focusing on in-depth knowledge and best practice for :

SOLAR PV
Computation & Design

By: Engr. Melkee Ocray

Founder of MAYA Tech. | KEELECTRONICS
Computation for
OFF-GRID
SYSTEM

Internal
 Daily
Load Qty. Power Total Power Hrs. used Consumption

LED
Step1 LIGHTS 8 7W 56W 8 HRS 448WH

LOAD LED TV 1 50W 50W 6 HRS 300WH

ANALYSIS EFAN 3 60W 180W 8 HRS 1440WH
How many watt-hour(Wh)
REF 1 300W 300W 16 HRS 4800WH
Does your home consumes
daily ?
AIRCON 1 1000W 1000W 3 HRS 3000WH

WASHING
MACHINE 1 180W 180W 3 HRS 540WH

TOTAL - - 1326W - 10,528WH

Internal
 Losses
(constant)
Total Daily
PV Power = Consumption x 1.3
Sun Peak Hrs.

Step2 10,528wh
= x 1.3 = 3421 .6w
SIZING OF PV 4 hrs
(average peak
PANELS sunlight hours perday)

PV power
USE: 9 pcs - 400w No. of PV Panels =
Rating of PV
JA Solar
Monocrystalline
Solar Panels 3421 .6 w
= = 8.554 ≈ 9pcs
400 w
Will vary depending on
Solar panel type and size.
(JA Solar)
Internal
 ALL MOTOR LOADS MULTIPLY BY 2 OR 3
EFAN : 180w x 2 = 360w
REF : 300w x 3 = 900w
AIRCON : 1000w x 3 = 3000w
Step3
WASHING = 540w
SIZING OF 180w x 3
MACHINE :
INVERTER ALL NON-MOTOR LOADS MULTIPLY BY 1.3

USE: 1-SNADI- LED LIGHTS : 56w x 1.3 = 72.8w

48V6000w LED TV: 50w x 1.3 = 65w

TOTAL SURGE POWER = 4973.8w

Internal
 Total Daily Consumption
Battery
= D.O.D x Efficiency x System
Capacity
voltage

10,528wh
= = 516.08 Ah
Step4 .5 x .85 x48v
SIZING OF (50% level before the battery
capacity drops) Lead-Acid Battery
BATTERY BATTERY CONNECTION:

No. of Strings Battery Capacity

=
(Parallel) Rating of Battery

516.08 Ah
= = 2.58 ≈3
200 Ah
Indicated on specs.

Internal
 BATTERY CONNECTION:

No. of Strings Battery Capacity

=
(Parallel) Rating of Battery

Step4 516.08 Ah
= = 2.58 ≈3
200 Ah
SIZING OF
BATTERY
No. of System Voltage
=
Series Voltage Rating ofBattery

USE: 12 pcs - 12V 48V

200 Ah Batt = = 4
12V

3 strings of 4
Parallel Series
Internal
 MPPT- Maximum PowerPoint Tracking

Step5
Total PV power
SIZING OF Icc =
System Voltage
SOLAR
CHARGE 400w/pc x 9 pcs
=
CONTROLLER 48v

USE:1-FANG- = 75A
FLEX-150V80A

Internal
 PV CONNECTION :

PV SPECS : (400 w MONO)

Voc = 49.5v SCC specs:
Step6 Isc = 10.28v Vmax = 150v
Solar PV
connection No. of Series = Vmax 150v
= = 3
(Series) (PV) Voc 49.5 v

No. of Strings No. of PV Panels

=
(Parallel) (PV) No. of series (PV)

9
= = 3
3

Parallel
3 strings of 3
Series
Internal
BREAKER AND
WIRE SIZING

Internal
BREAKER SIZING SOLAR PANEL TO SCC
Formula : I = I x 125%
1pcs – 400w JA solar

Voc = 49.5v
DC MCB Rating (I) = (I) PV Total Imp x 125% Safety
Isc = 10.28A factor or continuous duty
Vmp = 41.17v
Imp = 9.72A
Total Vmp = 123.51v
Total Imp = 29.16A
Formula : I = I x 125%

29.16 x 125% = 36.45A or 35A DC BREAKER

Internal
 WIRE SIZING SOLAR PANEL TO SCC VDI Method (voltage drop index)
1pcs – 400w JA solar current x distance (ft)
3pcs – 400w JA solar
+ - + - Vmp = 123.51v Vdi =
Voc = 49.5v Imp = 9.72A %voltage Drop x voltage
Isc = 10.28A VDI AWG
Vmp = 41.17v 1 16
3pcs – 400w JA solar
%voltage drop = 2 (DC)
Imp = 9.72A 2 14 + - + - + - Vmp = 123.51v
%voltage drop = 1 (AC)
Imp = 9.72A

3 12
1m = 3.28ft.
5 10 3pcs – 400w JA solar

8 8 + - + - + - Vmp = 123.51v
Imp = 9.72A
Current: 29.16A
12 6 voltage: 123.51v
20 4 distance: 10m(32.8ft)
34 2 vd%: 2
49 1/0
62 2/0 9pcs – 400w JA solar 29.16A x 32.8 (ft)
78 3/0
Vmp = 123.51v Vdi = = 3.87
Imp = 29.16A
2x 123.51V
99 4/0
Internal
 BREAKER SIZING SCC TO BATTERY BANK
Formula : I = ( P / V )
DC MCB Rating (I) = (P) Total PV wattage / V System
Nominal Voltage

(P) Total Solar Panel Wattage

DC MCB (I) =
(V) System Nominal Voltage
(P) 3600watts
DC MCB (I) =
(V) 48 volts
Lead Acid
Battery DC MCB (I) = 75A can be 70A DC Breaker
48v 600Ah
Internal
 VDI AWG
SCC TO BATTERY BANK
WIRE SIZING 1 16
2 14 P (Total PV array wattage) Power Law
3 12 I=
V (System nominal voltage)
5 10
3,600watts
8 8
I= = 75A P
12 6 48volts
20 4
34 2 75A x 6.56 (ft) I V
Vdi = = 5.12A
49 1/0 2x 48V
62 2/0
P = watts P=IxV
78 3/0
I = current I=P/V
99 4/0
V = volts V=P/I
Lead Acid
Battery

48v 600Ah
Internal
BREAKER SIZING BATTERY BANK TO INVERTER
Formula : I = ( P / V )
Lead Acid DC MCB Rating (I) = (P) Inverter wattage / V System
Battery
Nominal Voltage
48v 600Ah

(P) Inverter Wattage

DC MCB (I) =
(V) System Nominal Voltage
(P) 6000watts
DC MCB (I) =
(V) 48 volts

Inverter 6KW
DC MCB (I) = 125A DC Breaker
48V
Internal
 VDI AWG
Battery Bank to inverter
WIRE SIZING 1 16
2 14 P (Invertet wattage) Power Law
3 12 I=
V (System nominal voltage)
5 10
6000watts
8 8
I= = 125A P
12 6 48volts
20 4
34 2 125A x 6.56 (ft) I V
Vdi = = 8.54A
49 1/0 2x 48V
62 2/0
P = watts P=IxV
78 3/0
I = current I=P/V
99 4/0
V = volts V=P/I

Internal
BREAKER SIZING INVERTER TO AC LOADS
1. Based on the Inverter Wattage
2. Based on the Load Wattage

1. Based on the Inverter Wattage

Inverter
6KW 48V (P) Inverter Wattage
AC MCB (I) = X 125%
(V) AC DU Voltage
(P) 6000watts
AC MCB (I) = X 125%
(V) 220volts AC
AC LOADS

AC MCB (I) = 27.27A or 25A or 30A

Internal
 VDI AWG
Battery Bank to inverter
WIRE SIZING 1 16
2 14 P (Inverter wattage) Power Law
3 12 I=
V (DU AC Voltage)
5 10
6000watts
8 8
I= = 27.27A P
12 6
Inverter 220volts AC
20 1KW4 12V
34 2 27.27A x 32.8 (ft) I V
Vdi = = 4.06A
49 1/0 1x 220V
62 2/0
P = watts P=IxV
78 3/0
I = current I=P/V
99 4/0
V = volts V=P/I
AC LOADS

Internal
 Materials:
Solar Panel: 9pcs (400w Monocrystalline)
Inverter: 1-SNADI- 48V6000watts
Battery: 12pcs (12v 200Ah) Lead Acid
wiring for
OFF-GRID SCC: 1-FANG-FLEX 150V80A
SYSTEM

Internal
Computation for
ON-GRID
SYSTEM

Internal
 Based on average
monthly electric bill,

Monthly Consumption = 450kwh

Step1
LOAD Monthly Consumption
ANALYSIS Daily Consumption =
30 days

How many 450kwh

=
watt-hours (Wh) 30 days
does your home
consumes daily? = 15kwh

= 15,000wh

Internal
 Losses
(constant)
Total Daily
PV Power = Consumption x 1.3
Sun Peak Hrs.

Step2 15,000wh
= x 1.3 = 4875 w
SIZING OF PV 4 hrs
(average peak
PANELS sunlight hours per day)

PV power
USE: 14 pcs - 340w JA No. of PV Panels =
Rating of PV
Solar Polycrystalline
Solar Panels
4875 w
= = 14.33 ≈ 14pcs
340 w
Will vary depending on
Solar panel type and size.
(JA Solar)
Internal
 Note:
The Size of the on grid inverter depends on the total PV power

Step3
Total PV Power = Rating of PV x No. of PV Panels
SIZING OF
INVERTER
= 340w/pc x 14pcs

USE: 1- 5.0kw -
= 4760w or 4.76 Kw
SOLIS-4G ON GRID
INVERTER

Internal
Computation for
HYBRID
SYSTEM

Internal
 Based on average
monthly electric bill,

Monthly Consumption = 300kwh

Step1
LOAD Monthly Consumption
ANALYSIS Daily Consumption =
30 days

How many 300kwh

=
watt-hours (Wh) 30 days
does your home
consumes daily? = 10kwh
multiply the value by 1,000
to convert kwh to wh.
= 10,000wh

Internal
 Losses
(constant)
Total Daily
PV Power = Consumption x 1.3
Sun Peak Hrs.

Step2 10,000wh
x 1.3 = 3250 w
4 hrs
SIZING OF PV
(average peak
PANELS sunlight hours per day)

PV power
USE: 10 pcs - 340w JA No. of PV Panels =
Rating of PV
Solar Polycrystalline
Solar Panels
3250 w
= 9.96 ≈ 10pcs
340 w
Will vary depending on
Solar panel type and size.
(JA Solar)
Internal
 Note:
The Size of the on-grid inverter depends on the total PV power

Step3
Total PV Power = Rating of PV x No. of PV Panels
SIZING OF
INVERTER
= 340w/pc x 10pcs
USE: 1-EAST-
HYBRID-
= 3400 w or 3.4 Kw
48V3600w

Internal
 PV CONNECTION :
Step3 PV SPECS : (340 w poly)
Solar PV Voc = 46.13v Inverter specs:
Isc = 9.38A Vmax = 500v
Connection 10
No. of Series = Vmax 500v
= = 10.84 ≈ 11
(PV) Voc 46.13v 11 x 46.13v = 507.43v
(Should not exceedto
Vmax: 500v)

We only have 10pcs of Solar PVpanels.

No. of Strings No. of PV Panels 10

(Parallel) (PV)
=
No. of series (PV)
= = 1
10

1 strings of 10
Parallel Series
Internal
 Daily
Load Qty. Power Total Power Hrs. used
Consumption
LED
5 7W 35W 8 HRS 280wh
LIGHT
S

EFAN 2 50W 100W 8 HRS 800wh

Step4
SIZING OF REF 1 350W 350W 8 HRS 2800wh

BATTERY Total - - - - 3880WH

Total Daily Consumption

Battery
= D.O.D x Efficiency x System
Capacity
voltage

3880 wh
= = 190.2 Ah
.5 x .85 x48v
(50% level before the battery
capacity drops) Lead-Acid Battery
Internal
 Total Daily Consumption
Battery
= D.O.D x Efficiency x System
Capacity
voltage

3880 wh
= = 190.2 Ah
Step4 .5 x .85 x48v
SIZING OF
BATTERY BATTERY CONNECTION:

No. of Strings Battery Capacity

=
(Parallel) Rating of Battery

190.2 Ah
= = .95 ≈ 1
200 Ah
(Indicated on specs)

Internal
 BATTERY CONNECTION:

No. of Strings Battery Capacity

=
(Parallel) Rating of Battery

Step4 190.2 Ah
= = .95 ≈ 1
200 Ah
SIZING OF
BATTERY
No. of System Voltage
=
Series Voltage Rating ofBattery
USE: 4 pcs -12V 48V
200 Ah Batt. = = 4
12V

1 strings of 4
Parallel Series
Internal