Pipe flow - . Z Borinan Wig bulewl plows: A law\ mam {em ¥ ont: tn hah the Aletel flows 1 Layers. Thaw vi mo macro stopreaninsp 6) adjacent Flute Lay. Osngioun a 410% lrrougle apipe: At loo Re, loa vs Leminw bul as Re Imereatedftin a Beslan’ valu Of Re, “The flor becomu turbulert «Thi durbulorl flow 5 causeat by Srralt, gh froqumey velodly fluctuations Supeutmposeal On the oncarn veleeliy For P pe flows, unolw nowrnal corel tions, trans’ tion To furbulenee Octurs at Red 2300. Uni. 7 P must be kero, A BL, olewe Lops “Flee ti dre endran p a Marion of aqn Comeiobn @ lami onan flow witha us et 7 for Velo cube Le at emtrance. Due to mo-shp Bc, Nelo et well = Entree A Fay Dao wv Gt Mist ane ee length Velocdly profile - bottom walt one “Dus te conservation J, mart, we can gay ‘thett asthe speed close le the walt A TyfricKonlua? “ YW reclaseed the apeca! im dhe emnbral [region must Inoreare, ancl the PYesiume omer olee-reate T Ber mou 1, The any: velo. omagnituole at any crosseetion Bel u AS pre Ye Velo: pregslo Sapo m0 long chonges with Imereasiy oistineene, The flow is called fully olewelopscl Fer Laminar flow, entrance lemgty A) Wgivenly bh & o.o6Re. b lA must be equal to Lo. WhenFilly Develo peed Lamima» Po ME py = ah tm cont % OF %“Fully Develo ped Laminar Flow Ammuler differenteal cv [Grete Ae] 25 (vt ey dy ®) Enclviews Rev b) Siete wiew dow For a fully clevelopee shacby flow tte x. comp. Ofte moment ey: AR givenby , Fezo on Dividlry Aboves Cy. by Arche , we. get » on =O + déry = 1 d(vzvx) Ox Y dy Y “dr The LHe MNS 2h. ik cot ayes} g Each section, The RHS Vi at mest a fn.chy only clue to fully Alene lopect flow. Heme, a.) ony woy above 2y can he yaltel fer U wda M4 fer bet stelee to be equal toa content. 1 (rtm) — dp _ oy A(t) = 3 AG” = BE seme en) = o -2P Wrdyhe+ Toe Miche + trn-tRrcda2o ly fr dx. us to uniform preat Unkegral aboye ay, wogeds Worn = (BEY 40 nt anh b= yr (OP +4 Imy tor, ” Aca) aFor evabualy 6,4 cr, we know that uz0 at y=R and atr=o UB dinite. Thus C= 0+ ereh Previous 24. veoluuas te . « uz XD @) +6L 4 \8 @rrR o OF E OP) ne. oy Ot Et “et Be) Ee) & R- el] The shear strey 1 x= a = (2) The Vo lume a : Qe m/v dn =(% ardy a a) GRY) Rael oy Q= RR" HE (32) Uh « uly dente dios the prasure qractient OP 5 conta a 2 = (RPY = —AP/- Now, Q= KRY foap]> Tspa’ = xapyt 6 [4 a ee ae “The avep. velo. oma nituale -Q- = Rie y B-o= Bu a) ~Poiast Of mari onumn Velo ety * To firal that, wer set Aufy =O, areal solve for 7. eos (yr y Tansy dy 20 at yr. = = Liz —R* (dP). 2V At y=0. uU + Umaw a oF) =~ j-7x)- o we, Fev a futty clevelope trbulerd flows B= (\ B Enuay Comes olenattions 11, Prpodiow Consclur, Steady loo ‘torough the Pipey System, shower « The eregy equclun com he written a4 A-We Wiehe Wathe® 2 (; eae Flog *(cerm eva what, e= Uae ae Assumptions L) We: Shaft werls = 0 , Wotru22 7) Wsteay=® 3) Stescly 14) Sncommprressi ble flons. S). Srtural encigy amel Presurt are uniform at Da@®>+ Lmeluo true Atsumptions, tre enunsy equclen veeluen ls . Qz mM lur-u)e ms (% “g) oman We th ae G4 eh a Un aloexes 2 We have met asgumec! Uniform \elocibiy FH. Un orclen to elimninele tthe Vlecrralt oe will mbectuce a9. veld For this, we meee to olefime kimdlin emusy coe{e A), gael, trot oa - > evolk= of Y" evan =x oh U> Gab Sven of SP gan =n or = Sa CyPolA g mV eX wdhe correctun freer shed allows us to use tre average Velocity V oh the emrgy ey. to compute the kimebé enugy at across geeled « For laminar flow X= 2:0. Foy turtle let How x2 (LL )\* on™ : forme7, x2 & ) (24n)(342m) l Usrg a, cre . : ” sy omy ex = ania — vA = yn (a0) sok (BB) + migte-21) +98 ( a ) or dQ = (u~u . ae (42 ) +B 8 + gzuga, + aE aye Sok => eee enury - “ (rbse)- Qe p) Cage loc, emaagy vie HT LT; Heat Her: Hes : Di: in Mechontol ence Mecha cal erty nna ala cross-section puvumibomays Ichweum oe Toda emisgy, loud mars. S (Brad vga)-(2 +4 ga) = hee Avi: 2a —) no (& wai 21) “(a =) rAyr lnk =Z —~(®) G % & OF $ Loves vA Pipe flow: Total heact Lov, hep, i Acganolel adhe setrm ot onajor Leteh, hie elie to frictional ebfecls ii fulty oleveleped fle in constant aya jules, arcl aminoy Levee h Lm, Aeseabting from enteanca, fillings, area chemgus, ete Pajor Loca - “iajer heaot lose he canbe eualusticl fromine enugy balance ey (i) “Fora fubby olevelepecl flow though @ hori zontal, ceomitond area Pipe, h,20 and aiA = dT ich = APa he 3 £Lomi mer flow: “Fev Lemimar flow Sp = 128 AQ =~ Dep Linh) = 3a. 0 ee oe he= had . 4 Dc z Me) > leo) Ly > op z( Ss) (é) Bz Tarbulerst {low . Foy dey buctntt flow, we clomet have amalytical exprurden cher he Enprimental haul along waite Dimenviomal anabyet vi uiee!. Tn a fully olovelepcet star bulent flow, APs ap(bbye, V, Se) whew e: pipe Atughmun Apply ee analy ink, we obtain . zh (4 1 ££) e he e 2 moe F(R 408) Enapers mons show that he x 4/p _ fe = = Pi (2) Sm tons form Lit S repre Serle the ov he = ns <4 Poe Bh (Re %) Aetio athe huaet love th the Kinutee CMS Bea Umit rete & flo: Tre furckion F, (Rep), vk kmown as dhe frictionfackr, £ f = ACK %). Wf eh a Hef ae PS Shows figs G1 CBMishite 4e)1. From the cure, f, can he found at kmaorie Re owl ¢/1 aat hen Kemel lees com bes founot F vveition, foe ey for levntena lo, car be fonmet by aerrperiy = (6 oe he (Q)e¥E te Ths of 2 v er Lami mar flow fuse Re. only. Various madre ovatical cepritiont have been fithiel tthe data T% Avecct weeny Ap cal method for obtain £ fer terbelentt flows Cole brook, \ je 7 oly (se + 28 WF "(SF Rage Bie eee oy" 4 6.9 Be tes ‘¢( ae ee) Blasius correlation! F = O:316 1 Naticl for Bes to eons “Plimcr Asceer - Flos wi. pipes onary go toroush vertous fittings, bencls or abrupt ehenses rh Grea. Aolditional head loses ocerr,maimly duo gle separation Un seperate korus, ergy 6 dlised patel olue ty violent een Trewes Losers are ovine if the pipry system Mnetuctes long lengtine Constont ana - pipe The minoy pie pre by» hbo = KL vont, = leet coefficient Ky v obitinonimect apy for exch chucition OR, u him = FEE Ls Le ta an equivalent Lengt steal it pipea) Inlety Smite A Poorly Olerigmect Inlet to apipe can cause appre chabte head lars - eur u Inlet bas pharp cornu, Nyord condracla Flow fa } uw forme, rohan tre flo must accelerate locally-to pam trrergh the Accluccel flow area at vena conbacla- Losses my ore chanteat sult From the unconfined onirceng as the flow shrearn Cmasy A ray les conf. cecclents agars te fill the pipe- Wo improvernendty im aah For am ecet B posable however paolati tion G2 oliffusn con wrecluueN Zh, aret therefore Now cone oluably. Ps. Show fig? GA (Fewhite) 4e « 5) Kuclten erponaronl sualolen contraction. PS. Shove Gq 6:22 (EM white 4e) Both lose eff are bareet one. lowger WA, Wetorm Smalliv eves). Lose cuncel by aren change Cam he hecluuel by {nbeol oo Olifluer bf two sedkiows a, straight Pipe: The lose coeff (Kd oleita fev mer for diferent arvrea ratio d conical angle can be fourel In Literature ( ASHRAE flanclhook—Funclamentelr. ) Levees a alilfystw dlepens! or a mumbu of yeometiai amet lo Variables. Difhuner olata d presorleel ih Jeans ys pressure reouery coeff cP, ot ax the-ralio dh atic peasant ike te Inlet cynemte pr. p= Rp Aue Rs: Show fig 623, CFM. wthi Le 4e)gq PS: Reasl Yourself :Aoseee clue to bench A dl Losses Clue to pipe fittings - Proto: Wala 4 pumpeel Al O01 mn, rroug @ 5 nm Oka. gsmoodty pipe a lenge A> loom, tle 4 comstt tech Jeyeavait A cepts at s10%0 Fimet re pump Pr p,, Aequirel to matntans Teflon. | dole | hemp Soles: sh = 7 7 . oe 4 G a +p) - (Brook +p) At > hethlnn : hone hs 7 I Klos shoe es LEY Are Alms 16 2 W2hy Wo, Kes =h0, Here, Re Pump 9 Paz © guy), Ap=p-Paz Ramp W= My FO exit legs) analoy g0, 46 220, Za, Nows 29) becomir - ye = 24 Abs Don-gt= fhVay ov Range AP= 6a 4k) ; cs = Rom 7 4 Ree QD — 999 x226n00 = [TKI Ixy0o3 For dectbulent to 1 asmootapipe (e=0). usr Clelorenie. relation. er ta (B +28 i f= oer. 4 Pump= p5SBwt0e Nhe (guage) “Pemp, For amol Blowers vi Fluiol Systeon « Neg eehy HT emt itt not eneany cham he, faut, the Et low Of thaw anocly rams appliee! Spamp vi.‘ , E Yrs). Wow? “alle oZ Fae Qf +5 sutin| “The beach Sh pomp ee bycthe pump th (enugy/mass) unite, Md. Shpunp = WW ped — Jn many curs, Inlet ome outlet Pre clades arel seane clevilions are Came or negli oly oli{herend “Ah pmpe Arent =O) FF A pump Qetoals ensy Torte Aluicl va the form R again YR prewar. Ush4 ey U1), Cy along with mhz §0, we com say. Warp > OAPrmp u i wrench ii Rermp efficteny = Rpm 7 Power ng the ui Win Sx power input to The pup Proly. Crude oi, flows trough a Lovet Cv. on Qzhe S . Mbpel Seetlion ha Prpelime at Q = Hg mbp Ti Milton barrels pu lay (Vberel>42-90l). ae Tride pipe old = Ain; i roupms a fy Sorsig Ki equivalond te galvanized dren +See Maximum allowable Pt 1200 peg. The oninionumn pres nequirel to keep dlittolued gars ri solution w\ oil SDptig. Sr= HA emughoils 093. Met Wok > 3-500 lots. Eimol onecianton poreibte speay bjs par pry station . qt “pump Osh, dln minethe powts that onc? be supplied at each station. Solo, Cn a der ppedion from@ WO - CVs. xk bee pump (Oe ©). Apply the emagy ey. for Sleacly yimcomnprerss ble Pipecflors Ne.: B + isp.) -(yrai+e) zhi bit bon + Astumphions sy, ii = Ai, 2% PR, 30 AL,20 4, Comet viseosty. Now) APE Pe Plate sy or A= 2D ap. 5 ae Gig why Ht Jay ; t 7 3h } Vear io VoTds O: t fe = NT 0 Prom Lerten €=0.0005H |) Efy= Oopolr . Likry Colebredk relales we get § F007. wip Choose) lst y Hd y @rsyir) slog Dor Greil Arplysy T Law Of ter mochyramecs to Na Wpomp = BAP pump = toa 4 ako == Spee Win = rs = 24000 hp Onsye Sz. : ils appa) -([ Brainy) = har byt Asgemphens DANE BANE, 29 2% 22r, 9) AL,e0 4, Const uiscostly . Nowy 4P2PrPiege oh 2 or A= 2D ap £ From Literature €= 0.0005 3 Efy> Oomlr . Lier{ Cokbredk reales we get f 20-07. Le vin Choose) Let y O17 In Giae wf Arplyy T* Low AY thrrnockyramtes to No. Wpump = QAP pump = (oda ako = Wpump “oh XY Msoo AR if Win = Q)R60 == 24uoo hp Onsfeb. A fie potiction syclem i shown. The lomeexst PRP] ri the system 8 660¢4 ard % madech cast tren Royrolt. Pipe Comtnins one galt valve; megted othr - mimoy loses . Debermine Phe mare flow vate throug, ded pipe: Solu: Accumptions! prep 2 patm, 2) W20) og 210 Cou. ey } — (A) i Assum “the stonet pipe A of same alta. as tre horizeritelpipe- : L = (600+ 805+ OE Aa & ZeZa = b> Goff vin 2 owe Te solve 251A) see mere! to ilerite . Ferhat we netel te aralce aan timate for f by amur4 July turbulent flow mwe{ vi eomctt), Tru vale com by abt neal by soluiy Colebrovle correlati: For levge Valucol Re, (wto#) omal e/p 2 eras (2 20-00085 for cart bron omol oloubled ts allow fer old pipe ). we Eimol $2003, Thun firet value 4 Ve me a Mt Vat [ursze Sy vow» - Ss G8 1) Se oros(rovrd a! |ee a) Now, mew value oh 1 S213. Ber £¥b = Vo > 400 HY 2 2-Sy0F - ® $3 afar For eh => o.008, 4 = 0868 wet Lsrbnok wlation . No? ae [e 32M GOH |" 8-174% se 59400 (20404 B41 GIT tow alifers from 1-08 by lus tham 2/ . therefene accaplabl. Boz Mets gordes x/t\agte nugget y = 35) gpm 3, Soe E/E) a a eos a?fob. 2 coppr PPS lost long, with 1S in hol weak wxecl to delinenine entren lores. Pipe clischanges be atorosphue - Foy a Squsrt-colged enirance, a alischerge Dh OSE war meaguredl phendre researvour Lav Was BEI4t. Evaluate sre lose coeffi clont - Solus Assumptions: 4) PEP Pam 2) W270 ° Cov: ey. ap 7 7% ae > Se seth a qtr ae + hrs $4 es Kem Me O Rahs Br se Wy Ken ws 26 5 23 or Kem= 2ghy ~ eb mola We Nowy sO. by oosey x ue int a, : WO 2 Assumy Ts 70°F, y bos no 44%, : susie? For deasam dab pe S.ustHt 6g 1b = 0-00004 oma £2 0-013 Feat brook] ns tinct of, Arum el 1 ke before, We wi compete it as ken de penols Stari fleenstly on Ub. Us the veteclion dor a. as fu ‘e 2nd V / am)(axn) DEAVTTTS teal hu) B42 Avo, WE Stamecl Rew eg a ee BD @DGn4) Az OU Ken = 2% 3a Be acre YEE 0013s Jost x Bin _ yoy C4qn24t lin f+ ZT ousdProb. A copper rie lot long, with ISin iol war excel to delvomine emtrane lors. Pipe chischarges be alomosphix - For a Squsrt-eolged entrance, 4 olischerze Oh OSb6 5% was omeagurcel whendre re sarvors Ld was Boift. Eyaluate stro lose cocffi cont - Solu: Assumptions: J PP Pain? 2? Wrz Gov <. Bsa =. 2 a Bool a pethir - a hire $4 ws Kem Me Oo Be hs pW ge Wy Kemle 25 D> ly 23 or Ken= 2n ~ Gee Nowy Le Q@e uy ocesy 2 wth A x s Fer draon duty €= S.uSSHt , 50 €/5 = 0.60004 cmd £2 0:0135 [eoebrenk] rs tinel Ay aseumy fA Like efor, Wwe will compact. t a4 Ken deperols signi fieortly on Ub. UsKy the reteclton dor a: as luy? 2s =) Gan) (aun) Ato, m= V7 41-9 toy Reu) Ogg] We stumed Rew eg Viz 2m i aE 0.417 —— Uv Oe Qnst) A=b0U Ken 22> 32.2 Sy ecige y_s2 Soros Jost x Rin _ yoy : Coentgtt hon ft = ousdf 6 . dt The large heacl lors Wh a Square ealgee! entrane privranly olay Te Separation at tas Sherpin Pome cleo By dlgian Sata fr anum at the vers contradla , soto Let cor rr_omal ferrrslion oa Verne contracts. om “the cornur: The efhective Flava area excl How Veloutty i omnanimumd nuts feat, to filltre pipe: The “ expand ole for eclur tre axtent a mint The flow expands agar followry qfho vena con’ Unum tole! expension 4o omost Of the head Log . Roun eng cthe Inlet core of, sepa ration atari fice 6 Ton, Hebets fre Velo Imerea grade ancl commoquent ot elirminatis fe® Upuary the Vers contracts ye. fvoug h a the Vers Conv roundel init alm D.S: Flow ctreugln mmsttip peta systons-Bide. A ctrenlar eubuler bronze morale Hi atlached te atone, Due fotink Dore the flowrate i finret. To Inereese the disehorge a oli (fuser Ko etlachsel onthe outlet athe morrle- Nerale crutch cla > 25mm Delermine Mmerene nis tow rele whun a olifuses wt N/Ri= 3-0 arc AR=2-0 atlachee- Solar Ascumptions 1 1 Ga For norrle alere, Ber go apes Maal ghthe her = ken ye Tus, ger Keni a Cir ken)it Bolury & Vy amct uy Kew 0:04. = ~ [AYVr E 2 Vs 2s =| DASH HIS > aah O2WAet ro = S2anB (OBS > erc028) ils oD Bari For moze wie oli hun atlachect- Bs Uo onthe valk wg] Ker oe em We ~ Kalgg we 7 * yu or 20 = YEP 4 Chen tays) Frome continuity VA = G fay s0, Yar Wa = MoeElev.= Com Elewilinz2om YA | _ Pit.» Kent Kay i por fe aa of To oblain Key apply the enuagy ey Jrom@ Yo @ Bader 4 gat ae ak argon ays Soluvy usith x2 X4, a apes (bop 2) aa P Kaigg> t= Se Ee As) 9P =" aap vi a Perssure rbco very couleict | Whus Cp | | | 1 | | ent For Ces 04S (baseel ap N/p> 3-0 eit | " ad ee) ig > (tL us = O38 Kay ay agrees = 76 > Wos/2qze = O25 4 Ook 10D. N 4 Ba =WAs To85 Eloe ch roe TFG Flow rate increase from adolny (en “ AG = OO = BA-\ = orot? -1 = 033 0 23/ mm 2 © ©0026!: Elev.t 60 ; mn Elevilinz2om YA | Ly ®| | | solo" Dae Bievz O O) fo! %o £2) ® 0 = 260 » f: — \ pies = oom 0-010