foe Unit 4: Analysis and conoclll of Asgesament | Recult 1 © A. presentation \abutar Presentation .- 2. Graphical presentation ; ; oe” 3. Textual PresentationStatistics plays a very important role in assessing the performance of students, most especially in interpreting and analyzing the seores through assessment acti Teachers should know how to utilize these data, particularly in decision-making. Hence, a classroom teacher should have the necessary background in statistical procedures in order for him to give a corect description, and interpretation of student's performance in a certain test. This lesson is a review of the important tools needed in describing, analyzing and interpreting assessment results. The topics discussed in this module are presentations of data through textual, tabular and graphical. 4Tabular Presentation What is tabular data presentation?The specific methods that are used for ‘esenting statistical data in the tabular format is known ag tabular presentation of data. The data is systematically and logically arranged within the rows and the columns with regards to the specific characteristics of thes | data. The tabular data presentation makes forthright interpretation as well ag comprehensible dataset. This is the reason-why tabular data presentation | format is widely used in a number of applications where data needs to be | organised and analysed. |Tabular Presentation Objectives of Tabular Data PresentationThe objectives of tabular data presentation are as follows.The tabular data presentation helps in simplifying the complex data.lt also helps to compare different data sets thereby bringing out the important aspects.The tabular presentation provides the foundation for statistical analysis.The tabular data presentation further helps in the formation of graphs, as well ag diagrams for the purpose of advanced data analysis.Tabular Presentation -/Parts of the Table that are Used in the TabulationSome of the parts that dre used in the table of tabular data presentation are as follows. fe number: This is included for the purpose of identification and it provides for easy reference. , 4 Title: It provides the nature of information which is included in the | |__ table. This information is included-adjacent to table number. Stub: This is provided on the left-side of tabular form. The specific issues that are mentioned in the stub are presented in the horizontal | rows. e@Tabular Presentation Caption: The caption is put on the top of columns within the table. The columns come with the specific unit within which figures-are noted down. Body: This is the most significant of the table and it is located in | the middle or centre of the table. It is made up of numerical _ contents . Footnote: The footnote gives the scope or potential for further | explanation that might be required for any item whichis “e included in the,table.Tabular Presentation The footnote helps with the clarification of data that ig mentioned within the table. Information source: The information source is included on the bottom of the table. It gives the source related to the specific piece of information and the authenticity of the sources that are cited here helps in contributing to the credibility of the data. PeeEee | ieTabular Presentation stub Caption (Column Heading) : (Row Heading) ‘Sub-head Sub-head Total (Rows) cannes cnr coon ‘Stub Entries ? (Row Entries) i Total ColumnsAX S _ a Oe a Forms of Tabular Analysis ised on statistics. Such analysis is undertaken through numeric variables as well as Statistical methods. litative -qualitative analysis is done, taking into account various attributes that are non- numerical. For instance, it may include social status, nationality, and physical specifications, among others. In such classification, the attributes that are taken into consideration cannot be subjected to quantitative measurement. ‘Spatial- Categorisation, when done based on location such as a state, country,,block, and district, etc., ig called spatial analysis. Temporal -in this analysis method, time becomes a variable for data analysis. Such consideation of time may be in the form of hours, days, weeks, and.months among others. _ 5— a Graphical Presentation -/A graph is a diagram which makes a systematic presentation of a class ffequency distribution together with comparison and relationship of the Classes. As a graph is usually perceptible, it is easily understood. There are two most common methods for graphing frequency distribution: @ Histogram @ Frequency PolygonHistogram ‘A-higtogram is-e-graphical representation of a grouped frequency distribution with continuous classes. It is an area diagram and can be defined as a set of ectangles with bases along with the intervals between class boundaries and with areas proportional to frequencies in the corresponding classes. In such representations, all the rectangles are adjacent since the base covers the intervals between class boundaries. The heights of rectangles are proportional to corresponding frequencies of similar classes and for different classes, the heights | a will be proportional to corresponding frequency densitiesy In-other words, a-histogram is-a- diagram involving rectangles.whose area is | Proportional to the frequency of a variable and width is equal'to the clags interval.oman . — Histogram 25; = A graphical digplay of data 20: using bars of different heights. i It is similar to a Bar Chart, but a 10: histogram groups numbers into Tanges . The height of each bar shows how many fall intoeach range. a 40 60 80 100 120 140 \aaa Frequency Polygon - A frequency polygon is almost identical to a histogram, which is used to compare sets of data or to display a cumulative frequency distribution. It-uses-a-line graph to represent quantitative data. Frequency polygons are a visually substantial method of representing quantitative data and its frequencies.Number of students Frequency Polygon ~ A frequency polygon is a line graph of class frequency plotted against class midpoint. It-can be obtained by joining the midpoints of the tops of the rectangles in the histogram’ Helge nm)i \ a Textual Presentation Data is first obtained in a textual format. It is a vague and raw format of the ‘data. The data is mentioned in the text form, which is usually en in a paragraph. The textual presentation of data is used when the data is not large and can be easily comprehended by the reader just when he reads the paragraph @ Data can be presented using paragraphs or sentences. It involves enumerating important characteristics, emphasizing significant figures and identifying important features of data.7 Textual Presentation of Data Example. You are asked to present the Textual Presentation of Data performance of your section in the Statistics test. The following are the test scores of your class: ° « a auees 0 2 a Solution First, arrange the data in order for you to identify the important characteristics. This ‘can be done in two ways: rearranging from lowest to highest or using the stem-and-leaf plot, Below is the rearrangement of data from lowest Ibbighest: 7 18 20 23 23 24 25 26 7 geese Sessa 39 39 39 42 43 43 45 45 45 46 46 48 49 50 50 50i \ a Textual Presentation Thig data format is useful when some qualitative statement is to be pigmented with data. The reader does not want to read volumes of data to-be resented in the tabular format. Does he want to understand the data in a diagrammatic form? All that the reader wants to know is the data that provides evidence to the statement written. This is enough to let the reader gauge the intensity of the statement. The textual data is evidence of the qualitative statement, and one needs to go through the complete text before he concludes anything,i \ a Textual Presentation @ his method comprises presenting data with the help of a paragraph or a number of paragraphs. The official report of an inquiry commission is usually made by textual presentation, Example In 1999, out of a total of five thousand workers of a factory, four thousand and two hundred were members of a Trade Union. The number of female Workers was twenty per cent of the total workers out of which thirty per centewere members of the Trade Unioni \ a Textual Presentation 1n200Q, the number of workers belonginng to the to trade union was increased by wenty per cent ag compared to 1999 of which four thousand and two red were male. The number of workers not belonging to trade union was-nine hundred and fifty of which four hundred and fifty were females. The merit of this mode of presentation lies in its simplicity and even a laymar can present data by this method. The observations with exact magnitude can be presented with the help of textual presentation Furthermore, this type of presentation canbe taker ag the first step towardss the other methods a presentation.> —T 7 \ Textual Presentation \ @ [Textual presentation, however, is not preferred , by a statistician simply because, it is dull, monotonous and comparison between different | a observations is not possible in this method.Thank You For Your _ Attentionge www.reallygreatsite.com