tm1576 - 8100, 8200, 8300 and 8400 Tractors - Steering and Brake

Malfunctions

See the following symptom(s) for steering and/or brake diagnosis:

Front Wheels Wander or Drift
Steering Capacity Low or Stalls Under Load
Intermittent Drag While Turning Steering Wheel
Loss of Power Steering and Brakes
Loss of Power Steering (Brakes are Normal)
Steering is Slow, Sluggish, or Hard to Turn (Tractor in Motion)
Loss of Manual Steering or Steering is Poor with Tractor Moving
Isolating Problem at Brake Valve or Brake Piston
Operation of One Brake is Firm (Normal) and the Other is Spongy
Loss of Power Brakes (Steering is Normal)
Turning Brake Will Not Function or Braking is Poor
One Brake Applied But Both Brakes Engage
Brake Pedal Kick
Brake Facing Deteriorated
Opposite Brake Engages
Loss of Manual Brakes
Brake Pedal Settles During Manual Mode
Manual Brake Operational Checks

Front Wheels Wander or Drift

 1   Visual Check

Action:

NOTE:
Full left to full right turn is normally 3.6 or 4.1 turns of the steering
wheel with the engine running. 3.6 turns for a MFWD front axle with
one steering arm stop and 4.1 turns for a conventional front axle
without steering arm stops.

1. Check for loose or worn tie rod ends.

2. Check for loose or worn connection between steering wheel, column and
steering valve assembly.
 1. Start engine and turn front wheels full left and full right four times.
2. Stop engine and check free travel of steering wheel from left to right of
neutral.

Free travel is excessive if total movement is more than 110 mm (4.3 in.)

Record of Actual Results:

Result:
OK:
GO TO 2 .
NOT OK:
Repair as necessary.
GO TO 2 .

 2   Record Number Of Steering Wheel Turns

Action:
1. Set engine at 2000 rpm. Turn steering wheel from full left to full right at a rate
of 5 seconds. Record number of steering wheel turns.
2. Repeat full left to full right turn at a rate of one turn in 1 second.

Record number of steering wheel turns.

The number of steering wheel turns should be the same at slow and fast operation.

Record of Actual Results:

Result:
OK:
GO TO 3 .
NOT OK:
Check tension of piston to steering cylinder rod (both cylinders).

 3   Check For Steering Cylinder Leakage

Action:
1. Check for steering cylinder packing leakage.
A. Turn steering wheel full left turn with engine at a slow idle.
B. Shut engine off. Disconnect hoses from rod end of the extended cylinder and piston
end of the retracted cylinder. Cap both previously disconnected hoses.
C. Start engine and put at slow idle. Turn steering wheel in the same direction as the
front wheels . Check cylinder ports for oil flow. Shut engine off.
D. Reconnect hoses to cylinders. Turn front wheels full right. Repeat B and C of this
step disconnecting and capping opposite hoses.
There is excessive leakage if oil flows from either port of either cylinder.

Record of Actual Results:

Result:
OK:
GO TO 4 .
NOT OK:
Repair or replace leaking cylinder as necessary.

 4   Leakage Check

Action:
1. Reconnect steering cylinders.
2. Set engine at slow idle. Continue turning steering wheel after full turn with 12
N˙m (9 lb-ft) torque.
3. Repeat check in opposite direction.
There is excessive leakage if the steering wheel can be turned more than 3 turns in
one minute with the oil at 60°C.

Record of Actual Results:

Result:
OK:
 GO TO 5 .
NOT OK:
One or both steering relief valves or anti-cavitation valves are stuck open or leaking.
Steering valve or gerotor is worn or has excessive leakage.
Replace steering unit and bleed air from circuits.

 5   Check Free Travel

Action:
1. Set engine at slow idle. Turn steering wheel left and right of neutral to check
amount of free travel before front wheels begin to turn.
The free travel should not be less than 21 mm (0.8 in.)

Record of Actual Results:

Result:
OK:
Steering is Normal.
NOT OK:
Steering is too sensitive. Replace the steering unit and bleed air from the circuits.

Steering Capacity Low or Stalls Under Load

 1   Check Steering Pressure

Action:
1. Check steering pressure at DR on the left side of priority valve housing.
Pressure should be 19000—20800 kPa (190—208 bar) (2750—3025 psi) with steering
at full turn.

Record of Actual Results:

Result:
OK:
 GO TO 3 .
NOT OK:
GO TO 2 .

 2   Repeat Pressure Check

Action:
1. Disconnect and cap off pressure to brake valve.
2. Repeat pressure check at DR on priority valve (see step 1 above).
3. Pressure should be 19000—20800 kPa (190—208 bar) (2825—3025 psi) with
steering at full turn.

Record of Actual Results:

Result:
OK:
Repair leak is in brake valve.
NOT OK:
GO TO 3 .

 3   Check Grease and Front End Ballasting

Action:
1. Grease front axle joints and recheck steering operation.
2. Check for adequate oil flow from steering valve to steering cylinders. Hoses or
fittings may be restricted.
3. Check amount of front end ballasting.

Record of Actual Results:

Result:
OK:
GO TO 4 .
 NOT OK:
Make repair and recheck steering operation.

 4   Brake Load Sense Check Valve Check

Action:
1. Disconnect brake load sense line at brake valve.
2. The brake load sense check valve is leaking if oil flows from oil line with engine
idling.

Record of Actual Results:

Result:
OK:
No leakage.
GO TO 5 .
NOT OK:
Repair and check steering operation.

 5   Repeat Pressure Check

Action:
1. Disconnect primary pump oil line after the Tee (lower rear of transmission) to
emergency steering valve pilot port.
2. Install a jumper hose in place of the Tee for flow to the steering valve.
3. Repeat pressure check at DR on priority valve as in step 1 above.
4. Pressure should be 19000—20800 kPa (190—208 bar) (2750—3025 psi) with
steering at full turn.

Record of Actual Results:

Result:
OK:
 Leak is at emergency steering valve in transmission. Make repair and check steering
operation.
NOT OK:
GO TO Hydraulic Diagnosis (Section 270, Group 10 beginning at step 48).

Intermittent Drag While Turning Steering Wheel

 1   Steering Wheel Check

Action:
1. Stop engine. Turn steering wheel (slightly) until resistance is felt.
2. Release the steering wheel and observe the left and right motion.
3. The steering wheel should spring in the opposite direction to neutral.
4. Repeat the check at four points, 90° apart.

Record of Actual Results:

Result:
OK:
GO TO 3 .
NOT OK:
GO TO 2 .

 2   Steering Wheel Check

Action:
1. Loosen screws holding the steering column and steering control support.
2. Stop engine. Turn steering wheel (slightly) until resistance is felt.
3. Release the steering wheel and observe the left and right motion.
4. The steering wheel should spring in the opposite direction past neutral
(slightly) and spring back to neutral. Is steering drag reduced?

Record of Actual Results:

 Result:
OK:
Repair or replace steering column parts.
NOT OK:
There is debris in the steering valve or Gerotor. Disassemble the valve for inspection,
cleaning and repair.

 3   Steering Wheel Check With Engine Running

Action:
1. Set engine at a slow idle. Turn steering wheel left or right a slight amount and
release.
2. The steering wheel should return to neutral and the engine load should be
released.
3. Repeat this check at four points, 90° apart.

Record of Actual Results:

Result:
OK:
Problem may be temperature related. Lubricate steering shaft at bearing locations and
flex joints.
NOT OK:
Repeat Step 2 with the engine running.
GO TO 2 .

Loss of Power Steering and Brakes

 1   Possible Causes

Action:
A. Clean Oil Reservoir and transmission pressure lamps are ON with engine running.
1. Check for restricted sump screen in the differential housing.
2. Check for a broken drive shaft for the charge and primary pumps.
 B. Clean Oil Reservoir and transmission pressure lamps are OFF with engine running.
The steering relief valve is stuck open.
The priority valve is stuck open.
Debris in the system has caused:
The manual brake check valve to stick.
A restriction of the 0.025 in. orifice in the priority valve housing.
A restriction of the 0.031 in. orifice in the steering valve housing.

Record of Actual Results:

Result:
OK:
Go to Section 270, Group 10.
Perform steps 48 through 56 to confirm these possible causes.

Loss of Power Steering (Brakes are Normal)

 1   Possible Causes

Action:
1. The neutral leaf springs in the steering valve are broken.
2. The hose from steering valve to either steering cylinder is restricted.
3. Either hose between steering cylinders is restricted.
4. The 0.031 in. orifice in the steering valve housing is restricted.
5. The pressure, load sense, or return passage in steering valve is restricted.

Record of Actual Results:

Result:
OK:
Go to Section 270, Group 10.
 Perform steps 48 through 56 to confirm these possible causes.

Steering is Slow, Sluggish or Hard to Turn (Tractor in Motion)

 1   Steering Pressure Check

Action:
1. Set engine at 2000 rpm and all control valves at neutral. Check steering
pressure from the DR on left side of the priority valve housing.
2. Check pressure at neutral, full turn, and again at neutral.
Pressure should be 2500—3000 kPa (25—30 bar) (360—510 psi) at neutral,
and 19000—20800 kPa (190—208 bar) (2750—3025 psi) at full turn.

Record of Actual Results:

Result:
OK:
GO TO 2 .
NOT OK:
GO TO Hydraulic Diagnosis (Section 270, Group 10 step 48).

 2   Check Front Wheel Reaction

Action:
1. Set engine at 2000 rpm. Start with the steering wheel at neutral.
2. Turn steering wheel (QUICKLY) right or left. Front wheels should follow the
operation of the steering wheel.
It is abnormal for the front wheels to stall, then catch up with the steering
wheel.

Record of Actual Results:

Result:
 OK:
GO TO 4 .
NOT OK:
GO TO 3 .

 3   Causes For Steering To Stall

Action:
Causes for steering to stall:
A. Orifice (0.25 in.) in priority valve housing is restricted.
B. Orifice (0.31 in.) in steering valve housing is restricted.
C. Priority valve sticking. Spring is weak or broken.
D. Hose from steering valve to either cylinder is restricted.
E. Either hose between steering cylinders is restricted.

Record of Actual Results:

Result:
NOT OK:
Make inspection. Clean parts and repair as necessary.

 4   Check for Leaking Shuttle Check Valve

Action:
1. Depress one brake pedal applying firm pressure with foot.
2. Operate steering to check steering operation.
Does steering improve?

Record of Actual Results:

Result:
OK:
Steering operation improved. Repair or replace leaking shuttle check valve in brake load
sense port at bottom of priority valve housing.
 NOT OK:
GO TO Hydraulic Diagnosis (Section 270, Group 10).

Loss of Manual Steering or Steering is Poor with Tractor Moving

 1   Driving Checks

Action:
See Driving Checks (270-05) to verify manual steering.

Record of Actual Results:

Result:
OK:
Manual steering is normal or problem is intermittent. Repeat driving check to verify
problem.
NOT OK:
GO TO 2 .

 2   Stationary Manual Steering Check

Action:
Lift front end of tractor using a floor jack, enough to reduce tire to ground friction
approximately 50%.
Check manual steering operation.

Record of Actual Results:

Result:
OK:
Check front of tractor (2WD) for excessive front end weights. MFWD tractors,
GO TO 3 .
NOT OK:
2WD
 GO TO 6 .

NOT OK:
MFWD
GO TO 7 .

 3   Front Drive Line Check

Action:
Lift one front wheel off the ground using a floor jack. With the engine OFF, try rotating
the raised wheel and check the MFWD drive line for rotation.

Record of Actual Results:

Result:
OK:
Wheel does not rotate,
GO TO 5 .
NOT OK:
Wheel rotates,
GO TO 4 .

 4   Causes For Wheel Rotation

Action:
The MFWD clutch or input shaft in clutch housing has failed if the MFWD drive line
rotates.
The failure is in the left or right MFWD planetary or MFWD differential assembly if the
MFWD drive line does not rotate.

Record of Actual Results:

Result:
NOT OK:
 Disassemble for inspection, cleaning and repair.

 5   Causes For Hard Manual Steering

Action:
1. The ground drive pump, 5 bar check valve, is leaking or parts are missing.
2. Ground drive pump suction screen or passage is restricted.
3. Ground drive pump reverse check valve is leaking or parts are missing.
4. Ground drive pump 60 bar relief valve is leaking or parts are missing.
5. Ground drive pump outlet passage to the steering valve is restricted.
6. Emergency steering valve is stuck toward the spring end.
7. Ground drive pump has excessive leakage.

Record of Actual Results:

Result:
NOT OK:
Disassemble for inspection, cleaning and repair.

 6   Steering Inlet Valve Leak Check

Action:
1. Disconnect inlet pressure line at steering valve.
2. Turn steering wheel to full turn with engine OFF.

The inlet check valve is leaking if oil flows from inlet port while turning steering wheel.

Record of Actual Results:

Result:
OK:
GO TO 7 .
NOT OK:
Replace inlet check valve.
  7   Steering System Leakage Check at 60°C

Action:

NOTE:
Front wheels must be lowered to the ground and engine idling.

1. Check the number of steering wheel turns from full left to full right.
2. Check number of steering wheel turns in one minute after front wheels are at
full turn.

Normal:
A. Full left to full right is 3.8 turns (MFWD with one steering arm stop) or 4.1 turns
(conventional front with no steering stops).
B. Less than 3 turns per minute a full turn with 12 N˙m (9 lb-ft) torque.

Record of Actual Results:

Result:
NOT OK:
See symptom for " Front Wheels Wander or Drift " .

Isolating Problem at Brake Valve or Brake Piston

 1   Isolating Problem

Action:
When a braking complaint is with one side only, switch the hoses at the brake valve
outlet for left and right brake pistons. Carefully drive the tractor and operate the
brakes.
• Isolate problem in the brake valve and repair if the problem remains at the same
brake pedal.
• Isolate problem at the brake piston and repair if the problem goes to the opposite
brake pedal.

Record of Actual Results:

 Result:
NOT OK:
Inspect and repair.

Operation of One Brake is Firm (Normal) and the Other is Spongy

 1   Possible Cause For Operation of One Brake is Firm (Normal) and the Other is
Spongy

Action:
• See "Isolating Problem at Brake Valve or Brake Piston" above.
• Relief check ball incorrectly assembled or missing.
• Pin in makeup check valve assembly missing or incorrectly assembled.

Record of Actual Results:

Result:
NOT OK:
Inspect and repair.

Loss of Power Brakes (Steering is Normal)

 1   Possible Causes for Loss of Power Brakes (Steering is Normal)

Action:
• Pressure line into brake valve is restricted.
• Brake valve inlet check valve is restricted.
• Load sense line between brake valve and priority valve is restricted.
• Manual brake valve is stuck closed.
• A pressure or load sense passage in brake valve is restricted.
• 0.031 in. orifice under screen in steering valve is missing or oversized.
• 0.031 in. orifice in steering spool is oversized.
 • Internal leakage in brake valve (incorrect assembly, missing or damaged seals).

Record of Actual Results:

Result:
NOT OK:
Inspect and repair.

Turning Brake Will Not Function or Braking is Poor

 1   Possible Causes For Turning Brake Will Not Function or Braking is Poor

Action:
• Brake valve piston stuck down on opposite brake.
• Internal load sense check valve leakage.
• Brake valve piston packing failure.
• Water in oil (Flush system with oil and replenish).
• Bleed screws open or leaking.

Record of Actual Results:

Result:
NOT OK:
Inspect and repair.

One Brake Applied But Both Brakes Engage

 1   Possible Causes For One Brake Applied But Both Brakes Engage

Action:
• Brake valve piston stuck in down position on opposite brake.
• Internal load sense check valve leakage.

Record of Actual Results:

 Result:
NOT OK:
Inspect and repair.

Brake Pedal Kick

 1   Possible Causes For Brake Pedal Kick

Action:
• Air in system.
• Brake disk warpage.
• Brake valve piston orifice restricted.

Record of Actual Results:

Result:
NOT OK:
Inspect and repair.

Brake Facing Deteriorated

 1   Possible Causes For Brake Facing Deterioration

Action:
• Contaminated oil.
• Use of improper oil.

Record of Actual Results:

Result:
NOT OK:
 Inspect. Flush, replenish or change oil.

Opposite Brake Engages

 1   Possible Causes For Opposite Brake Engages

Action:
• Hoses have been switched at brake valve or under cab.

Record of Actual Results:

Result:
NOT OK:
Inspect and repair.

Loss of Manual Brakes

 1   Possible Causes For Loss of Manual Brakes

Action:

NOTE:
See manual brake operational checks below.

• Brake valve piston or piston packing.

• Inlet check valve failure.
• Air in brake system.
• Brake disk warpage.
• Bleed screw open or leaking.
• Warped brake disk.

Record of Actual Results:

Result:
 NOT OK:
Inspect and repair.

Brake Pedal Settles During Manual Mode

 1   Possible Causes For Brake Pedal Settles During Manual Mode

Action:
• Brake disk piston leakage.
• Brake valve piston or piston packing failure.
• Internal load sense check valve leakage.
• Inlet check valve leakage.
• Air in brake system.
• Bleed screw open or leaking.
• Warped brake disk.

Record of Actual Results:

Result:
NOT OK:
Inspect and repair.

Manual Brake Operational Checks

 1   Operational Checks

Action:
• Turn engine off for 10 seconds. Lock both brake pedals together and apply force to
brakes.
• Pedal travel should not exceed 125 mm (5 in.) during first application.
• Apply pressure to a single pedal and release. Apply pressure again.
• Resistance to pedal travel should be observed during second application.
• There is excessive leakage if the pedal drift is greater than 33 mm (1.3 in.) in 10
seconds.
Record of Actual Results:

Result:
OK:
Repeat procedure for the other brake pedal.

RX33672,000072E-19-20040122
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