Anti Theftdeviceformotorcycle

THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING RESEARCH
ANTI-THEFT DEVICE FOR MOTORCYCLE

Ismail M. Ibrahim, Manuel Rey C. Villanueva,
James Arlie Maasin, and Neil C. Capricho
ABSTRACT
The study aimed to create an anti-theft device for motorcycle.

Specifically, it sought to determine the device’s level of efficiency in
terms of functionality and operation. The features were as follows: (1)
device alerts the owner when the motorcycle is being taken through
lifting or pushing; (2) lets current flow through to handles; (3) sounds
the alarm and sends a text message to the owner; (4) consists of a
fingerprint sensor which turns the motorcycle’s engine on or off when
it detects the owner’s fingerprint; (5) turns the ultrasonic sensor and
speedometer on when the motorcycle’s engine is off; (6) the ultrasonic
sensor turns on the safety features once the motorcycle is lifted up; (7)
the speedometer turns on the safety features once the motorcycle is
pushed; and (8) the GSM enables and or disables the safety features of
the device. This study employed experimental method and descriptive
approach to generate the necessary data. The features of the device
exhibited very high efficiency as seen in its functionality test and
as evaluated by thirty purposively chosen experts from the field of
engineering.
Keywords: Anti-theft, motorcycle, fingerprint, ultrasonic, Philippines
UNIVERSITY OF THE IMMACULATE CONCEPTION PULSAR•69

INTRODUCTION
Motorcycles are often the target of thieves because motorcycles

have high value and can be disassembled and resold. Motorcycles are
easy prey for a professional thief. When taking into consideration,
the portability of motorcycles and the potential money made from
parting it out, it is no wonder motorcycles are at high risk of theft
(Delbridge, 2013). Thus, whether or not your motorbike is an “easy
target” depends on how you protect yourself against theft and the
area where you are.
Motorcycles are so easy to steal. For one thing, compared to cars,

motorcycles are lacking in anti-theft technology and thieves have a
much easier time cracking their locks. Many models also feature remote-
starting devices that let bike-jackers turn on the ignition without even
bothering with a lock (Esurance, 2010). According to the National
Insurance Crime Bureau (NICB), nearly 47,000 motorcycles were stolen
in 2011. And even though that is a 6 percent decline from the previous
year, it is still more than enough to make you think twice before you
leave your bike unattended.
Here in the Philippines, the public information office of the

Philippine National Police (PNP) has released a Highway Patrol Group
report detailing the number of motorcycles reported taken in the
country in the first trimester of the year 2014. According to the report,
there were 2,405 reports of stolen motorcycles from January to April
2014. During this period, the Region 3 (Central Luzon) registered the
most number of stolen motorcycles at 413.
In January, a total of 542 motorcycles were reported stolen in the

country. In February, a total of 701 motorcycles, March has a total of
636 motorcycles and in April, a total of 526 motorcycles were reported
stolen.
The public information office of the PNP recommended that

motorcycles should be parked in places where there is a security guard
70•PULSAR VOLUME 4 • MARCH 2015 UNIVERSITY OF THE IMMACULATE CONCEPTION

or somebody who can watch over it. However, some motorcycle owners
often forget to look after their motorcycles due to distraction.
All of this adds up to one serious theft issue, how to lessen or

prevent motorcycle theft from happening. The anti-theft device for
motorcycles deemed to help the motorist with their problems. Anti-theft
devices can stop the amateur thief and slow down the professional. The
longer it takes to steal the motorcycle, the more attention the thief
attracts, and the more likely the theft will look elsewhere (Auto Theft
Prevention Authority, 2012). Thus, the researchers of this study deemed
the immediate implementation of the anti-theft device for motorcycle
to prevent or to lessen the cases of stealing motorcycles.
The purpose of this study was to develop a security system that

would be installed on a motorcycle. It was used for security purposes
for the motorcycle. This study aimed to create an anti-theft device for
motorcycle that automatically sends a text message to the owner when
the motorcycle is being stolen; triggers to sound the alarm and produces
current to the handle of the motorcycle.
Conceptual Framework
INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT
Fingerprint Detection/ Current Flow

Classification of
Speed SMS
Fingerprint, Speed,
Displacement and Displacement Alarm
Figure 1. Conceptual framework

of anti-theft device for motorcycle

Figure 1 shows the Input-Process-Output framework of the anti-

theft device for motorcycle. The system has a fingerprint scanner to
verify the owner. The fingerprint scanner detects the digital image
of the fingerprint pattern of the owner that serves as a switch of the
motorcycle. When the fingerprint scanner does not recognize the
fingerprint the motorcycle’s engine does not turn on. On the other
hand, if the fingerprint scanner detects the owner’s fingerprint, the
sensors turns off and the motorcycle’s engine turns on. While the
motorcycle is turned off, the ultrasonic sensor and speedometer turns
on. The ultrasonic sensor determines if the motorcycle is being lifted
from the ground. If the ultrasonic sensor senses that the motorcycle
is being lifted above the ground, the security features turns on and
sends a text message to the owner. The speedometer determines if the
motor is being pushed. If the motorcycles’ wheels are moving, the safety
features turns on and sends a text message to the owner. Also, the
owner can turn off the engine or can individually disable the fingerprint
sensor, speedometer, ultrasonic sensor, and electricity on the handles
using the GSM.
The researchers deemed the motorists as beneficiaries of this

device through implementation of this study. The design project
provides security for motorcycles from thieves. The security features of
the motorcycle helps reduce the robbery casualties.
METHOD
The research design comprised two phase evaluation: experimental

development and descriptive methods. Experimental method is a
systematic work, drawing on existing knowledge gained from research,
and practical experience, which is directed to producing new materials,
products or devices, to installing new processes, systems, and services,
or to improving substantially those already produced or installed
(Frascati, 2011). The second phase was the descriptive research method.
A researcher made questionnaire employed to assess the device’s level
of efficiency in terms of functionality.

The development of the anti-theft device for motorcycle was

conducted at the University of the Immaculate Conception-Annex
Campus located at Bonifacio Street, Davao City. The university
was founded in 1905 by the Religious of the Virgin Mary (RVM). It
offers Architecture course and three engineering courses such as
Civil Engineering, Electronics and Communications Engineering, and
Computer Engineering.
The main components of the motorcycle were the fingerprint sensor,

the ultrasonic sensor, and the speedometer. These three components
trigger certain component/s if something happens to the motorcycle.
The fingerprint sensor turns on or turns off the motorbike’s engine.
The ultrasonic sensor determines if the motorcycle is lifted above the
ground and triggers the security features of the device. The last sensor
is the speedometer which triggers the security features of the device if
the wheels are moving while the motorcycle is off.
Purposive sampling technique was utilized in this study where

30 evaluators were chosen to evaluate the study for their awareness,
familiarity, and expertise with the course of this project. The evaluators
were 10 engineering faculty of the University of the Immaculate
Conception, five Land and Transportation Officers, five motorcyclists,
and 10 University of the Immaculate Conception students.
The researcher-made questionnaire was based on a Likert scale

with the following ratings; 5 being the highest or strongly agree, 4 for
agree, 3 for moderately agree, 2 for disagree and lastly 1 for highly
disagree. The scale was chosen to statistically represent the observation
of evaluators when the device is implemented in the real scenario.

Mean level was determined using the data in scale shown below
Mean Level Responses Description Interpretation
It means that the system

4.20-5.00 Strongly Agree Very High exhibit the feature being
asked all the time
3.40-4.19 Agree High exhibit the feature being
asked most of the time
2.60-3.39 Moderately Agree Moderately High sometimes exhibit the
feature being asked
1.80-2.59 Disagree Low rarely exhibit the feature
being asked
1.00-1.79 Strongly Agree Very Low never exhibit the feature
being asked
Technical Flowchart
Driver
Fingerprint circuit GSM module
scanner/module
Driver
Ultrasonic sensor PIC circuit Alarm/Buzzer
Speedometer Driver Inverter

circuit
Figure 2. Technical flowchart for anti-theft device motorcycle

Figure 2 shows the technical flowchart of an anti-theft device for

motorcycle. First for the fingerprint sensors, when fingerprint scanner
recognizes the owner’s digital pattern of the thumb, the fingerprint
sensor turns on or turn off the motorcycle. The owner has to put his/her
thumb on the sensor so that the sensor can confirm if he/she is really
the owner of the motorcycle. If he/she is not the owner, the control
circuit sends a text message to the owner saying that someone else is
trying to turn on his/her motorcycle, the alarm turns off and current
flows through the handles of the motorcycle but if it is the owner then
it turns on the motorbike and it is now safe to use the motorcycle.
The ultrasonic sensor senses if the motorcycle is lifted from the

ground then turns on the security features. The speedometer tracks
wheels movement which turns on the security features that the
motorcycle should not be moved.
For the security features of the device, Global System for Mobile
(GSM) module was used to send a text message to the owner and can
also turn off certain sensors. The buzzer turns on when the sensors
detect something. The inverter is a component that turns the DC voltage
to AC voltage. The input of the inverter is the DC battery then the
output of the inverter will be placed on the handles of the motorcycle.
The inverter turns on when the motorcycle is being stolen.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Figure 3. The fingerprint sensor of the anti-theft device

for motorcycle
Figure 3 shows the fingerprint sensor used in this project. The

fingerprint sensor is the one that turns on/off the motorcycle. If the
fingerprint is from the owner, the sensor turns on the motorcycle’s
engine.
Figure 4. The speedometer of the anti-theft device for motorcycle
Figure 4 shows the speedometer of the motorcycle. The

speedometer serves as the sensor that triggers the security feature once
the motorcycle is pushed or moved while in the off state.

Figure 5. The ultrasonic sensor of the anti-theft device

for motorcycle
Figure 5 shows the ultrasonic sensor. This sensor triggers the

security feature once the motorcycle is lifted.
Figure 6. The horn of the anti-theft device for motorcycle
Figure 6 shows the horn of the anti-theft device. The horn is one
of the security features in this project. It turns on when the motorcycle
is pushed or moved or if is lifted up making an audible sound around
the motorcycle.

Figure 7. The inverter of the anti-theft device for motorcycle
Figure 7 above shows the inverter of the anti-theft device. The

inverter is another security feature in this project. When the motorcycle
is pushed or moved or if is lifted up, the inverter will turn on and send
electric current to the handles of the motorcycle electrocuting anyone
who touches it.
Figure 8. The Global System for Mobile (GSM) module

of the anti-theft device for motorcycle
Figure 8 shows the GSM of the anti-theft device. It sends an SMS

to the owner when the motorcycle is pushed/moved or if is lifted up
saying that the security features have been triggered. The GSM can also
turn off the motorcycle and certain sensors of the anti-theft device.

Table 1. Level of efficiency of the system’s sensitivity and functionality

in terms of the fingerprint sensor
Statements Mean Descriptive Rating
1. It detects individual fingerprints. 4.83 Very High

2. It verifies the image of the fingerprint 4.73 Very High
within 3 seconds.
3. It recognizes the owner’s fingerprint. 4.80 Very High
4. It captures the image of the fingerprint 4.63 Very High
within 3 seconds.
5. It turns on the motorcycle once the 4.73 Very High
owner’s fingerprint is detected.
Overall Mean 4.73 Very High
Table 1 shows the data describing the level of efficiency of the

system’s sensitivity and functionality of the fingerprint sensor. The
sensor exhibits very high efficiency as regards its capabilities to detect
individual fingerprints; verify and capture the image of the fingerprint
within 3 seconds; recognize the owner’s fingerprint; and, facilitate
turning on of the motorcycle once the owner’s fingerprint is detected.


in terms of Peripheral Interface Controller (PIC)
1. It enables the security features of the 4.63 Very High

device when the motorcycle is being
lifted up as detected by the ultrasonic
sensor.
2. It enables the security features of the 4.63 Very High
device when the wheel moves while the
motorcycle’s engine is off.
3. It enables the GSM module to a text 4.66 Very High
message to the owner when the
motorcycle is being pushed.
4. It enables the GSM module to a text 4.80 Very High
message to the owner when the
motorcycle is being lifted.
Table 2 shows the data on the level of efficiency of the system’s

sensitivity and functionality of the PIC. It shows very high efficiency
in terms of operation. The PIC serves as the controller for enabling the
security features of the motorcycle and the GSM which provides SMS
to the owner once being lifted or pushed; thus, it facilitates maximum
performance of its stability and efficiency.


in terms of Inverter
1. It turns on when the motorcycle is being 4.73 Very High

pushed without the permission of the
owner.
2. It turns on when the motorcycle is lifted 4.70 Very High
above the ground.
3. It produces current flow through the 4.60 Very High
handles of the motorcycle.
Table 3 shows the data on the level of efficiency of the system’s

sensitivity and functionality as regards the inverter’s operation. It can be
seen from the table that the inverter demonstrates very high efficiency
as it turns on when the motorcycle is being pushed or lifted without the
permission of the owner and as it produces current flow to the handle
of the motorcycle, thereby, providing maximum security.

in terms of alarm
1. It turns on when the motorcycle is being 4.76 Very High

pushed without the permission of the
owner.
2. It turns on when the motorcycle is lifted 4.63 Very High
above the ground.
3. It is audible. 4.70 Very High

Table 4 shows the data specifying the level of efficiency of system’s

alarm functionality. The table shows that the alarm response exhibits
very high efficiency as it operates audible enough for people to hear
clearly once the motorcycle is being lifted or pushed.

in terms of Global System for Mobile (GSM)
1. Its module sends a text message when to 4.83 Very High

motorcycle is moved without permission
of the owner.
2. Its module sends a text message when to 4.63 Very High
motorcycle is lifted above the ground.
3. Its module disables the ultrasonic once 4.70 Very High
the owner permits it.
4. Its module disables the speedometer 4.73 Very High
sensor once the owner permits it.
5. Its module disables the inverter sensor 4.77 Very High
once the owner permits it.
Table 5 shows the data on the level of efficiency of the GSM. From
the table, it can be seen that the GSM exhibits very high efficiency
of its operation as it sends a text message when the motorcycle has
moved without the permission of the owner; sends a text message when
the motorcycle is lifted above the ground; thus, it only disables the
ultrasonic, speedometer, and inverter once the owner permits it.

Functionality Test Procedure
Fingerprint
Test data for the time duration of the system’s capability of

fingerprint detection.
Number of Trials Reading (s)
1 2.55
2 2.62
3 2.54
4 2.54
5 2.52
6 2.60
7 2.50
8 2.55
9 2.63
10 2.53
11 2.55
12 2.53
13 2.61
14 2.54
15 2.56
Mean 2.56
Standard Deviation 0.04
Test Value 2.57
t-value -1.20
p-value 0.25
Decision No significant difference since p-value>0.05
Interpretation The system’s capability of fingerprint detection
exhibits no significant difference out of fifteen
trials. This implies consistency of time duration
the sensor takes to operate.

Ultrasonic sensor

detecting change in position (lifting).
1 4.31
2 4.29
3 4.29
4 4.30
5 4.30
6 4.30
7 4.28
8 4.31
9 4.32
10 4.30
11 4.31
12 4.29
13 4.28
14 4.30
15 4.31
Mean 4.30
Test Value 4.30
t-value -0.22
p-value 0.83
Interpretation The system’s capability of the motorcycle being
lifted exhibits no significant difference out of fifteen
trials; thus, it implies consistency of time duration
when the ultrasonic sensor takes to operate.

Speedometer

detecting change in position (pushing).
1 6.10
2 6.00
3 6.00
4 6.11
5 6.13
6 6.09
7 6.05
8 6.02
9 6.13
10 6.01
11 6.08
12 6.01
13 6.13
14 6.15
15 6.10
Mean 6.07
Test Value 6.08
t-value -0.43
p-value 0.67
Interpretation The system’s capability of the motorcycle being
pushed exhibits no significant difference out of
fifteen trials; thus, implies consistency of time
duration when the sensor takes to operate.

Inverter / Alarm
Test data for the time duration of the system’s capability of enabling
the inverter and alarm.
1 5.10
2 5.10
3 5.11
4 5.10
5 5.12
6 5.11
7 5.12
8 5.11
9 5.09
10 5.11
11 5.12
12 5.11
13 5.10
14 5.09
15 5.08
Mean 5.10
Test Value 5.10
t-value 1.52
p-value 0.15
Interpretation The system’s capability of enabling the inverter
and alarm exhibits no significant difference out
of fifteen trials; thus, implies consistency of time
duration the sensor takes to enable the inverter
and alarm.

GSM

receiving SMS through GSM when motorcycle is pushed.
Number of Trials Reading
1 4.20
2 4.20
3 4.21
4 4.20
5 4.20
6 4.22
7 4.25
8 4.22
9 4.21
10 4.20
11 4.19
12 4.19
13 4.21
14 4.21
15 4.20
Mean 4.20
Test Value 4.23
t-value -5.91
p-value 0.00
Decision Significantly different since p-value<0.05
Interpretation The system’s capability of receiving SMS through
GSM when motorcycle is pushed exhibits
significant difference out of fifteen trials; thus,
implies GSM functions efficiently than the usual
data readings.


receiving SMS through GSM when motorcycle is lifted.
Number of Trials Reading
1 4.10
2 4.12
3 4.11
4 4.11
5 4.10
6 4.10
7 4.11
8 4.12
9 4.12
10 4.11
11 4.10
12 4.12
13 4.11
14 4.11
15 4.12
Mean 4.11
Test Value 4.11
t-value 0.32
p-value 0.75
Interpretation The system’s capability of receiving SMS
through GSM when motorcycle is lifted exhibits
no significant difference out of fifteen trials;
thus, it implies GSM’s consistency in terms of
functionality.

REFERENCES
Auto Theft Prevention Authority. (2012). Anti-Theft

Devices. Retrieved from http://www.watchyourcar.org/
protectyourvehicle/antitheftdevices.aspx. Date retrieved: July
7, 2014
Delbridge. (2013). Motorcycle Theft and Insurance. Retrieved

from http://carinsurance.about.com/od/CarInsuranceClaims
/a/Motorcycle-Theft-And-Insurance.htm. Date retrieved: July
7, 2014
Esurance. (2010). Motorcycle theft. Retrieved from http://www.

esurance.com/motorcycle-insurance/motorcycle-theft. Date
retrieved: July 7, 2014

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THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING RESEARCH

ANTI-THEFT DEVICE FOR MOTORCYCLE

The study aimed to create an anti-theft device for motorcycle.

Keywords: Anti-theft, motorcycle, fingerprint, ultrasonic, Philippines

UNIVERSITY OF THE IMMACULATE CONCEPTION PULSAR•69

Motorcycles are often the target of thieves because motorcycles

Motorcycles are so easy to steal. For one thing, compared to cars,

Here in the Philippines, the public information office of the

In January, a total of 542 motorcycles were reported stolen in the

The public information office of the PNP recommended that

70•PULSAR VOLUME 4 • MARCH 2015 UNIVERSITY OF THE IMMACULATE CONCEPTION

All of this adds up to one serious theft issue, how to lessen or

The purpose of this study was to develop a security system that

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

Fingerprint Detection/ Current Flow

Figure 1. Conceptual framework

UNIVERSITY OF THE IMMACULATE CONCEPTION PULSAR•71

Figure 1 shows the Input-Process-Output framework of the anti-

The researchers deemed the motorists as beneficiaries of this

The research design comprised two phase evaluation: experimental

72•PULSAR VOLUME 4 • MARCH 2015 UNIVERSITY OF THE IMMACULATE CONCEPTION

The development of the anti-theft device for motorcycle was

The main components of the motorcycle were the fingerprint sensor,

Purposive sampling technique was utilized in this study where

The researcher-made questionnaire was based on a Likert scale

UNIVERSITY OF THE IMMACULATE CONCEPTION PULSAR•73

Mean Level Responses Description Interpretation

It means that the system

Speedometer Driver Inverter

Figure 2. Technical flowchart for anti-theft device motorcycle

74•PULSAR VOLUME 4 • MARCH 2015 UNIVERSITY OF THE IMMACULATE CONCEPTION

Figure 2 shows the technical flowchart of an anti-theft device for

The ultrasonic sensor senses if the motorcycle is lifted from the

UNIVERSITY OF THE IMMACULATE CONCEPTION PULSAR•75

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Figure 3. The fingerprint sensor of the anti-theft device

Figure 3 shows the fingerprint sensor used in this project. The

Figure 4. The speedometer of the anti-theft device for motorcycle

Figure 4 shows the speedometer of the motorcycle. The

76•PULSAR VOLUME 4 • MARCH 2015 UNIVERSITY OF THE IMMACULATE CONCEPTION

Figure 5. The ultrasonic sensor of the anti-theft device

Figure 5 shows the ultrasonic sensor. This sensor triggers the

Figure 6. The horn of the anti-theft device for motorcycle

UNIVERSITY OF THE IMMACULATE CONCEPTION PULSAR•77

Figure 7. The inverter of the anti-theft device for motorcycle

Figure 7 above shows the inverter of the anti-theft device. The

Figure 8. The Global System for Mobile (GSM) module

Figure 8 shows the GSM of the anti-theft device. It sends an SMS

78•PULSAR VOLUME 4 • MARCH 2015 UNIVERSITY OF THE IMMACULATE CONCEPTION

Table 1. Level of efficiency of the system’s sensitivity and functionality

Statements Mean Descriptive Rating

1. It detects individual fingerprints. 4.83 Very High

Overall Mean 4.73 Very High

Table 1 shows the data describing the level of efficiency of the

UNIVERSITY OF THE IMMACULATE CONCEPTION PULSAR•79

Table 2. Level of efficiency of the system’s sensitivity and functionality

Statements Mean Descriptive Rating

1. It enables the security features of the 4.63 Very High

Overall Mean 4.80 Very High

Table 2 shows the data on the level of efficiency of the system’s

80•PULSAR VOLUME 4 • MARCH 2015 UNIVERSITY OF THE IMMACULATE CONCEPTION

Table 3. Level of efficiency of the system’s sensitivity and functionality

Statements Mean Descriptive Rating

1. It turns on when the motorcycle is being 4.73 Very High