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Chapter 05 - Social Interaction, Groups, and Social Structure
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Chapter 05
Social Interaction, Groups, and Social Structure
Multiple Choice Questions
1. Social interaction is
A. the process of learning norms, values, beliefs, and other requirements for effective
participation in social groups.
B. the way in which a society is organized into predictable relationships.
C. the ways in which people respond to one another.
D. a series of relationships linking a person directly to others and therefore indirectly to still
more people.
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom's: Understand
Learning Objective: Define the terms social interaction, social structure, and social reality, and describe how they are related to one
another.
Topic: Social interaction
Type: Definition
5-1
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of
McGraw-Hill Education.
2. Which of the following terms refers to the way in which a society is organized into
predictable relationships?
A. socialization
B. social structure
C. social interaction
D. culture

Bloom's: Remember
Learning Objective: Explain ascribed status and achieved status, and describe how master status can constrain achieved status.
Topic: Social structure
Type: Definition
5-2
3. According to Herbert Blumer, a distinctive characteristic of human interaction is that

A. the reality of humans is shaped by our perceptions and evaluations.
B. humans respond to behavior based on the meaning we attach to the actions of others.
C. humans interpret or define each other's actions.
D. All these answers are correct.

Bloom's: Remember
another.
Type: Information
4. Which of the following is true regarding marriage in Japan?

A. Most husbands do not call their wife by name.
B. Husbands say "I love you" more often than other nationalities.
C. Most married Japanese couples do not actually love one another.
D. Marriage is considered more a relationship than a social status.

Bloom's: Remember
another.
Type: Application-Concept
5. One crucial aspect of the relationship between dominant and subordinate groups is the
ability of the dominant group to
A. define a society's values.
B. define social reality.
C. mold the "definition of the situation."

Bloom's: Understand
another.
Type: Information
5-3
6. William I. Thomas wrote from which perspective when observing that people respond not
only to the objective features of a person or situation but also to the meaning that person or
situation has for them?
A. functionalist perspective
B. conflict perspective
C. interactionist perspective
D. feminist perspective

Bloom's: Remember
another.
Type: Application-Perspectives
7. Which term is used by sociologists to refer to any of the full range of socially defined
positions within a large group or society?
A. status
B. culture
C. social structure
D. Gemeinschaft

Bloom's: Remember
Topic: Status
Type: Definition
8. Jan, Randy, and Terry are science majors, and when they graduate from college, they find
jobs as a nurse, a midwife, and a hospital administrator, respectively. These new positions are
examples of
A. statuses.
B. social roles.
C. groups.
D. social networks.

Bloom's: Understand
Topic: Status
5-4
9. Ray is an African American who is currently enrolled at a four-year university where he is

studying social work. Which of the following is his achieved status?
A. social worker
B. male
C. African American
D. college student

Bloom's: Understand
Topic: Status
10. An ascribed status is a social position

A. attained by a person largely through his or her own efforts.
B. "assigned" to a person by society without regard for the person's unique talents or
characteristics.
C. that is earned.
D. that is reached as a result of negotiation.

Bloom's: Understand
Topic: Status
Type: Definition
11. Ascribed statuses may be based on an individual's

A. race.
B. gender.
C. age.

Bloom's: Remember
Topic: Status
Type: Information
5-5
12. Which of the following statements about an ascribed status is correct?

A. It is easy to change when an individual becomes older.
B. It has the same social meaning in every society.
C. It is based on an individual's skills.
D. It is generally biological in origin, but significant mainly because of the social meanings
attached to it within a given culture.

Bloom's: Understand
Topic: Status
Type: Information
13. Which of the following is an achieved status?

A. race
B. gender
C. occupation
D. age

Bloom's: Understand
Topic: Status
14. Which sociological perspective is especially interested in ascribed statuses because they
often confer privileges or reflect a person's membership in a subordinate group?
D. global perspective

Bloom's: Understand
Topic: Status
5-6
15. An achieved status is a social position

A. attained by a person largely through his or her own efforts.
B. "assigned" to a person by society without regard for the person's unique talents or
characteristics.
C. that is assigned to an individual at birth.
D. that is given to an individual based upon his or her age, race, or gender.

Bloom's: Remember
Topic: Status
Type: Definition
16. An individual can acquire an achieved status by

A. attending school.
B. establishing a friendship.
C. inventing a new product.

Bloom's: Understand
Topic: Status
Type: Information
17. A master status is a

A. category used by sociologists for any of the full range of socially defined positions within a
large group or society.
B. social position attained by a person largely through his or her own efforts.
C. status that dominates others and thereby determines a person's general position within
society.
D. series of social relationships linking a person directly to others and therefore indirectly to
still more people.

Bloom's: Understand
Topic: Status
Type: Definition
5-7
18. When Malcolm X's eighth grade teacher dismissed Malcolm's desired career goal of
lawyer and instead suggested he become a carpenter, the teacher was viewing Malcolm's race
as a(n)
A. achieved status.
B. master status.
C. ascribed status.
D. assigned status.

Bloom's: Understand
Topic: Status
19. You walk into your women's studies class, and you look at the person sitting to your left.
He is the only male in the class; he is about 20 years old, wears a wedding ring, and carries a
bag with a tennis racquet. Which of his characteristics is most likely his master status in the
context of this class?
A. his age
B. his marital status
C. his gender
D. his interest in tennis

Bloom's: Understand
Topic: Status
20. Which term is used by sociologists to refer to a set of expectations for people who occupy
a given social position or status?
A. social role
B. structural role
C. achieved role
D. ascribed role

Bloom's: Remember
Learning Objective: Illustrate the social role expectations of role conflict, role strain, and role exit.
Topic: Status
Type: Definition
5-8
21. Which of the following statements about social roles is correct?

A. The roles that belong to a social status are always performed in the same manner.
B. Social roles are always performed in the same manner by those holding ascribed, but not
achieved, statuses.
C. Actual performance of a role varies from individual to individual.
D. Role expectations and actual role performances never vary.

Bloom's: Understand
Topic: Role conflict
Type: Information
22. Which sociological perspective emphasizes that social roles contribute to a society's
stability by enabling members to anticipate the behavior of others and to pattern their own
actions accordingly?

Bloom's: Remember
23. Which term is used to refer to incompatible expectations that arise when the same person
holds two or more social positions?
A. role strain
B. role conflict
C. role ambiguity
D. role exit

Bloom's: Remember
Type: Definition
5-9
24. Elaine is a clinical sociologist who practices marriage and family therapy. She is also a
college professor. One of her current students asks her if she can make an appointment for a
therapy session. Elaine tells the student that she will refer her to a colleague because she feels
that holding therapy sessions with a student might create
A. role strain.
B. role conflict.
C. role exit.
D. status displacement.

Bloom's: Understand
25. The difficulty that arises when the same social position imposes conflicting demands and
expectations is known as
A. role conflict.
B. role strain.
C. role exit.
D. resocialization.

Bloom's: Understand
26. Helen Rose Fuchs Ebaugh studied

A. role conflict among internal affairs officers in police departments.
B. role exit.
C. social networking among Black businesswomen.
D. sociocultural evolution.

Bloom's: Remember
Topic: Role exit
Type: Sociologists
5-10
27. Role exit is defined as

A. the process of disengagement from a role that is central to one's self-identity and the re-
establishment of an identity in a new role.
B. a difficulty that occurs when incompatible expectations arise from two or more social
positions held by the same person.
C. a difficulty that occurs when incompatible expectations arise within one social position
occupied by an individual.
D. a set of expectations of people who occupy a given social position.

Bloom's: Understand
Topic: Role exit
Type: Definition
28. In Ebaugh's four stages of the process of role exit, which of the following is a core
element of the first stage?
A. searching for alternatives
B. identity creation
C. doubt
D. action

Bloom's: Understand
Topic: Role exit
Type: Social Policy
29. A(n) ________ is any number of people with similar norms, values, and expectations who
regularly and consciously interact.
A. group
B. negotiation team
C. organic solidarity
D. aggregate

Bloom's: Remember
Learning Objective: Differentiate among the different types of groups, and explain how they influence thought and behavior.
Topic: Groups
Type: Definition
5-11
30. A primary group is a small group that is

A. characterized by impersonality, with little intimacy or mutual understanding.
B. characterized by intimate, face-to-face association and cooperation.
C. used as a standard for evaluating oneself and one's behavior.
D. characterized by impersonality and face-to-face associations.

Bloom's: Remember
Topic: Groups
Type: Definition
31. Which type of group plays a pivotal role in the socialization process and the development
of roles and statuses?
A. secondary groups
B. primary groups
C. aggregates
D. formal organizations

Bloom's: Understand
Topic: Groups
Type: Information
32. Which of the following is likely to be a primary group?

A. all of the players in the National Hockey League
B. the American Civil Liberties Union
C. the members of a neighborhood softball team

Bloom's: Understand
Topic: Groups
5-12
33. Which type of group is most important for socialization?

A. primary groups
B. coalitions
C. out groups
D. All of these groups are critical for socialization.

Bloom's: Understand
Topic: Groups
Type: Information
34. Which term is used to refer to a formal, impersonal group in which there is little social
intimacy or mutual understanding?
A. primary group
B. secondary group
C. tertiary group
D. reference group

Bloom's: Remember
Topic: Groups
Type: Definition
35. Which of the following is most likely to be a secondary group?

A. the members of a small weekly seminar class in cultural diversity
B. the members of a small commune in Idaho
C. the members of the United Nations General Assembly
D. the members of a family

Bloom's: Understand
Topic: Groups
5-13
36. The distinction between "in-groups" and "out-groups" was first made by
A. Erving Goffman.
B. Philip Zimbardo.
C. William Graham Sumner.
D. Charles Horton Cooley.

Bloom's: Remember
Topic: Groups
Type: Sociologists
37. Any group or category to which people feel they belong is called a(n)
A. dyad.
B. triad.
C. in-group.
D. out-group.

Bloom's: Remember
Topic: Groups
Type: Definition
38. A group to which people feel they do not belong is called a(n)
A. social network.
B. primary group.
C. reference group.
D. out-group.

Bloom's: Remember
Topic: Groups
Type: Definition
5-14
39. Proper behavior for the in-group is often viewed as unacceptable behavior for the out-
group. Sociologist Robert Merton describes this process as the conversion of "in-group
virtues" into
A. "in-group vices."
B. "out-group virtues."
C. "out-group vices."
D. goal displacement.

Bloom's: Remember
Topic: Groups
Type: Information
40. The destructive consequences of tensions between in-groups and out-groups would
probably be stressed by which sociological perspective?

Bloom's: Understand
Learning Objective: Analyze social institutions from a functionalist, conflict, and interactionist perspective.
Topic: Groups
Topic: Sociological perspectives
41. A woman who has not attended school in 13 years enrolls for classes at the local
community college. She is afraid that her younger classmates might not accept her. On the
first day of class, she observes the clothing styles of her classmates, and after school she goes
shopping and purchases similar clothes. Her classmates could be considered
A. a reference group.
B. an in-group.
C. a focus group.
D. both a reference group and an in-group.

Bloom's: Understand
Topic: Groups
5-15
42. Which sociological perspective would emphasize the role of reference groups in setting
and enforcing standards of conduct and belief?

Bloom's: Understand
Topic: Groups
43. Which term is used by sociologists when speaking of any group that individuals use as a
standard for evaluating themselves and their own behavior?
A. primary group
B. secondary group
C. tertiary group
D. reference group

Bloom's: Remember
Topic: Groups
Type: Definition
44. A college law enforcement major watches the behavior of television police detectives with
great admiration. These detectives could be considered
A. an out-group.
B. a focus group.
C. a triad.
D. a reference group.

Bloom's: Remember
Topic: Groups
5-16
45. A social network is

A. a social structure that derives its existence from the social interactions through which
people define and redefine its character.
B. an attempt to reach agreement with others concerning some objective.
C. a series of social relationships that link a person directly to others and therefore indirectly
to still more people.
D. the way in which a society is organized into predictable relationships.

Bloom's: Understand
Learning Objective: Define social networks and explain their functions.
Topic: Social networks
Type: Definition
46. Which of the following statements about social networks is true?

A. Even network connections that are weak may be useful.
B. Social networks consist exclusively of direct ties to others.
C. Networking in the workplace pays off more for women than for men.
D. About 25 percent of male executives find new jobs through social networks.

Bloom's: Understand
Type: Information
47. Studies have shown that which of the following is true in terms of the use of social
networks for job searching and career advancement?
A. Networking pays off more for white men.
B. Men are more likely to rely on classified advertisements.
C. Networking pays off more for women.
D. More female executives use networking than male executives.

Bloom's: Remember
Type: Information
5-17
48. Sociological research that maps sexual relationships among high school students is an
example of research on
A. ascribed statuses.
B. role exit.
C. social networks.
D. social institutions.

Bloom's: Understand
49. A group of businesswomen meet on a monthly basis to assist one another in advancing
their careers. They give each other job leads and advice, and they invite business leaders to
attend their sessions to provide further assistance. This group is an example of
A. role connection.
B. impression management.
C. status assistance.
D. social networking.

Bloom's: Understand
50. Which of the following terms is used to refer to organized patterns of beliefs and behavior
centered on basic social needs?
A. social networks
B. social institutions
C. functional prerequisites
D. communities

Bloom's: Remember
Type: Definition
5-18
51. Which of the following is an example of a social institution?

A. the U.S. government
B. a group of passengers on an inner-city bus
C. the members of a stamp-collecting society
D. a children's playgroup

Bloom's: Understand
52. Which sociological perspective suggests that a society or a relatively permanent group
must accomplish certain major tasks if it is to survive?

Bloom's: Understand
53. Functional prerequisites are

A. tasks that a society or relatively permanent group must accomplish if it is to survive.
B. organized patterns of beliefs and behavior centered on basic social needs.
C. social relationships that link a person directly to others and therefore indirectly to still more
people.
D. attempts to reach agreement with others concerning some objective.

Bloom's: Understand
Type: Definition
5-19
54. Which of the following functional prerequisites was NOT fulfilled by the religious sect
known as the Shakers?
A. replacing personnel
B. teaching new recruits
C. producing and distributing goods and services
D. preserving order

Bloom's: Remember
Type: Information
55. The patriotic behavior of U.S. citizens on January 20, 2009 in coming to witness the
Inauguration of President Barack Obama represents what kind of functionalist prerequisite?
A. teaching new recruits
B. preserving order
C. replacing personnel
D. providing and maintaining a sense of purpose

Bloom's: Understand
Type: Information
56. The conflict perspective holds that social institutions

A. maintain the privileges of the powerful individuals and groups within a society.
B. preserve order and equality.
C. train personnel equitably.
D. provide and maintain a sense of basic fairness.

Bloom's: Understand
Type: Information
5-20
57. Mitchell Duneier studied the social network and social behavior of whom, as a method of
researching the effects of social institutions on them?
A. street corner preachers
B. female word processors
C. warehouse workers
D. tollbooth operators

Bloom's: Remember
Type: Information
58. Mitchell Duneier's work regarding social networks operates from which sociological
perspective?

Bloom's: Remember
59. Special-purpose groups designed and structured in the interests of maximum efficiency
are known as
A. informal organizations.
B. formal organizations.
C. coalitions.
D. primary groups.

Bloom's: Remember
Learning Objective: Describe the characteristics and functions of formal organizations.
Topic: Bureaucracies
Type: Definition
5-21
60. Formal organizations may vary in

A. size.
B. degree of efficiency.
C. specificity of goals.

Bloom's: Remember
Type: Information
61. Which of the following is an example of a formal organization?

A. a community college basketball team
B. the people in a New York City subway car
C. the General Motors Corporation

Bloom's: Understand
62. Which one of the following is a typical ascribed status that influences people's self-images
within formal organizations?
A. gender
B. college education
C. job title

Bloom's: Remember
Type: Information
5-22
63. A bureaucracy is a(n)

A. two-member group.
B. small group in which there is little intimacy or mutual understanding and in which
relationships are impersonal.
C. organization established on the basis of common interest whose members volunteer or
even pay to participate.
D. component of formal organization that uses rules and hierarchical ranking to achieve
efficiency.

Bloom's: Understand
Learning Objective: Demonstrate how the characteristics of Weber's construct of an ideal bureaucracy are applied to organizations.
Type: Definition
64. Which sociologist emphasized the basic similarity of structure and process found in the
otherwise dissimilar enterprises of religion, government, education, and business?
A. Max Weber
B. Suzanne Staggenborg
C. David Sills
D. Norman Denzin

Bloom's: Remember
Type: Sociologists
65. A construct or model that serves as a measuring rod against which specific cases can be
evaluated is called a(n)
A. coalition.
B. ideal type.
C. metaphor.
D. questionnaire.

Bloom's: Remember
Type: Definition
5-23
66. By working at a specific task, people are more likely to become highly skilled and carry
out a job with maximum efficiency. This is the rationale for the bureaucratic characteristic of
A. employment based on technical qualifications.
B. hierarchy of authority.
C. division of labor.
D. written rules and regulations.

Bloom's: Remember
Type: Information
67. Which sociological perspective might observe the division of labor among the staff
members in a hospital emergency room and focus on how the allocation of responsibilities
affects their social behavior?

Bloom's: Understand
68. In The Communist Manifesto, Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels charged that the capitalist
system reduces workers to a mere "appendage of the machine," which leads to extreme
A. motion sickness.
B. alienation.
C. anomie.
D. goal displacement.

Bloom's: Remember
Type: Information
5-24
69. Which of the following does Marx and conflict theorists believe is weakened by
restricting workers to very small tasks?
A. job security
B. family values
C. economic positions
D. hierarchy of control

Bloom's: Remember
Type: Information
70. The tendency of workers in a bureaucracy to become so specialized that they develop
blind spots and fail to notice obvious problems is known as
A. goal displacement.
B. oligarchy.
C. manifest destiny.
D. trained incapacity.

Bloom's: Remember
Type: Definition
71. As explained in the text, the public attention given the failure of various government
intelligence-gathering organizations to detect the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001,
illustrates which poorly functioning aspect of government bureaucracy?
A. division of labor
B. hierarchy of authority
C. impersonality
D. employment based on technical qualifications

Bloom's: Remember
5-25
72. A college is run by a board of trustees, which hires a president, who in turn selects vice
presidents, deans, and other administrators. This is an example of the bureaucratic
characteristic of
A. written rules and regulations.
B. division of labor.
C. impersonality.
D. hierarchy of authority.

Bloom's: Understand
73. Goal displacement is

A. the tendency for workers in a bureaucracy to become so specialized that they develop blind
spots and fail to notice obvious problems.
B. a principal of organizational life according to which each individual within a hierarchy
tends to rise to his or her level of incompetence.
C. overzealous conformity to official regulations within a bureaucracy.
D. the process by which a group, organization, or social movement becomes increasingly
bureaucratic.

Bloom's: Understand
Type: Definition
74. A domestic abuse counselor fails to listen to an injured woman because the woman has no
valid proof of U.S. citizenship. This is an example of
B. goal multiplication.
C. trained incapacity.
D. hierarchy of authority.

Bloom's: Remember
5-26
75. Which of these comments about a bureaucracy is correct?

A. The division of labor has the positive consequence of producing efficiency in large-scale
organizations.
B. The hierarchy of authority has the negative consequence for the individual of depriving
employees of a voice in decision making.
C. An organization's written rules and regulations have the negative consequence of leading to
goal displacement.

Bloom's: Understand
Type: Information
76. Which of the following is an example of a negative consequence of bureaucratization?

A. the Peter principle
B. employees deprived of a voice in decision making
C. the stifling of initiative and imagination

Bloom's: Understand
77. The notion that every employee within a hierarchy tends to rise to his or her level of
incompetence is referred to as
B. the Peter principle.
C. trained incapacity.
D. bureaucracy.

Bloom's: Remember
Type: Information
5-27
78. Bureaucratization is
A. an element or process of society that may disrupt a social system or lead to a decrease in
stability.
B. organized patterns of beliefs and behavior centered on basic social needs.
C. the process by which a group, organization, or social movement becomes increasingly
bureaucratic.
D. the process through which an organization identifies an entirely new objective because its
traditional goals have been either realized or denied.

Bloom's: Remember
Type: Definition
79. The "iron law of oligarchy" is a principle

A. of organizational life according to which even democratic organizations will become
bureaucracies ruled by a few individuals.
B. under which organizations are established on the basis of common interests.
C. of organizational life according to which each individual in a hierarchy tends to rise to his
or her level of incompetence.
D. None of these answers is correct.

Bloom's: Understand
Type: Definition
5-28
80. Oligarchies emerge because

A. people in leadership roles have skills, knowledge, or charismatic appeal.
B. the most capable people always rise to the top of a bureaucracy, and they are respected by
their followers, who permit them to rule unhindered.
C. the rank and file of a movement or organization look to leaders for direction and thereby
reinforce the process of rule by a few.
D. people in leadership roles have skills, knowledge, or charismatic appeal; and the rank and
file of a movement or organization look to leaders for direction and thereby reinforce the
process of rule by a few.

Bloom's: Understand
Type: Information
81. Activists in a large city join forces to create a new organization with the goal of
preserving landmark buildings that have historical importance. At first, the organization
functions democratically, but over time it is taken over by three people. These leaders
establish a bureaucratic structure that helps them to maintain control of the organization.
These developments can be best explained by
A. Parkinson's law.
B. the Peter principle.
C. the iron law of oligarchy.
D. the scientific management approach.

Bloom's: Apply
5-29
82. According to the classical theory of formal organizations, workers are motivated almost
entirely by
A. economic rewards.
B. fear of their superiors.
C. norms of conformity to the group.
D. the need for job satisfaction.

Bloom's: Remember
Learning Objective: Explain the process of bureaucratization and its effects in organizations.
Type: Definition
83. Planning based on the human relations approach focuses on

A. the dangers of collective bargaining.
B. the role of people, communication, and participation among the company executives.
C. the conflict perspective's critique of capitalism.
D. workers' feelings, frustrations, and emotional needs for job satisfaction in bureaucracies.

Bloom's: Understand
Type: Information
84. The phrase "bureaucracy's other face," which refers to the unofficial activities and
interactions that are a basic part of daily organizational life, was coined by
A. Peter Blau.
B. James Tucker.
C. Alvin Gouldner.
D. Charles Page.

Bloom's: Remember
Type: Sociologists
5-30
85. In a society organized around mechanical solidarity, which of the following tasks would
you likely engage in?
A. preparing food
B. building homes
C. making clothing

Bloom's: Understand
Learning Objective: Describe Durkheim's, Tönnies's, and Lenski's approaches to classifying forms of social structure.
Type: Definition
86. Émile Durkheim suggested that as a society becomes more complex, the nature of
solidarity becomes more
A. mechanical.
B. organic.
C. preservationist.
D. institutionalized.

Bloom's: Remember
Type: Definition
87. Ferdinand Tönnies used the term ________ to refer to communities that are large,
impersonal, and often urban, with little consensus concerning values or commitment to the
group.
A. Gemeinschaft
B. Gesellschaft
C. mechanical solidarity
D. organic solidarity

Bloom's: Remember
Type: Definition
5-31
88. Ferdinand Tönnies would view hunting-and-gathering societies as examples of a

A. Gemeinschaft.
B. Gesellschaft.
C. Gesundheit.
D. Glockenspiel.

Bloom's: Understand
Type: Information
89. In a small town in the Midwest, all of the children attend the same school and most of the
community members attend the same church. Everyone in this community knows everyone
else, and they have shared numerous experiences with one another. This community would be
characterized by Ferdinand Tönnies with the term
A. Gesellschaft.
B. organic solidarity.
C. mechanical solidarity.
D. Gemeinschaft.

Bloom's: Understand
90. Today, Steve went into a grocery store where a stranger checked out his purchases and
another stranger bagged his groceries. Then he went to Wendy's and purchased a hamburger
from another stranger, and on his way home he stopped at an intersection, where an unknown
police officer raised her hand. These experiences are all characteristic of
A. Gesellschaft relationships.
B. organic solidarity.
C. mechanical solidarity.
D. Gemeinschaft relationships.

Bloom's: Understand
5-32
91. In Gerhard Lenski's view, societal organization is highly dependent on its level of
A. farming.
B. education.
C. technology.
D. banking.

Bloom's: Remember
Type: Information
92. An analysis of sociocultural evolution that distinguishes between preindustrial and

industrial societies was developed by
A. Ferdinand Tönnies.
B. Gerhard Lenski.
C. Jonathan Kozol.
D. William I. Thomas.

Bloom's: Remember
Type: Sociologists
93. Which of the following can be defined as the long-term trends in societies resulting from
the interplay of continuity, innovation, and selection?
A. postmodernism
B. negotiated order
C. industrialization
D. sociocultural evolution

Bloom's: Remember
Type: Definition
5-33
94. A preindustrial society in which people rely on whatever foods and fibers are readily
available in order to live is called a(n)
A. agrarian society.
B. hunting-and-gathering society.
C. horticultural society.
D. slash-and-burn farming society.

Bloom's: Remember
Type: Definition
95. The Yanomamö, a South American culture, live in a village and spend most of their time
searching for food and tending small gardens. Their primary tool is a stone ax, which they use
for cutting down trees to expand their gardens. The Yanomamö are an example of a(n)
A. agrarian society.
B. horticultural society.
C. hunting-and-gathering society.
D. postmodern society.

Bloom's: Understand
96. In the most technologically advanced form of preindustrial society, members are engaged
primarily in food production. They increase their crop yields through such innovations as the
plow. This type of society is called a(n)
A. hunting-and-gathering society.
B. agrarian society.
C. horticultural society.

Bloom's: Remember
Type: Definition
5-34
97. The industrial revolution, pushing societies from agrarian-based economies to those
dependent on mechanization, first appeared when?
A. 1910-1940
B. 1870-1905
C. 1835-1870
D. 1760-1850

Bloom's: Remember
Type: Information
98. A society that depends on mechanization to produce its goods and services is called a(n)
A. industrial society.
B. postindustrial society.
C. postmodern society.
D. preindustrial society.

Bloom's: Remember
Type: Definition
99. Which of the following was characteristic of the emergence of industrial societies?
A. Families and communities could not continue to function as self-sufficient units.
B. Individuals, villages, and regions began to exchange goods and services and become
interdependent.
C. Formal educational institutions developed.

Bloom's: Understand
Type: Information
5-35
100. A society whose economic system is engaged in the processing and control of
information is called a(n)
A. industrial society.
B. postmodern society.
C. postindustrial society.
D. agrarian society.

Bloom's: Remember
Type: Definition
101. A society that is primarily concerned with providing services rather than manufacturing
goods is a(n)
A. preindustrial society.
B. postindustrial society.
C. industrial society.

Bloom's: Remember
Type: Information
102. Daniel Bell views postindustrial societies as consensual, because he believes that
postindustrial societies are characterized by interest groups concerned with such national
issues as health, education, and the environment working for the common good. Bell's view
represents which sociological perspective?

Bloom's: Understand
5-36
103. Which functionalist theorist views the transition from industrial to postindustrial
societies as a positive development because he sees a general decline in organized working-
class groups and a rise in interest groups concerned with such national issues as health,
education, and the environment?
A. Everett Hughes
B. William I. Thomas
C. Daniel Bell
D. Karl Marx

Bloom's: Remember
Type: Sociologists
104. A technologically sophisticated society that is preoccupied with consumer goods and
media images is called a(n)
B. industrial society.

Bloom's: Remember
Type: Definition
105. In the U.S., we listen to music imported from Jamaica, eat sushi and other Japanese
foods, and watch movies produced in Italy. These are all features of a(n)
B. industrial society.

Bloom's: Remember
5-37
106. A person who learns best by seeing or making pictures is considered a

A. reader.
B. listener.
C. viewer.
D. toucher.

Bloom's: Remember
Learning Objective: Use the P.O.W.E.R. Framework to acquire skills for success in higher education.
Topic: P.O.W.E.R. Framework
Type: Information
107. A person who learns best by listening to people explain things is a

A. listener.
B. reader.
C. viewer.
D. toucher.

Bloom's: Remember
Type: Information
True / False Questions
108. In the U.S., the ascribed statuses of race and gender can function as master statuses that
have an important impact on one's potential to achieve a desired professional and social
status.
TRUE

Bloom's: Understand
Topic: Status
5-38
109. Reality is shaped by our definitions—but not our perceptions and evaluations.
FALSE

Bloom's: Understand
another.
110. Positive age-seniority language distinctions are uncommon in the United States.
TRUE

Bloom's: Remember
Topic: Status
111. The last stage of role exit is the departure or disengagement from a role that has been
central to one's identity.
FALSE

Bloom's: Remember
Topic: Role exit
112. Age is an achieved status.

FALSE

Bloom's: Understand
Topic: Status
5-39
113. Gender is an ascribed status.

TRUE

Bloom's: Understand
Topic: Status
114. The mass media are an example of a social institution.

TRUE

Bloom's: Understand
115. Émile Durkheim argued that mechanical solidarity is characteristic of the

interdependence of people in a complex society.
FALSE

Bloom's: Understand
116. The sociocultural evolutionary approach emphasizes a developmental perspective and

pictures different types of social structures coexisting within the same society.
FALSE

Bloom's: Understand
5-40
117. A postmodern society is a technologically sophisticated society that is preoccupied with

consumer goods and information on a mass scale.
TRUE

Bloom's: Understand
118. Friends and family are examples of social networks.

TRUE

Bloom's: Understand
119. Social networks influence the way in which people behave.

TRUE

Bloom's: Understand
120. Working cooperatively with students who have different learning styles from you will
both help you identify your learning style and teach you to use new strategies.
TRUE

Bloom's: Remember
5-41
121. People only have one type of general-purpose learning style.

FALSE

Bloom's: Remember
Essay Questions
122. Explain the difference between ascribed and achieved statuses, and give examples to
support your answer.
Answers will vary
Bloom's: Analyze
Topic: Status
123. Discuss how the three major sociological perspectives of functionalism, conflict theory,
and interactionism view the role of social institutions in society.
Answers will vary
Bloom's: Analyze
124. Describe sociologist Gerhard Lenski's stages of sociocultural evolution and explain how
his view differs from that of Émile Durkheim's mechanical and organic solidarity and
Ferdinand Tönnies's Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft.
Answers will vary
Bloom's: Analyze
5-42
125. Explain the ways in which a social network can either help or hinder a person.
Answers will vary
Bloom's: Apply
126. Describe some of the potential negative consequences of the process of

bureaucratization.
Answers will vary
Bloom's: Analyze
127. What is your preferred receptive learning style, and how do you make use of it?
Answers will vary
Bloom's: Understand
5-43

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Chapter 05 - Social Interaction, Groups, and Social Structure

Sociology and Your Life With POWER

Test Bank: https://testbankpack.com/p/test-bank-for-sociology-

Solution Manual: https://testbankpack.com/p/solution-manual-

Multiple Choice Questions

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3. According to Herbert Blumer, a distinctive characteristic of human interaction is that

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4. Which of the following is true regarding marriage in Japan?

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9. Ray is an African American who is currently enrolled at a four-year university where he is

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10. An ascribed status is a social position

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11. Ascribed statuses may be based on an individual's

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12. Which of the following statements about an ascribed status is correct?

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13. Which of the following is an achieved status?

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15. An achieved status is a social position

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16. An individual can acquire an achieved status by

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17. A master status is a

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21. Which of the following statements about social roles is correct?

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26. Helen Rose Fuchs Ebaugh studied

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27. Role exit is defined as

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30. A primary group is a small group that is

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32. Which of the following is likely to be a primary group?

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33. Which type of group is most important for socialization?

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35. Which of the following is most likely to be a secondary group?

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