May 1981 60p (U.S.A. & Canada $2.75)Wei, ; W4 f x (C/G, Fy T , moDeL aa DAWES CHETAN MEALTHIS year the Free Flight Nationals will ‘again be held at RAF Barkston Heath on May 23, 24 and 25 Last year the event was held at the same vere. and was well supported The SMAE Batcipate the same large turnout for this year's theee days of flying, and are includ ing a few additional items There will be 2 tree light seminar, a Wakelield event 10 re. 1954 rules, a demonstration of indoot flying. plus _many junior competitions. With’ this mixed bag of serious com MAY 1981 petition, tunand social events. there should De plenty of interest ofall tastes One event will be @ ‘Chuck for Britain, this ts for hand launches gliders People will be askee to sponsor the British com: Dettors of this year’s Free Flight World Championships team, to help with their travel costs 10 Spain. Camping for the weekend cosis £6 per person or £5 per person i 2 pre-booking is made. Pre-bookings shou'd be sent to the SMAE office at Kimberley House, Vaughar Way, Leicester. Daily entry will be £1 per person or £2 per car A coach will be charged £1 per person, ‘Thera i alot tobe seen at the Free Flight Ecitorial Olrector EDITOR Graphics ‘Tony DowDESWELL COLIN RATTRAY LORNA CULLEN [pp monet DIVISION MAGAZINE modeller ‘Managing Director M. GRAY RON MOULTON Nationals, and if the weather is good. you will have @ most relaxing weekend. Don't forget it you write to the SMAE for permits to make Sure that you mention Free Flight Nationals" on this occasion, as C/L& R/C Nationals follow in August on the same 1 you have any queries.write to the SMAE, of contact the Free Flight Nationals co-ordinator, Bil Blake at the Leicester address Incidentally, Bills looking for a campsite irector oF small team willing to do this simple job. He tells me that there av inducements! Full details of events wil appear in the next issue HANGAR DOORS WHAT'S HAPPENING BLUEBOTTLE — R/C slope soater PROPELLER PITCHING — Improving performance VINTAGE CORNER — A took at the ‘ld timers PRACTICAL AERODYNAMICS Part ii — Simple theories HUMDINGER — C/L Stunter ENGINE NEWS — Peter Chinn FREE FLIGHT SCENE —Upangaway R/C SPORT FLYER — Elecic tight SHOP TALK — What's new? SCALE MATTERS — Crawley indoor eport 254 AERO ACES — Ready to lly C/L models FROM THE HANDLE Volume 46 269. TOPICAL TWISTS 260 CLUB NEWS — Bragging by Secs. 261 CAPTION CONTEST 262 CLASSIFIED ADVERTISEMENTS Issue No. 543 (ON THE COVER NEXT MONTH Model 8 Rilied Publications Ltd ‘Also publishers of ‘oid MODELLER ~ naoia conrHOL Moors ewcrRowies — PoruLas chafts ~ Scale mops ‘Moot evcineen — movec soars MODEL Ralways — wogBWORRER fitraay wodettinG ~ MODEL cans ABC Cuoes — fuzzies ocesr surstins wane oo ooo ooVero | RE ka THE PICK OF THE POPULAR ONES ! IODEL HAS ALL-BALSA JEDELSKY-SECTION WING FOR EFFICIENCY AND EASE OF CONSTRUCTION. ‘deal for School instruction, ., IPRODUCERS OF QUALITY ITS FOR OVER 45 YEARS| a Me NORWOOD PLACE, POKESDOWN, BOURNEMOUTH. 212 AeromodelleS_.M..0..0..T. Hand satisfying to work with. That's Solarbo balsa with the silky finish. Machine finished to engineering standard toler- ances — because we regard Balsa as an engineering material when itis prepared for model aircraft construction. That's why we also go to great lengths in selecting and grading Balsa before it is cut into Solarbo sheet, strip, block, etc. Double selected and graded, in fact. We start in Ecuador where balsa grows; and re-select and re-grade from the pre-selected balsa lumber when it reaches our Lancing factory. Our aim is to give you the best Balsa Right for the job Apart from its high strength/weight ratio, one of the other great virtues of good Balsa is that itis easy to work accurately. You can produce glider wings from sheet Balsa with a perfect aerofoil section, for example. The Jedelsky wing is very well known, and used by a lot of contest model lers. (It works well on sports models, too). And there are top designers who use thicker all-sheet wings, even on large spans, for ensuring true aerofoils, particularly with faminar flow sections. The use of laminar flow aerofoils is the main reason modernfull-size sailplanes achieve fantastic glide ratios (up to almost 50:1). Laminar flow sections also work on models, But one of the secrets for success is that the first 50% chord of the aerofoil must be true and smooth — and accurate. No wrinkles or sagging covering, Full-size sailplanes use glass- fibre wing mouldings (with baisa spars). Try all-sheet or thick sheet covering on model wings so that you can reproduce laminar flow sections with the accuracy and smoothness they need. You are half-way there when you start with Solarbo Balsa! UMITED AIMERCE WAY + LANCING + SUSSEX» @NISGTE + ENGLANO ALWAYS: SOLARBO GRADE ‘4 BALSA PerSTILLIN STOCK Super Tigre G20/15 Glows £25.00 24 MICHAEL’S MODELS Leading Control Line Specialists NEW FOR 1981! ‘TREXEL PROPS BACK IN STOCK AGAIN Stunt 92 6 Gray 7. 7% McCann 7 #6 Mareemeyer ?* 7% Te Racing Wa TCRecing Mil Kroon 6, 7 Petersen 6" 7 raster Sa ae ie fans Veniridt nance See cist nev ur speeo 8 ae 646-648 HIGH ROA LONDON, N12 ONT. Open 6 Days « Wook \. FINCHLEY, Phone: OF-448 6831 9.00-6.00 sxbonr Onotas WELeoME ion ee Many engines recently so1¢_neluaing (0823, original fa Forster 29 Hallam’ ‘Nipper anc Su Midget We build and fly Vintage — so why not tee sea a? Aeromodeller ‘Tre crgitalGocomert is hasty vate fer pervonssune ol tps :foven hippochatnerenentcs corwtpe. plane’ trom July $2029) S, Front runners in any company The O.S. range of model aero glow plug engines is something really special ‘These are Quality products developed through many years of progressively advancing model engine technology in which O.S. products have con- sistently been leaders. Sheer excellence of design is backed by the verybest, in engineering standards and manufacturing technique. Quality, reliability and performance are all part of the deal when you buy an O.S motor OS. PRODUCTS Lmiren UNIT 2, BRUNSWICK INDUSTRIAL PARK, BRUNSWICK WAY, LONDON N11 1JL Tel: 01-361-1123/4 £16.35 me Os. MAX-15 You can see them at your local model shop “The crigwet cecoreri/s bealy aveneaic BP EDETEtE CESS Ee REUTER RE reat tramn Joly 2885S THE WORLD FAMOUS S, & 4 4 © SANDOWN PARK MODEL & & - SYMPOSIUM AND EXHIBITION ESHER, SURREY SATURDAY 9th & SUNDAY 10th MAY — 10 a.m. — 7 p.m. REFRESHMENTS — BARS — CUP FINAL TV — AMPLE PARKING The Largest Trade Exhibition and Display of working Models in EUROPE if not the World — No other Exhibition has so many Manufacturers. Distributors & Importers to the Model Trade under one roof, Continuous Displays by the Trade of their pro ducts — Radio Controlled Aircraft, Helicopters. Boats, Cars, and many other items new this year — Display Teams, Control Line demonstrations, Round the Pole Aircraft, Car Racing, all this takes place within the grounds of Sandown Most of the outside displays can be seen from under cover TRADE HALL 31.000sq ft. Exhibitors to date: World Engines. Skyway Models. Ripmax Models, Henry J. Nicholls, Miniature Tool Co., Edmond Model Products, Fleet Control Systems. Pat French Models, Dave Nieman Models, Morris & Ingram, Bowmans of ipswich. Slough Radio Models, Skyleader Radio Control, Howard Models, Live Steam Services. Air Art Products. Gaugemaster Controls. Stratos Models, Micro Mold, Sussex Macel Centre, Moriey Helicopters, Kaycee Distributors. Viking Models, Watlord Model Centre, Ramsey Engineering, Sprengbraok Precision, K&C Model Kits, Prestige Models, Model Flight Accessories, Fareham Engineering. Barry Voisy Plans. Aero Nautical Modeis, Cotswold Controls, Duplex Craft, Wallinford Model Centre, Micron Radio Controls, Buckle Vintage Plans, Chris Foss Designs, Madel & Allied Publications. Irvines, Flair Products, Galaxy Models, Macgregor Industries, Vulcan Electronics, Mick Sharman Models, Stewart Aviation, Bowmans Trophies, others still in the pipe line Abmission ow To er THERE | oon an . Adults £2.00 Children 5 to 16 years old & O.A.Ps. £1.00. BY CAR: Sandown is off the A307 (Old A3) Landon to Ports- Under 5 Free Party Rates and Family Tickets (2 Adults + 4 mouth Road ands easily reached from the MS, vi the ASOB & paying children £5.00) in advance only S.A.E. From: G Bedee: then Ald? wie Kingstonto Esher” Road A406 to Kew Henewoed, 46, Wrene Avenue, ASHFORD, Misiesex, —-BUBSa"Seen ine ed ates Fi, 18 8 12 BY RAIL: Surbiton. Esher (Sat. Regular trains from Waterloo, Guildford and Portsmouth. Bus to Sandown MAKE A DATE TO BRING THE FAMILY TO SEE THE BIGGEST WORKING MODEL EXHIBITION & DISPLAY IN EUROPE 216 Aeromodeller ees ee ne ne re ee ene trom suy 8 2029KYOSHO They assemble quickly — easily — ACCURATE LY. No cutting or gluing required, Even radioin. stallation is virtually 2 ‘drop-in’ job! Finished ‘mode| is then completely balanced — does not require trimming like an ordinary model Fitted with COX BLACK WIDOW 049 engine for MIRAGE WIC (asi snappy pertormance, 28° wingspan £52.78 TOUGH DIE-FORMED MOULDINGS .. . ‘With hardened skin (much stronger than parts cut from foam plastic). No covering or painting required. Really ROBUST models for everyday flying DH CHIPMUNK f TI Ana it vou de sutfer crash damage they are QUICK AND EASY to repair It could not be simpler to put together 41" wingapan’ 20d (eee COMPLETE WITH ENGINE! fited wath ENYA 03-1V00:TV | to Ready mounted in piace, plus tank. prop langine You can vit on3:ch Pe And spinner Top perlormanee engines. 100, for Bich cada See The Cow O49 Black Widow or the Crva 09: IV8e. depending on mode! size. Ready t Start upand un CONTROL SURFACES are feady hinged. with horns luted Pushods es exaclly sized and shaped. EVERYTHING oo Feagy finished, im fact to make assembly @ Simple put-togetner job — This ig ARTF (almost-ready-to:tly| at IT'S VERY BEST! Positvely EVERYTHING you need inclused (excep! tadio and vel. You can get fying in LESS THAN AN HOUR And they are stang-olf scale models which drese up most realistically withthe large ° Gecal sheet included on om = CESSNA CARDINAL A beautiful looking model S be CENTURION ©: % ach radio MESSERSCHMITT « & Complete with ENYA 09 IVBB-TV engine and mutter A large 421," span aerobatic model for 3: of 4-ch radio. RIPMAX X] ARTF Pe a a esFULLOF FACT’ FlyPase is che colourful new magazine forall hove fascinated by old aircrae rnd the extraordinary people who bul and flew thems, Unashaneally nostalgic vet right up te ate on all matters affecting ait heritage. Civil and military aircraft, archaeology aad preservati are all covered in Phantom sale nes ° TSR2> The martyrdom of a super: jet. chronicle ofthe evens y leading to the sunfice of the Worlds tise nnuli-rle combat srerate. Group Cape Bill Randle tells his story of lite with the Vickers Armstrong Wellington and we tak tence of Irtainin WW2 K Setright examines look at 24 hours ine There's survey of the W tone of Dai s atid Tony’ Harold gorson the tral ofthe Gloster G FlyPast on sale now Available at newsagents- on sale every two months f i li Control Line Accessories Pylon Brand instant-use control line cables and storage reels SCC von tne connectors ASK 10 SEE IT AT irvine engines YOUR LOCAL HOBBY unt 2, enunswtck mousTeaL ane BRUNSWICK WAY wee Zagiweate cooow Wt ac Te: arr as\ LER mp Top value J in model PLANS SERVICE plans for beginners and experts ANS SERVICE CHOICE OF HUNDREDS [To AE PLANS HANDBOOK | yo: ing |SWITCH ON — HOLKER HALL This stately home, only 12 miles romexit 36 on the MB and four miles west of Geange-over-Sands will run a second annual open model flying tally on May 30/31. John Bridge tells us about 200 feniries are expected at this event which Broved tobe very popular inthe north-west ‘when launched last year, achieving an O'd Warden type atmosphere with the close mown grass in delightful surroundings There will be @ helipad, a 200K take-off square and possibly @ portable hars Funway Free camping is available for Competitors and a special welcome 's open to all disabied people ‘Aone day eventis scheduled for Sepiem ber 13 at the same location. Being only ten ‘minutes’ drive from Lake Windermere, 2 tap to Holker Hall can make a very attrac tive weekend for southerners 100 AMA PRESIDENT ‘Alter a series of traumatic situations over the November to January period, the largest modelling organisation nthe world finally appointed its new President sn Februaty. Close voting, antiestablishment campaigning, and vindictive attacks on key personnel, made the Academy of Mode! ‘Aeronautics elections more lke those othe: politcal hustings we fail 1o comprehend, ‘whenever US Presidential compaigns are exposed to British eyes Outof the melee, tisnowJohnc Griggot Lockport, NY, who leads AVA John has represented the imporart a swell area, ‘embracing New York and New Jersey. in the AMA Council tor many years. His appointment brings confidence na demo: craic system. which had been sorely Stretched in its tolerance of opposition views. and whieh will surely now go ahead all the stronger for ts recent experiences SCALE MODELS ‘The May issue of SCALE MODELS carries wide variety of feature articles and topical ‘adel reviews. Further epottson the 1981 ME Exnbition, Trade Fair News, and the new Airfix Focke Wull F190. are sup. ported by continuation of popular series ‘such as USN Colours. Aireraftof 100 Group {and Colour Spot Feature articles this month include a vaclorm WWI Haibersiadt CL-Il with new Updated scale drawings and photo felerence, recent visit t9 one of the last RAF Units to fly the Vulean V Bomber, colour data and drawings for Zakspeed Ford Capr and Escort, and a description of how award-winning modeller Vie Cook, con. verted 9 vactorm Hawker Horsiey into 2 Dantorp All this andcolout pagestooin the May issue of SCALE MODELS — on sale Apnt3, 1981 NEWS FROM SHUTTLEWORTH The famous de Havilland OH 88 Comet G PUL UT PO uaa mame Seiten ere ee et Pn el Ce eee uae i SSL OAR ce) controls. telescopic aerial, battery condition eae ete UCC er Reta at tec mC Peat ares Dee Tae ee aoa h eer reat Pree eeu e ei ad Cee eo eC Re ar ace eet ey poke RUT RO NM A Lol Loe] Ronee CU Ra Cr ee ee CRON Rea CLA AVAILABLE NOW AT ALL RIPMAX STOCKISTS aACS, winner of the MacRobertson Ait Race from England to Austealia in 1934, has been moved to 2 position of prom: inence in the Shuttleworth Collection at Ola Warden and will be on view to visitors uring the remainder of its restoration programme. This forms part of 2 plan to intensity and publicise the work, which has become possible through further offers of practical help from organisations within the aviation and allied industries. ‘To ensure that there will be the closest possible liaison between all the companies 8nd individuals involved in this ambitious task, Ron Paine has been appointed Tech resi Coordinator. Mr. Paine is one of the most experienced engineers in this field Starting as an aircraft apprentice at Brook lands in 1928 and ater became Chairman land Managing Director of British Midland Airways. As Technical Director of Wolver hampton Aviation (one of the companies that eventually became BMA) he was re. sponsible for some very involved wark on a ‘nde range of light aircraft, including com: Bletion of the last batch of Gemini light twins (the Gipsy Gemini) after Miles Air cratt Lid had ceased trading ‘Although the main work on the Comet is being undertaken by the engineering stat of the Shuttleworth Collection, tne project ‘would have been impossible without the ‘extensive help provided by the Hatfield base of British Aerospace, actingas today's ‘successor to the de Haviland Aireraft Com Medallion 2-ch An entirely NEW production from the world leaders in digital proportional PCR ocak kel MIN aa OMe Uke Perce ema ue tae nN Peg urease a ae em ae GENS PECL gy PO Meu Rol aR ean Dany which built the aircraft Other help has come {tom British Airways Leagine besrars and undercarriage components) nd Hants and Sussex Aviation (who have Completely overhauled the OH Gipsy Queen engines!, while Dowty-Aotol re. paired ang overhauled the undercarriage legs and Ciba-Geigy have provided all the lve (or the wooden airframe. Many other firms and individuals have participated in the project. There are far too many toname With the renewed pace of the pro sramme, several other companies are pro Viding strong support. Specialised Mould: ings of Redwongs Way, Huntingdon, Cambridge, nave made a plastic moule that has enabled Old Warden cralteman, Bert Etheridge to form the complicates shape of te Comet's wooden fuselage top and bottom decking. The Aviation Division of Dunlop, of Holbrook Lene, Foleshll Coventry will be providing tyres, tubes and all freproct noses. Marconi Avionics of Christopher Martin Road. Basildon, Essex. have offered help with the avionies radio} package, especially in the form of Airborne Direction Finding equipment Lucas Aero. space, who have helped already on magneto and other related items, have olfered to provide the aireralt's main eee tical gear Plessey Aerospace of Abbey Works. Titchfield, Fareham, Hants. will be supplying the special landing lamp that fits inthe fuselage nose cane. CSE Aviation of Ce Rem Mme Re aS cme Uncen eet ee Cue Pinas fo Ti eee) EUR Toca srs Peri Curios Pte Anel atc 1s, depending on Porras Pera eeIeS eerie Cy el catay Socrates eens eto r Ie cores on eee ees iron) ea it HIGH QUALITY COMPLETE te Cresent ec Bin) — DON’T DELAY, BUY TODAY! Se ee Ceo an Ora £23 Oxford have supplied the anti-collision light All this specialised support has become possible due tothe historial significance of this aiteratt, marking the important part that it payed in Boosting the British averatt industry in the thirlies, However, if the background fo the Comet and its achieve ments escape you, read on The background: Late in 1933, Sir MacPherson Robertson announced that he would be awarding substantial prize meney for winners of ar air race tobe held in the following year frois England to Australia. ‘This was to mark the 100th anniversary of the founding of the state of Victoria and to help to place that iselated area “on the map ‘Although very litle time was available ang all other aircratt manulacturers opted ut, the de Havilland organisation offered te design and build a sutable aecoplane, at 4 highly subsidised price of £5,000. in @ total time of only nine months. This was conditional upon firm arders being placed by the end of February 1936 Three orders were received and all three Comets were sult in time Allthree were at Mildenhall for txe startand all three took olf in the race, Tris was an outstanding achievement,fot 112 Comet features un Usual structural methods 10 meet the streamlining requirement. together with 2 tevractable undercarriage, 2 long-range fuel installation and variable pitch pro COMBO only £12 Cee Caan Ses abe a a eae REY rT URES Ky ro ruraza —————(4 wl Hc AVAILABLE NOW FROM RIPMAX STOCKISTS ‘The NEW SIZE R/C cigine Pertnmanse? Quite lant! Speed eamge OW right up to 22.00 tp RUC carb Mavinum 04 HIP wnich ps itina cls offs oun! Ene taring Ey 1 ain or amo ‘etwiallacevand rgscdcomstracton Propsto ase? price £37.25 Suencen ase als pellers Other participants ranged from = Miles Hawk of the Manawutu Aero Club in New Zealand to Douglas DC-2 and Boeing 247 airliners, but the Comet was the only machine designed and built specially for the race The Comet G-ACSS, known as Gros vvenor House (because the owner Mr. AO Edwards owned the Grosvenor House Hotel in London) won the race in 2 total ‘lapsed time of 70 hours, 38 minutes and 18 seconds. Later it served wath the Royal Air Force for evaluation purposes (the Mosquito of World War ll owes much tot Comet design) and on its ceturn to ewlian ‘ownership “CSS carried out several other notable achievements. is final fight wasin 1938 and it spent nearly the whole of the war period standing outdoors, under camouflage net. at the now-defunct Gravesend Airport G-ACSS 16 the Comet that has survived In 1951 the (then) de Havilland Aucratt Company ‘ofurbished in externally, but Femoved the engines and all the equip ‘ment. thang it on display in the Festival of Britain. Then it returned to OH for storage. before being passed to the Shuttleworth Collection at Old Warden Aerodrome in October 1965 fer public exhibition W. J. ‘Bill’ Forst ‘The “Grandad! of the mode! wade peace {ullyon March 10, 1981 aged 9 after aie time of madelling activity Though perhaps better Known Tor his establishment of ‘Veron’ the vintage enthusiasts will re- member him a8 the co-founder of Aero: ‘models, Liverpool and the original Model Aucratt Stores, Bournemouth, which made MAS Kits including tne “Comet Scorpion, Algo. for marketing among many other pioneering supplies, the 2 See Super Spi fire petro engine of 1998 ana the post-war ‘Tee Stentor Bil was amongst the first 40 market Saga in Briain, andbelongedtaihe (reat era of Joe Kenworthy and edeie Kel. ‘with whom he hag many alliances. During the wer years he turned out tens. of thousands’ “sold” kits, turning to control line, ree ight and radio cantral after 1946 fa his Company developed one of the best Known trademarks in the world. Veron carries on under the management of his Son Bert" Forster to whom we extend aut 222 ‘Tre crgital Gocomert is heaty vate er pervonssune NEW RTP CLUB Les Brock has negotiated with St Augustine's Church in Thorpe Bay, to use theirhallonce a month fer ATP tying, hope: tully every second Tuesday from 20.00hrs, to 22.30hes, There will Be room for two flying circles. with approximately 12 to 13 feet flying lines anc a ceiling clearance of about TT feet or so. Untine knows what the response willbe. 11S not possible to decide fon the number of members or age ents Al models will be welcome — Seale, Aevo batie, Combat, Speed, Hovercratt, Cars etc ‘All details can be obtained trom Les Beock at 202 Thorpe Hall Avenue, Thorpe Bay, Essex SS1 3SE Tel Southend on Sea 585592, oF from John Tull, 79 Tyrone Road. Thorpe Bay. Essex. Tel Southend on Sea 687050 The first meoting will be on Tuesday, March 10, 1881 sae mgOOR save Natiowats Aube Bate’ pranur CO, venve Oneay Mumeical Soon Bete Me ana Bury 3 86 top Fyn ice C2 Serio tees wnt'n fo S20N SSH Sen apes aoh oat Swag memeess : ha suse comeing ic poo 8 ee Bima Bi abuts fetta tags « ons Wildvoursaac FF RALLY FIAISrounde1@ 8.08 EVENTS 138s Spm Admenon rea net seca £15 Aeromodeller tps ww hippeckatneeonmees corp. pine! oe Jy 2029! KWIK % we" FLYERS © Slot Together Balsa Wood Flying Models PERFORMANCE © RUBBER POWERED SUPERFIGHTERS + SPITFIRE © MUSTANG « Me105 ust stor ToserneR Ay FOR FON SKYLINER CHUCK GLIDERS + JUMBOJET * SKYTRAIN + EXEC. JET ach pack containe a compete pre decorated nasa wood chuck HAVE FUN WITH A D.P.R. MODEL! JOIN US IN THE JUNIOR WORKSHOP AT. © The MAP. Holiday Week, Filey itish National F/F Championships. © British National A/C & C/L ‘Championships. © Pontins National Model-Makers Festival. * Special Competition for ‘SUPERFIGHTERS’ at Sandown Park Show! Send 9 § AE tor details of mer exciting comlete kits nthe BPR MODELS range to DPR. MODELS apace (082 4231 FROM YOURLOCAL MODEL OR TOY SHOP* May 1981 ‘All Mail Orders and Enquiries to Aero Modeller, Readers Service nee ee ee ‘Tre crginal Gocomert is heaty avetete fer pervonssune ot tps Seven hippechatnerenentcs compe. plane’ trom uty $2029BLUEBOTTLE An aerobatic slope soarer by Clive Smalley Introduction LET ME COMMENCE this article by first stating that this design was not of girally intendea 10 be a full aerobauc ‘Lioper” The main design aim, was to produce a wo function fist aileron model as 2 follow-up 10 my previously published Orange Box design One esign parameter continued trom the Orange ‘Box. was the need for good manceuvrabiliy. 10 stay within the ‘arrow areas of lift on my local slopes. Ia practice this has been achieved with 1! prototype, with an added bonus, lor experienced pilots: there being sufficient ‘oom within the fuselage for 8 third servo ‘operating the rudder However, the ‘model performs well on just aileron and levator To further increase the versa llty of the model, provision for a ballast bor near the centre of gravity has been Included on ihe plan. although this was ‘ot fitted to the prototype. This enables the model to be flown ina greater variety of wind conditions Without ballast tne ‘wing loading is relatively ght for a slope soarer at around Tors sat, giving 2 geod perlormance in ightish wind Conditions. providing the airspeed vs kept high Seite romero feneaze thre or 224 YOUR FULL SIZE PLAN ‘The somewhat unconventional cross section of the fuselage, was adopted 10 allow the aileron servo to be mounted on the underside of the wing. without the need to cut away the wing Bottom skin apart trom a small slot for the servo connection It has been designed t0 ‘accommodate the older larger servos Such as the orginal Futaba type. AS the aileron serve lay flat within the fuselage. ‘t was logical t0.similarly lay the elevator Servo lat, giving rise to the phrase, “first fof the wide bodied slope soarers! Construction ‘The construction of the model has been kept 2s simple as possible for tast ullding, combined with swength and lighiness. Although not as economical to build as an open structure. the all sheet wing gwes greater torsional sifiness which is useful when ailerons are used To speed assembly. the box wing is built over the bottom skin. Mark oot and join ‘iuin sheet for both bottom skins to (ead outline size Mark on all the rb and ‘par positions Cut ovt two sets of ribs By the ‘sandwich method Pin down a bottom skin and glue on the lower sp eiibe he Screw Rosell dignedohave toe yt B followed by the ribs and 1op spar Angle the foot nb to the dihedral template Add the aileron spar and leading edge. Next Ii the wedbing between the spars making sure the grain 8 vertical Finally ‘ag6 in the $739 blocks 10 lake the aileron Teading hinges. When dty. remove Duilging Board and sand the eeedge to match the nib curvature Do not ‘ound-otf at this stage Now fit the tubes for the aileron cables, cutting slots in the skin for the exis at the horn positions land in the centre for the servo connector Re-pin the assembly to the building board along the trailing edge and tip rib Pack-up the leading edge at tne centee by Yan and support this along ts length with shims of various heights to keep it Sead aight Make up the top skins oversize 10 allow for the nib curvature Now glue in position with PVA and pin thoroughly 10. the existing structure Leave for at least 24 hours. The packing the cantre will automatically build in the ‘washout’ Build the other wing panel to this stage. checking that the washout 1s tdentical to the frst panel Make up the aileron cable by soldering a wire servo connector at the centre Apply epoxy 10 the centre tbs, slide the cable inio each wing panel trom the centre and join the panels Take care not 10 get epoxy on the Cable or in the tubes! When cured, add the wing tip blocks the centre section jaing edge pieces and the ‘yin* "yin spruce reinforcing sicips. Send the wing {oa smooth finish Carve the tip blocks land ‘round off the leading edge The wing centre reinforcement can now de ‘added using a nylon bandage and PVA glue in a similar manner to fibre glass ‘and resin, Cut ine ailerons from trailing ledge Siock and hinge in position Cut the teable to the correct length and solder the Servo connector in position This completes the wing assembly The fuselage construction 1s straight forward No plan wiew 1s shown on the plan as the author feels it 1s better 10 mark the centre lines on each of the formers Draw a straight line down the building board to represent the plan view centre line and build the fuselage directly onto the board Plans, espec after they have been folded, do not neces Sarly become siraight even with the most careful sellotaping down and this can obviously lead to a ‘banana fuselage Make up @ lelt and night hand side panel, gluing the ply doublers in position May 1981 with contact glue. Glue F2 to one sice panel at right angles, and F3 10 the other Side panel at right angles. When dry. these ean then be joined to form the basic fuselage Pin in position over the line on the board and pull the tail together exactly over the centre line Give and pin, Simulatly add in former F1 and support the glue with rubber bands It doesn't matter if the fuselage is bulll inverted on. the board. use the longest straight, oF fat edges Next add the underside sheet block and corner reinforcements. Fi the elevator cable i this 1s to be used Whilst this is drying, make up the tail plane/elevator assembly and cut out the fin Use light but firm grade material Epoxy the taiiplane to the luselage assembly and tit the tear top decking. Fit the hatch retaining plates, spot glue the hatch in position and epoxy an ihe nose block Carve and sand tne fuselage 10 shape and smooth off Cut the hatch free ‘and libregiass inside the nose compart ment Glue i the wing dowels and finally epoxy the fin in position This ‘completes the basic arrframe woodwork Covering and Finishing The model is suitable for any wpe of covering material The author prelers coloured issue wings with a painted fuselage in a bright sold enamel finish This helps with visibility problems during thght I do rot advocate using nylon en all sheet wings as 15 very dit {cult to repair the 06 nick and splat which ‘sbound te occur Whichever method of finishing you ‘adopt. do. keep st as light as possible Heavy models don't soar $0 wel! Flying Choose a moderately windy day for test fights The model is responsive 10 ailerons and can be turned very tightly ‘once mastered With this type of model. it eee o. (tee a ts always better 10 fly fas1, Do not let the ‘model ‘slow down when Heading to ‘wind but squeeze slight down elevator 10 keep the speed hugh Speed produces lift $0 don't be atraid of using down elevator Better control response 1s obtained with speed and there is obviously less danger fof staling out Remember the elevator is, basically 8 speed control device This also holds true for power mode's and ful ‘se averatt When entering a turn, always begin to toll the model before applying the eleva tor to actually catty aut the turn Wah practice there vs a ile time 'ag between rolling and turning but if you apply levator fst, the model will vise and Slow down Application of aileron could then easily create a situawon where the model stalls out Finally, | do hope you have as much enjoyment trom building and flying the ‘Bluebottle’ as the author ‘Tre crginal Gocomert is heuty avetete fer porvonssune ot tps:Soven hippochatnerenantcs corwtpe_plane’fvom duty $2029available and forgiving of minor crashes However, with the exception of the glass filed variety. they are flenble. This means they distort easily. watch the blades of 2 antic prop as an R/C engine is alternately 3wved up and closed down) — andarecon” sequerily losing efficiency All flexibl fylon props should be boiled in water for bout 15 minutes fo reduce any brittleness the material One should never putone's face in the same plane as the spinning prop ise in case a blade should be shea For better porformance stiffness is then ‘an important requirement. It the prop i 10 be balanced or further modified it should 1 be made of a material which can be carved by appropriate tools 2 have sufficient blade thickness to allow process (1) and still have sufficient rigiity leftin the structure Thus the choice is limited to Improved engine performance and smooth running can be obtained by any modeller, using simple tools and measuring equipment as described in this WHATEVER THE BRANCH of aeromode! ling the individual modeller is interestedin iis the normal experience that over the years his aircratt perform better There are any reasons for this, for example improving construction sl, — increasing knowledge of engines and. their operation, In other words acquired stills and experience pay off intermsot performance ‘The purpase ofthis article is to show that the benetits in performance resulting from Increased skils and experience come not ‘only from improved construction, motor ‘operation and other basics but also from apparently secondary things. Tike pro- pellets. By paying attention totheprop, very Uselul benetits. in smoother running, higher speeds and the ike canbe had. Here I'give my own experience in this area. but let me emphasise that one does not have to bbe competition minded outilise atleast the basis, for simply by choosing a prop in a rigid material and balancing Ht, vibration Betas 3 HALF ROUND re ae iii 39) eee ae article. ‘can be reduced, model ite improved. com Ponent failure rate reduced, and engine uns improved. All good things — so read ‘on Ityou are competition minded, whether even mote motivation to read on! Ie order of simplicity, the steps to better prop performance are 1 choice of prop in sif material 2 balancing 3 pitching the prop blades a airfoil on blades forming an accut You can expect ‘smoother and better performance to achieve consistent results to be able to reproduce good props to experiment logically tw reduce noise levels in some cases THE CHOICE OF PROPELLER The first choice of most modellers is the plastic propeller. they are cheap. readily rl 1 wooden props 2 epoxy-glass mouldings 3 epoxy-carbon fibre mouldings Wooden props are about the same pe size for size, a6 nylon, Epoxy mouldings ar much more expensive but, damage apart stable and very durable THE EQUIPMENT NEEDED Most of the equipment needed is illustrated in photographs 1. 2 and 3. ‘Obviously you ean get by with far esi you start by simply balancing the props belore use. A full set consists of 1 pitch gauge — see list at end for suppliers 2 prop balancer 3 vernier caliper gauge — 2 very simpl cheap one is good enough 4 ‘steal rule — 6in or 12in 5 Gin second cut (medium) warding fle — the tapering blade width 's useful 6 Gin hall round file for radiused corners 7 280 grade wet and dry 8 Soft pencil or fibre tip pen 8 lots of patienceNot ‘The dust from glass or earbon props can cause skin levitation Barrier cream is 8 help Wash your hands under cunning water If your hands are sensitive wear thin Cotton of disposable polythene gloves ‘On the assumption that you have assembled all ie above equipment rather than a new carl) would like to describe a the processes involved in turning 2 ‘moulded blank info a finished prop. The stages are related to an FAI team race pron but apply equally to any size anc type of prop. However ‘wooden propellers and many R/C size glass fibre props are Finished for immediate use USING A PITCH GAUGE Study photographs 3, 4 and 5. Most {gauges follow the same basic patiern as the SF eh gauge used in the illustations Photograph 3: shows the scale face — ‘graduated im both inches and mullmetres of pitch per rev. Notice that there are ten Separate vertical scales. Photograph 4: shows the base with its ‘greoves milled parallel 1o the scale and Cursor Notice that these grooves are rrumbered according to the radial cistance trom tne hub. Each groove nas a corres: ponding scale on the face eg 30 on base must be used with scale 30 Photograph 5: shows the main com: boners of the gauge disassembled, which 's useful for storage or travel ‘The carrier enables the prop to be moved fcom slot 10 slot and lifts the prop sut ficiently to clear the cursor Quite simple so far With the prop firmly attached tothe carrie at right angies tothe face, the carrier is put into the lst groove, the cursor brought against the rear face of the prop blade and @ reading taken on the appropriate scale PREPARING A PROP FOR PITCHING Most glass tibee propsave made n simple two part moulds, although Jurgen Bartels fine products are made in sige! moulds, ‘which have heated electrodes built into the ‘easing. AS sold they usually have anamount ‘of moulding flash around the hub and biace ‘edges All he props shown in Photograph 6 have been found 10 be good regarding construction, strength and basic th of the relationship between each blade. The wooden ‘Punctilio’ used for aerobatic tying IS-also made to 9 high standard Step 1 Using the flatfile. remove all moulding flashings being careful not to cut into the blade area. Usually the blade outline canbe seen. It doubttul, emphasise the outline ‘with a felt tip pen Clean flashings trom hub Pass afile over the rearcf the hub face to clear obvious unevenness. Make sure that there is sullicient clearance for the ‘carrier 16 seat cleanly, without fouling the May 1981 inate blade root, especially with the cuffed root variety. Stop 2: Mount the propeller on the carrier at 80° to the base. The cone nut will centre the prop automatically — study Fig. 1. The ‘im 1s to check that the prop is parallel ‘along its length with the base. Take sbout three readings on each Blade with the prop placed in the central slot on the base Gently file the hub along the axis to adjust until any discrepancy 1s removed. Step 3: Check that the back of each blade is reasonably Hat — hie gentlyil not. but co not a1 this stage alter the pitch. Label blaces A and 8 Take three selectec readings on blade A. Make 2 note of these readings Turn prop around and take readings on blade @ at the same stations as blade A Make a note of these readings. | suggest you take 2 reading neat the hub, one halt ‘way and one near but not at. the 1p. Step 4 Compare the veadings ofbiade A with those olblade 8 If hey are notveryciosetie. Yin fr 6mm) you will have 10 bring them to aa Average position by fling gevass the hub Study Fig. 2. Blade A is found to have ‘more pitch than blade 8. Looking down blade A from tip to hub, remove material to the right hand side of hub. NB. Keep rear face flat by fling across full width. Work slowly until satistied blades are equalised in basie piteh File front lace of hub paraliel to the rear face Taking measurements with the vernier wil fell you when this is achieved ut note the remarks, later, on prop washers This completes the basic work PITCHING AND EQUALISING THE BLADES, The stages in ach blades are. 1 using gauge to ser equal itch at opposite 2 making blades equal width at opposite 3 ‘equal airfoil section a1 opposite st 4 equalise biade length 5 achieve static balance on balance cradie fing pitch and equal ‘A) PITCHING Mount prop on carrier. Check tis a ight angles to base slots, Tighten secu ‘Bo not remove tram carrier until pitching is completed ‘This ensures consistent readings: ‘Study Photograph 7 Place carrier on base at fist station Measure pitch Draw a line across rear of blade Note pitch reading Repeat 10 tp of blade A. Filebackot blade face, adjusting thepiich ‘a each station to desired reading. Lessen pitch by filing towaras wailing edge. in erease pitch by filing towards. leading ledge Recheck readings as needed Photograph 8 shows correc! hold, sup porting bade Repeat process for blade & Note-mare on ‘desired pitch’ later in anicle 227 eared een i ae eieeae WAI r E Peel ad 8) EQUALISING BLADE WIDTH Redraw station lines on back of blades. Measure widths using vernier Make blades of equal width at each station or trim to desired wisth C) EQUALISING AIRFOIL SECTION Study Fig. 3. Rub gel cost trom front of blage with light strokes of 280 wet and ‘ty Draw a curving ine following leading fedge at about 30% chord wicth back tom leading edge Using vernier measure the blade thickness at the ntersection of aitfo high point and station ine Again equalise these at each station or adjust to prefer Redrawr the atfol high point guideline Carefully hie blades to. flat bottom basic Clark ¥ section D) EQUALISING BLADE LENGTH Ser vernier to half desited ciameter Less Dall the dhameter of the hole through the ‘hub, Hook one jaw into hub and draw other Jaw across tip to scribe a mark, Adjust blades to length set Lightly rub prop with ‘wet and ory’ to remove file marksbut be careful na! toundo Your work. Seal the blade tips witt'@ drop of eyno glue E) BALANCING PROP Mount prop on spindle in balance cradle There should be little imbalance by now Using a wet and dry. scrape maternal from the heavy blade until balance 1s achieved Note: remove material rom the whole area of the blade Time taken for your lrst attempt at these processes could be 2s fong as four hours! But with practice you can reduce this to Fig. 1 228 ee al TRIBE FAI —— JENSEN on oO ‘about one hour while watching television Do not forget to have some newspaper on Your knee. Who saié anything about 2 may have occurred to you that, wth al ofthis caretul work, particularly on the rear {ace of ne prop hub. toget the aeracynamc balance night, the front lace of the prop ‘should be patalel with the rear face saasto fensure that when you tighten the prop down, everything ‘stays as intended Furthermore, with rigid props, if the front face is lumpy and/or not parallel, thea when the prop is tightened down hard, you ‘may even crack the hub Obviously, fitting the front face fat and parallel isa must but with hand tole only Wt is) virtually impossible to get it totaly parallel. The solution isto use a fairly thick (say 2 3mm) plastic washer between the leant face and the peop washer — DELRIN or NYLON does very well here The result is no more Cracked or wobbly props. ‘Mention hes been made of “desired pitch, chord length and thickness. How are these found? Systematic record keeping 's the key. | keep 2 book wilh heagings as follows. TYPE OF PROP \e, make and model DIAMETER and NOMINAL PITCH ic. 6% «75 REMARKS 1 speed. range, carb size STATION PITCH BLADE BLADE CHORD THICKNESS 2imm 2.3mm 2 8% 20mm 2.1mm Having set up the records department 1 Take a basie prop such as Tribe, Bartels, Jensen and clean up cat pitches as found but equalised. Equalise al other dimensions. Fly and note results, especially engine run. if you are racing oF Speed living Adjust pitch or diameter as your experience or ‘hunchest cictate 1 5% Truing wp the hub ong the lng ans of the prop. Prop mounted om cure Base of ne eid rea Civ eareted 2 Borrowa successful prop and measure't but remember that itis from a different (ewer) engine — model team com "tis a good guide Any experimentation ought to be under taken in. logical manner. Remember that you have the following variables 1 diameter — generally thought tobe very, important in terms of efficiency as the root fof the prop is not very effective because of the interference of the fuselage Larger diameters may well give improvements in ‘ange and speed 2 pitch — the degree of ‘sip! ie. the ait ference between the iceal pitch and the ‘actual aistance moved forward, can playan Important role However simply increasing pitch 10 compensate will not sulfice Besides the efficiency of 2 prop with 30% slip, may be as high 36 85%! (Slips 2 ratio ‘of distances but elficiency a measure of ‘wotk in om the engine and work dane by the prop) 3 airfoil — the thickness of the blade ean attect revs ie thinner should be faster but if the blages distort. any theoretical gain Beating costs ia mind its probablyberter to start with larger ciameters which canbe Traigg the bnaes 1 ech Fig. 2 Acromodeller ‘Tre crginalGocmert is hasty svete fer ervonasune at tps:Souen hippochatnerenantcs corwtpe. piano’ from uty $2089Fig. 3 ‘lipped’ and thicker blades which can be thinned. Also in the absence of really ttfective measuring equipment other than the stopwatch, the ‘suck and see’ method is. ‘often the best The prop is then only one element in the ‘make-up of @ good mede!. tis, however, an Important one and moreover one that can be changed to give optimum performance for compention flyers and smooth low vibration levels for all modellers. would like to close this section by thanking Hutton Oday of Australia for really opening my leves to these possibilities during his stayin England curing 1977 GH PONNT OF SLADE ABFON = easURE ae SATION USES OW BACK OF BADE UHE MEE 0 Guide tines for ting ptch blade wieth Slade thickness & blade afou Directory of equipment and goods < (03500 OtGENAURG 0.0m Mumbo! Cane Dope For'esing and sinking tissue and hvlon ont balsa wood frames when Humbrol Callose Colour Dope For eolouraa tying Se spol Humbrol Sanding Sealer Ioeal for seating! balan an other woods After using sanding sear. the ‘wood can be ighiy sanded to give 2 May 1981 ol oge 9 anera — S48 oad Eat Luton LU QAE, Tot: 0582-20435 * eae nc tes Silas Weenies anne eee ene eee 613 aan te a wis 4su Anything to do with kites: mi Please write for free illustrated catalogue and details of our comprehensive mail ordi service Telephone: 01-946 5962 KITES ils, accessories, books, magazines, ready-made or do-it-yourself — we can help. 229 sy $2029Alex Imrie gives an introduction to the Vintage Modelling Scene. IT HAS OFTEN BEEN SAID that the popularity af the Aeromodeiler Vintage Day at Old Warden has to be experenced tobe believed. however, despite the constant Success and high gates enjoyed by 1! funtion ts stil thought by some to mark the only day in the year when the old time models get an airing. This «sa mis Conception and be it known by this writing that vintage models iyallthe year round, in all weathers Nightfiving sessionson frosty, ‘moonlit winter's nights are not unknown, ‘when the pencell illumination navigation light bulb (forced under the wing holding ubbers of a pre-timmed model) mingles ‘wath the stars and traces sts pathacross the ‘sky to the accompanying aote of its vintage engine The purpose of this coloumn is to show the reader the amount of eurrent actwity in the field of vintage modelling It can only ‘survive and continue tobe of interest you Contribute 10 it, $0 in Keeping with other columnisislinvitereadersto send indetails ‘and black and white photographs of models. currently being built and flown. The ‘emphasis must be on the present, sincestis mainly news that 1= requieed. However, Periodically historical _matier will be Included to serve as an educational aé for fnew readers ‘An increasing qumber of modellers are concentrating their efforts in building and flying old time models of all types When ‘one looks at many models of Bygone days it ‘is obvious that they are fine designs in thew ‘own right, and the passage of time. not feven 40 years can detract from thew ‘appeal. It ot hard to understand then, ‘why modellers delight in being asscciated ‘with vintage models. Not manyenthusiasts make the spruce, wire and silk models rom the twenties and earlier, but. many Build ‘models rom the thirties since it was 19 this ‘decade that balsa wood eame into general use and model petrol engines were Geveloped as suitable power units. The degree of authenticity obtained by these constrvetors, however, varies greatly, seme of the diehards build models of raze design using original materials and the results of ther labours are ue replicas in every sense of the word, power driven models being fitted with spatk ignition ot compressed au engines These structures, many of them of pl wood and spruce construction, lurch into hesitating fight usually of short duration, but the true vintage enthusiasts savour every moment of thei involvement and Sladly Secept the frustrations associated uth dity igawtion timer points. oed-up parking plugs ang iat batteres, they also absolutely refuse to even consider tithing Fagio control to their creations ‘Otner modellers da nat strain atter 100% realism, they are just as enthusiastic Dut are happy to reproduce the shape of 2 well known model from the past using modern materials, and see st fly using an “out of period engine ‘The most popular models would appear tabe those Irom the period shortly tier he end of the war when power made! fying ‘was ence again being allowed following 3 four year prohibition from August 1940 At thig time not only was there a plentiful supply of petrol engines once again, butthe model diesel engine emerged This new ower unit meant for many modellers the fend of infuriating problems with spark 'grsion, and of course. made the feasibility ‘of really small power models a practical eee ae pent eth Yas man ced mvaductory robe aiven mode) gh Tas eran Aeromodaller ey SEpossibility. Dyed-in:the woo! R/C ‘modellers looking for ‘something different ‘are also joining the ranks. They remember articular models from their past and build these old timers ittedwith modern engines and radio to produce the ‘radio assist class of viniage model Many others at the hobby today now find that they have ihe opportunity t6 build the models that were out of reach to them as youngsters. Others have taken up viniage modelling for the relaxation and pure enjoyment that comes from delving ino.old books and magazines. to discover what went on in the game almost 50 years ago ‘Some modellers, of course. iked the type ot ‘model that they built and flew in the old ays, and although that might have been many years age, they havejustkeptrighton Going their own thing, relusing to be Influenced in any way by changing trends land advancement techniques that have filled the model press in the interve years, they are almost the Rip Van Winkles ff the movement. All types. of modeller, mowwated for all sorts of reasons are lurning to aeromodelling a8 it used to be and finding out how-eally enjoyabie i alls ‘OF course, it 8 not only power-dnven types of model that are being resurrected, mranya fine rubber-driven model or gliders emerging from the pages of old issues of Model Engineer. Aeromoselier. Flying ‘Aces, Aur Trials and Model Airplane News SAM Initially known as the Antique Medel Association. the Society of Antique Modellers (SAM) was formed some seventeen years ago in the USA when the Growing interest. in vintage models Indicated that some organisation would be necessary i the aim of ‘dedication to the reproduction and living of antique and vintage model aircraft’ was to be fulliles ‘and for the membership to expand beyond the relatively small number of founder enthusiasts May 1981 “The cngiaa cocumant steely avi frpaesonat use a ps we hippehatawon sees compe pines SAM said, ‘The competition flying of free light model aireratt of vintage design is intended to be casual. enjoyable and interesting for both competitor and spectator alike. It is, neither desivedto advance the state-of-the: art of aeromodelling, per se other than to Increase participation in the sport gen erally, nor to remove again that which 1s feady recorded in aeromodelling history books. The intention of the SAM rules 1510 categorise the basic types of vintage models and establish an equitable anc ‘imple framework of regulations for com petition purposes Therefore, model {designs that revolutionised ree fight com petition necessitated two basic. class fications. Antique and Old Timer The delinitions decided upon at the formation of this body defined an OLD TIMER as a model aircraft which had been designed, kitted or plans published prior to December 31, 1942, and an ANTIQUE as a ‘model aircraft which had been designed, kitted ot plans published prior to Decomber 31, 1938, For serious SAM competition ‘work these delinitions stil stand, But mere has been 9 general relaxation and in keeping with SMAE thinking the VINTAGE ‘model (especially in the fly fot fun context) {3 defined as a model aiteratt which had been designed, kitted 0° plans published to December 31, 1950 (Over the last 4 years mainly due to the sterling efforts of Dave Baker modellers in UK with similiar interests were ‘assembled into a loose knit SAM Chapter Eventually here too t became necessary 10 Inticduee organisation and Chapter 35.16 row affliated to the parect Society of [Antique Modellers. The first AGM was nels tn October 1980 wnen officers were flected and subscriptions decided upon Members receive 6 copies annually of the news sheet SAM 35 SPEAKS, this journal ‘san absolute MUST for anyone interested ‘in the vintage scene in UK and contains Information on meetings, competitions, articles on vintage models and plans etc Recent plans nave included Victory Wakelieid by Larsen, Denmark 1940, ‘5-4 4 1939 Abrug 36 inch span high wing ower model suitable for the OC Dart "Wedgy’ by Shulman, a 42 inch span power ‘model lor small engines (Class A) the 1940 American Nationals winner, while the Christmas 1980 free give-away was a ful size plan for the ‘Baby Buccaneer.’ a re esign in smal size ofthe famous Berkeley ‘Super Buccaneer of pre-war days ‘Annual subscription is £5 for seniorsana £3 for juniors under the age of 15 years ‘ay teader interested in joining shoula ‘apply for membership to Peter Michel Treasurer SAN 35. 56 Lynwood Grove. Orpington, Kent wih the appropriate tee ‘Membership 1s now rapidly approaching the 200 mark which makes SAM 35 stronger than some other better known minority groups within the model aero. plane movement as a whole, and warrants that vintage living should be gwen mare fecognition than has hitherto been the case A number of trophies are to hard for annual competition and a busy year of fiying meetings and other functions is envisaged At the time of writing February) SAM 35 has already enjoyed its frst 1981 flying meeting tkindly arranged by Peter Fisher of Performance Kits) when over 50 members spent 2 busy Sunday flying on Biggleswade Common on 25 January The weather was kind and on more than one ‘Occasion as manyas twenty models were 10 be seen in the air together, these varied from rubber-drven flying scale and vintage Wakelield and ghder models through Sadler's 1940 Pacemaker, Slicker, Junior 60. Bowden Contest and Black Magic 10. 1934 ten foot span KG 2 (Kovel-Grantl A Good time was certainly hac by all, this, olumevst flew his Super Atom powered Garam Molecuie untiit was too darktosee tore. til the fuel ack, and when he vacated the field Geol! Clarke was sill hard at it flying his ED Baby powered replica of Arthur Schitlermueller 829 inch span low. ‘wang model made from plans in the 1948 Acromodeller Annual ‘An added incentive for a vintage ‘enthusiast 0 jin SAM 35 1s that ho will Be ‘able to participate in the frequent feiendly 231 sury $2029exchanges of plans engines and other accessories amongst membersatprices lar below that currently charged by com: mercial undertakings Finally, 1n case any ‘modeller teels that before he can become Involved n vintage anc join in the fun, that hhe must possess @ vintage engine. the following lines taken at random tram recent ‘issues of SAM 35 SPEAKS shoulé dispel Such thoughts. “An Indian Mills at 200 feet looks no ilferent trom an eriginal Reproduction engines such as the Indian Mile are eligible under the cules, land work quite well enough for the sort of flying that we do. “You don'thave tohave a vintage engine tocompete or even wan with let alone just ‘model magazine, or kitted, or manufactured ‘ror to December 1948 2. 'The entrant must be the builder of the ‘model he uses in this contest, and all = cial fights must be mode with the same . ‘mode! 3. Models must contorm to the orginal 3 arawings Addivonat nose sheeting and ply ‘reinforced wing joints are allowed. Thrust lines. rigging angles. wing sections or structure may nat be changed 4. Power may be by ignition engine. or diese! or glow engines of the appropriate 5. Wing loading is not to exceed 160r5 salt & Models must ROG. 7. A total fight time of 60 secs 1s to be fly for fun aimed at ‘C'mon in. the waters lovely! — & Each competitor will have 3 fhghts and Alex imie NacGaRr the best one will count for the contest. THE JOHN HAGGART Memon 9 Fights will be in 3 rounds, and order of MEMORIAL TROPHY TROPHY fiying will be one at a time - by draw The original aim of the ‘Bowden Trophy fof the 1930s when powered model Hight 10 Each competitor will be allowed 3 ‘minutes to get his model airborne. Failure ‘was in its infancy of development, was to encourage a type of power driven model aircraft wth inbuilt automatic stabibty and ity Realistic slow speed ight of the period was to be encouraged The ‘John Haggart Memorial Trophy as intended 0 revive and perpetuate interest in this early traaiion 1 Models must be authentic replicas of power designs, published in any Natvonal Acut above A aCe Ra etcl Designed for the modeller, Humbrol Craft tools Coico NC Rear ee ereTy eee ‘Availabe individually oF in ‘kts” the range consists of « Pesce rece em TiS pe roemeren einer tea eatin serey biariatt Nee CT MAJOR KIT “ Sf Sacer Seria eT a 232 ‘will mean going to the end of the queue 11 Models must land na normal manner and 1 sight of the time keepers 12. The tight ume may be reduced if the weather conditions are other than 160807 able, and this will be decided on the day 13, Each competitor. must have valid third party insurance cover. prool of this will be required belore lying takes place 14. The Commuttee's decisions are final CONTEST PROVEN PERFORMANCE SUPER Tigre G20/15 £23.37 Probably the world’s most popular .15 size motor for FA. ‘Combat available at a new lower price due ta the improved rate of exchange. ‘Twin ball-races. special Super Tigre porting and finest materials and workmanship backed by a free-of labour charge repair service, irrespective of age or condition Spare parts readily available. See one at your local dealer ‘or direct from address below Distributed by Tigre Engines and Micro: Mold Tigre Engines 97 tudor avenue, watts Herts. Phone: Watford 42859 VISITORS BY APPOINTMENT ONLY PLEASE TRADE ENQUIRIES INVITED SAE WITH ENQUIRIES PLEASE “The orignal cocument is keely avatetie for personal use at hips www hippocketseronastcs comtpe_piens! trom July $ 2023.PRAGTICAL AERODYNAMICS TO GENERATE LIFT. 9 wing or blade is shaped carefully and held at an angle 10 the airllow as | moves. The angie of the ‘wing in elation to the direction of the flow is called the angle of auack When 3 ‘wing. of part of one, 18 tested ia.a wind Tunnel, every effort 1s made in these art {cial conditions, 10 hold the angle steady ‘and to Keep the atliow smooth for the Sake of precise measurements. The ialor mation $0 found being of great value to furcratt designers and engineers. In real flight the angle of attack tends to vary good ‘deal from. moment to moment Decause the air 1s not often smootn and the aweralt is not held righly. This. 1s particularly smportant for models, Because the various gisturbances in the air are large in relation (0 the size and Speed of the sodels s0 the angie of attack Variations tend to be greater inan. Sey. ‘witm 3 jumbo jet. In addition the operator ofa mode! may change the angle of fauiack "Radio and line-controlled mode's have hinged surfaces, tlaps and eleva tors etc. whose function ts mainly to do this. Some lewe-flight models have been {ites with automatic ‘twimming devices for reasons like those outlined in Part 1 of this series, ang at one time ‘pendulum controls were quite popular for certain types of scale models, the idea being to correct large changes of the wing's angle of attack by use of 2 swinging weight pulling the’ elevators. in’ the direction Fequired. Most free-light models have the trim set belore fight and unless Something goes wrong, such a8 @ wing Shifting on. ils -mount or something Breaking, the tn does not change until some adjustment 's made by the modeller after a flight Sul, gusts and currents eause the actual angle of attack to vary 10 and {co on either side of the desired postion “Angles of attack are usually measured geometrically trom ihe chord line of wings nd tails or fins The chord hn is in most ages taken as the straight ine through the ‘extreme leading edge or nose of the wing profile. 1o the trailing edge Sometimes however iy on proliles with Undersides. a line touching the lowest part fof the section may be used, largely as 3 ‘of convenience. The angie of this chord line to the datum line of the model drawn on the plans, is fot the angle of ‘attack So long as the wings remain firmly mounted, ius rigging angle does not ‘change but as mentioned above, the 2ogle fof altack does vary It is probably best 10 fesetve the term angle ol incigence for this craving board angle but im some vacitings the angie of atack may be called the angle of sneidence. which can cause confusion What counts in practical model PART 2 OF MARTIN SIMONS’ APPROACH TO MODEL AERODYNAMICS ‘operations is the aerodynamic angle Sihich the flow meets the surtace ‘The tau unit of an orthodox mode is, for the moment, best regarded a8. ike the Hetehing fan arow designe onytoxeep he rest-of the aireralt pointing into the Birflow at whatever angle is required. The Special job of the tailplane is to hold the main wing as closely as possible to the fack and elevators. on fe there to change the ‘mainpiane's angle of attack for vim and manoeuvting It is tue that ‘modellers Sometimes rg tauplanes in such @ way that they generate a ile litas well as tnmming ye mainplanes More willbe saidin 2 ater Article about this But for the moment qaose ny small lft contribution from the tal anc Fegardit simply a8adevce fortemming the wing Iha fla plate. which, in protic, is just a very thin, Symmetrical wing. 1s eld at 26%0 angie of attack to the airflow, twill develop Fo lift The aur wll simply be gushed slightly apart at ihe leading edge and will close in again behind. The oniy forces on the plate thing passing through a fluid lke the aie ‘will pull itil of the fluid a!0ng Behind it Torming a wake similar to that of a sailing ship_ passing. through water The fluid fesists the movement. The crag of @ flat plate at zero angle of attack ve quite small Burmismeasurableandcanbeanalysedinto two parts. One partis the skin drag caused by the ait actualy rubbing the surfaces of the plate. causing Iriction. The other partis arm or pressure drag. The plate has 10 Bush its way through and experiences a Dressure resistance A thie plate will Generate more form or pressure drag than a {hin one These two types of drag combine ogether 10 form what ts known a8 profile rag. Profile drag vs always with us even ‘uth a simple tat plate section ‘Small model aircratt ean fly quite well ‘wath wings made trom lat plates The very ‘Smallest hand launched gliders sold in toy shops are sometimes of this type. The (like wings are trimmed, by setting the {allplane appropriately, sta small positive langle of attack and some lit is generated Providing the angle #8 not too great the aif manages 10 flow smoothly round the wing ‘and the total of all the pressures on the ‘wing. then yield a. nett upward force However, the protile drag also tends to aes B5 50 Increase: part of the price paid for forcing the air 10 provide lt. Since the ait behaves like a fluid, changes in ane place can have ettectseise \wineve and in the case of all ifting wings, the approach of the leading edge is felt some way in front and the flow begins 10 fespond belore the wing arrives There ean Upwash effect so that the angle at whieh fof attack As iW passes over and under tha ‘wing. ihe air is dellected down by i and gain, this downwash carries on far soma ‘way alter te wing has gone by So long as the air does remain flowing smoothly, te final result of his upwash and dovinwash is toretuen the aie more of less 10 the same. place as i was before the wing passed Through Only the wake, aragged long behind the moving wing, upsets this 10 some degree’ Note that the Hlow which is associated wath a iting wing has a generally upward Curved pattern, upwash in front, down, ‘wasn behind (Figura 1b) ‘Such thin lat plates are useless forlarge wings because they cannot be made strong or stlf enough to earty large loads, but in any. case they suller trom. serious Berodynamic disadvantages. Ifthe angle of attack of ne flat plate 'sinereaseg substan Tilly. the airflow over the upper surlace feannot change direction quickly enough fndit tends to break away or separate from the uppersurface Thisdoes not produce an fempty space or vaccum, forthe avr rushes Inte preventiis, but he law thus becomes, thoroughly churned up. W torms a series of vortices. very ike the small eddies. and Yinuripaols visible behind your hand i you ‘move it rapidly through water. The results very rapid ise in praile drag and because the smooth. upward curve of the flow is, istupted, the it is very much reduced This vs. 8.s1a// and fiat plates nave the isadvantage that they stall ata low angle of attack (Figura te} Since vaiiplanes and fins on some medium-sized models should not have to carry much load they may be designed as fiat plates and work well enough but th fulness. in other applications is very ited "To ease the avfiow round the sharp comer atthe leading edge and to produce & Shape tnat will conform beiter to the curved pattern produced by a iftng wing, seems, atural to use a plate that Is curved oF Cambered Such culved plates are. also Somewhat stiffer than fat ones so may be Usetul for somewhat bigger wings The angle of attack for a curved plate is also. measured geometrically from the Chord ine through leading and. wailing ledges butif tn ine «3 at zero angle to he Biflow.iseasy 10 see that the wing Datel eel I i aad ate etn ce a ee”(A) CURVED MATE AT ZEEO GEOMEMIE ANGLE OF ATTACK fot be zero as it was with the symmettical brofile. Since the plate is curved upwards {he sitlow 's bound to respond and some lit wal be produced. So long as the flow femains smooth. contorming closely to ihe Camber, the tetai drag willbequitelow The fir is not badly churned up (Figura 2a) IW the curved plate 1s gradually turned down to 2 negative angle of attack, he lift force will be reduced and, at someposition, the tencency of the camber to curve the flow upward wil be exactly equalled by the negative angi of tack tending 0 curve Gown. The actual pattern of flow under tmese conitions will be quite untidy. but the nett elect will bean average flow ‘without any Total upward curvature. The Fasult is, zer0 lft (Figure 2b) Since the flow is untidy, and since the leading edge meets it at an awkward angle. there may Well Be some flow separation on the uncer Side, and the profile drag may be quite high Aerodynamically.. then, the cambered profile reaches sero it at # negative ‘Seomerrie angle. For many purposes this Zero it position is far more:mpartant than the geometric zer0 angie which really has Title signiicance ina Hlow pattern whichis generally curved. The zero lit angle of attack for 3 curved profile is known a its ‘Berodynamic zero and itis often better to ‘measure angles of attack trom thie rather than trom the chord line. A. great deal depends on the amount of curvature. tthe plate 's only very slightly cambered it will Behave more like a flat plate, that i, it will Yield only a litte itt at the nero geometric Sngle and its aerodynamic zero will nat be very much negate On the other hand, to Produce more it's mote curved flow is Fequired and @ greater camber will tend in this direction. The aerodynamic zero will then be more negative. I too highiy curved the ait will not be able t0 tallow the contours of the plate so some separation is, Ike, so there iS every definite upper lira tothe usable camber’ Except for very unusual purposes, a "ten per cent” camber 's about the upper limit for model wings A ten per cant camber is one where the ‘maximum height of the centre line of the plate. is one tenth ag high as the chord fength.ie. tenparisina hundred tacurved plat ' raised to 9 high angle of attack it ‘angle, stall just as the flat te did Figure 2c) So far what has been found is that 2 cambered profile will have more drag atts Serecynamic zero, when st develops no lit, than at some higher aerodynamic angle of attack where it-does yield ft Gut a5 the angle of attack goes higher and higher the {rag will again increase anc eventually ie Stal will result, Somewhere between the Betedynamie zero and the stall, there is 27 Jngle at which such 2 section will gwve it ‘nth very low profile drag For a slightly Curved plate this angle will be near zero, for ‘2 more curved. plate it will be. mor, measured trom the aerodynamic zero, Thus for each cambered plate there is one, and only one. angle of attack at which profile {rag willbe atts minimum. Thisis the ea? Sandie of attack for that grote (Figure 3), it'has Been supposed up to now il 4] (@ CURVED PLATE AT AERODYNAMIC 2(KO ANGLE OF ATTACK Fig.2 these olferent plates are operating inflow fof the same speed. Models fly at various Speeds. some very fast, others, ike indoor Suration. types and. contest sailplanes. slowly. The total upward lifting force ‘obtained from a wing depends not only on ‘ts shape, size andangle of atack but on the speed of ight’ High speed. tends to Inerease the itt, low speed reduces Suppose, then, we havea control line ‘speed model of any olher kind ol very fast ‘model which we want to make iy as ast at possible Inlevel light. the total it equired ‘will exactly equal the weight and the wing (provides practically all this lik. This it ean be ‘obtained in various ways. One way ‘would be to use a thin symmeticalproile, lose to the flat plate. No model con fly ‘without any lit at all, but if me lat plate is trimmed at a very sirall angle of attack, i wil give ‘enough lift Unfortunately. the ‘rag will be more than the minimum so the actual speed obtained will not be as high as we'd lke. I we go too far the other way, Titing 2 well:eambered plate, the camber wil be too much so thatthe wing wit have tobe trimmed toa negative angle of attack, ‘geometrically, and will operate only just Bbove the aerodynamic zero. There will be Too much drag again. What we have todois 5 | ©) cuaveo rate at = anout so?) aracr I raft oes not go quite as ist, or stay up slong or glide as far. as the bost models, For instance, a speed macel with justa iitie {co much camber. wil fly round the circle well enaugh, but the wing will be st an ‘angle of attack aerodynamically, which Keeps the lit down to that required tor flight, ard because of the excessive camber this will create more profile drag. Such & fault might show up’ as a ‘nose down’ attitude in fight, but probably not because the rigging angle on the drawings has eally othing to do with the aerodynamic angle of attackin eal fight The angle ofthe fuse Tage te the fight line does not give anyclear ofthe operating conditions of the wing In exactly the same fashion, on, say. a model sailplane, tight with too small a amber willbe possibie but the wing willbe {trimmed at an angle of attack higher than the ideal. This might or might not give @ ‘ose up’ appearance inflight Gepending on how the wing happens to be mounted rele: tive to the fuselage The only evidence of the ertor willbe a higher sinking speed, and the inexperienced madelier may blame this fon other factors such as bad luck: with Sinking. air of too much drag tom the fuselage ‘Thin curved plate sections are quite use heat waite ofthe camber auch iat, ful for certain Wpes of model, spel when the lift and weight are equal andthe door types forreasonsthatwillbe explained ‘Sngine at maximum power. the wing is subsequently. For models that operate in Fig.3 a ahi =~ | CURVED PLATE AT IDEAL ANGLE OF ATTACK. iw ace operating atitsiseal angle of attack. Witha the rougher ait outsice, they sulfer from Very fast model this means we shall need Structural disadvantages and there only avery sight camber but there willbe also. a with the Nat plate. aerodynamic Some. the thin symmetrical profile ie not Snags Temmed at any angle but the deal, the best For the slow model everything is the way round” A thin symmetrical oF ‘unsuitable because to at low speed, the plate ‘would have to operate at high angle of {attack and in this tim it wouldgenerate too much drag, indeed i might even be beyond the flat piate staling angle and then the ‘model would not fiyat all. The requirement IS again for 2 wing that will generate the fight lift to balance the weight. when ‘Operating at minimum drag at the ideal of gach Thus camber, ft and specs ‘iris important to note that ight with the wrong camber will be possible. So unless the modeller is very conscious of these principles he ‘may ‘not realise why his Drolile drag begins to se quite rapidly $6 [Bgjusiments have to be very earetullymade and then the turbulence of the natural atmosphere is certain to cause the angle to fuctuate on either side of the desired position. With indoor models such factors Bre less important and fine adjustments Eentainly are made to gel high dur But for all other types of model which are less atfected by small vai are required ia practice’ Thicker profes also allow wing’ structures to be made Sulfer_ and ‘stronger for the rough and tumble of outdoor tight Sul, the idea of the idea! angle of attack applies fo all cambered wings: for every ‘model. then. there will be a best camber ‘Value anda bestangie of attack, to bring he profile drag of the wing to ite minimum ‘Tre crigitalGocomert is hasty veto fer porvonssune ot tps:Soves hippochatnerenantcs corwtpe. plane’ trom July $2029