Test Bank for Organic Chemistry 5th Edition Smith 0078021553

9780078021558
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1. Which of the following statements about substitution reactions is true?

A. Substitution reactions involve π bonds.

B. Substitution reactions involve σ bonds.
C. One σ bond breaks and another forms at a different carbon atom.
D. One π bond breaks and another forms at the same carbon atom.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand
Difficulty: Easy
Gradable: automatic
Section: 06.02
Subtopic: Bond dissociation energy
Topic: Chemical Reactions

2.
What kind of reaction does the conversion of A to B represent?

A. Addition reaction.
B. Substitution reaction.
C. Elimination reaction.
D. Acid-base reaction.

Bloom's Level: 2.
Understand Difficulty: Easy
Gradable: automatic
Section: 06.02

Subtopic: Bond dissociation energy

Topic: Chemical Reactions

3. Which of the following statements about elimination reactions is true?

A. Two σ bonds are broken.

B. Two σ bonds are formed.
C. Two π bonds are broken.
D. Two π bonds are formed.

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 Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom's Level: 2. Understand Difficulty: Easy Gradable:
automatic Section: 06.02

Subtopic: Bond dissociation energy Topic: Chemical Reactions

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4.
What kind of reaction does the conversion of A to B represent?

A. Addition reaction.
B. Elimination reaction.
C. Substitution reaction.
D. Oxidation-reduction reaction.

Bloom's Level: 2.
Understand Difficulty: Easy
Gradable: automatic
Section: 06.02

Subtopic: Bond dissociation energy

Topic: Chemical Reactions

5. Which of the following statements about addition reactions is true?

A. Two π bonds are formed.

B. Two π bonds are broken.
C. Two σ bonds are formed.
D. One π bond is formed.

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Navigation Bloom's Level: 2.
Understand Difficulty: Easy
Gradable: automatic Section:
06.02

Subtopic: Bond dissociation energy

Topic: Chemical Reactions

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6.
What kind of reaction does the conversion of A to B represent?

A. Acid-base reaction.
B. Elimination reaction.
C. Substitution reaction.
D. Addition reaction.

Bloom's Level: 2.
Understand Difficulty: Easy
Gradable: automatic
Section: 06.02

Subtopic: Bond dissociation energy

Topic: Chemical Reactions

7. Which of the following statements about bond breaking is true?

A. Homolysis and heterolysis require energy.

B. In homolysis, the electrons in the bond are divided unequally.
C. In heterolysis, the electrons in the bond are divided equally.
D. Homolysis generates charged intermediates.

Accessibility: Keyboard
Navigation Bloom's Level: 2.
Understand Difficulty: Easy
Gradable: automatic Section:
06.03

Subtopic: Bond dissociation energy

Topic: Chemical Reactions

8. Which of the following statements about bond breaking is not true?

A. Homolysis generates uncharged reactive intermediates with unpaired electrons.

B. Homolysis require energy but heterolysis does not require energy.
C. Heterolysis generates charged intermediates.
D. Heterolysis involves unequal sharing of bonding electrons by atoms.

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Navigation Bloom's Level: 2.
Understand Difficulty: Easy
Gradable: automatic Section:
06.03

Subtopic: Bond dissociation energy

Topic: Chemical Reactions

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9. Which of the following statements is true?

A. Ionic intermediates are formed in radical reactions.

B. Radicals are intermediates in polar reactions.
C. Carbocations are electrophiles.
D. Radicals are nucleophiles.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom's Level: 3. Apply
Difficulty: Easy
Gradable: automatic
Section: 06.03
Subtopic: Bond dissociation energy
Topic: Chemical Reactions

10. Which of the following statements is not true?

A. In polar reactions, a nucleophile reacts with an electrophile.

B. Carbocations are electrophiles.
C. Carbanions are nucleophiles.
D. A half-headed curved arrow shows the movement of an electron pair.

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Bloom's Level: 3. Apply
Difficulty: Easy
Gradable: automatic
Section: 06.03
Subtopic: Bond dissociation energy
Topic: Chemical Reactions

11. Which of the following statements is not true?

A. Bond breaking is endothermic.

B. The bond dissociation energy for bond breaking is always negative.
C. Bond making is exothermic.
D. The bond dissociation energy for bond formation is always negative.

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Bloom's Level: 2. Understand
Difficulty: Easy
Gradable: automatic
Section: 06.04
Subtopic: Bond dissociation energy
Topic: Chemical Reactions

12. Which of the following statements is true?

A. Bond dissociation energies increase down a column of the periodic table.

B. When DH° is positive, more energy is released in forming bonds than is needed to break bonds.
C. When DH° is negative, more energy is needed to break bonds than is released in forming bonds.
D. Bond dissociation energies decrease down a column of the periodic table.

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Bloom's Level: 2. Understand
Difficulty: Easy
Gradable: automatic
Section: 06.04
Subtopic: Bond dissociation energy
Topic: Chemical Reactions

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13.
Using the bond dissociation energies given, calculate DH° for the following reaction.

Bond A-B DH° KJ/mol

(CH3)3C-Cl 331
H-OH 498
(CH3)3C-OH 401
H-Cl 431

A. +3 KJ/mol
B. -3 KJ/mol
C. -67 KJ/mol
D. +70 KJ/mol

Bloom's Level: 5. Evaluate

Difficulty: Medium
Gradable: automatic
Section: 06.04
Subtopic: Bond dissociation energy
Subtopic: Enthalpy
Subtopic: Thermodynamics
Topic: Chemical Reactions

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14.
Using the bond dissociation energies given, calculate DH° for the following reaction.

Bond A-B DH° KJ/mol

CH3CH2-Br 285
H-OH 498
CH3CH2-OH 393
H-Br 368

A. +108 KJ/mol
B. -130 KJ/mol
C. -22 KJ/mol
D. +22 KJ/mol

Bloom's Level: 5. Evaluate

Difficulty: Medium
Gradable: automatic
Section: 06.04
Subtopic: Bond dissociation energy
Subtopic: Enthalpy
Subtopic: Thermodynamics
Topic: Chemical Reactions

15. Which of the following statements about the equilibrium constant, Keq, is true?

A.
When Keq > 1, the equilibrium favors the reactants.

B.
When Keq < 1, the equilibrium favors the products.

C.
The size of Keq tells about the position of equilibrium.

D. For a reaction to be useful, the equilibrium must favor the reactants.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom's Level: 3. Apply
Difficulty: Easy
Gradable: automatic
Section: 06.07
Subtopic: Energy diagrams
Subtopic: Thermodynamics
Topic: Chemical Reactions

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16. Which of the following statements about equilibrium is true?

A. Equilibrium favors the products when the energy of the products is higher than the energy of the reactants.
B. Equilibrium favors the reactants when the energy of the product is lower than the energy of the reactants.
C.
Equilibrium favors the products when they are less stable than the starting material of a reaction.

D. Equilibrium favors the products when they are more stable than the starting material of a reaction.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom's Level: 3. Apply
Difficulty: Easy
Gradable: automatic
Section: 06.07
Subtopic: Energy diagrams
Subtopic: Thermodynamics
Topic: Chemical Reactions

17.
Which of the following expressions summarizes the correct relationship between the free energy change, DG°, and the
equilibrium constant, Keq?

A.
Keq > 1 when DG° > 0

B.
Keq > 1 when DG° < 0

C.
Keq < 1 when DG° < 0

D.
Keq < 1 when DG° = 0

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom's Level: 3. Apply
Difficulty: Easy
Gradable: automatic
Section: 06.07
Subtopic: Energy diagrams
Subtopic: Gibbs free energy
Topic: Chemical Reactions

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18.
Which of the Keq corresponds to the lowest value of DG°?

A.
-3
Keq = 10

B.
-2
Keq = 10

C.
-1
Keq = 10

D.
DG° cannot be determined.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom's Level: 3. Apply
Difficulty: Easy
Gradable: automatic
Section: 06.07
Subtopic: Energy diagrams
Subtopic: Gibbs free energy
Topic: Chemical Reactions

19. Which of the Keq corresponds to the highest value of DG°?

A.

-1
Keq = 10

B.
-2
Keq = 10

C.
-3
Keq = 10

D.
-5
Keq = 10

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom's Level: 3. Apply
Difficulty: Easy
Gradable: automatic
Section: 06.07
Subtopic: Energy diagrams
Subtopic: Gibbs free energy
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 Topic: Chemical Reactions

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20.
Which of the Keq corresponds to the most negative value of DG°?

A.
Keq = 1

B.
1
Keq = 10

C.
2
Keq = 10

D.
3
Keq = 10

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom's Level: 3. Apply
Difficulty: Easy
Gradable: automatic
Section: 06.07
Subtopic: Energy diagrams
Subtopic: Gibbs free energy
Topic: Chemical Reactions

21. Which of the following statements is true?

A. The product is favored in reaction in which DH° is a positive value.

B. Entropy decreases when an acyclic compound forms a ring.
C. In homolytic bond cleavage, entropy decreases and favors formation of products.
D. The starting material is favored in a reaction in which DH° is a negative value.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom's Level: 3. Apply
Difficulty: Medium
Gradable: automatic
Section: 06.06
Subtopic: Enthalpy
Subtopic: Entropy
Topic: Chemical Reactions

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22. Which of the following statements is true?

A. The size of the activation energy tells us about the reaction mechanism.
B. The size of the activation energy tells us about the reaction rate.
C. A slow reaction has low activation energy.
D.
A fast reaction has high activation energy.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom's Level: 3. Apply
Difficulty: Easy
Gradable: automatic
Section: 06.07
Subtopic: Energy diagrams
Topic: Chemical Reactions

23. Which of the following statements is not true?

A. Two reactions can have identical values for DH° but very different Ea values.
B. The larger the activation energy, the slower the reaction.
C. DH° determines the height of the energy barrier.
D. The lower the activation energy, the faster the reaction.

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Bloom's Level: 3. Apply
Difficulty: Easy
Gradable: automatic
Section: 06.07
Subtopic: Energy diagrams
Topic: Chemical Reactions

24. What is the name given to the reaction species that lies at an energy minimum between steps on a reaction energy
diagram?

A. Transition state
B. Activation energy
C. Reactive intermediate
D. Equilibrium product

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Bloom's Level: 3. Apply
Difficulty: Easy
Gradable: automatic
Section: 06.07
Subtopic: Energy diagrams
Topic: Chemical Reactions

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25. Which of the following statements about a two-step reaction mechanism is true?

A. The transition states are located at energy minima.

B. Each step is characterized by its own value of DH° and Ea.
C. The rate-determining step has the lower energy transition state.
D. The reactive intermediate is located at an energy maximum.

Accessibility: Keyboard
Navigation Bloom's Level: 3. Apply
Difficulty: Easy Gradable:
automatic Section: 06.08

Subtopic: Energy diagrams

Topic: Chemical Reactions

26.
Which reaction is fast and has Keq = 1?

A. A
B. B
C. C
Bloom's Level: 3.
Apply Difficulty: Easy
Gradable: automatic
Section: 06.07
Subtopic: Energy diagrams
Topic: Chemical Reactions

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27.
Which reaction has a positive DG°, assuming that entropy changes are negligible compared to enthalpy changes?

A. A
B. B
C. C

Bloom's Level: 3. Apply

Difficulty: Easy
Gradable: automatic
Section: 06.07
Subtopic: Energy diagrams
Topic: Chemical Reactions

28.
Which reaction is slowest?

A. A
B. B
C. C

Bloom's Level: 3. Apply

Difficulty: Easy
Gradable: automatic
Section: 06.07
Subtopic: Energy diagrams
Topic: Chemical Reactions

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29.
In which reaction is Keq > 1?

A. A
B. B
C. C

Bloom's Level: 3. Apply

Difficulty: Easy
Gradable: automatic
Section: 06.07
Subtopic: Energy diagrams
Topic: Chemical Reactions

30.
How many transition states are present in the reaction in the energy diagram?

A. 0
B. 1
C. 2
D. 3

Bloom's Level: 3. Apply

Difficulty: Easy
Gradable: automatic
Section: 06.08
Subtopic: Energy diagrams
Topic: Chemical Reactions

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31.
Which of the following letters represents DH° for the forward reaction in the following energy diagram?

A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D

Bloom's Level: 3. Apply

Difficulty: Easy
Gradable: automatic
Section: 06.07
Subtopic: Energy diagrams
Topic: Chemical Reactions

32.
How many transition states and intermediates would the reaction profile have for the reaction shown below?

A. Three transition states and three intermediates

B. Two transition states and two intermediates
C. Three transition states and two intermediates
D. Two transition states and three intermediates

Bloom's Level: 3. Apply

Difficulty: Easy
Gradable: automatic
Section: 06.08
Subtopic: Energy diagrams
Topic: Chemical Reactions

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33.
Which step would most likely have the largest energy of activation?

A. Step one
B. Step two
C. Step three
D. It cannot be determined from the information provided

Bloom's Level: 3. Apply

Difficulty: Easy
Gradable: automatic
Section: 06.08
Subtopic: Energy diagrams
Topic: Chemical Reactions

34. A decrease in which of the following results in an increase in the rate of a chemical reaction?

A. Energy of activation
B. Concentration
C. Temperature
D. Kinetic energy

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Bloom's Level: 3. Apply
Difficulty: Easy
Gradable: automatic
Section: 06.09
Subtopic: Kinetics
Topic: Chemical Reactions

35. Which of the following reaction quantities will have an effect on reaction rate?

A. DG°
B. DH°
C. Keq
D. Ea

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Bloom's Level: 3. Apply
Difficulty: Easy
Gradable: automatic
Section: 06.09
Subtopic: Kinetics
Topic: Chemical Reactions

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36. Which of the following statements is true?

A. Fast reactions have small rate constants.

B. Slow reactions have large rate constants.
C. A rate equation contains concentration terms for all reactants involved in a one-step mechanism.
D. A rate equation contains concentration terms for all the reactants involved in a multi-step reaction.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom's Level: 3. Apply
Difficulty: Easy
Gradable: automatic
Section: 06.09
Subtopic: Kinetics
Topic: Chemical Reactions

37. The equilibrium constant for the conversion of A to D is predicted to be which of the following?

A.

Keq = 1

B.
Keq < 1

C.
Keq > 1

D. Cannot be determined from the information provided

Bloom's Level: 3. Apply

Difficulty: Medium
Gradable: automatic
Section: 06.05
Subtopic: Thermodynamics
Topic: Chemical Reactions

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38.
The DG° (free energy change) for the conversion of A to B is predicted to be which of the following?

A. DG° = 0
B. DG° < 0
C. DG° > 0
D. Cannot be determined from the information provided

Bloom's Level: 3. Apply

Difficulty: Medium
Gradable: automatic
Section: 06.05
Subtopic: Thermodynamics
Topic: Chemical Reactions

39.
What kind of reaction does the conversion of A to D represent?

A. Addition reaction
B. Substitution reaction
C. Elimination reaction
D. Oxidation-reduction reaction

Bloom's Level: 3. Apply

Difficulty: Medium
Gradable: automatic
Section: 06.02
Subtopic: Bond dissociation energy
Topic: Chemical Reactions

6-19
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40.
If the conversion of A to B is slow and B to C is fast, what is the rate equation for this reaction?

A. Rate = k[(CH3)2CHCl][H2O]
B. Rate = k[(CH3)2CHCl]
+
C. Rate = k[(CH3)2CH] [H2O]
+
D. Rate = k[(CH3)2CH]
Bloom's Level: 3. Apply
Difficulty: Medium
Gradable: automatic
Section: 06.09
Subtopic: Kinetics
Topic: Chemical Reactions

41.
Which compound would you predict to be highest in energy?

A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D

Bloom's Level: 3. Apply

Difficulty: Medium
Gradable: automatic
Section: 06.07
Subtopic: Energy diagrams
Topic: Chemical Reactions

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42.
Calculate Ea for the conversion of C ® B.

Ea (A ® B) = +10 kcal
Ea (B ® C) = +4 kcal
DH (A ® B) = +8 kcal
DH (B ® C) = -5 kcal

A. +3 kcal
B. +7 kcal
C. +9 kcal
D. None of these

Bloom's Level: 3. Apply

Difficulty: Medium
Gradable: automatic
Section: 06.07
Subtopic: Energy diagrams
Topic: Chemical Reactions

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43.
The following is an energy diagram for the conversion of A ® B ® C. The energies of activation and DH's for each step are
also given. Calculate DH overall as shown on the energy diagram for A ® B ® C.

Ea (A ® B) = +10 kcal
Ea (B ® C) = +4 kcal
DH (A ® B) = +8 kcal
DH (B ® C) = -5 kcal

A. +3 kcal
B. +7 kcal
C. +9 kcal
D. None of these

Bloom's Level: 3. Apply

Difficulty: Medium
Gradable: automatic
Section: 06.07
Subtopic: Energy diagrams
Topic: Chemical Reactions

44. Which of the following statements about a catalyst is true?

A. A catalyst accelerates a reaction by changing the amount of reactant and product at equilibrium.
B. A catalyst accelerates a reaction by lowering the energy of activation.
C. A catalyst accelerates a reaction by raising the energy of activation.
D. A catalyst accelerates a reaction by lowering the equilibrium constant.

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Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Gradable: automatic
Section: 06.10
Subtopic: Energy diagrams
Topic: Chemical Reactions

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45. Which of the following statements about enzymes is true?

A. Enzymes increase the activation energy for a reaction.

B. Enzymes decrease the equilibrium constant.
C. Enzymes shift the equilibrium to favor the product.
D. Enzymes lower the transition state for the rate-determining step.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Gradable: automatic
Section: 06.11
Subtopic: Energy diagrams
Topic: Chemical Reactions

46.
For which of the following reactions is ∆S° a positive value?

A. I
B. II
C. III
D. IV

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand

Difficulty: Medium
Gradable: automatic
Section: 06.06
Subtopic: Entropy
Topic: Chemical Reactions

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47.
The conversion of acetyl chloride to methyl acetate occurs via the following two-step mechanism:

What is the rate equation for this reaction if the first step is rate determining?

-
A. Rate = k [acetyl chloride] [ OCH3]
B. Rate = k [acetyl chloride]
-
C. Rate = k [ OCH3]
- 2
D. Rate = k [acetyl chloride] [ OCH3]
Bloom's Level: 3. Apply
Difficulty: Medium
Gradable: automatic
Section: 06.09
Subtopic: Kinetics
Topic: Chemical Reactions

48.
The conversion of acetyl chloride to methyl acetate occurs via the following two-step mechanism:

-
If the concentration of OCH3 were increased 5 times, what would happen to the rate of the reaction?

A. Rate would become one fifth

B. Rate would increase 25 times
C. Rate would increase 5 times
D. Rate would remain unchanged

Bloom's Level: 3. Apply

Difficulty: Easy
Gradable: automatic
Section: 06.09
Subtopic: Kinetics
Topic: Chemical Reactions

6-24
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49.
The conversion of acetyl chloride to methyl acetate occurs via the following two-step mechanism:

-
If the concentrations of both OCH3 and acetyl chloride were increased 2 times, what would happen to the rate of the
reaction?

A.
Rate would become one-fourth

B. Rate would increase 4 times

C. Rate would increase 16 times
D. Rate would increase 2 times

Bloom's Level: 3. Apply

Difficulty: Easy
Gradable: automatic
Section: 06.09
Subtopic: Kinetics
Topic: Chemical Reactions

50.
The conversion of acetyl chloride to methyl acetate occurs via the following two-step mechanism:

The conversion of acetyl chloride to methyl acetate would be classified as which of the following?

A. Addition
B. Elimination
C. Substitution
D. None of these

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand

Difficulty: Easy
Gradable: automatic
Section: 06.02
Subtopic: Bond dissociation energy
Subtopic: Thermodynamics
Topic: Chemical Reactions

6-25
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McGraw-Hill Education.
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