Organizational Behavior A Critical Thinking Approach 1st Edition Neck Test Bank Download

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Neck, Organizational Behavior

SAGE Publications, 2017
Solution Manual for Organizational Behavior A

Critical Thinking Approach 1st Edition Neck Houghton
Murray 1506314406 9781506314402
Full download link at:
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Chapter 6: Motivation: Practices and Applications
Test Bank
Multiple Choice
1. What is it called when we perform tasks for our own innate satisfaction?
a. Determined
*b. Intrinsic motivation
c. Competence
d. Meaningfulness
Learning Objective: 6.1
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Explain the concept of intrinsic motivation and its primary determinants
AACSB Standard: Group and individual behaviors
Difficulty Level: Easy
Question Type: MC
2. Giselle is happy with her job at the firm. She works hard during the week and accomplishes her tasks
on time. She spends her time on the weekend volunteering with her philanthropy group. The
philanthropy group does not have anything to do with the firm. She just enjoys working on projects for
less fortunate people. Giselle is
a. Extrinsically motivated
b. Extraneously motivated
c. Inherently motivated
*d. Intrinsically motivated
Cognitive Domain: Application
AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge
Difficulty Level: Hard
Question Type: MC
3. What are the two main mechanisms of intrinsic motivation?

a. Need for accomplishment and Need for self-ordain
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b. Need for competence and Need for resolve

*c. Need for competence and Need for self-determination
d. Need for self-achievement and Need for accomplishment
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Difficulty Level: Medium
Question Type: MC
4. Which element of intrinsic motivation is the satisfaction we gain by stretching and exercising our
capabilities?
a. Need for self-determination
b. Need for achievement
c. Need for accomplishment
*d. Need for competence
Question Type: MC
5. Peter is the manager at Fit Fries. He has been asking his boss, Tod, for bonuses that he can provide
for his employees who reach certain sales goals. Tod does not want to give the extra money because he
feels that Fit Fries employees should want to sell more. They should have a desire to succeed for the
company. Peter and Tod are using which types of motivation?
a. Inherent and Extraneous
*b. Intrinsic and Extrinsic motivation
c. Only intrinsic motivation
d. Self-determination and competence
Question Type: MC
6. Which element of intrinsic motivation is explained as the feeling of satisfaction and control we get from
making efforts that do not rely on any external influences?
*a. Need for self-determination
b. Need for accomplishment
c. Need for competence
d. Need for self-achievement
Question Type: MC
7. Which term below is defined as external awards to employees?

a. Intrinsic rewards
b. Inherent rewards
c. Extraneous rewards
*d. Extrinsic rewards
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Question Type: MC
8. What item below is not an example of extrinsic rewards?

*a. Self-praise
b. Salary
c. Paid vacations
d. Acknowledgement from boss
Question Type: MC
9. Alistair thinks that he is a very successful web developer. He feels good about his contribution to his
industry. His girlfriend, Angela, on the other hand, wishes he would switch careers because the pay is
lousy. In this scenario, Alistair and Angela are motivated how respectively?
*a. Intrinsically and Extrinsically
b. Extraneously and Intrinsically
c. Extrinsically and Extraneously
d. Inherently and Extrinsically
Question Type: MC
10. Which term below is described by directly and concretely showing the employee he or she is valued
through financial rewards.
a. Intrinsic motivation
b. Inherent rewards
c. Extraneous motivation
*d. Extrinsic rewards
Question Type: MC
11. Demetri enjoys going to work. He is satisfied with his own capabilities to do his job effectively as well
as efficiently. His position gives him the feeling of control and satisfaction of knowing that he can do what
it takes to get the job done. Demetri’s feelings can be categorized as the need for
a. Competence and Self-achievement
b. Accomplishment and Self-determination
*c. Competence and Self-determination
d. Accomplishment and Self-achievement
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Question Type: MC
12. Alice enjoys going to work. She is satisfied with her own capabilities to do her job effectively and
efficiently. Her position gives her the feeling of control and satisfaction of knowing that she can do what it
takes to get the job done. What type of motivation is influencing Alice?
*a. Intrinsic motivation
b. Inherent motivation
c. Extraneous motivation
d. Extrinsic motivation
Question Type: MC
13. What term below is not an example of intrinsic motivation?

*a. Social reinforcement
b. Feeling of accomplishment
c. Sense of purpose
d. Self-praise
Question Type: MC
14. Which element below is defined as the understanding of skills, knowledge, and strengths that enable
a person to make choices and initiate work tasks?
a. Purposefulness
*b. Self-determination
c. Resolve
d. Capability
Question Type: MC
15. Which element below is defined as a belief in a person’s ability to perform work tasks successfully?
a. Capability
b. Self-determination
*c. Competence
d. Adequacy
Question Type: MC
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16. Guaranteed wages and salary increases based on the amount of time the employee has spent with
the organization are called
a. Skill–based pay
b. Job content-based pay
c. Performance-based pay
*d. Seniority-based pay
Answer Location: Differentiate among the various types of extrinsic rewards
AACSB Standard: Group and individual behavior
Question Type: MC
17. _____________ can be demotivating, since employees know they will get paid regardless of how they
perform, which also encourages poor performers to stay in an organization much longer.
*d. Seniority-based pay
Question Type: MC
18. The extrinsic reward that is based on an evaluation of a job’s worth to the organization and its
relationship to other jobs within the organization is called
*b. Job content-based pay
d. Seniority-based pay
Question Type: MC
19. Which type of extrinsic reward can create a psychological distance across teams and hierarchies due
to employees competing against each other and possibly exaggerating their duties to their managers and
hoarding resources?
*b. Job content-based pay
Question Type: MC
20. ______________ rewards employees for the acquisition of new skills that lead to enhanced work
performance.
*a. Skill–based pay
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Question Type: MC
21. Which extrinsic reward can be a useful way to motivate employees while providing them with an
opportunity to showcase their new skills and competencies?
Question Type: MC
22. Which extrinsic reward incorporates the positive aspect that employees are more flexible and
productive, but the negative aspect that employees may max out their skill levels, which means they
cannot receive any additional pay increases unless they change jobs?
Question Type: MC
23. ____________ is a financial incentive awarded to employees for meeting certain goals or objectives.
*c. Performance-based pay
Question Type: MC
24. What are the two levels of performance-based pay?

a. Inter-level and Intra-level
*b. Individual-level and Team- and organization-level
c. Strategic-level and Motivational-level
d. Micro-level and Macro-level
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Answer Location: Performance-based pay

Question Type: MC
25. Which term below is not one of the types of individual-level performance-based pay?
a. Merit pay
b. Piece rate
c. Bonus
*d. Benefit
Answer Location: Individual level performance-based pay
Question Type: MC
26. What is an individual-level performance-based pay that rewards performance by increasing the
employee’s salary on a long-term basis called?
*a. Merit pay
b. Piece rate
c. Bonus
d. Benefit
Question Type: MC
27. A pay plan that rewards employees for good performance in addition to their base salary is
considered which type of individual-level performance-based pay?
*a. Merit pay
b. Piece rate
c. Bonus
d. Benefit
AACSB Standard: Individual level performance-based pay
Question Type: MC
28. An individual-level performance-based pay where people are rewarded for the quantity of goods they
produce regardless of how long it has taken them is called?
a. Merit pay
*b. Piece rate
c. Bonus
d. Benefit
Question Type: MC
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29. Which term below is not one of the types of team and organization performance-based pay plans?
a. Profit sharing
*b. Bonuses
c. Gain sharing
d. Employee stock ownership plans
Answer Location: Team and organization level performance-based pay
Question Type: MC
30. Mitchell, a small business owner, wants to motivate his employees while also cutting down the high
cost of office supplies. He believes that most correspondence, reports and sales receipts can be
emailed. Therefore, he has decided to share the benefits of cost savings with his staff as long as they
play their part in helping to cut office supply use. Which type of performance-based pay is this scenario
an example of?
a. Profit sharing plan of individual-level performance-based pay
b. Profit sharing plan of team- and organization-level performance-based pay
c. Gainsharing plan of individual-level performance-based pay
*d. Gainsharing plan of team- and organization-level performance-based pay
Answer Location: Team- and organization-level performance-based pay
Question Type: MC
31. Marty and Biff both work for the same company producing the same teacups. However, Biff gets paid
twice as often as Marty even though they get paid the same amount of money per completed teacup.
This scenario is an example of
*a. Piece rate plan of individual-level performance-based pay
c. Merit pay plan of individual-level performance-based pay
d. Gainsharing plan of team- and organization-level performance-based pay
Question Type: MC
32. Lorraine works for a company that does not pay very well. She relies heavily on extra paychecks that
her company gives out a couple of times a year. She works hard to secure her extra checks. Lorraine is
getting what type of extrinsic reward?
a. Merit pay plan of individual-level performance-based pay
*c. Bonus pay plan of individual-level performance-based pay
Question Type: MC
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33. Margo has just opened a new clothing store. She can’t afford to pay much over minimum wage at this
point. But, she plans to distribute a portion of her earnings once she has paid off her startup costs.
Margo plans on using which kind of extrinsic reward?
a. Merit pay plan of individual-level performance-based pay
*b. Profit sharing plan of team- and organization-level performance-based pay
c. Bonus pay plan of individual-level performance-based pay
Answer Location: Team- and organization-level performance-based pay
Question Type: MC
34. Quentin wants to reward his employees while also raising equity in his small business. By doing this,
he will be able to keep control of the business until the time comes to hand over the reins to his eligible
employees. Quentin has decided to start
a. A merit pay system
b. Profit sharing
c. Gainsharing
*d. An employee stock ownership plan
Question Type: MC
35. ____________ is a method of setting forth the duties and responsibilities of a job with the intention of
improving productivity and performance.
a. Job purpose
*b. Job design
c. Job enlargement
d. Job rotation
Answer Location: Discuss the various facets of job design
AACSB Standard: Systems and processes in organizations
Question Type: MC
36. Which theory is defined as the analysis of workflow through systematic observation of the tasks to be
performed?
*a. Scientific management
b. Autonomy management
c. Job design management
d. Systematic management
Question Type: MC
37. Also known as “Taylorism,” which concept is focused on how to make people, assembly line workers
in particular, more efficient at their jobs through training, monitoring, and detailed planning?
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a. Job characteristics model

b. Systematic management
*c. Scientific management
d. Quantitative analysis model
Question Type: MC
38. Which concept below is defined as a method of job design that increases the range of tasks and
duties associated with a job in order to make it more challenging and varied?
*a. Job enlargement
b. Job rotation
c. Job design
d. Job enrichment
Question Type: MC
39. Which concept below is a process of periodically moving employees from one job to another?
a. Job purpose
b. Job enrichment
c. Job enlargement
*d. Job rotation
Question Type: MC
40. Which element below is not part of the job characteristics model?
*a. Skill ability
b. Task significance
c. Autonomy
d. Task identity
Question Type: MC
41. Isaac is a single dad. He joined a new company because they would allow him to work around his
son’s school schedule. This is important to him because he can also schedule his job around his son’s
sports games. Which dimension of the job characteristics model would this scenario of Isaac’s new
company exemplify?
a. Task significance
*b. Autonomy
c. Task identity
d. Feedback
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Question Type: MC
42. Which element below is explained as increasing the scope of a job to make it more complex,
stimulating, and satisfying for employees?
a. Job purpose
*b. Job enrichment
c. Job enlargement
d. Job rotation
Question Type: MC
43. Change It Pharmaceuticals is lacking in employee motivation. Devon, the CEO believes that his staff
just needs a little push by giving them an understanding of the importance of each of their positions to the
company while allowing them to also see each of their own direct impact. Each position, from product
development to sales plays a crucial role in Change It Pharmaceuticals. Devon feels that giving timely
information regarding their job performance and letting them know the importance of their roles to the
company will improve work performance. Devon has focused on which two characteristics of the job
characteristic model?
a. Skill variety and Task identity
b. Feedback and Autonomy
c. Task identity and Feedback
*d. Feedback and Task significance
Question Type: MC
44. Jenny is noticing that her staff at the clothing consignment shop seem to be a little demotivated.
Initially she thinks that she needs to pay her employees more money, but then realizes that she just does
not have the funds to do so. With a little prying, she determines that her employees are just bored with
their positions. She decides to change up the schedule. Whoever worked the front counter one day will
switch with the consignment the next day. Also, the people out on the floor will switch with the dressing
room attendants the same way. Jenny has implemented which job design motivational tactic?
a. Job purpose
b. Job design
c. Job enlargement
*d. Job rotation
Question Type: MC
45. Scientific management was primarily developed by
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a. Douglas McGregor
*b. Frederick Taylor
c. Warren Buffett
d. Hackman and Oldham
Question Type: MC
46. The higher the score for each of the characteristics of the job characteristics model
*a. The more positive are employees’ psychological states and outcomes
b. The more feedback is needed to accomplish a task
c. The more job characteristics are needed to accomplish the tasks
d. The more negative are the employees’ psychological states and outcomes
Question Type: MC
47. The job characteristics model consists of Core job characteristics to Psychological states to
a. Objectives
b. Evidence
*c. Outcomes
d. Aftereffect
Question Type: MC
48. The example given in the textbook for job enlargement stated that Kamal suggests the runners could
help out in the kitchen during quiet periods, washing dishes or chopping vegetables. Similarly, the hosts
could leave their stations when it’s not busy to collect glasses from tables for the bar staff, and perhaps
the kitchen staff could swap duties now and then, or, following some training, take turns working as sous-
chef for the night. This relates to which dimension of the job characteristics model?
a. Skill diversification
b. Task significance
c. Task identity
*d. Skill variety
Question Type: MC
49. Hans has an arduous task ahead of him. He plans to make his employees positions more complex by
increasing the responsibilities, which in turn will increase their authority to accomplish their own tasks. He
hopes that if he takes the time to enrich their positions, then they will be more satisfied with their jobs.
Hans plans to use which job design motivational tactic?
a. Job purpose
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*b. Job enrichment

c. Job enlargement
d. Job rotation
Question Type: MC
50. The extent to which employees feel a sense of personal fulfillment and intent when carrying out tasks,
along with a belief that their work contributes to some larger purpose is called
a. Scientific management
b. Purpose
*c. Psychological empowerment
d. Psychological authorization
Answer Location: Discuss psychological empowerment and its components
AACSB Standard: Group and Individual behaviors
Question Type: MC
51. Which of the beliefs below is not associated with psychological empowerment?
a. Meaningfulness
c. Competence
*d. Influence
Question Type: MC
52. Which belief below, associated with psychological empowerment, is a person’s belief in his or her
ability to perform work tasks successfully?
a. Meaningfulness
*c. Competence
d. Impact
Question Type: MC
53. Not having faith in ones own ability is another way of saying that one lacks
a. Meaningfulness
*c. Competence
d. Impact
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Question Type: MC
54. Which belief below, associated with psychological empowerment, is the understanding of skills,
knowledge and strengths that enable a person to make choices and initiate work tasks?
a. Meaningfulness
c. Competence
d. Impact
Question Type: MC
55. Taylor is excited and a little tentative about the new plan for improvement that her boss just explained.
She thinks that she can really make a difference in her company, but worries that she might not be able to
meet the sales goal that has been set. Taylor is feeling
*a. High impact and Low competence
b. High self-determination and Low meaningfulness
c. Both high self-determination and competence
d. Low impact and High competence
Question Type: MC
56. Which psychological empowerment belief is defined as the feeling of making a difference?
a. Meaningfulness
c. Competence
*d. Impact
Question Type: MC
57. Michael just graduated from college with his BS in Business. He is ready to concur the world. His
confidence in his ability is high and he feels that he has acquired many tools to work through business-
related problems during his time in school. Michael is feeling
a. High levels of meaningfulness and impact
b. High level of competence and low impact
*c. High levels of competence and self-determination
d. Low level of meaningfulness and High level of self-determination
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Question Type: MC
58. Which belief below, associated with psychological empowerment, is the value of work tasks in line
with a person’s own self-concepts and ideals?
*a. Meaningfulness
c. Competence
d. Impact
Question Type: MC
59. Jessica works at the Pro Shop. New management has been hired to turn the place around. They
explained a new way to pump up sales and drum up new business. Jessica knows that she could make a
difference, but does not see the value in her position anymore and wants to do something else. What
psychological empowerment beliefs is Jessica feeling about herself working at the Pro Shop?
a. Low competence and High impact
*b. High impact and Low meaningfulness
c. High self-determination and Low impact
d. High competence and High meaningfulness
Question Type: MC
60. Someone who is aware of his or her own abilities and their application of those abilities is an example
of which psychological empowerment belief?
a. Meaningfulness
c. Competence
d. Impact
Question Type: MC
61. If someone feels empowered enough to see that his or her actions can make a real difference in an
organization, they are feeling which psychological empowerment belief?
a. Meaningfulness
c. Competence
*d. Impact
Question Type: MC
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62. Someone who does not see the value of their work to the organization and feels a disconnect
between who they see themselves as being and what they are doing is an example of which
psychological empowerment belief?
*a. Meaningfulness
c. Competence
d. Impact Learning Objective: 6.4
Question Type: MC
63. What concept is a motivational state in which a person senses control of and has an active orientation
to his or her work as manifested in four factors?
a. Scientific management
b. Purpose
*c. Psychological empowerment
d. Psychological authorization
Question Type: MC
64. Independent workers who supply organizations with short-term talent for projects that need to be
completed within a certain amount of time are called
a. Part-time workers
b. Job sharers
*c. Free agents
d. Telecommuters
Answer Location: Evaluate various approaches to nontraditional work schedules
Question Type: MC
65. Which term below is defined as independent workers who supply organizations with part-time talent
for projects that need to be completed within a certain amount of time?
*a. Part-time workers
b. Job sharers
c. Free agents
d. Telecommuters
Question Type: MC
66. Which term below is not an example of a flexible work schedule as stated in the textbook?
a. Flextime
b. Compressed workweek
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*c. Weekend workweek

d. Telecommuting
Question Type: MC
67. Which term below means flexible working hours whereby an employee can customize his or her own
work hours within limits established by management?
*a. Flextime
c. Job sharing
d. Telecommuting
Question Type: MC
68. An example of which nontraditional work schedule is an employee working a 7:00 am to 3:00 pm shift
rather than the more traditional 9:00 am to 5:00 pm workday?
*a. Flextime
c. Job sharing
d. Telecommuting
Question Type: MC
69. Which nontraditional work schedule gives employees the benefit of an extra day off by allowing them
to work their usual number of hours in fewer days per pay period?
a. Flextime
*b. Compressed workweek
c. Job sharing
d. Telecommuting
Question Type: MC
70. An employee might work four 10-hour days each week and then enjoy a three-day weekend, or work
80 hours in nine days with an extra day off every other week. This is an example of
a. Flextime
*b. Compressed workweek
c. Job sharing
d. Telecommuting
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Question Type: MC
71. Which nontraditional work schedule divides one full-time job among two or more people who work
predetermined hours?
a. Flextime
*c. Job sharing
d. Telecommuting
Question Type: MC
72. Which type of nontraditional worker can hand over their work to the next person when their part of the
shift ends and the next begins?
a. Flextimers
b. Compressed workweek workers
*c. Job sharers
d. Telecommuters
Question Type: MC
73. Which nontraditional work schedule means working from home or from a remote location on a
computer or other advanced system linked to the main office?
a. Flextime
c. Job sharing
*d. Telecommuting
Question Type: MC
74. What gives workers greater flexibility in terms of working hours and location?
a. Flextime
c. Job sharing
*d. Telecommuting
Question Type: MC
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75. Alexis has a talent that allows her to work at a few different companies at once. She is hired by each
organization to perform a project or task. Once in a while, her projects are similar in nature and she is
able to get paid almost double for the same work. Alexis is working as a
*a. Free agent
b. Flextime worker
c. Part-time worker
d. Telecommuter
Question Type: MC
76. Ashley and Daniel both work at the same company doing the same thing. Ashley works the morning
shift while Daniel works the afternoon and evening shifts. Ashley and Daniel are working which type of
nontraditional work schedule?
a. Flextime
*c. Job sharing
d. Telecommuting
Question Type: MC
77. Austin writes programs for a living. He is happy with his company specifically because they allow him
to work from anywhere where there is Internet access. He was able to work from home and even when
he took his family on vacation. This scenario is an example of
a. Flextime
c. Job sharing
*d. Telecommuting
Question Type: MC
78. Kayla is able to go into work at different times of the day and leave when she wants. Her employer is
OK with this as long as the hours worked add up to her full-time status. Kayla is working what type of
nontraditional work schedule?
*a. Flextime
c. Job sharing
d. Telecommuting
Question Type: MC
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True/False
79. Extrinsic rewards can either increase intrinsic motivation, if the rewards are high, or decrease it if they
are low.
*a. True
b. False
Question Type: TF
80. The needs for competence and self-determination fall under extrinsic rewards.
a. True
*b. False
Question Type: TF
81. Extrinsic rewards can both motivate and demotivate people.

*a. True
b. False
Question Type: TF
82. Seniority-based pay encourages longevity and helps reduce turnover, but it also might be
demotivating.
*a. True
b. False
Question Type: TF
83. Profit sharing is a system whereby managers agree to share the benefits of cost savings with staff in
return for their contribution to the company’s performance.
a. True
*b. False
Question Type: TF
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84. Job enlargement increases the scope of a job to make it more complex, stimulating, and satisfying for
employees.
a. True
*b. False
Question Type: TF
85. There are five core dimensions of jobs according to the job characteristics model, including skill
variety and autonomy.
*a. True
b. False
Question Type: TF
86. There are four main beliefs associated with psychological empowerment: meaningfulness, self-
determination, competence, and influence.
a. True
*b. False
Question Type: TF
87 Self-determination is the understanding of skills, knowledge, and strengths that enable a person to
make choices and initiate work tasks.
*a. True
b. False
Question Type: TF
88. An employee who works four 10-hour days each week and then enjoys a three-day weekend, or
works 80 hours in nine days with an extra day off every other week is considered a flextime worker.
a. True
*b. False
Question Type: TF
89. Telecommuting gives workers greater flexibility in terms of working hours and location.
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*a. True
b. False
Question Type: TF
Short Answer
90. _____________ is the satisfaction we gain by stretching and exercising our capabilities, and
_______________ is the feeling of satisfaction and control we get from making efforts that do not rely on
any external influences.
*a. Need for competence and Need for self-determination
Question Type: SA
91. A positive feeling of accomplishment, self-praise, and a high sense of purpose are all examples of
*a. Intrinsic motivation
Question Type: SA
92. This compensation structure is used by many organizations because it is thought to be one of the
best ways to maintain pay equity by evaluating a job’s worth and said jobs relationship to other jobs within
the organization.
*a. Job content-based pay
Question Type: SA
93. Both job __________ and job ___________ increase the range of tasks and duties associated with a
job. One moves employees from one job to another while the other increases tasks associated with a
job.
*a. Enlargement and Rotation
*b. Rotation and Enlargement
Question Type: SA
94. Of the elements in the job characteristics model, which one is defined as the extent to which an
employee completes an entire piece of work from start to finish?
*a. Task identity
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Question Type: SA
95. Which belief associated with psychological empowerment is defined as the value of work tasks in line
with a person’s own self-concepts and ideals.
*a. Meaningfulness
Question Type: SA
96. Which concept is defined as the extent to which employees feel a sense of personal fulfillment and
intent when carrying out tasks, along with a belief that their work contributes to some larger purpose?
*a. Psychological empowerment
Question Type: SA
97. An employee who might work a 7:00 am to 3:00 pm shift rather than the more traditional 9:00 am to
5:00 pm workday is an example of a
*a. Flextime worker
Question Type: SA
98. ___________ are independent workers who supply organizations with short-term talent for projects
that need to be completed within a certain amount of time while ____________ are independent workers
who supply organizations with part-time talent for projects that need to be completed within a certain
amount of time.
*a. Free agents and Part-time workers
Question Type: SA
Essay
99. Effie has been trying to reach the monthly sales bonus for over a year. She has finally realized her
dream of receiving an extra paycheck this month. Gale, her boss, presented her bonus in front of the
entire office. As a result, her belief in herself skyrocketed. What does this scenario suggest in terms of
the relationship between intrinsic motivators and extrinsic rewards?
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*Extrinsic rewards can either increase intrinsic motivation, if the rewards are high, or decrease it if they
are low.
*By directly and concretely showing the employee that he or she is valued through financial rewards, one
can increase feelings of competence and self-determination and therefore increase intrinsic motivation.
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
AACSB Standard: Analytical thinking
Question Type: ESS
100. Piercing Manufacturing consists of five different levels of its manufacturing plant. Each level has a
myriad of tasks that are performed. The company understands how repetitive work could create burnout.
In order to motivate its employees, Piercing Manufacturing has adopted the skill-based pay schedule.
What are the positives and negatives to using skill-based pay extrinsic rewards in this scenario?
*Positives: This type of pay can be a useful way to motivate employees while providing them with an
opportunity to showcase their new skills and competencies.
*Workers are more flexible and productive.
*Negatives: There is the high cost of additional bonuses and training.
*There is a possibility that employees may max out their skill levels, which means they cannot receive any
additional pay increases unless they change jobs.
Question Type: ESS
101. Elsa owns the local ski shop. It seems that her employees are more interested in hanging out with
each other than actually getting work done. She realizes that they are bored with their positions and
seem to have too much time on their hands. She wonders how she can motivate her staff. What can she
do to increase performance and their satisfaction in their jobs? Pick one of the job design dimensions
mentioned in the textbook, define it, and apply it to this scenario to help motivate the shop staff.
*Job enlargement, a method of job design that increases the range of tasks and duties associated with a
job in order to make it more challenging and varied.
*For example, Elsa can give her staff more duties to complete throughout the day. She can require that
the store must be vacuumed and cleaned every morning and require the closing staff to make the night
deposit. Adding anything new to each position would be considered enlargement.
or
*Job rotation, which is a process of periodically moving employees from one job to another.
*For example, Elsa can rotate each employee from the register attendant to the dressing room then to the
stock room then on to the sales floor and so on.
or
*Job enrichment, which increases the scope of a job to make it more complex, stimulating, and
satisfying for employees.
*For example, Elsa can implement job enrichment by creating a “lead sales” position. On any given day,
the most experienced sales person would be the lead, a sort of quasi-manager who has additional
responsibilities and authority.
Question Type: ESS
24
Instructor Resource
102. What are the four beliefs of psychological empowerment and why are they important to leaders and
managers?
*Competence, which is a person’s belief in his or her ability to perform work tasks successfully
*Self-determination, which is the understanding of skills, knowledge and strengths that enable a person to
make choices and initiate work tasks
*Impact, which is the feeling of making a difference
*Meaningfulness, which is the value of work tasks in line with a person’s own self-concepts and ideals
*If you break down and have a full understanding of the four beliefs of psychological empowerment then
you can easily determine which beliefs might be lacking in your employee and work to change it. Thus
motivating the employee for the good of the organization
*Managers can provide appropriate training, share information, and involve employees in decision-making
Managers can also provide good leadership and engage in supportive and caring behaviors Managers
can design the work itself in ways that will promote psychological empowerment
Question Type: ESS
103. Why are more companies implementing flexible working arrangements for their employees?
*45% of Millennials choose work flexibility over pay, prefer jobs where they can make a real impact, and
value roles, which provide them with personal fulfillment
*Since 60% of these young employees switch employers every three years, companies seeking to avoid
the high cost of turnover are looking for ways to keep their employees satisfied so they’ll stay longer
Question Type: ESS
#104. What are some of the drawbacks of flexible working arrangements and what can be done to avoid
them?
*Some people who work remotely or telecommute may feel isolated or cut off from coworkers, while
others may not be suited to working from home and the potential distractions of family life
*Job-sharing can be frustrating if the sharers don’t work well together
*Holding down a multitude of part-time or free agent jobs can lead to overwork and stress
*This is why companies need to tailor their alternate work schedules to their employees with a view to
retaining a productive, efficient, and committed workforce
Question Type: ESS
25

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Neck, Organizational Behavior

Solution Manual for Organizational Behavior A

3. What are the two main mechanisms of intrinsic motivation?

b. Need for competence and Need for resolve

7. Which term below is defined as external awards to employees?

Learning Objective: 6.1

8. What item below is not an example of extrinsic rewards?

AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge

13. What term below is not an example of intrinsic motivation?

b. Job content-based pay

24. What are the two levels of performance-based pay?

Answer Location: Performance-based pay

a. Job characteristics model

Learning Objective: 6.3

45. Scientific management was primarily developed by

*b. Job enrichment

AACSB Standard: Group and Individual behaviors

Difficulty Level: Hard

*c. Weekend workweek

Answer Location: Evaluate various approaches to nontraditional work schedules

81. Extrinsic rewards can both motivate and demotivate people.

Learning Objective: 6.3

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