Location related risk and

utility
Peter-Paul de Wolf and Edwin de Jonge
 Contents

Introduc on

Disclosure risk

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 Introduction

Visualiza on of sta s cal output

— Tradi onal graphs
— sca er plots
— bar charts
— pie charts
— me series
— …
— (Animated) graphs
— popula on pyramid
— business cycle tracer
— household consump on radar
— …
— Maps

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 Introduction

Display informa on on a map

— Criminology
— Epidemiology
— Animal and plant ecology
— Urban modeling
— Seismic risk analysis
— Official sta s cs
— Land use
— Popula on density
— Distribu on of characteris c

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 Introduction

Plo ng distribu on of dichotomous variable

— Hotspots
— Disclosure risk related to individuals
— Individuals related to loca ons
— Maps related to loca ons
— Disclosure risk related to loca ons
— U lity related to loca ons

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 Introduction

Popula on of individuals 𝒰 = {𝑟𝑟 , … , 𝑟 }

with 𝑟 = (𝑥 , 𝑦 ) the loca on of individual 𝑖

Area 𝒜is subset of ℝ

Relate disclosure risk (and u lity) to 𝒜

A acker interested in 𝑟 knows 𝑟 ∈ 𝒜.

No addi onal info to more detailed loca on of 𝑟

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 Identity disclosure

Loca on related iden ty disclosure risk for area 𝒜

0 if |𝒜 ∩ 𝒰| = 0
RI (𝒜) =
𝑛(𝑥, 𝑦) 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦 if |𝒜 ∩ 𝒰| ≠ 0
𝒜

where ( , ) denotes the areal number density of the popula on:

( , ) 𝟙( ∈ 𝒜) |𝒜 ∩ 𝒰|
𝒜

Note: 𝒜 ⊇ 𝒜 yields RI (𝒜 ) ≤ RI (𝒜 )

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 Identity disclosure

Loca on related iden ty disclosure risk for area 𝒜

0 if |𝒜 ∩ 𝒰| = 0
RI (𝒜) =
𝑛(𝑥, 𝑦) 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦 if |𝒜 ∩ 𝒰| ≠ 0
𝒜

where ( , ) denotes the areal number density of the popula on:

( , ) 𝟙( ∈ 𝒜) |𝒜 ∩ 𝒰|
𝒜

Note: 𝒜 ⊇ 𝒜 yields RI (𝒜 ) ≤ RI (𝒜 ) . 𝒜
𝒜
RI (𝒜 ) /
RI (𝒜 ) /

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 Identity disclosure

Municipality in The Netherlands, with realis c (but randomized)

loca ons of individuals

Randomized loca ons of observa ons of dichotomous variable

Calculated RI (𝒜) with 𝒜being squared grid cells

Simulated ‘zooming in’ on the map by using different grid sizes

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 Attribute disclosure

Dichotomous variable with indicator func on 𝜑 (𝑟𝑟 ) = 1 if

individual at 𝑟 has a ribute 𝐶, 0 otherwise.

Define 𝑓 (𝑟𝑟 ) to be the areal number density of individuals with

property 𝐶 in area 𝒜:

𝑓 (𝑥, 𝑦) 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦 = 𝜑 (𝑟𝑟 )𝟙(𝑟𝑟 ∈ 𝒜)

𝒜

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Spa al rela ve risk in epidemiology:

number of persons with disease over total number of persons
In our case similar?
Need ‘con nuous versions’ of areal number densi es: 𝜙 (⋅) for
𝑓 (⋅) and 𝜂(⋅) for 𝑛(⋅)
Define a ribute disclosure risk for area 𝒜as
𝜙 (𝑥, 𝑦)
RA (𝒜) = 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦
𝒜 𝜂(𝑥, 𝑦)

Note: ( )/ ( ) is sort of condi onal probability

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