Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012

A smileil i quite
is it a funny
f thi
thing; S il
Smile
wrinkles up listener’s face; And when
smile
il is i gone, the
th listener
li t cannott find
fi d
Smile’s secret hiding place.

Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012

A smile is quite a funny thing;
IT wrinkles up YOUR face;
And when ITIT’S
S gone , YOU cannot find
ITS secret hiding place.
But far more wonderful IT is
………………………..
Let’s smile and smile and not forget
That smiles go everywhere !

Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012

We have replaced the subject smile and
used IT instead .

There are many such words which we

use in place of the subject to avoid
repetition.

Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012

Words that replace nouns are called pronouns .

Pronoun is a word used instead of a noun

Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012

Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012
 The
eppicture
ctu e helps
e ps us know
o more
o e
about pronouns and the words
used for p
people
p around .
FIRST PERSON :- is the person or persons
speaking as - I and we.
SECOND PERSON :- is the person or persons
spoken to as- you ( it remains the same in
th plural
the l l form
f )
THIRD PERSON :- is the person or persons
spoken of as- He , she , it , they .
Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012
LET ME NARRATE A STORY
TO YOU . NOTE THE USE
OF UNDERLINED WORDS IN
IT.

Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012

Once a lion became sick and could not come out of
hi den
his d . Many
M animals
i l off theth forest
f t came to
t visit
i it
him. They were seen going into his den one by one.
But a fox, who was the lion’s closest friend never
came to visit him . The lion wondered and wrote a
letter reminding him of their friendship and asked
him to visit him . The fox came but did not enter
the den . Instead he wrote a letter “ I am sorry to
hear about your illness .But I cannot visit you now ,
as I saw a lot
l t off foot-prints
f t i t going i i t your den
into d b t
but
I saw none coming out again. ‘’

Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012

We have used the words HIS ,HIM ,
THEY , HE , THEIR , I , YOU , YOUR
instead of repeating the nouns LION ,
FOX and ANIMALS.
ANIMALS

Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012

Mine , ours , yours , his , hers , theirs , its .
Th
These words
d are used
d f
for possessive
i
pronouns .
For example :- 1. This book is mine , that
book is yours.
yours
2. This pen is hers .
3. Students returned their books to the library .
4 This plot is ours .
4.
Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012
I , we , me , us , my , mine , our , ours , you
, yours , he , him , his,
She , her , hers , it , its , they them , theirs .
These are different forms of personal p
p pronouns
which are used according to their number ,
gender
d and
d case .

Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012

 NOTE
1.The First Person is the speaker.

2.The Second Person is the one

p
spoken to.

3.The Third Person is the one

spoken about.

Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012

 personal

Impersonal 

Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012

y FIRST PERSON :- is the p
person or
persons speaking as - I and we
ySSECOND
CO PERSON:-is
SO s tthe
e pe
person
so or
o
persons spoken to as- you ( it
remains the same in the plural
p
form )
y THIRD PERSON :- is the p person or
persons spoken of as- He , she , it
, they .
Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012
 Now listen to the p
poem BEGGAR
MAN and note the use of pronouns,
I,, He and His.

Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012

Each morning as I go to school,
If I am not too late ,
I stand to watch the BEGGAR MAN
Beside the temple gate .

He always sits in that same place

He has nowhere to live
He sits and clanks HIS begging bowl
And cries to all to give .

Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012

Note the use of I , HE , HIS .
Here I is the narrator . HE and HIS are
used in reference to the beggar man .

Let’s learn in detail the use of pronouns

to make our expressions more effective .

Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012

 Ram

Ram’s family

Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012

SINGULAR   PLURAL

I WE

ME US

MY     MINE
MY  ,  MINE OUR   OURS  
OUR  ,

Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012

1.Radha
1 Radha and I had lunch together.
together
2. We (Chitra , Flora and I ) had lunch
together
g .
3. Deeksha told me a story .
4.Grandmother told us a story .
5.This is my house . That house is
mine too .
6 Sheela is our neighbour . This
6.Sheela
plot is ours .

Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012

Identify the pronouns in the following lines:
1. They went for swimming .
2. Ashok said he would give them some
b k .
books
3. Dilip’s sister came with us.
4 Do you like it?
4.
5. Have you helped her ?
6. We wanted to help p the villagers
g .
Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012
1. They went for swimming
2. Ashok said he would give them some
books .
3. Dilip’s sister came with us.
4. Do you like it?
5. Have you helped her ?
6. We wanted to help the villagers .

Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012

LET S READ THESE LINES
LET’S
ALOUD AND STRESS THE
PRONOUNS THAT APPEAR
IN BOLD LETTERS .

Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012

Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012
We use the p pronoun MY , YOUR etc to
talk about family members , friends,
colleagues , parts of body etc . We
say:-
1. My parents are coming tomorrow.
2. Have you brushed your hair.
3. I hurt my finger.
4. My friends attended the party.

Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012

 Know it right !
We should always remember to write or say
1. You and I .
2. I and you.
3. This is mine.
4. This is mines.
5. He / she and I .
6. I and she / he .

For example –1 . Deeksha and I are best friends .

2.She and I can never agree on this matter .
Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012
Pronouns of two or three different persons are
grouped together , good manners suggest that
they should be put in this order of precedence
:second person , third person and first person .
For example:
example:-
1. You , he and I are childhood friends .
2.You and Sonu were at your best .
3. She and I go for a walk regularly .

Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012

ME   MINE

YOU YOURS

HIM HIS

HER HERS

IT ITS

US OURS

YOU YOURS

THEM THEIRS

Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012

We should never use
apostrophe for yours while
concluding the letter .
Yours faithfully ,
Your’s faithfully .

Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012

Wee cacan  form  different  kinds  of  pronouns  according  
o d ee t ds o p o ou s acco d g
to  the  context  by  adding  self, after‐ my  ,  your  ,  
him  , her  ,  it  and  selves 
after  the  plurals ‐ our  ,  you  ,  them  . 
1. I  looked  at  myself  in  the  mirror 
2.He  hurt  himself /  herself  .
3.Please   help  yourselves .
4.We  enjoyed  ourselves .
j d l
5.They  enjoyed  themselves  .  

Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012

Note  the  difference  between  reflexive  and  emphatic 
pronouns .
• Reflexive pronoun  ‐ the  action  done  by  the  subject  
reflects  upon  the  subject  , the  pronoun  is  called  
fl t      th    bj t    th      i    ll d  
reflexive  pronoun  .
This  pronoun  comes  after   the  verb .
p
For  example  :  1.  I   hurt  myself  .    
2.You  will  know  it  yourself  . 
3. She    helped   herself  by  being  health  conscious . 
4.  He  is  true to  his  own  self  . 

Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012

™Emphatic pronoun – emphasis is on the
action done by the subject .
Pronoun is used after the subject
j , before the
verb .
For examplep : 1. I met the mayory himself.
2.I had a discussion with him myself .
3.She
3 S e herself
e se ccleaned
ea ed her
e cupboa
cupboardd .
4. They themselves admitted their mistake .

Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012

 I   ME MYSELF

HE   HIM   HIMSELF  

SHE   HER   HERSELF  

YOU   YOU YOURSELF

YOURSELVES 
WE                     US                        OURSELVES

THEY   THEM   THEMSELVES  

Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012

Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012
COMPLETE THE SENTENCES WITH MYSELF,
YOURSELVES,, THEMSELVES,, YOURSELF,,
HIMSELF/HERSELF, ITSELF .

1 PLEASE FETCH THE WATER ………. .

1.
2. I DID IT ……… .
3. OFFICER ……….. IS HONEST .
4
4. SOME PEOPLE BOAST ABOUT ……… .
5. THE DOG HAS HURT ………. .
6. ANSWER THESE …………. .
Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012
1. PLEASE FETCH THE WATER YOURSELF .
2. I DID IT MYSELF .
3. OFFICER HIMSELF IS HONEST .
4. SOME PEOPLE BOAST ABOUT
THEMSELVES .
5. THE DOG HAS HURT ITSELF .
6. ANSWER THESE YOURSELVES .
Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012
Observe

Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012

This, these , that , those are used to
point the object or objects to
which it refers . They are called as
D
Demonstrative
t ti Pronouns
P .

Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012

1. This is an interesting book.
2
2. That is Kavya
Kavya’ss house .
3. These are my favourite songs .
4
4. Those books belong to Sagar .

Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012

One,, none , all , some , few,,
everyone ,anyone , anybody,
everybody
y y etc are used to refer
to person(s) or thing (s) in a
general way
g y . These pronouns
p do
not refer to any specific or
particular p
p person(s)
( ) or thing
g ((s)) .
They are known as INDEFINITE
PRONOUNS .
Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012
For  example  we  say 
p y
1 .NONE  should  ever  abuse  ANYBODY .
2. What  is EVERYBODY’S  business is  
NOBODY’S  business . 
33. ALL  were  invited  , only  SOME  attended  
, y
and  a   FEW were  absent  .                                
4. EVERYONE  of  the  Indians  is  committed  
4
to  nation’s   prosperity.  
55. ANYONE  who  is  capable  can  do  the  job .   
p j
Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012
ONE ANOTHER and  EACH  OTHER   are  used  to  denote  reciprocal 
or  mutual  action .  They  are  called  Reciprocal  Pronouns .  
Sumit and  Amit are  good  friends .  They  are  very  fond  of  eachother
.(Sumit is  fond  of  Amit and  Amit is  fond  of  Sumit .
You  can  use   one another  instead   of  each other .
ƒ Sumit how  long  have  you  and  Amit known  one  another  .

Amir and Asha are looking at each other .( Amir

is looking at Asha and Asha is looking at Amir .))

Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012

Pronouns  also  help  to  ask  questions  and at  
the  same  time  refer  to  the  nouns  they  
stand  for and  also  join  sentences . These  
are  termed  as  Interrogative Pronouns 
For  example‐ Who are  you?
Whom  do  you  want?
This  is  the  book  which  you  gave  me  
yesterday .
What  news  do  you  bring  ?
Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012
Who   Whom/who Whose
What What ‐
Which Which  ‐

Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012

 Fill in the blanks :-
1. This is Neel ……. had an accident .

2
2. Yesterday I saw a car …….. was really old .

3. This is Rima ……. I met on Friday .

4. I haven’t seen Joy ………. house is far away .

Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012

1. WHO
2. WHICH
33. WHOM
4. WHOSE

Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012

 Let’s check what we
have learnt :-

F ill  the  blanks  with  pronouns (they , 
p ( y,
their , he , his ,her , she , them ,) .
y
Ram  was  a  smart  boy .   ……. used  to study   y
hard  everyday. ……. mother was happy with  
p
…..  performance.   …….. also  had  a  sister.  
……
name  was  Rina.   …….. was  beautiful .    ….. 
mother  made  ……. study  everyday.  …….. 
stood  first  in  the  class .  
Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012
Ram  was  a  smart  boy . He used  to 
study  hard  everyday. His mother was 
happy with his  performance. He
performance  He also  
had  a  sister. Her 
name  was  Rina.  She
     Ri   Sh was  beautiful . 
  b if l   
Their mother  made them study  
everyday. They stood  first    in  the  class 
.  
Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012
 SITA Ram

SUNIL
ANIL

MALA
MAHESH

SHAM
SHEETAL

Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012

 1. We saw Sita with ……. Husband , Ram.
2.We saw Mala and Mahesh with ……
children.
3.We saw Sunil
S with ….. Brother , Anil.
4 . We saw Sheetal with …… brother, Sham.

ANSWERS
(her, their , his ,her)

Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012

During the middle English period pronouns
like thee (you
(you-subject),
subject) thou(you - object ) ,
thine ( your- possesive form ) . These were
excessively used in Shakespearian literature .

Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012

Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012
Our grandfather by the sea , blind.
His deck chair settles our rug on the stones
and his face takes sunlight like thirst .
We always play games that need speaking;
each of our cards and moves are told
And he smiles in his taking part .
We are saying our childhood to this old man
and his beautiful face, liver‐marked and shy,
has no end in its space , no end in its gentleness,
To hold a whole life of listening left to do .
‐ Oliver Shelly

Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012

The study of pronouns is of great help in Active and
Passive voice.
For example : 1. We watched this programme . ( active )
This programme was watched by us .(passive)
2. They
y are cheering
g the winner . ((active))
The winner is being cheered by them . (passive)

The subject WE in active voice is changed to US in

passive as it is the object of the sentence .
The subject THEY is changed to THEM in the passive .
NOTE :- I is changed to me , We is changed to us ,
He / she to him / her , They to them .

Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012

Like wise even in reported speech pronouns play a vital role
.1. He said, “I have understood everything ‘’
He said that he had understood everything .
2. They said “We are happy ‘’
They said that they were happy .

Pronouns change according to the subject and the object

of the reporting Verb .

Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012

 (I refers to the postman )

Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012

Thank  you  
y

Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012