OSTEOSARCOMA

Topic Outline
Definition
Signs and Symptoms
Pathophysiology
Diagnosis Exams
Treatment and Management
Nursing Care
References

TODAY'S
DISCUSSION
OSTEOSARCOMA
It is the most common type of cancer that
begins in teenager's bones, usually in the
arms or legs.
A "SARCOMA" develops in connective
tissues such as bone, cartilage or muscle.
"OSTEO" refers to bones.
OSTEOSARCOMA
It most often affects long bones, such as
those in the arms and legs.
It usually occurs near the ends of your
bones (the metaphyses) and near your
knee where the fastest growth is taking
place.
FEMUR TIBIA HUMERUS
PELVIS SKULL JAW
 TYPES OF
OSTEOSARCOMA
The cancer will grow These uncommon The cancer will spread
slowly and remain tumors fall between quickly and
where it began high-grade and low- metastasize.
(localized) grade osteosarcomas.

LOW GRADE INTERMMEDIATE GRADE HIGH GRADE

SIGNS & SYMPTOMS
Bone pain or tenderness.
A mass or lump (tumor) that is warm and
might be felt through your skin.
Swelling and redness at the site of the
tumor.
Increased pain when lifting.
SIGNS & SYMPTOMS
Limping.
Limited movement.
Unexplained fever.
Broken bone.(sometimes this happens after
a simple movement.
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
DIAGNOSTIC EXAMS

BLOOD TESTS X-RAY CT-SCAN

DIAGNOSTIC EXAMS

MRI BIOPSY
TREATMENT &
MANAGEMENT
SURGERY
LIMB-SALVAGE SURGERY
It helps preserve the limb by removing the part of the
bone involved with the tumor and some of the tissues
that surrounds it.
TREATMENT &
MANAGEMENT
CHEMOTHERAPY
This is the use of drugs to kill cancer cells.
It is given before surgery to shrink the tumor and kill any cancer
cells floating around in the blood, and after surgery to catch any
cancer cells that might still be in the body.
NEOADJUVANT CHEMOTHERAPY
ADJUVANT CHEMOTHERAPHY
TREATMENT &
MANAGEMENT
CHEMOTHERAPY
Methotrexate
Doxorubicin
Cisplatin or carboplatin
Ifosfamide
Cyclophosphamide
Etoposide
Gemcitabine
TREATMENT &
MANAGEMENT
RADIATION THERAPY
This is particularly important in areas where surgery is not
possible.
EXTERNAL RADIATION THERAPY - uses a machine that points
radiation at the area of the body that is cancerous.
INTERNAL RADIATION THERAPY - where the substance is
inserted via needle or catheter.
TREATMENT &
MANAGEMENT
ROTATIONPLASTY
This procedure is used on tumors of the distal femur, which is
the area of the leg just above the knee.
The leg is partially amputated, the tumor is removed and then
the lower leg is rotated 180 degrees and reattached, using the
ankle as a new knee.
NURSING CARE
Provide quiet environment and calm
activities to prevent or lessen pain.
Provide comfort measure such as back rub,
change position and use of heat or cold
application.
Encourage diversional activities.
 NURSING CARE
Administer analgesics as indicated to maximal dose
as needed.
Encourage rest periods to prevent fatigue.
Teach handwashing techniques before providing care,
using protective gear such as a mask and gown when
appropriate, providing a private room, monitor for any
signs and symptoms of infections.
NURSING CARE
Encourage parents and child to avoid contact
play or sports, straining at defecation, and
forcefully blowing the nose.
Explain to the client about the disease process
and treatment programs. Encourage clients to
comply with the treatment program.
NURSING CARE
Teach handwashing techniques before
providing care, using protective gear such
as a mask and gown when appropriate,
providing a private room, monitor for any
signs and symptoms of infections.
 REFERENCES
Liddy Shriver Sarcoma Initiative. Osteosarcoma: An
Introduction. (http://sarcomahelp.org/osteosarcoma.html)
Accessed 2/19/2021.
American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons. Osteosarcoma.
(https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases--
conditions/osteosarcoma/) Accessed 2/19/2021.
National Cancer Institute. What is Cancer?
(https://www.cancer.gov/about-
cancer/understanding/what-is-cancer) Accessed 2/19/2021.
National Cancer Institute. General Information About
Osteosarcoma and Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma of Bone.
(http://www.cancer.gov/types/bone/patient/osteosarcoma-
treatment-pdq) Accessed 2/19/2021.
National Cancer Institute. Bone Cancer.
(http://www.cancer.gov/types/bone/bone-fact-sheet)
Accessed 2/19/2021.
American Cancer Society. What is Osteosarcoma?
(https://www.cancer.org/cancer/osteosarcoma/about/what-
is-osteosarcoma.html) Accessed 2/19/2021.
THANK
YOU!