Atoms and Matter: Practice

1. All matter is composed of

a. cells. c. atoms.
b. molecules. d. carbon.

2. Draw a simple atom. Include all the subatomic particles (protons, neutrons, electrons) and label them

3. Complete this table:

Charge Location in the Atom Does it have mass?

Proton

Neutron

Electron

4. Atomic Number = Number of …………………………………

5. Atomic mass = Number of …………………………….+ Number of …………………………………………

6. The nucleus is made up of

a. protons and electrons. c. protons and neutrons.
b. electrons and neutrons. d. protons, neutrons, and electrons.

7. A substance that is composed of only one type of atom is called a(n)

a. nucleus. c. element.
b. cell. d. molecule.
8. Draw an atom that has 6 protons, 6 neutrons, and 6 electrons. Label everything.
9. What are isotopes? Explain clearly.……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

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10. Describe 3 scientific uses of radioactive isotopes. ……………………….........................................................................

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11. Carbon is an element with 3 isotopes. What makes the 3 isotopes of carbon different (C 12, C13, C114)?

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

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12. Isotopes are atoms of the same element with the same number of protons and
a. a different number of electrons. c. a different number of neutrons.
b. a different number of molecules. d. the same number of neutrons.

13. Which of the following is a use of radioactive isotopes?

a. can determine the ages of rocks and fossils
b. can be used to treat cancer and kill bacteria that cause food to spoil
c. can be used as “tracers” to follow the movements of substances within organisms
d. all of the above

14. Complete the following chart:

Atomic Number of Number of
Element Symbol Number Protons + Electrons -
Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Nitrogen
Phosphorous
Sulfur
Chlorine
Sodium
Potassium
Iron
Iodine
Calcium
Helium

Uranium
15. What is a compound? ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

16. Write the formula of the following compounds

Compound Chemical Formula
Sodium Chloride

Water

Glucose (sugar)

Ozone

Carbon Dioxide

Carbon Monoxide

Hydrochloric Acid

Sodium Hydroxide

Acetic Acid (Vinegar)

17. A chemical formula shows the

a. kinds of bonds found in the molecule.
b. kinds of bonds found in the compound.
c. kinds of elements found in the compound.
d. arrangement of the elements found in the compound.

18. Which of the following makes up a molecule of water?

a. one atom of hydrogen and one atom of oxygen
b. one atom of sodium and one atom of chlorine
c. one atom of hydrogen and two atoms of oxygen
d. two atoms of hydrogen and one atom of oxygen

19. What keeps the different atoms in a compound together? …………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

20. Which bond is the strongest? ………………………………………………… The weakest? …………………………………….

21. What is a covalent bond? …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

22. What is an Ionic bond? ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

23. When a bond is formed, what is really been “shared” or “transferred” between the atoms?

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

24. Ionic bonds form between molecules that have

a. opposite charges. c. no charges.
b. the same charge. d. neutral charges.
25. The bond formed when two atoms share a pair of electrons is called a(n)
a. hydrogen bond. c. covalent bond.
b. ionic bond. d. water bond.

26.. This is the equation for photosynthesis (how plants make their own food).

Sunlight + Water + Carbon Dioxide Sugar + Oxygen

a. Re-write the equation using only the chemical formulas.

b. Label the reactants and the products.

Use your textbook to answer the following question.

27. Explain how geckos (a type of lizard) are able to climb up vertical walls, even smooth glass walls. [No,
they do not have glue on their toes.] Check section 2-1 in your textbook.

(Drawings always help your written explanation – use them)