. South America.
D. Australia.
E. All of the above

ANS: A REF: 232 TOP: 5.1

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 Module 5 Test Bank ~ 19

3. Which of the following nutrients is required for immune function?

A. Vitamin A
B. Biotin
C. Iodine
D. Molybdenum
E. Chromium

ANS: A REF: 228 TOP: 5.1

4. Which of the following statements is false about riboflavin?

A. Its Dietary Reference Intake value is based on Calories.
B. It functions in fatty acid metabolism.
C. It is found in milk, organ meats, and grains.
D. It is destroyed by ultraviolet light.
E. Toxicity affects red and white blood cell function.

ANS: E REF: 240-241 TOP: 5.2

5. A deficiency of vitamin B12 causes _____ while a deficiency of iron causes _____.
A. aplastic anemia, sickle cell anemia
B. microcytic anemia, macrocytic anemia
C. pernicious anemia, microcytic anemia
D. hemolytic anemia, microcytic anemia
E. pernicious anemia, macrocytic anemia

ANS: C REF: 244|266 TOP: 5.2|5.5

6. Which of the following is a function of thiamin?

A. Fat catabolism in the intestine
B. Carbohydrate metabolism
C. Protein synthesis
D. Nucleic acid synthesis
E. Cholesterol metabolism

ANS: B REF: 238 TOP: 5.2

7. Choline functions in:

A. copper metabolism.
B. memory.
C. appetite regulation.
D. nucleic acid synthesis.
E. formation of collagen.

ANS: B REF: 248 TOP: 5.2

8. Pantothenic acid functions in:

A. insulin synthesis.
B. bone mineralization.
C. cholesterol metabolism.
D. nucleic acid synthesis.
E. formation of collagen.

ANS: C REF: 247 TOP: 5.2

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20 ~ Module 5 Test Bank

9. Too much sodium in the body may result in:

A. pernicious anemia.
B. dehydration.
C. tachycardia.
D. goiter.
E. edema.

ANS: E REF: 255 TOP: 5.3

10. The kidneys will make concentrated urine when the body is in a state of:
A. hyperhydration.
B. dehydration.
C. obligatory hydration.
D. hypo-osmotic fluid intake.
E. trans-osmolarity.

ANS: B REF: 254 TOP: 5.3

11. Cobalt is a component of _____, sulfur is a component of _____, and iodine is a component
of _____.
A. tocopherol, cysteine, insulin
B. choline, homocysteine, opsin
C. vitamin B12, methionine, thyroxine
D. biotin, pyridoxamine, folacin
E. tryptophan, niacin, salt

ANS: C REF: 244|263|268|274 TOP: 5.2|5.4|5.5

12. Which of the following is not true regarding recommended vitamin and mineral intakes?
A. Vitamins and minerals are required at specific levels for normal function.
B. The current goal is to establish levels of essential nutrient intakes that support health.
C. Higher levels of fat-soluble vitamins are not harmful because the body utilizes them to
absorb fat.
D. Intake of too much or too little of a vitamin can result in serious health consequences.
E. Minerals can function as enzyme cofactors.

ANS: C REF: 224-225 TOP: 5.1

13. Which of the following nutrients does not have a Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL)?
A. Calcium
B. Vitamin A
C. Vitamin B12
D. Sodium
E. None of the above

ANS: C REF: 244 TOP: 5.2

14. Which of the following statements is true in regards to vitamin A?

A. It is an essential water-soluble vitamin.
B. Vitamin A functions in carbohydrate metabolism.
C. The Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) is given in the units of micrograms.
D. The Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) is given in International Units (IU).
E. The isomer of retinal is found in plant sources.

ANS: C REF: 227-228 TOP: 5.1

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 Module 5 Test Bank ~ 21

15. Which of the following is not one of the functions of vitamin C?

A. Cofactor for carnitine synthesis
B. Synthesis of collagen
C. Promotes the absorption of iron
D. Supports hair growth
E. Protects water-soluble cellular components from oxidative damage

ANS: D REF: 246 TOP: 5.2

16. Tea provides a source of:

A. manganese.
B. fluoride.
C. copper.
D. A and B
E. A, B, and C

ANS: D REF: 271|272 TOP: 5.5

17. Which of the following foods provides the richest source of vitamin E?
A. Vegetable oils
B. Milk
C. Fruits
D. Grains
E. Meat

ANS: A REF: 235 TOP: 5.1

18. What type of cells are especially maintained by vitamin A?

A. Connective
B. Nervous
C. Epithelial
D. Muscle
E. Fat

ANS: C REF: 228 TOP: 5.1

19. Which nutrient is needed for its oxygen-carrying ability in blood?

A. Sodium
B. Zinc
C. Iron
D. Molybdenum
E. Magnesium

ANS: C REF: 265 TOP: 5.5

20. Which of the following foods provides the richest source of zinc?
A. Rice
B. Celery
C. Shellfish
D. Apple
E. Milk

ANS: C REF: 270 TOP: 5.5

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22 ~ Module 5 Test Bank

Answer questions 21-30 based on the case study “Beth” information below.
Beth is a 36-year-old female. She is 5 feet 6 inches tall and weighs 180 pounds. She has
been on a self-prescribed high-protein weight-loss diet for 1 year. She recently found out that
she is 3 months pregnant. Below is a 1-day diet with partial dietary analysis results.
Breakfast: An egg scrambled in butter with cheese, bacon, sausage, and black tea with half
and half.
Snack: A handful of almonds and mozzarella cheese.
Dinner: Chicken breast cooked in olive oil, a tossed salad with ham, carrots, cheese, and
regular Caesar dressing.
Snack: Iced tea.
Partial Nutrient Analysis: % Calories
Calories: 1462 Protein: 33%
Protein: 120 grams Carbohydrate: 7%
Carbohydrate: 25 grams (Fiber: 6 grams) Fat: 60%
Fat: 98 grams (Cholesterol: 491 mg)
Vitamins (% DRI) Minerals (% DRI)
Vitamin A: 777 µg (101%) Calcium: 600 mg (60%)
Vitamin D: 3.6 µg (24%) Iron: 11 mg (41%)
Vitamin E: 12.5 mg (83%) Magnesium: 330 mg (103%)
Vitamin C: 6 mg (7%) Phosphorus: 1,365 mg (195%)
Thiamin: 0.91 mg (65%) Potassium: 3,008 mg (64%)
Riboflavin: 1.85 mg (132%) Sodium: 4,170 mg (278%)
Niacin: 40.3 mg (224%) Zinc: 11.8 mg (107%)
Vitamin B6: 2.58 mg (136%) Other
Vitamin B12: 9.67 µg (372%) Alcohol: 0 grams
Folate: 152 µg (25%) Caffeine: 88 mg

21. Beth is at risk for:

A. osteoporosis.
B. hyperhomocystemia.
C. night blindness.
D. A and B
E. A, B, and C

ANS: D REF: 245|259-260 TOP: 5.2|5.4

22. The highest source of phosphorus in Beth’s diet is:

A. iced tea.
B. salad.
C. olive oil.
D. chicken breast.
E. almonds.

ANS: D REF: 262 TOP: 5.4

23. Beth has a high-protein and low-carbohydrate diet; thus, it is good that she has an
adequate intake of _____ to function in the interconversion of amino acids to carbohydrate.
A. riboflavin
B. choline
C. vitamin B6
D. vitamin B12
E. phosphorus

ANS: C REF: 243 TOP: 5.2

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 Module 5 Test Bank ~ 23

24. The best source of beta-carotene in Beth’s diet is:

A. carrots.
B. almonds.
C. olive oil.
D. egg.
E. mozzarella (white) cheese.

ANS: A REF: 227|230 TOP: 5.1

25. The best source of calcium in Beth’s diet is:

A. sausage.
B. salad.
C. tea.
D. cheese.
E. egg.

ANS: D REF: 260 TOP: 5.4

26. Beth should add _____ to her diet to improve her folate status.
A. spinach
B. orange juice
C. legumes
D. A and B
E. A, B, and C

ANS: E REF: 246 TOP: 5.2

27. What type of iron is Beth predominantly consuming?

A. Hemolytic
B. Heme
C. Nonheme
D. Major
E. Minor

ANS: B REF: 268 TOP: 5.5

28. Beth’s potassium intake could cause her to experience:

A. hair loss.
B. cardiac arrhythmia and muscle weakness.
C. bone loss and pain.
D. dry skin and rash.
E. burning feet and fatigue.

ANS: B REF: 257 TOP: 5.3

29. The niacin in Beth’s diet would help protect her from:
A. pellagra.
B. pernicious anemia.
C. night blindness.
D. scurvy.
E. homocysteinemia.

ANS: A REF: 242 TOP: 5.2

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24 ~ Module 5 Test Bank

30. Beth may be at risk for beriberi due to her low intake of:
A. potassium.
B. iron.
C. thiamin.
D. folate.
E. carbohydrate.

ANS: C REF: 240 TOP: 5.2

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 Module 5 Test Bank ~ 25

Exam D
True/False

1. Pantothenic acid functions in cholesterol metabolism.

ANS: T REF: 247 TOP: 5.2

2. Vitamin B6 functions in protein metabolism.

ANS: T REF: 243 TOP: 5.2

3. Iodine functions in the production of collagen.

ANS: F REF: 246|268 TOP: 5.2|5.5

4. Excess zinc interferes with electrolyte balance.

ANS: F REF: 270 TOP: 5.5

5. Scurvy is a disease caused by a lack of vitamin C in the diet.

ANS: T REF: 246 TOP: 5.2

6. Vitamins D and K are beneficial for bone health.

ANS: T REF: 230|231|235|261 TOP: 5.1|5.4

7. Grains provide a good food source of fluoride.

ANS: F REF: 271 TOP: 5.5

8. An excess intake of copper is not associated with negative health effects.

ANS: F REF: 274 TOP: 5.5

9. Choline toxicity causes hypertension.

ANS: F REF: 249 TOP: 5.2

10. Citrus fruits provide a good source of vitamin K.

ANS: F REF: 236 TOP: 5.1

11. Vitamin E is damaged by oxygen and light.

ANS: T REF: 226 TOP: 5.1

12. Both deficiency and toxicity of thiamin can cause insomnia.

ANS: F REF: 240 TOP: 5.2

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26 ~ Module 5 Test Bank

13. Dairy products provide a source of calcium and riboflavin.

ANS: T REF: 241|260 TOP: 5.2|5.4

14. The bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract produce bioavailable vitamin K.

ANS: T REF: 236 TOP: 5.1

15. Dehydration impairs mental and physical performance.

ANS: T REF: 254 TOP: 5.3

16. Selenium functions as a cofactor for the antioxidant enzyme glutathione peroxidase.

ANS: T REF: 271 TOP: 5.5

17. Manganese is needed for blood clotting.

ANS: F REF: 272 TOP: 5.5

18. Fluoride helps form teeth but not bones.

ANS: F REF: 271 TOP: 5.5

19. Chromium is limited in the food supply.

ANS: F REF: 274 TOP: 5.5

20. Sodium is an intracellular electrolyte while potassium is an extracellular electrolyte.

ANS: F REF: 253|255|257 TOP: 5.3

Multiple Choice

1. Good sources of fluid for the body besides drinking water include:
A. fruits and vegetables.
B. milk and juice.
C. nuts and seeds.
D. A and B
E. A, B, and C

ANS: D REF: 255 TOP: 5.3

2. A deficiency of _____ causes macrocytic anemia.

A. iron
B. folate
C. vitamin B12
D. folate or vitamin B12
E. iron, folate, or vitamin B12

ANS: D REF: 244|245 TOP: 5.2

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 Module 5 Test Bank ~ 27

3. Hereditary hemochromatosis is a genetic disorder that causes excessive intestinal

absorption of:
A. vitamin A.
B. niacin.
C. zinc.
D. iron.
E. cobalt.

ANS: D REF: 267 TOP: 5.5

4. Which of the following is the least important for diagnosing a nutritional deficiency or
toxicity?
A. Dietary records
B. Clinical symptoms
C. Biochemical test results
D. Log of physical activity
E. Diet analysis results

ANS: D REF: 227 TOP: 5.1

5. Which of the following conditions has been associated with low vitamin A intake?
A. Scurvy
B. Beriberi
C. Pellegra
D. Spina bifida
E. Xerophthalmia

ANS: E REF: 229 TOP: 5.1

6. Which nutrient can be stored long term in the liver?

A. Thiamin
B. Riboflavin
C. Niacin
D. Vitamin B6
E. Vitamin B12

ANS: E REF: 244 TOP: 5.2

7. Which of the following statements is false about fat-soluble vitamins?

A. Vitamin D can be synthesized from cholesterol, starting in the skin.
B. Beta-carotene can be converted to active vitamin A inside the body.
C. Vitamin E is widely distributed in plant and animal foods.
D. Vitamin K deficiency causes hemorrhaging.
E. There are many chemical forms of vitamins A, E, and K.

ANS: C REF: 235 TOP: 5.1

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28 ~ Module 5 Test Bank

8. Which of the following water-soluble vitamins does not have a primary function related to
energy metabolism?
A. Riboflavin
B. Vitamin C
C. Thiamin
D. Pantothenic acid
E. Niacin

ANS: B REF: 239|246 TOP: 5.2

9. A toxicity of which nutrient is associated with sensory neuropathy?

A. Phosphorus
B. Chromium
C. Molybdenum
D. Vitamin B6
E. Vitamin E

ANS: D REF: 243 TOP: 5.2

10. Impaired copper absorption and/or metabolism is associated with an excess intake of:
A. molybdenum.
B. zinc.
C. iodine.
D. molybdenum and zinc.
E. molybdenum, zinc, and iodine.

ANS: D REF: 270|273 TOP: 5.5

11. Which of the following minerals is a component of certain amino acids?

A. Boron
B. Calcium
C. Sulfur
D. Fluoride
E. Chromium

ANS: C REF: 263 TOP: 5.4

12. Symptoms of _____ deficiency occur in the shortest amount of time.

A. choline
B. water
C. calcium
D. sodium
E. iron

ANS: B REF: 254 TOP: 5.3

13. Which of the following minerals potentiates the action of insulin?

A. Iodine
B. Magnesium
C. Potassium
D. Copper
E. Chromium

ANS: E REF: 273 TOP: 5.5

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 Module 5 Test Bank ~ 29

14. A deficiency of _____ most commonly causes a microcytic hypochromic anemia.

A. vitamin B6
B. iron
C. copper
D. vitamin C
E. vitamin E

ANS: B REF: 266 TOP: 5.5

15. Which of the following foods would not be a good source of vitamin C?
A. Strawberries
B. Oranges
C. Peppers
D. Cabbage
E. Legumes

ANS: E REF: 247 TOP: 5.2

16. Consumption of whole grains provides a good source of:

A. vitamins A, D, E, and K.
B. thiamin, riboflavin, and niacin.
C. sodium, potassium, and chloride.
D. calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium.
E. iron, zinc, and copper.

ANS: B REF: 240|241|242 TOP: 5.2

17. A deficiency of _____ causes osteomalacia in adults.

A. magnesium
B. fluoride
C. calcium
D. vitamin D
E. vitamin K

ANS: D REF: 231 TOP: 5.1

18. Diarrhea is a symptom associated with _____ deficiency and a disease called _____.
A. niacin, pellagra
B. thiamin, beriberi
C. vitamin C, scurvy
D. vitamin D, rickets
E. molybdenum, xerophthalmia

ANS: A REF: 242 TOP: 5.2

19. An iodine deficiency is characterized by:

A. hemolytic anemia.
B. delayed sexual maturation.
C. goiter.
D. excessive urination.
E. increased metabolic rate.

ANS: C REF: 269 TOP: 5.5

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30 ~ Module 5 Test Bank

Answer questions 20-30 based on the case study “Trevor” information below.
Trevor is a 19-year-old male who is 5 feet 10 inches tall, weighs 150 pounds, and is very
physically active. Trevor spends his summers fishing and hunting in Alaska. He goes out on
trips and takes only the following consumable items with him: instant coffee, granola bars,
nonfat dry milk, mixed nuts, milk chocolate chips, beer, and cigarettes. He lives off the land
for the rest of his dietary needs. After his trips, he comes to town to stock up on more
supplies and then returns for more hunting and fishing. Following is partial information
from the average results of a 4-day dietary analysis. A typical day’s intake: 2 granola bars,
3 cups of blueberries, 16 ounces instant coffee, 12 ounces wild game meat, 1 cup nonfat dry
milk reconstituted in 3 cups filtered stream water, 2 cups kelp seaweed, 10 ounces pink
salmon, 1 cup mixed nuts, 0.5 cups milk chocolate chips, 6 beers (12 ounces each), 48
ounces filtered stream water, and ½ pack of cigarettes.
Basic Components % of Calories from:
Total Calories: 3586 CHO: 31%
Protein: 225 grams Protein: 25%
Digestible CHO (starch & sugar): 281 grams Fat: 29%
Fiber: 27 grams Alcohol: 15% (77 grams)
Total Fat: 120 grams
Cholesterol: 445 milligrams
Selected Vitamins (% DRI) Selected Minerals (% DRI)
Thiamin: 1.66 milligrams (138%) Calcium: 1,606 milligrams (161%)
Riboflavin: 3.8 milligrams (292%) Iron: 28.7 milligrams (359%)
Niacin: 57.7 milligrams (360%) Magnesium: 895 milligrams (224%)
Vitamin B6: 3.41 milligrams (262%) Potassium: 5,611 milligrams (119%)
Vitamin B12: 33 micrograms (1382%) Zinc: 25 milligrams (230%)
Folate: 571 micrograms (143%) Sodium: 2,240 milligrams (149%)
Vitamin C: 68 milligrams (76%)
Vitamin D: 7.7 micrograms (51%)
Vitamin A: 751 micrograms (84%)
Vitamin E: 12.7 milligrams (84%)

20. Trevor’s recommended vitamin C intake is _____ mg/day since he smokes cigarettes.
A. 60
B. 75
C. 90
D. 125
E. 2,000

ANS: D REF: 246 TOP: 5.2

21. Trevor has dreams of one day leaving the wild, giving up smoking and drinking, settling
down with the woman of his dreams, and having children. Which nutrient in Trevor’s diet
supports his fertility?
A. Iron
B. Zinc
C. Riboflavin
D. Magnesium
E. Vitamin E

ANS: B REF: 269 TOP: 5.5

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 Module 5 Test Bank ~ 31

22. Which food in Trevor’s diet provided the best source of vitamin E?
A. Granola bars
B. Wild game meat
C. Mixed nuts
D. Blueberries
E. Kelp seaweed

ANS: C REF: 235 TOP: 5.1

23. Which food in Trevor’s diet provided the best source of vitamin B12?
A. Granola bars
B. Wild game meat
C. Mixed nuts
D. Blueberries
E. Kelp seaweed

ANS: B REF: 244 TOP: 5.2

24. Which food in Trevor’s diet provided the best source of vitamin C?
A. Nonfat dry milk
B. Wild game meat
C. Mixed nuts
D. Blueberries
E. Milk chocolate

ANS: D REF: 247 TOP: 5.2

25. The chocolate that Trevor ate provided a good source of:
A. magnesium.
B. beta-carotene.
C. vitamin C.
D. iron.
E. molybdenum.

ANS: A REF: 263 TOP: 5.4

26. Trevor’s diet exceeded the tolerable upper intake level (UL) for:
A. vitamin B12.
B. iron.
C. sodium.
D. vitamin D.
E. niacin.

ANS: E REF: 242 TOP: 5.2

27. Trevor’s niacin intake level could lead to _____ since _____.
A. no signs and symptoms; he did not take supplements
B. blurred vision; his intake was toxic
C. fatigue; his intake was deficient
D. low energy; his intake was from wild game
E. None of the above

ANS: A REF: 242 TOP: 5.2

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32 ~ Module 5 Test Bank

28. It is a good thing that Trevor’s diet is adequate in thiamin because he needs it to metabolize
_____ through glycolysis and the citric acid cycle.
A. fatty acids
B. amino acids
C. lactose
D. tobacco
E. glucose

ANS: E REF: 238-239 TOP: 5.2

29. Trevor’s diet is not adequate in:

A. calcium and vitamin D.
B. sodium and potassium.
C. zinc and iron.
D. vitamin C and vitamin E.
E. thiamin and riboflavin.

ANS: D REF: 233|246 TOP: 5.1|5.2

30. The type of iron that Trevor consumed was:

A. heme.
B. non-heme.

ANS: A REF: 268 TOP: 5.5

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 Module 5 Test Bank ~ 33

Practice Exam
True/False

1. The UL (tolerable upper intake level) for calcium for a 35-year-old female is 5 grams.

ANS: F REF: 259 TOP: 5.4

2. Vitamin K functions as a fat-soluble antioxidant.

ANS: F REF: 235 TOP: 5.1

3. Vitamin B6 is a water-soluble vitamin, and therefore cannot be toxic.

ANS: F REF: 243 TOP: 5.2

4. Dry beriberi is common in alcoholics and includes symptoms of dermatitis and jaundice.

ANS: F REF: 240 TOP: 5.2

5. Thiamin functions in fatty acid metabolism.

ANS: F REF: 238 TOP: 5.2

6. Goiter is a condition related to iodine deficiency.

ANS: T REF: 269 TOP: 5.5

7. The majority of body water is extracellular.

ANS: F REF: 253 TOP: 5.3

8. Sodium, potassium, and chloride function as electrolytes.

ANS: T REF: 253 TOP: 5.3

9. Smoking and alcohol consumption can negatively influence bone density.

ANS: T REF: 259-260|261 TOP: 5.4

10. Approximately 99% of the calcium in the body is in bones and teeth.

ANS: T REF: 259 TOP: 5.4

11. Optimal fluoride levels help prevent dental caries.

ANS: T REF: 271 TOP: 5.5

12. Newborns are typically given vitamin K shots due to their lack of gastrointestinal bacteria.

ANS: T REF: 235 TOP: 5.1

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34 ~ Module 5 Test Bank

13. Cocoa products provide a food source of copper.

ANS: T REF: 274 TOP: 5.5

14. A choline deficiency can result in liver damage.

ANS: T REF: 249 TOP: 5.2

15. Burning feet, sleep disturbances, and muscle cramps are all signs of pantothenic acid
deficiency.

ANS: T REF: 247 TOP: 5.2

16. Food sources of sodium include whole fruits and vegetables.

ANS: F REF: 255 TOP: 5.3

17. Biotin can be found in a wide variety of food sources.

ANS: T REF: 248 TOP: 5.2

18. Without water, our bodies would not be able to regulate temperature.

ANS: T REF: 253 TOP: 5.3

19. Selenium is an antioxidant nutrient.

ANS: T REF: 271 TOP: 5.5

20. Grains provide a source of manganese.

ANS: T REF: 272 TOP: 5.5

Multiple Choice

1. In general, plant foods provide a good source of:

A. phosphorus.
B. fiber.
C. retinol.
D. sodium.
E. vitamin B12.

ANS: B REF: 227|244|255|262 TOP: 5.1|5.2|5.3|5.4

2. Which of the following nutrients is least involved in evolution and human nutrition?
A. Vitamin D
B. Folate
C. Iron
D. Sulfur
E. All of the above

ANS: D REF: 232|245|267 TOP: 5.1|5.2|5.5

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 Module 5 Test Bank ~ 35

3. Vitamin A in the form of _____ is used to treat acne.

A. retinol
B. retinal
C. retinoic acid
D. beta-carotene
E. lycopene

ANS: C REF: 229 TOP: 5.1

4. Which of the following is a genetic disease for which a low intake of copper is a component
of treatment?
A. Pellagra
B. Wilson’s disease
C. Hemochromatosis
D. Beriberi
E. Goiter

ANS: B REF: 274 TOP: 5.5

5. Which of the following nutrients is used to treat scurvy?

A. Folate
B. Riboflavin
C. Vitamin C
D. Niacin
E. Vitamin D

ANS: C REF: 246 TOP: 5.2

6. Which of the following groups is at highest risk for hemolytic anemia?

A. Premature infants
B. Elderly people who do not get exposure to sunlight
C. Pregnant women
D. Teenagers who do not drink enough water
E. Someone who does not consume animal meat or products

ANS: A REF: 234 TOP: 5.1

7. Iron deficiency causes:

A. microcytic normochromic anemia.
B. macrocytic hypochromic anemia.
C. microcytic hypochromic anemia.
D. macrocytic normochromic anemia.
E. macrocytic hyperchromic anemia.

ANS: C REF: 266 TOP: 5.5

8. Acrodermatitis enteropathica is caused by a deficiency of:

A. iron.
B. zinc.
C. chromium.
D. choline.
E. molybdenum.

ANS: B REF: 269 TOP: 5.5

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36 ~ Module 5 Test Bank

9. Which of the following is required for the absorption of vitamin B12?

A. A coenzyme
B. Intrinsic factor
C. Vitamin C
D. Bile acids
E. None of the above

ANS: B REF: 244 TOP: 5.2

10. Which nutrient potentiates the action of insulin?

A. Magnesium
B. Fluoride
C. Chromium
D. Selenium
E. Iodine

ANS: C REF: 273 TOP: 5.5

11. Which mineral is a central component of vitamin B12?

A. Iron
B. Copper
C. Cobalt
D. Zinc
E. Molybdenum

ANS: C REF: 244|274 TOP: 5.2|5.5

12. Iodine is a component of:

A. hemoglobin.
B. myoglobin.
C. intrinsic factor.
D. insulin.
E. thyroxine.

ANS: E REF: 268 TOP: 5.5

13. Which of the following statements is not true regarding the diagnosis of a nutritional
deficiency?
A. Dietary records should demonstrate low intake for that nutrient.
B. Blood levels should demonstrate high body levels of the nutrient.
C. Tissue levels should demonstrate low body levels of the nutrient.
D. Nutrient supplementation should correct the deficiency symptoms.
E. Clinical deficiency symptoms should be compatible with a low dietary intake.

ANS: B REF: 227 TOP: 5.1

14. Vitamin C helps maintain tissue integrity by:

A. neutralizing foreign proteins.
B. creating an alkaline cell environment.
C. recognizing cell boundaries.
D. forming collagen to bind cells together.
E. increasing inflammation.

ANS: D REF: 246 TOP: 5.2

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 Module 5 Test Bank ~ 37

15. The Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) for folic acid for an adult female or adult male is 400
micrograms/day, but for a pregnant adult woman, the DRI is _____ micrograms/day.
A. 200
B. 400
C. 600
D. 1,000

ANS: C REF: 245 TOP: 5.2

16. Consumption of nuts could help prevent deficiency of:

A. manganese.
B. fluoride.
C. selenium.
D. molybdenum.
E. chromium.

ANS: D REF: 273 TOP: 5.5

17. What is a chemical name for vitamin E?

A. Cobalamin
B. Retinol
C. Tocopherol
D. Cholecalciferol
E. Phosphatidylcholine

ANS: C REF: 233 TOP: 5.1

18. For adults, the DRI for sodium is _____ mg and the UL for sodium is _____ mg.
A. 140; 500
B. 500; 2,400
C. 1,500; 2,300
D. 1,500; 3,800
E. 2,400; 3,800

ANS: C REF: 255 TOP: 5.3

19. The absorption of iron is:

A. increased by consuming water.
B. decreased by consuming meat.
C. unaffected by other nutrients.
D. increased by vitamin C.
E. decreased by vitamin D.

ANS: D REF: 268 TOP: 5.5

20. Which of the following is not a function of zinc in the body?

A. Wound healing
B. Spermatogenesis
C. Blood clotting
D. Taste perception
E. Insulin synthesis

ANS: C REF: 269 TOP: 5.5

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38 ~ Module 5 Test Bank

Answer questions 21-30 based on the case study “Jordan” information below.
Jordan is a 21-year old, male body builder. He is 5’8’’ and weighs 210 pounds. He is
preparing for a contest and wants to drop 20 pounds of weight in six weeks. His diet has
been the same daily. Following is his diet and the results from his diet analysis.
• Breakfast: 12-ounce soy protein shake, 5 egg whites
• Lunch: 1 pound of tuna in water, 6 oz sliced pickles, 12 oz whey (from milk) shake, 3 Tb
wheat germ
• Dinner: 4 baked chicken breasts, 1 cup spinach, 44 oz Diet Coke
• Bed-Time Snack: Protein bar
Basic Components: % of Calories from:
Total Calories 2030 CHO 23%
Protein 305 grams Protein 61%
CHO 114 grams Fat 17%
Total Fat 37 grams
Fiber 17 grams
Cholesterol 421 milligrams
Selected Vitamins (% DRI): Selected Minerals (% DRI):
Vitamin A: 3,290 micrograms (324%) Calcium: 456 milligrams (46%)
Vitamin D: 29 micrograms (193%) Iron: 47 milligrams (588%)
Vitamin E: 62 milligrams (277%) Magnesium: 853 milligrams (176%)
Thiamin: 2.5 milligrams (158%) Phosphorus: 3011 milligrams (377%)
Riboflavin: 3.8 milligrams (244%) Potassium: 4319 milligrams (123%)
Niacin: 126 milligrams (740%) Sodium: 5,338 milligrams (356%)
Vitamin B6: 6.0 milligrams (403%) Zinc: 26 milligrams (189%)
Vitamin B12: 21 micrograms (781%)
Vitamin C: 120 milligrams (109%)
Folate: 592 micrograms (111%)

21. Jordan is at risk for:

A. anemia.
B. night blindness.
C. scurvy.
D. decreased taste acuity.
E. hemosiderosis.

ANS: E REF: 267 TOP: 5.5

22. Jordan’s diet exceeded the Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) for:
A. potassium.
B. vitamin B12.
C. sodium.
D. iron.
E. sodium and iron.

ANS: E REF: 255|265 TOP: 5.3|5.5

23. Jordan’s diet met the Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) for:
A. fiber.
B. carbohydrate.
C. protein.
D. fat.
E. calcium.

ANS: C REF: 259 TOP: 5.4

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 Module 5 Test Bank ~ 39

24. Which food below is not a good source of vitamin B12 in Jordan’s diet?
A. Chicken
B. Egg whites
C. Tuna
D. Wheat germ
E. Whey (milk) shake

ANS: D REF: 244 TOP: 5.2

25. A good source of beta-carotene (provitamin A) in Jordan’s diet was:

A. egg whites.
B. pickles.
C. wheat germ.
D. spinach.
E. Diet Coke.

ANS: D REF: 227|230 TOP: 5.1

26. A good source of calcium in Jordan’s diet was:

A. whey protein shakes.
B. sliced pickles.
C. egg whites.
D. chicken breast.
E. both the whey protein shakes and the egg whites.

ANS: A REF: 260 TOP: 5.4

27. Jordan’s high intake of _____ could contribute to _____.

A. phosphorus, osteomalacia
B. vitamin E, heart disease
C. sodium, high blood pressure (hypertension)
D. vitamin B12, pernicious anemia
E. folate, macrocytic anemia

ANS: C REF: 255 TOP: 5.3

28. A good source of niacin in Jordan’s diet was:

A. spinach.
B. pickles.
C. egg whites.
D. chicken.
E. None of the above

ANS: D REF: 242 TOP: 5.2

29. Jordan’s folate intake could:

A. minimize Jordan’s circulating levels of homocysteine.
B. cause microcytic, normochromic anemia.
C. cause scurvy.
D. reduce the risk of osteoporosis.
E. increase the risk of pellagra.

ANS: A REF: 245 TOP: 5.2

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40 ~ Module 5 Test Bank

30. Jordan’s potassium intake:

A. puts him at risk for developing wet beriberi.
B. puts him at risk for developing dry beriberi.
C. puts him at risk for developing xerophthalmia.
D. puts him at risk for developing osteomalacia.
E. does not likely pose any health risk.

ANS: E REF: 257 TOP: 5.3

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 Module 5 Test Bank ~ 41

Ready-to-Print Module 5 Exam A

True/False

1. Vitamin D regulates calcium absorption and phosphorus excretion.

2. The symptoms of wet beriberi include heart rhythm changes and peripheral paralysis.

3. Vitamin B6 is involved in the metabolism of amino acids.

4. Deficiencies of folate and vitamin B12 cause macrocytic, normochromic anemia.

5. Nutrients with antioxidant function include iodine and folate.

6. Salt is iodized to prevent iodine deficiency and goiter.

7. Ninety percent of the human’s body weight is water.

8. The Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) for selenium for a 20-year-old male is 55 micrograms
per day.

9. Electrolytes play a role in the regulation of plasma osmolarity in the human body.

10. A high-protein, high-phosphorus diet promotes bone demineralization.

11. Vitamin K functions in blood clotting.

12. Rickets results from a riboflavin deficiency.

13. Choline is provided in the diet by egg yolk.

14. Food sources of pantothenic acid are limited to animal products.

15. Some metabolic reactions produce water.

16. Sodium is an intracellular electrolyte.

17. Toxicity of biotin causes a fishy body odor.

18. Most of the water in the body is found inside cells.

19. Water functions in body temperature regulation.

20. In general, toxicity is short lived for fat-soluble vitamins as compared to water-soluble
vitamins.

Multiple Choice

1. Which nutrient functions in carbohydrate metabolism?

A. Thiamin
B. Riboflavin
C. Choline
D. Vitamin B12
E. Pantothenic acid

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42 ~ Module 5 Test Bank

2. Which nutrient functions in nucleic acid synthesis?

A. Thiamin
B. Riboflavin
C. Choline
D. Vitamin B12
E. Pantothenic acid

3. Which nutrient functions in fatty acid metabolism?

A. Thiamin
B. Riboflavin
C. Choline
D. Vitamin B12
E. Vitamin C

4. Which of the following nutrients is used to treat acne?

A. High doses of vitamin A
B. High doses of thiamin
C. High doses of zinc
D. High doses of niacin
E. High doses of vitamin E

5. The evolution of skin tone is tied to a specific genetic alteration in _____, which through the
process of natural selection enabled adequate _____ production.
A. collagen, vitamin C
B. opsin, vitamin A
C. prothromin, vitamin K
D. melanin, vitamin D
E. glutathione peroxidase, zinc

6. The Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) for _____ is based on Calorie intake.
A. vitamin B6
B. riboflavin
C. iron
D. biotin
E. boron

7. The Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) for _____ is based on protein intake.
A. vitamin B6
B. riboflavin
C. iron
D. biotin
E. boron

8. In general, all animal foods provide a good source of:

A. non-heme iron.
B. vitamin E.
C. beta-carotene.
D. vitamin B12.
E. folate.

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 Module 5 Test Bank ~ 43

9. Deficiency of which of the following nutrients causes hemolytic anemia in prematurely born
infants?
A. Iron
B. Vitamin B12
C. Folate
D. Vitamin E
E. Fluoride

10. Which of the following answers describes a function of fluoride in the human body?
A. It stimulates new bone formation.
B. It stabilizes bone mineral structure.
C. It forms decay-resistant fluorhydroxyapatite.
D. B and C
E. A, B, and C

11. Loss of too much fluid from the body is called:

A. dehydration.
B. electrolyte.
C. hemoglobin.
D. goiter.
E. osteomalacia.

12. When diagnosing a nutrient deficiency, _____ should be considered.

A. dietary records
B. clinical signs
C. biochemical test results
D. clinical symptoms
E. All of the above

13. Vitamin C functions in the synthesis of:

A. hemoglobin.
B. thyroxin.
C. collagen.
D. vitamin D.
E. tryptophan.

14. Which of the following nutrients potentiates the action of insulin?

A. Choline
B. Chromium
C. Calcium
D. Cobalt
E. Copper

15. A deficiency of which of the following nutrients is the leading cause of blindness worldwide?
A. Protein
B. Thiamin
C. Iron
D. Vitamin D
E. Vitamin A

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44 ~ Module 5 Test Bank

16. In general, plant foods provide an excellent source of:

A. heme and nonheme iron.
B. vitamin C and vitamin E.
C. calcium and vitamin D.
D. retinol and retinal.
E. vitamin B6 and vitamin B12.

17. Which answer identifies the form of vitamin A that is from animal sources?
A. Alpha-tocopherol
B. Beta-carotene
C. Ascorbic acid
D. Retinol
E. Pyridoxamine

18. Which of the following nutrients enhances the absorption of iron from the gastrointestinal
tract?
A. Biotin
B. Vitamin C
C. Vitamin D
D. Calcium
E. Vitamin E

19. The chemical structure of vitamin B12 includes which mineral?

A. Chromium
B. Iron
C. Cobalt
D. Zinc
E. Fluoride

20. Pellagra is characterized by the three Ds:

A. diarrhea, dementia, and dermatitis.
B. depression, distress, and dizziness.
C. damage to nerves, digitalis, and pressure dilation of pupils.
D. dengue, degeneration, and deftness.
E. dander, death, and decreased blood.

21. Deficiency of _____ causes delayed sexual maturation.

A. water
B. vitamin C
C. vitamin B12
D. zinc
E. chloride

Answer questions 22-30 based on the case study “Beth” information below.
Beth is a 36-year-old female. She is 5 feet 6 inches tall and weighs 180 pounds. She has
been on a self-prescribed high-protein weight-loss diet for 1 year. She recently found out that
she is 3 months pregnant. Below is a 1-day diet with partial dietary analysis results.
Breakfast: An egg scrambled in butter with cheese, bacon, sausage, and black tea with half
and half.
Snack: A handful of almonds and mozzarella cheese.
Dinner: Chicken breast cooked in olive oil, a tossed salad with ham, carrots, cheese, and
regular Caesar dressing.
Snack: Iced tea.

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 Module 5 Test Bank ~ 45

Partial Nutrient Analysis: % Calories

Calories: 1462 Protein: 33%
Protein: 120 grams Carbohydrate: 7%
Carbohydrate: 25 grams (Fiber: 6 grams) Fat: 60%
Fat: 98 grams (Cholesterol: 491 mg)
Vitamins (% DRI) Minerals (% DRI)
Vitamin A: 777 µg (101%) Calcium: 600 mg (60%)
Vitamin D: 3.6 µg (24%) Iron: 11 mg (41%)
Vitamin E: 12.5 mg (83%) Magnesium: 330 mg (103%)
Vitamin C: 6 mg (7%) Phosphorus: 1,365 mg (195%)
Thiamin: 0.91 mg (65%) Potassium: 3,008 mg (64%)
Riboflavin: 1.85 mg (132%) Sodium: 4,170 mg (278%)
Niacin: 40.3 mg (224%) Zinc: 11.8 mg (107%)
Vitamin B6: 2.58 mg (136%) Other
Vitamin B12: 9.67 µg (372%) Alcohol: 0 grams
Folate: 152 µg (25%) Caffeine: 88 mg

22. Beth is at risk for:

A. microcytic hypochromic anemia.
B. pellagra.
C. xerophthalmia.
D. acrodermatitis enteropathica.
E. ariboflavinosis.

23. Beth’s unborn baby is at risk for:

A. delayed sexual maturation.
B. spina bifida.
C. hypotension.
D. pernicious anemia.
E. pellagra.

24. A good source of heme iron in Beth’s diet is:

A. olive oil.
B. ham.
C. carrots.
D. iced tea.
E. almonds.

25. The folate in Beth’s diet came from her intake of the:
A. almonds.
B. tossed salad.
C. cheese.
D. egg.
E. chicken.

26. The best food sources of vitamin E in Beth’s diet were:

A. sausage and ham.
B. salad and carrots.
C. almonds and olive oil.
D. cheese and butter.
E. chicken and egg.

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46 ~ Module 5 Test Bank

27. Beth’s high intake of _____ and low intake of _____ could per her at risk for osteoporosis
later in life.
A. phosphorus, iron
B. phosphorus, calcium
C. magnesium, iron
D. magnesium, calcium
E. sodium; vitamin D

28. Beth’s thiamin intake puts her at risk for having:

A. tingling hands and feet.
B. dry mouth.
C. headache.
D. increased urinary output.
E. tooth enamel changes.

29. Beth’s sodium intake could contribute to the development of:

A. acidosis.
B. bloody stool.
C. cardiac arrest.
D. delayed wound healing.
E. increased blood pressure.

30. Beth should increase her intake of _____ to be nutritionally adequate in vitamin C.
A. nuts and seeds
B. whole grains
C. legumes
D. milk
E. citrus fruits

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 Module 5 Test Bank ~ 47

Ready-to-Print Module 5 Exam B

True/False

1. Riboflavin functions in fatty acid metabolism.

2. Nutrients that function in nucleic acid synthesis include vitamin B12 and folate.

3. Iodine toxicity and deficiency cause goiter.

4. Excess magnesium weakens teeth and contributes to dental caries.

5. Beriberi is a disease caused by a lack of thiamin in the diet.

6. If someone does not eat adequate calcium, it is important for him/her to consume extra
phosphorous to maintain bone density.

7. Excess fluoride can cause discolored teeth.

8. Vitamin E deficiency causes rickets.

9. Vitamin B12 is highly toxic in humans.

10. Pantothenic acid remains stable during food processing.

11. Biotin is involved in energy metabolism.

12. Meat is a good source of selenium.

13. Whole grains provide a source of magnesium and vitamins B1, B2, and B3.

14. The human body can produce some niacin from the amino acid tryptophan.

15. Iron overload can be life threatening and occurs more often in men than women.

16. Vitamin A toxicity symptoms include nausea, vomiting, and headache.

17. Seafood is a good source of iodine.

18. Vitamin D is important for bone mineralization.

19. A fishy body odor can result from choline toxicity.

20. Eighty percent of water in the human body is intracellular and twenty percent is
extracellular.

Multiple Choice

1. In general, animal foods provide a good source of:

A. heme iron and non-heme iron.
B. vitamin C and vitamin E.
C. vitamin A and beta-carotene.
D. vitamin B12, heme iron, and retinol.
E. vitamin K and cobalt.

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48 ~ Module 5 Test Bank

2. In general, plant foods provide a good source of:

A. heme iron.
B. potassium.
C. vitamin D.
D. sodium.
E. vitamin B12.

3. Which of the following nutrients is most effective at protecting red blood cell membranes
from oxidative stress?
A. Vitamin A
B. Thiamin
C. Chromium
D. Niacin
E. Vitamin E

4. Which of the following nutrients is needed to prevent hemolytic anemia in prematurely born
infants?
A. Iron
B. Vitamin B12
C. Folate
D. Vitamin K
E. Vitamin E

5. Thiamin is damaged by:

A. oxygen.
B. light.
C. heat.
D. alkaline conditions.
E. both heat and alkaline conditions.

6. Which of the following conditions is associated with low folic acid intake and is tied to
genetics and evolution?
A. Scurvy
B. Beriberi
C. Pellegra
D. Spina bifida
E. Xerophthalmia

7. Which of the following foods provide a good source of vitamin B 12?

A. Whole grains
B. Meats
C. Cruciferous vegetables
D. Plant oils
E. Legumes

8. Which of the following B vitamins functions in carbohydrate metabolism?

A. Riboflavin
B. Choline
C. Thiamin
D. Folate
E. Vitamin B12

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 Module 5 Test Bank ~ 49

9. A toxicity of which of the following nutrients can result in cardiac arrest?

A. Potassium
B. Water
C. Chromium
D. Vitamin D
E. Riboflavin

10. Chloride plays a role in:

A. blood sugar regulation.
B. plasma osmolarity.
C. calcium absorption.
D. energy transfer.
E. stabilizing protein shape.

11. Selenium toxicity causes:

A. cardiac arrhythmias.
B. water retention.
C. bloody stool and jaundice.
D. garlic breath order.
E. discolored teeth.

12. Which of the following is true regarding recommended vitamin and mineral intakes?
A. Higher levels of fat-soluble vitamins are not harmful because the body utilizes them to
absorb fat.
B. Vitamins and minerals provide a minimal level of Calories too small to measure.
C. Toxicities of water-soluble vitamins are short lived as compared to those of fat-soluble
vitamins.
D. An inappropriate intake of water-soluble vitamins is not possible.
E. Deficiencies of major minerals are more detrimental to health than deficiencies of trace
minerals.

13. Which of the following is a poor source of vitamin C?

A. Citrus fruits
B. Strawberries
C. Milk
D. Peppers
E. Broccoli

14. A deficiency of _____ is tied to the inherited syndrome called Menkes disease.
A. vitamin B6
B. copper
C. molybdenum
D. fluoride
E. biotin

15. Spinach, carrots, and sweet potatoes are good sources of _____ and a healthy diet that
includes these foods can help prevent night blindness.
A. calcium
B. vitamin D
C. cobalt
D. beta-carotene
E. sodium

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50 ~ Module 5 Test Bank

16. Consumption of whole grains could help prevent deficiency of:

A. manganese.
B. fluoride.
C. iodine.
D. calcium.
E. chloride.

17. Which of the following minerals maintains the volume of fluid outside cells?
A. Potassium
B. Chloride
C. Sodium
D. Calcium
E. Both sodium and chloride

18. Pellagra is a disease caused by a deficiency of _____.

A. riboflavin
B. thiamin
C. niacin
D. selenium
E. molybdenum

19. Zinc deficiency is characterized by:

A. mental retardation.
B. delayed sexual maturation.
C. goiter.
D. excessive urination.
E. hypermetabolism.

Answer questions 20-30 based on the case study “Megan” information below.
Megan is a 25-year-old female who eats a raw food vegetarian diet. She is 5 feet 2 inches tall
and weighs 120 pounds. Following are a 1-day diet and the partial dietary analysis results
for that diet.
• Breakfast: ½ cantaloupe, 12 fluid ounces fortified soy milk, 10 dates, 10 pecans
• Lunch: 1 cup apple slices, 4 tablespoons ground peanuts, 20 baby carrots, 12 fluid
ounces of water
• Dinner: salad consisting of ½ cup each alfalfa sprouts, wheat sprouts, bean sprouts,
asparagus, and cauliflower, 1 cup raw spinach, 2 tablespoons olive oil, and 2
tablespoons wheat germ; 8 fluid ounces orange juice
• Snack: 8 carob chip pieces, 12 fluid ounces fortified soy milk
Basic Components % of Calories from:
Total Calories 1720 CHO 55%
Protein 47 grams Protein 11%
CHO 247 grams Fat 34%
Fiber 25 grams SFA: 4%
Total Fat 69 grams MUFA: 18%
Cholesterol 0 milligrams PUFA: 12%
Selected Vitamins (% DRI) Selected Minerals (% DRI)
Vitamin A: 5094 micrograms (728%) Calcium: 860 milligrams (86%)
Vitamin B12: 2.4 micrograms (375%) Phosphorus: 1010 milligrams (144%)
Vitamin C: 425 milligrams (567%) Magnesium: 150 milligrams (47%)
Vitamin D: 2 micrograms (13%) Iron: 11.50 milligrams (64%)
Vitamin E: 28 milligrams (185%) Sodium: 425 milligrams (28%)
Folate: 300 micrograms (75%) Zinc: 8.9 milligrams (111%)

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 Module 5 Test Bank ~ 51

20. Megan’s Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) for vitamin C is _____ mg/day.
A. 60
B. 75
C. 90
D. 120
E. 2,000

21. Megan consumed an adequate amount of sodium to prevent muscle cramps.

A. True
B. False

22. The type of iron that Megan consumed was:

A. heme.
B. non-heme.

23. Which food in Megan’s diet provided the best source of folate?
A. Apples
B. Carrots
C. Spinach
D. Dates
E. Olive oil

24. Megan is at risk for:

A. microcytic anemia.
B. night blindness.
C. scurvy.
D. decreased taste acuity.
E. hemosiderosis.

25. The food source of vitamin B12 in Megan’s diet was most likely the:
A. bean sprouts.
B. ground peanuts.
C. fortified soy milk.
D. orange juice.
E. olive oil.

26. Megan’s cholesterol intake puts her at risk for a deficiency of:
A. vitamin A.
B. vitamin B6.
C. vitamin C.
D. vitamin K.
E. no essential vitamin or mineral.

27. Which food in Megan’s diet did not contribute much to her provitamin A intake?
A. Carrots
B. Cantaloupe
C. Spinach
D. Apple
E. None of the above

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52 ~ Module 5 Test Bank

28. Besides the 12 fluid ounces of water that Megan drank, what else did she consume to
provide a good source of fluid for her body?
A. Orange juice
B. Soy milk
C. Cantaloupe and apple slices
D. Baby carrots
E. All of the above

29. Megan’s high intake of _____ and low intake of _____ could contribute to _____.
A. phosphorus, calcium, osteoporosis
B. vitamin A, vitamin D, xerophthalmia
C. vitamin B12, iron, pernicious anemia
D. vitamin C, sodium, hypertension
E. calcium, sodium, diabetes

30. Megan’s vitamin D intake could lead to:

A. anorexia.
B. osteomalacia.
C. muscle cramps.
D. pernicious anemia.
E. hemorrhaging.

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 Module 5 Test Bank ~ 53

Ready-to-Print Module 5 Exam C

True/False

1. Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin synthesized in the human body from cholesterol.

2. A deficiency of biotin can cause hair loss.

3. Sodium intake should be as low as possible.

4. Deficiency of vitamin B12 leads to hyperglycemia.

5. Whole grains provide manganese, chromium, thiamin, riboflavin, and niacin.

6. Minerals that are needed for bones and teeth include: calcium, phosphorus, magnesium,
and fluoride.

7. Calcium, phosphorous, and magnesium are known as electrolytes.

8. A high-protein, high-phosphorous diet is optimal for increasing bone mass.

9. Excess fluoride causes dental caries.

10. Adult deficiency of vitamin D is called osteomalacia.

11. Pantothenic acid is involved in fatty acid and cholesterol metabolism.

12. Water loss from the body occurs directly through urine, respiration, feces, and sweat.

13. Whole fruits and vegetables provide a concentrated food source of sodium for the body.

14. Keshan disease is a result of too much selenium in the diet.

15. Cocoa products (chocolate) provide a source of magnesium and copper.

16. The Dietary Reference Intake for niacin for an adult male age 19-30 is 14 mg/day.

17. Water functions in lubrication and body temperature regulation.

18. In general, water-soluble vitamin storage is shorter lived as compared to the storage of fat-
soluble vitamins.

19. Essential nutrients with antioxidant functions include vitamin E, vitamin C, and selenium.

20. Vitamin K toxicity affects liver function in infants.

Multiple Choice

1. In general, protein-rich foods provide a good source of:

A. zinc.
B. phosphorus.
C. sulfur.
D. B and C
E. A, B, and C

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54 ~ Module 5 Test Bank

2. Because of the need for sunlight exposure to synthesize vitamin D, deficiency of vitamin D
is most prevalent in:
A. Asia.
B. Africa.
C. South America.
D. Australia.
E. All of the above

3. Which of the following nutrients is required for immune function?

A. Vitamin A
B. Biotin
C. Iodine
D. Molybdenum
E. Chromium

4. Which of the following statements is false about riboflavin?

A. Its Dietary Reference Intake value is based on Calories.
B. It functions in fatty acid metabolism.
C. It is found in milk, organ meats, and grains.
D. It is destroyed by ultraviolet light.
E. Toxicity affects red and white blood cell function.

5. A deficiency of vitamin B12 causes _____ while a deficiency of iron causes _____.
A. aplastic anemia, sickle cell anemia
B. microcytic anemia, macrocytic anemia
C. pernicious anemia, microcytic anemia
D. hemolytic anemia, microcytic anemia
E. pernicious anemia, macrocytic anemia

6. Which of the following is a function of thiamin?

A. Fat catabolism in the intestine
B. Carbohydrate metabolism
C. Protein synthesis
D. Nucleic acid synthesis
E. Cholesterol metabolism

7. Choline functions in:

A. copper metabolism.
B. memory.
C. appetite regulation.
D. nucleic acid synthesis.
E. formation of collagen.

8. Pantothenic acid functions in:

A. insulin synthesis.
B. bone mineralization.
C. cholesterol metabolism.
D. nucleic acid synthesis.
E. formation of collagen.

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 Module 5 Test Bank ~ 55

9. Too much sodium in the body may result in:

A. pernicious anemia.
B. dehydration.
C. tachycardia.
D. goiter.
E. edema.

10. The kidneys will make concentrated urine when the body is in a state of:
A. hyperhydration.
B. dehydration.
C. obligatory hydration.
D. hypo-osmotic fluid intake.
E. trans-osmolarity.

11. Cobalt is a component of _____, sulfur is a component of _____, and iodine is a component
of _____.
A. tocopherol, cysteine, insulin
B. choline, homocysteine, opsin
C. vitamin B12, methionine, thyroxine
D. biotin, pyridoxamine, folacin
E. tryptophan, niacin, salt

12. Which of the following is not true regarding recommended vitamin and mineral intakes?
A. Vitamins and minerals are required at specific levels for normal function.
B. The current goal is to establish levels of essential nutrient intakes that support health.
C. Higher levels of fat-soluble vitamins are not harmful because the body utilizes them to
absorb fat.
D. Intake of too much or too little of a vitamin can result in serious health consequences.
E. Minerals can function as enzyme cofactors.

13. Which of the following nutrients does not have a Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL)?
A. Calcium
B. Vitamin A
C. Vitamin B12
D. Sodium
E. None of the above

14. Which of the following statements is true in regards to vitamin A?

A. It is an essential water-soluble vitamin.
B. Vitamin A functions in carbohydrate metabolism.
C. The Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) is given in the units of micrograms.
D. The Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) is given in International Units (IU).
E. The isomer of retinal is found in plant sources.

15. Which of the following is not one of the functions of vitamin C?

A. Cofactor for carnitine synthesis
B. Synthesis of collagen
C. Promotes the absorption of iron
D. Supports hair growth
E. Protects water-soluble cellular components from oxidative damage

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56 ~ Module 5 Test Bank

16. Tea provides a source of:

A. manganese.
B. fluoride.
C. copper.
D. A and B
E. A, B, and C

17. Which of the following foods provides the richest source of vitamin E?
A. Vegetable oils
B. Milk
C. Fruits
D. Grains
E. Meat

18. What type of cells are especially maintained by vitamin A?

A. Connective
B. Nervous
C. Epithelial
D. Muscle
E. Fat

19. Which nutrient is needed for its oxygen-carrying ability in blood?

A. Sodium
B. Zinc
C. Iron
D. Molybdenum
E. Magnesium

20. Which of the following foods provides the richest source of zinc?
A. Rice
B. Celery
C. Shellfish
D. Apple
E. Milk

Answer questions 21-30 based on the case study “Beth” information below.
Beth is a 36-year-old female. She is 5 feet 6 inches tall and weighs 180 pounds. She has
been on a self-prescribed high-protein weight-loss diet for 1 year. She recently found out that
she is 3 months pregnant. Below is a 1-day diet with partial dietary analysis results.
Breakfast: An egg scrambled in butter with cheese, bacon, sausage, and black tea with half
and half.
Snack: A handful of almonds and mozzarella cheese.
Dinner: Chicken breast cooked in olive oil, a tossed salad with ham, carrots, cheese, and
regular Caesar dressing.
Snack: Iced tea.
Partial Nutrient Analysis: % Calories
Calories: 1462 Protein: 33%
Protein: 120 grams Carbohydrate: 7%
Carbohydrate: 25 grams (Fiber: 6 grams) Fat: 60%
Fat: 98 grams (Cholesterol: 491 mg)

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 Module 5 Test Bank ~ 57

Vitamins (% DRI) Minerals (% DRI)

Vitamin A: 777 µg (101%) Calcium: 600 mg (60%)
Vitamin D: 3.6 µg (24%) Iron: 11 mg (41%)
Vitamin E: 12.5 mg (83%) Magnesium: 330 mg (103%)
Vitamin C: 6 mg (7%) Phosphorus: 1,365 mg (195%)
Thiamin: 0.91 mg (65%) Potassium: 3,008 mg (64%)
Riboflavin: 1.85 mg (132%) Sodium: 4,170 mg (278%)
Niacin: 40.3 mg (224%) Zinc: 11.8 mg (107%)
Vitamin B6: 2.58 mg (136%) Other
Vitamin B12: 9.67 µg (372%) Alcohol: 0 grams
Folate: 152 µg (25%) Caffeine: 88 mg

21. Beth is at risk for:

A. osteoporosis.
B. hyperhomocystemia.
C. night blindness.
D. A and B
E. A, B, and C

22. The highest source of phosphorus in Beth’s diet is:

A. iced tea.
B. salad.
C. olive oil.
D. chicken breast.
E. almonds.

23. Beth has a high-protein and low-carbohydrate diet; thus, it is good that she has an
adequate intake of _____ to function in the interconversion of amino acids to carbohydrate.
A. riboflavin
B. choline
C. vitamin B6
D. vitamin B12
E. phosphorus

24. The best source of beta-carotene in Beth’s diet is:

A. carrots.
B. almonds.
C. olive oil.
D. egg.
E. mozzarella (white) cheese.

25. The best source of calcium in Beth’s diet is:

A. sausage.
B. salad.
C. tea.
D. cheese.
E. egg.

26. Beth should add _____ to her diet to improve her folate status.
A. spinach
B. orange juice
C. legumes
D. A and B
E. A, B, and C

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58 ~ Module 5 Test Bank

27. What type of iron is Beth predominantly consuming?

A. Hemolytic
B. Heme
C. Nonheme
D. Major
E. Minor

28. Beth’s potassium intake could cause her to experience:

A. hair loss.
B. cardiac arrhythmia and muscle weakness.
C. bone loss and pain.
D. dry skin and rash.
E. burning feet and fatigue.

29. The niacin in Beth’s diet would help protect her from:
A. pellagra.
B. pernicious anemia.
C. night blindness.
D. scurvy.
E. homocysteinemia.

30. Beth may be at risk for beriberi due to her low intake of:
A. potassium.
B. iron.
C. thiamin.
D. folate.
E. carbohydrate.

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 Module 5 Test Bank ~ 59

Ready-to-Print Module 5 Exam D

True/False

1. Pantothenic acid functions in cholesterol metabolism.

2. Vitamin B6 functions in protein metabolism.

3. Iodine functions in the production of collagen.

4. Excess zinc interferes with electrolyte balance.

5. Scurvy is a disease caused by a lack of vitamin C in the diet.

6. Vitamins D and K are beneficial for bone health.

7. Grains provide a good food source of fluoride.

8. An excess intake of copper is not associated with negative health effects.

9. Choline toxicity causes hypertension.

10. Citrus fruits provide a good source of vitamin K.

11. Vitamin E is damaged by oxygen and light.

12. Both deficiency and toxicity of thiamin can cause insomnia.

13. Dairy products provide a source of calcium and riboflavin.

14. The bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract produce bioavailable vitamin K.

15. Dehydration impairs mental and physical performance.

16. Selenium functions as a cofactor for the antioxidant enzyme glutathione peroxidase.

17. Manganese is needed for blood clotting.

18. Fluoride helps form teeth but not bones.

19. Chromium is limited in the food supply.

20. Sodium is an intracellular electrolyte while potassium is an extracellular electrolyte.

Multiple Choice

1. Good sources of fluid for the body besides drinking water include:
A. fruits and vegetables.
B. milk and juice.
C. nuts and seeds.
D. A and B
E. A, B, and C

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60 ~ Module 5 Test Bank

2. A deficiency of _____ causes macrocytic anemia.

A. iron
B. folate
C. vitamin B12
D. folate or vitamin B12
E. iron, folate, or vitamin B12

3. Hereditary hemochromatosis is a genetic disorder that causes excessive intestinal

absorption of:
A. vitamin A.
B. niacin.
C. zinc.
D. iron.
E. cobalt.

4. Which of the following is the least important for diagnosing a nutritional deficiency or
toxicity?
A. Dietary records
B. Clinical symptoms
C. Biochemical test results
D. Log of physical activity
E. Diet analysis results

5. Which of the following conditions has been associated with low vitamin A intake?
A. Scurvy
B. Beriberi
C. Pellegra
D. Spina bifida
E. Xerophthalmia

6. Which nutrient can be stored long term in the liver?

A. Thiamin
B. Riboflavin
C. Niacin
D. Vitamin B6
E. Vitamin B12

7. Which of the following statements is false about fat-soluble vitamins?

A. Vitamin D can be synthesized from cholesterol, starting in the skin.
B. Beta-carotene can be converted to active vitamin A inside the body.
C. Vitamin E is widely distributed in plant and animal foods.
D. Vitamin K deficiency causes hemorrhaging.
E. There are many chemical forms of vitamins A, E, and K.

8. Which of the following water-soluble vitamins does not have a primary function related to
energy metabolism?
A. Riboflavin
B. Vitamin C
C. Thiamin
D. Pantothenic acid
E. Niacin

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 Module 5 Test Bank ~ 61

9. A toxicity of which nutrient is associated with sensory neuropathy?

A. Phosphorus
B. Chromium
C. Molybdenum
D. Vitamin B6
E. Vitamin E

10. Impaired copper absorption and/or metabolism is associated with an excess intake of:
A. molybdenum.
B. zinc.
C. iodine.
D. molybdenum and zinc.
E. molybdenum, zinc, and iodine.

11. Which of the following minerals is a component of certain amino acids?

A. Boron
B. Calcium
C. Sulfur
D. Fluoride
E. Chromium

12. Symptoms of _____ deficiency occur in the shortest amount of time.

A. choline
B. water
C. calcium
D. sodium
E. iron

13. Which of the following minerals potentiates the action of insulin?

A. Iodine
B. Magnesium
C. Potassium
D. Copper
E. Chromium

14. A deficiency of _____ most commonly causes a microcytic hypochromic anemia.

A. vitamin B6
B. iron
C. copper
D. vitamin C
E. vitamin E

15. Which of the following foods would not be a good source of vitamin C?
A. Strawberries
B. Oranges
C. Peppers
D. Cabbage
E. Legumes

16. Consumption of whole grains provides a good source of:

A. vitamins A, D, E, and K.
B. thiamin, riboflavin, and niacin.
C. sodium, potassium, and chloride.
D. calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium.
E. iron, zinc, and copper.

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62 ~ Module 5 Test Bank

17. A deficiency of _____ causes osteomalacia in adults.

A. magnesium
B. fluoride
C. calcium
D. vitamin D
E. vitamin K

18. Diarrhea is a symptom associated with _____ deficiency and a disease called _____.
A. niacin, pellagra
B. thiamin, beriberi
C. vitamin C, scurvy
D. vitamin D, rickets
E. molybdenum, xerophthalmia

19. An iodine deficiency is characterized by:

A. hemolytic anemia.
B. delayed sexual maturation.
C. goiter.
D. excessive urination.
E. increased metabolic rate.

Answer questions 20-30 based on the case study “Trevor” information below.
Trevor is a 19-year-old male who is 5 feet 10 inches tall, weighs 150 pounds, and is very
physically active. Trevor spends his summers fishing and hunting in Alaska. He goes out on
trips and takes only the following consumable items with him: instant coffee, granola bars,
nonfat dry milk, mixed nuts, milk chocolate chips, beer, and cigarettes. He lives off the land
for the rest of his dietary needs. After his trips, he comes to town to stock up on more
supplies and then returns for more hunting and fishing. Following is partial information
from the average results of a 4-day dietary analysis. A typical day’s intake: 2 granola bars,
3 cups of blueberries, 16 ounces instant coffee, 12 ounces wild game meat, 1 cup nonfat dry
milk reconstituted in 3 cups filtered stream water, 2 cups kelp seaweed, 10 ounces pink
salmon, 1 cup mixed nuts, 0.5 cups milk chocolate chips, 6 beers (12 ounces each), 48
ounces filtered stream water, and ½ pack of cigarettes.
Basic Components % of Calories from:
Total Calories: 3586 CHO: 31%
Protein: 225 grams Protein: 25%
Digestible CHO (starch & sugar): 281 grams Fat: 29%
Fiber: 27 grams Alcohol: 15% (77 grams)
Total Fat: 120 grams
Cholesterol: 445 milligrams
Selected Vitamins (% DRI) Selected Minerals (% DRI)
Thiamin: 1.66 milligrams (138%) Calcium: 1,606 milligrams (161%)
Riboflavin: 3.8 milligrams (292%) Iron: 28.7 milligrams (359%)
Niacin: 57.7 milligrams (360%) Magnesium: 895 milligrams (224%)
Vitamin B6: 3.41 milligrams (262%) Potassium: 5,611 milligrams (119%)
Vitamin B12: 33 micrograms (1382%) Zinc: 25 milligrams (230%)
Folate: 571 micrograms (143%) Sodium: 2,240 milligrams (149%)
Vitamin C: 68 milligrams (76%)
Vitamin D: 7.7 micrograms (51%)
Vitamin A: 751 micrograms (84%)
Vitamin E: 12.7 milligrams (84%)

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 Module 5 Test Bank ~ 63

20. Trevor’s recommended vitamin C intake is _____ mg/day since he smokes cigarettes.
A. 60
B. 75
C. 90
D. 125
E. 2,000

21. Trevor has dreams of one day leaving the wild, giving up smoking and drinking, settling
down with the woman of his dreams, and having children. Which nutrient in Trevor’s diet
supports his fertility?
A. Iron
B. Zinc
C. Riboflavin
D. Magnesium
E. Vitamin E

22. Which food in Trevor’s diet provided the best source of vitamin E?
A. Granola bars
B. Wild game meat
C. Mixed nuts
D. Blueberries
E. Kelp seaweed

23. Which food in Trevor’s diet provided the best source of vitamin B12?
A. Granola bars
B. Wild game meat
C. Mixed nuts
D. Blueberries
E. Kelp seaweed

24. Which food in Trevor’s diet provided the best source of vitamin C?
A. Nonfat dry milk
B. Wild game meat
C. Mixed nuts
D. Blueberries
E. Milk chocolate

25. The chocolate that Trevor ate provided a good source of:
A. magnesium.
B. beta-carotene.
C. vitamin C.
D. iron.
E. molybdenum.

26. Trevor’s diet exceeded the tolerable upper intake level (UL) for:
A. vitamin B12.
B. iron.
C. sodium.
D. vitamin D.
E. niacin.

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64 ~ Module 5 Test Bank

27. Trevor’s niacin intake level could lead to _____ since _____.
A. no signs and symptoms; he did not take supplements
B. blurred vision; his intake was toxic
C. fatigue; his intake was deficient
D. low energy; his intake was from wild game
E. None of the above

28. It is a good thing that Trevor’s diet is adequate in thiamin because he needs it to metabolize
_____ through glycolysis and the citric acid cycle.
A. fatty acids
B. amino acids
C. lactose
D. tobacco
E. glucose

29. Trevor’s diet is not adequate in:

A. calcium and vitamin D.
B. sodium and potassium.
C. zinc and iron.
D. vitamin C and vitamin E.
E. thiamin and riboflavin.

30. The type of iron that Trevor consumed was:

A. heme.
B. non-heme.

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 Module 5 Test Bank ~ 65

Ready-to-Print Module 5 Practice Exam

True/False

1. The UL (tolerable upper intake level) for calcium for a 35-year-old female is 5 grams.

2. Vitamin K functions as a fat-soluble antioxidant.

3. Vitamin B6 is a water-soluble vitamin, and therefore cannot be toxic.

4. Dry beriberi is common in alcoholics and includes symptoms of dermatitis and jaundice.

5. Thiamin functions in fatty acid metabolism.

6. Goiter is a condition related to iodine deficiency.

7. The majority of body water is extracellular.

8. Sodium, potassium, and chloride function as electrolytes.

9. Smoking and alcohol consumption can negatively influence bone density.

10. Approximately 99% of the calcium in the body is in bones and teeth.

11. Optimal fluoride levels help prevent dental caries.

12. Newborns are typically given vitamin K shots due to their lack of gastrointestinal bacteria.

13. Cocoa products provide a food source of copper.

14. A choline deficiency can result in liver damage.

15. Burning feet, sleep disturbances, and muscle cramps are all signs of pantothenic acid
deficiency.

16. Food sources of sodium include whole fruits and vegetables.

17. Biotin can be found in a wide variety of food sources.

18. Without water, our bodies would not be able to regulate temperature.

19. Selenium is an antioxidant nutrient.

20. Grains provide a source of manganese.

Multiple Choice

1. In general, plant foods provide a good source of:

A. phosphorus.
B. fiber.
C. retinol.
D. sodium.
E. vitamin B12.

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66 ~ Module 5 Test Bank

2. Which of the following nutrients is least involved in evolution and human nutrition?
A. Vitamin D
B. Folate
C. Iron
D. Sulfur
E. All of the above

3. Vitamin A in the form of _____ is used to treat acne.

A. retinol
B. retinal
C. retinoic acid
D. beta-carotene
E. lycopene

4. Which of the following is a genetic disease for which a low intake of copper is a component
of treatment?
A. Pellagra
B. Wilson’s disease
C. Hemochromatosis
D. Beriberi
E. Goiter

5. Which of the following nutrients is used to treat scurvy?

A. Folate
B. Riboflavin
C. Vitamin C
D. Niacin
E. Vitamin D

6. Which of the following groups is at highest risk for hemolytic anemia?

A. Premature infants
B. Elderly people who do not get exposure to sunlight
C. Pregnant women
D. Teenagers who do not drink enough water
E. Someone who does not consume animal meat or products

7. Iron deficiency causes:

A. microcytic normochromic anemia.
B. macrocytic hypochromic anemia.
C. microcytic hypochromic anemia.
D. macrocytic normochromic anemia.
E. macrocytic hyperchromic anemia.

8. Acrodermatitis enteropathica is caused by a deficiency of:

A. iron.
B. zinc.
C. chromium.
D. choline.
E. molybdenum.

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 Module 5 Test Bank ~ 67

9. Which of the following is required for the absorption of vitamin B12?

A. A coenzyme
B. Intrinsic factor
C. Vitamin C
D. Bile acids
E. None of the above

10. Which nutrient potentiates the action of insulin?

A. Magnesium
B. Fluoride
C. Chromium
D. Selenium
E. Iodine

11. Which mineral is a central component of vitamin B12?

A. Iron
B. Copper
C. Cobalt
D. Zinc
E. Molybdenum

12. Iodine is a component of:

A. hemoglobin.
B. myoglobin.
C. intrinsic factor.
D. insulin.
E. thyroxine.

13. Which of the following statements is not true regarding the diagnosis of a nutritional
deficiency?
A. Dietary records should demonstrate low intake for that nutrient.
B. Blood levels should demonstrate high body levels of the nutrient.
C. Tissue levels should demonstrate low body levels of the nutrient.
D. Nutrient supplementation should correct the deficiency symptoms.
E. Clinical deficiency symptoms should be compatible with a low dietary intake.

14. Vitamin C helps maintain tissue integrity by:

A. neutralizing foreign proteins.
B. creating an alkaline cell environment.
C. recognizing cell boundaries.
D. forming collagen to bind cells together.
E. increasing inflammation.

15. The Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) for folic acid for an adult female or adult male is 400
micrograms/day, but for a pregnant adult woman, the DRI is _____ micrograms/day.
A. 200
B. 400
C. 600
D. 1,000

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68 ~ Module 5 Test Bank

16. Consumption of nuts could help prevent deficiency of:

A. manganese.
B. fluoride.
C. selenium.
D. molybdenum.
E. chromium.

17. What is a chemical name for vitamin E?

A. Cobalamin
B. Retinol
C. Tocopherol
D. Cholecalciferol
E. Phosphatidylcholine

18. For adults, the DRI for sodium is _____ mg and the UL for sodium is _____ mg.
A. 140; 500
B. 500; 2,400
C. 1,500; 2,300
D. 1,500; 3,800
E. 2,400; 3,800

19. The absorption of iron is:

A. increased by consuming water.
B. decreased by consuming meat.
C. unaffected by other nutrients.
D. increased by vitamin C.
E. decreased by vitamin D.

20. Which of the following is not a function of zinc in the body?

A. Wound healing
B. Spermatogenesis
C. Blood clotting
D. Taste perception
E. Insulin synthesis

Answer questions 21-30 based on the case study “Jordan” information below.
Jordan is a 21-year old, male body builder. He is 5’8’’ and weighs 210 pounds. He is
preparing for a contest and wants to drop 20 pounds of weight in six weeks. His diet has
been the same daily. Following is his diet and the results from his diet analysis.
• Breakfast: 12-ounce soy protein shake, 5 egg whites
• Lunch: 1 pound of tuna in water, 6 oz sliced pickles, 12 oz whey (from milk) shake, 3 Tb
wheat germ
• Dinner: 4 baked chicken breasts, 1 cup spinach, 44 oz Diet Coke
• Bed-Time Snack: Protein bar
Basic Components: % of Calories from:
Total Calories 2030 CHO 23%
Protein 305 grams Protein 61%
CHO 114 grams Fat 17%
Total Fat 37 grams
Fiber 17 grams
Cholesterol 421 milligrams

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 Module 5 Test Bank ~ 69

Selected Vitamins (% DRI): Selected Minerals (% DRI):

Vitamin A: 3,290 micrograms (324%) Calcium: 456 milligrams (46%)
Vitamin D: 29 micrograms (193%) Iron: 47 milligrams (588%)
Vitamin E: 62 milligrams (277%) Magnesium: 853 milligrams (176%)
Thiamin: 2.5 milligrams (158%) Phosphorus: 3011 milligrams (377%)
Riboflavin: 3.8 milligrams (244%) Potassium: 4319 milligrams (123%)
Niacin: 126 milligrams (740%) Sodium: 5,338 milligrams (356%)
Vitamin B6: 6.0 milligrams (403%) Zinc: 26 milligrams (189%)
Vitamin B12: 21 micrograms (781%)
Vitamin C: 120 milligrams (109%)
Folate: 592 micrograms (111%)

21. Jordan is at risk for:

A. anemia.
B. night blindness.
C. scurvy.
D. decreased taste acuity.
E. hemosiderosis.

22. Jordan’s diet exceeded the Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) for:
A. potassium.
B. vitamin B12.
C. sodium.
D. iron.
E. sodium and iron.

23. Jordan’s diet met the Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) for:
A. fiber.
B. carbohydrate.
C. protein.
D. fat.
E. calcium.

24. Which food below is not a good source of vitamin B12 in Jordan’s diet?
A. Chicken
B. Egg whites
C. Tuna
D. Wheat germ
E. Whey (milk) shake

25. A good source of beta-carotene (provitamin A) in Jordan’s diet was:

A. egg whites.
B. pickles.
C. wheat germ.
D. spinach.
E. Diet Coke.

26. A good source of calcium in Jordan’s diet was:

A. whey protein shakes.
B. sliced pickles.
C. egg whites.
D. chicken breast.
E. both the whey protein shakes and the egg whites.

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70 ~ Module 5 Test Bank

27. Jordan’s high intake of _____ could contribute to _____.

A. phosphorus, osteomalacia
B. vitamin E, heart disease
C. sodium, high blood pressure (hypertension)
D. vitamin B12, pernicious anemia
E. folate, macrocytic anemia

28. A good source of niacin in Jordan’s diet was:

A. spinach.
B. pickles.
C. egg whites.
D. chicken.
E. None of the above

29. Jordan’s folate intake could:

A. minimize Jordan’s circulating levels of homocysteine.
B. cause microcytic, normochromic anemia.
C. cause scurvy.
D. reduce the risk of osteoporosis.
E. increase the risk of pellagra.

30. Jordan’s potassium intake:

A. puts him at risk for developing wet beriberi.
B. puts him at risk for developing dry beriberi.
C. puts him at risk for developing xerophthalmia.
D. puts him at risk for developing osteomalacia.
E. does not likely pose any health risk.

© 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a
license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.