CHAPTER 1

DETERMINACY AND INDETERMINACY

01 (C)

Number of member, m = 7
Number of joints, j = 8
Number of external reaction, R = 6
Force release, rr = 1 + 1 = 2
..Method 1..
Ds = 3m − (3 j − R) − rr (for plane frame)
Ds = 3  7 − (3  8 − 6) − 2
Ds = 1
Kinematic indeterminacy,
Dk = 3 j − R + rr
Dk = 3  8 − 6 + 2 = 20
(for extensible member)
Dk = 20 − m " = 20 − 7 = 13
(for rigid member)
Where, m " = Number of rigid members.
Hence, the correct option is (C).
..Method 2..
Dse = R − Available equilibrium equation
Dse = 6 − 3 = 3
Dsi = 3C − rr
Where, C = Number of closed loop
 Dsi = 3  0 − 2 = − 2
Ds = Dse + Dsi = 3 − 2 = 1
From figure various determinacy possible are,
 x = Displacement in x- direction
 y = Displacement in y - direction
 = Rotation.
At A → 0 ,
At B → 3 ( Bx ,  By ,  B )
At C → 4 ( cx1 ,  cx2 ,  cx3 , c )
At D → 3 ( Dx ,  Dy ,  D )
At H → 1 ( H )
At E → 4 ( E1 ,  E2 ,  Ex ,  Ey )
At F → 3 ( Fx ,  Fy ,  F )
At G → 2 (G , Gx )
Total = 20
However if members are considered to be inextensible (rigid) then,
 By = 0
 Bx =  Cx1
 Cx2 =  Dx
 Dy = 0
 Dx =  Ex
 Ex =  Fx
 Fy = 0
Total = 7
Hence, degree of kinematic indeterminacy,
Dk = 20 − 7 = 13
Hence, the correct option is (C).

Q.02
Ans (A)

Number of member, m = 3
Number of joints, j = 4
Number of external reaction, R = 4
rr = Number of internal reaction released
rr = (m '− 1)
Where, m ' = Number of member meeting at hybrid joint.
rr = 2 − 1 = 1
..Method 1..
Ds = 3m − (3 j − R) − rr
Ds = 3  3 − (3  4 − 4) − 1 = 0
 The frame is stable and statically determinate.
Hence, the correct option is (A).
..Method 2..
External indeterminacy,
Dse = R − Available equilibrium equation
Dse = 4 − 3 = 1
Internal indeterminacy,
Dsi = 3C − rr
Where, C = Number of closed loop.
rr = (m '− 1) = 1
Dsi = 3  0 − 1 = −1
Ds = Dse + Dsi = 1 − 1 = 0
Hence, the correct option is (A).

Q.03
Ans (B)
For figure, due to loading there will be no horizontal reaction, R = 4
Similarly available equilibrium equation e = 2
 Dse = R − e = 4 − 2 = 2
Dsi = 3C − rr
Where, C = Number of closed loop = 0
rr = Internal reaction release = 0
Note : Internal indeterminacy Dsi = 0 (Beam are always internally determinate).
Ds = Dsi + Dse = 2 + 0 = 2
Hence, the correct option is (B).
Q.04
Ans (B)
According to question,

By formula, Dk = 3 j − R
Number of joints, j = 4
Number of external reaction, R = 6
Number of members, m = 3
Dk = 3  4 − 6 = 6
It is given that frame is rigid frame.
Hence, substracting number of rigid member,
Dk = 6 − 3 = 3
Hence, the correct option is (B).
Q.05
Ans(C)
According to question,
Degree of static indeterminacy,
Ds = 3m − (3 j − R) (for plane frame)
Where, number of members, m = 5
Number of joints, j = 6
Number of external reaction, R = 7
Ds = 3  5 − (3  6 − 7)
Ds = 15 − 18 + 7 = 4
Degree of kinematic indeterminacy,
Dk = 3 j − R (for plane frame)
Dk = 3  6 − 7 = 11
But in question it is given that axial determination is negligible i.e., rigid member, hence
substracting the total number of rigid members in above Dk .
Dk = 11 − m = 11 − 5 = 6
Hence, Ds = 4 and Dk = 6 .
Hence, the correct option is (C).

Q.06
Ans(D)

Degree of static indeterminacy,

Ds = 3m − (3 j − R) (for plane frame)
Where, Number of members, m = 11
Number of joints, j = 10
Note : Free end is also taken as joint.
Number of external reaction, R = 6
Hence, Ds = 3 11 − (3 10 − 6)
Ds = 33 − 30 + 6 = 9
Degree of kinematic indeterminacy (k),
Dk = 3 j − R = 3 10 − 6 = 24
Lets assume member is rigid, then substracting total number of rigid members.
Dk = 24 − 11 = 13
Hence, Ds = 9 and Dk = 13 .
Hence, the correct option is (D).
Q.07
Ans(B)

Degree of freedom,
Dk = 3 j − R (for plane frame)
Dk = 3 j − R − m (for rigid plane frame)
Number of joints, j = 4
Number of external reaction, R = 3
Number of rigid member, m = 1
Note : Only beam is given as axially rigid not column.
Dk = 3  4 − 3 − 1 = 8
Hence, the correct option is (B)

Q.08
Ans 0
According to question,

Note : The beam given is having only vertical load hence, there will be no horizontal reaction.
 The number of equilibrium equation = 2
Number of external reaction, R = 3
Degree of external indeterminacy,
Dse = R − 2 = 3 − 2 = 1
Degree of internal indeterminacy,
Dsi = 3C − rr
Where, C = Number of closed loop = 0.
rr = (m '− 1) = (2 − 1) = 1
 Dsi = 3  0 − 1 = −1
Hence, Ds = Dse + Dsi = 1 − 1 = 0
Note : Stable for vertical loading and unstable for horizontal loading.

Q.09
Ans(A)
According to question,

We know that, for plane truss, kinematic indeterminacy,

Dk = 2 j − R
Where, total number of joint, j = 7
Total number of external reaction, R = 3
 Dk = 2  7 − 3 = 14 − 3 = 11
Hence, the correct option is (A).
Q.10
Ans(B)
According to question,

Given that, the frame shown in figure is rigid.

Hence, the degree of kinematic indeterminacy,
Dk = (3 j − R) − m "
Where, number of joints in the structure, j = 6
Total support reaction, R = 4
Number of inextensible (rigid) members m " = 6
Note : In question reduction of kinematic indeterminacy is asked when member are assumed to
be rigid.
Case 1 :
When member are extensible,
Dk1 = 3 j − R = 3  6 − 4 = 14
 (members are extensible)
Case 2 :
When member are inextensible (rigid), then
Dk2 = 3 j − R − m "
Dk2 = 3  6 − 4 − 6 = 8
Reduction in Dk = Dk1 − Dk2 = 14 − 8 = 6
Hence, the correct option is (B)

Chapter2
Method of structural Analysis
Q.01
Ans(D)
From given problem,

3EI 
Where, M AB = and M BA = 0
L2
(because of hinge support)
Note : Effect of settlement of support when both end is fixed and one end sinks by  .

6 EI  6 EI 
M AB = − 2
and M BA = − 2
L L
Hence, the correct option is (D).
Q.02
Ans()
Q.03
Ans(B)
Given : Problem is ,
: Method 1 :
Fixed end moment,
2
 L  L 
P   
=  
2 2
M AB
L2
Note :

Pab 2 Pba 2
M AB = and M BA =
L2 L2
PL
M AB =
8
Due to symmetry,
PL
M BA = M AB =
8
Hence, the correct option is (B).
: Method 2 :

M A and M B , Fixed end moments at support A and B,

As the loading is symmetrical M A = M B

Fig. BMD for simply supported beam

Fig. BMD due to fixed end moment

Using moment area method
 BA = Deflection of point B with respect to tangent A = 0
 1 PL L  L
   L  − M A  L  = 0
2 4 2  2
Q.04
Ans(B)
As per given question the diagram will be as, shown below,

1
 It is clear that base moments developed is proportional to .
h2
Hence, the correct option is (B).
Note :

Fig. Effect of settlement of support

Q.05
Ans(B)
Slope deflection method is a displacement method, so number of joint equilibrium needed is equal
to number of unknown displacement, i.e. degree of kinematic indeterminacy ( Dk ) .
Therefore, the number of simultaneous equations to be solved is equal to the degree of kinematic
indeterminacy.
Hence, the correct option is (B).
Q.06
Ans(A)
As per question figure,

3EI
Stiffness of BA = (for end is hinged)
L
4EI
Stiffness of CD = (for end is fixed)
L
It is clear that stiffness of CD is more than that of AB.
 Frame will sway towards the left side.
Hence, the correct option is (A).
Q.07
Ans(A)
The order of the flexibility matrix for a structure is equal to the number of redundant forces.
Hence, the correct option is (A).

Q.08
Ans(B)

According to cantilever method,

 Points of contra flexure occur at the midpoint of each span.
 Direct stresses in the columns are proportional to their distances from the centroidal vertical
axis of the frame.
Due to symmetry C.G. of frame will be at mid columns i.e., h = 6 m
Let area of columns A1 = A2 = A3 = A then distance about left column.
A  6 + A 12 = 3 A  h
h =6 m
 It given that all columns having identical cross sections.
Hence, axial force in each column will be proportional to their distance from C.G.
V1 V3
=
x1 x3
V1 = V3 ( x1 = x2 = 6)
As distance of V2 from C.G. is zero,
 V2 = 0
Taking moment about the joint ‘C’,
H1  2 + H 2  2 + H 3  2 = V1 12 + V3  0
( H1 + H 2 + H 3 )  2 = 12V1
30  2
= V1
12
V1 = 5 kN
Now, taking moment about the contra flexure point ' L1 ' ,

M1 = 0 ,
H1  2 = V1  3
5 3
H1 = = 7.5 kN
2
Now, end moment at roof level beam
= 7.5  2 = 15 kN
Hence, the correct option is (B).
Q.09
Ans(D)
Unit load method :
(i) Unit load method is used in structure analysis is a force method.
(ii) It is applicable to both determinate and indeterminate structure.
(iii) It is derived from Castigliano’s theorem.
Hence, the correct option is (D).
Q.10
Ans(A)
For a linear elastic structural system, minimum potential energy (U ) .
U
=0
Pi
Above equation represent the compatibility condition at the point where Pi is acting.
Hence, the correct option is (A).
Q.11
Ans(B)
Force method :
Following methods are the example of force method :
(i) Strain energy method.
(ii) Castigliano’s theorem (method of least work).
(iii) Virtual work method/Unit load method.
(iv) Clapeyron’s three moment equations (used in continuous beam analysis).
(v) Column analogy method (used in rigid frames with fixed supports).
(vi) Flexibility matrix method.
(vii) Method of consistent deformation.
(viii) Maxwell Mohr’s equation.
Displacement method :
(i) Slope deflection method.
(ii) Moment distribution method.
(iii) Stiffness matrix method.
(iv) Kani’s method
Hence, the correct option is (B).

Q.12
Ans(B)
According to question,
: Method 1 :
4 EI
Stiffness of member BA, ( K BA ) =
L
(when the far end is fixed stiffness = 4EI / L )
3EI
Stiffness of member BC , ( K BC ) =
L
(when the far end is hinged stiffness = 3EI / L )
4 EI
Stiffness of member BD, ( K BD ) =
L
K = K BA + K BC + K BD
4 EI 3EI 4 EI 11EI
K = + + =
L L L L
Rotation () of the joint is given by,
M Joint moment
= =
K Summetion of stiffness
ML
 =
11EI
Hence, the correct option is (B).
: Method 2 :

At joint B,
M BA + M BD + M BC = M
4 EI 4 EI 3EI
B + B + B = M
L L L
11EI
B = M
L
ML
B =
11EI
Hence, the correct option is (B).
Q.13
Ans(D)
..Method 1..

Let’s applying a moment M at A and carry over moment be M B at B.

Taking moment about point ‘C’ (from left)
M C = 0 ,
RA  L − M = 0 (MA = M )
M
RA =
L
Fy = 0 ,
RA + RB = 0
RB = − RA
M
 RB = −
L
Now, taking moment about point ' C ' (from right)
M B + RB L = 0
M
MB − L =0
L
MB = M
Carry over moment
Carry over factor =
Applied moment
M
= =1
M
Note :

Length towards fixed support

COF =
Length towards hing support
b
COF =
a
Hence, the correct option is (D).
..Method 2..
 L
COF = =1
L
Hence, the correct option is (D).
Q.14
Ans(0.01)
According to question,

: Method 1 :
4 EI 4 EI
Stiffness of member QP, ( K QP ) = =
L 5
4 EI
Stiffness of member QR, ( K QR ) =
L
4 EI
= = EI
4
Then, stiffness of joint’s ' Q ' ,
K Q = K
K Q = K QP + K QR
4 9 EI
KQ = EI + EI =
5 5
Rotation at joint ' Q ' ,
MQ 180
Q = = = 0.01rad
KQ 9
110 4

5
Hence, the rotation at Q up to two decimal places is 0.01 rad.
: Method 2 :
2 EI
M QP = M FQP + (2Q +  P )
L
( M FQP = 0, P = 0)
2 104
= 0+  (2Q + 0) = 8000  Q
5
2 EI
M QP = M FQP + (2Q +  R )
L
( M FQR = 0,  R = 0)
 2 104
= 0+ (2Q ) = 10000Q
4

M Q = 0 ,
− M QP − M QR − 180 = 0
18000  Q = −180
−180
Q = = 0.01 radian
18000
[(– ve) = Anticlockwise]

Chapter 3
Matrix method of structural analysis
Q.01
Ans(B)
Flexibility f : Displacement/rotation produce by unit force/unit moment.

f =
P
Stiffness (k) : Force/moment required to produce unit displacement/unit rotation.
P
k=

Hence, the correct option is (B).

Q.02
Ans(B)
Case 1 : When for end is hinged,

ML
=
3EI
 M
If B = 1  k =  

3EI
k=
L
Case 2 : When for end is fixed,

ML
B =
4 EI
If B = 1
4EI
k=
L
3EI
3
Hence, L =
4 EI 4
L
3
 Ratio is
4
Hence, the correct option is (B).

Q.03
Ans()
Q.04
Ans(B)
 2 EI   2 1 
Given stiffness matrix is, k =   
 L  1 2 
1 adj[k ]
We know that, f = = k −1 =
k k
 2 −1
 
−1  L   −1 2 
f =k = 
 2 EI   4 −1
 2 −1
L
f =  −1 2 

6 EI 
Hence, the correct option is (B).
Q.05
Ans (B)
Stiffness matrix and deflection is related as,
P
k=

1
k

 k11 = k2  2
According to question,
k2 = 2k1
k11 = (2k1 ) 2
1
2 =
2
Hence, the correct option is (B).
Q.06
Ans(A)
Stiffness (k) is the force required to produce unit deformation. Thus, k ij denotes force required in
direction “i” due to unit deformation in direction “j”.
kij = Indicates force at i due to a unit
Deformation at j.
Hence, the correct option is (A).

Chapter 4
Influence line diagram and rolling load
Q.01
Ans(B)
Muller Breslau principle is used for drawing influence line diagram for any force function (SF,
BM or reaction) not only of statically determinate structure but also of indeterminate structure.
Hence, the correct option is (B).
 Key Point
The muller-Breslau principle is a method to determine influence lines. The principle states that
the influence lines of an action (force or moment) assumes the scaled from of the deflection or
displacement.
This principle also states that “ordinate of ILD for a reactive force is given by ordinate of
elastic curve if a unit deflection is applied in the direction of reactive force.”

Q.02
Ans(A)
 Key Point
Muller Breslau principle in structural analysis is used for drawing ILD for any force function
such as reaction, SF or BM.
Q.03
Ans(B)

1. ILD for reaction at ‘A’.

2. ILD for shear force at ‘B’.
3. ILD for S.F. at just left of ‘C’.
4. ILD for S.F. at just right of ‘C’.
Hence, the influence line pertains to shear force at B , VB .
Hence, the correct option is (B).
Q.04
Ans(A)

Hence, the correct option is (A).

 Key Point

Q.05
Ans(200)
Using Muller Breslau principle, ILD for moment at ‘C’.
Giving unit rotation at C,

 Key Point
Influence line for CD will not occur because it will be a curve and since the beam is determinate,
curve cannot take place.
 = tan 450
BB '
tan 450 = 1 =
BC
BB ' = BC = 4
Hence, ordinate at ‘B’ = 4 m.
For maximum bending moment load should be placed at ‘B’.
Hence, M max = Load  Ordinate
M max = 50  4 = 200 kN-m
Hence, the magnitude of the maximum bending moment obtained at the support C will be equal to
200 kN-m.

Chapter 5
Trusses
Q.01
Ans(A)
From equilibrium of forces,
 Fx = 0 ,
 H1 = 0
 Fy = 0 ,
R1 + R2 = P
Taking moment about joint ‘A’
MA = 0,
R2  2 L − P  L = 0
P
 R1 =
2
P
 R1 = [From equation (i)]
2
Considering joint ‘B’,

 Fx = 0 ,
Fc = 0
and  Fy = 0 ,
Fb − P / 2 = 0
P
Fb = (Compressive)
2
At joint ‘D’ member ‘a’ and the load P are in the
Same vertical line.
 Fa = P (Compressive)
Fa = P
Fb = P / 2
Fc = 0
Hence, the correct option is (A).
Q.02
Ans(B)

From the concept of zero force member at joint E, AE and EB are collinear and ED is third member
is non-collinear also no loading at joint E.
Hence FDE = 0
Hence, the correct option is (B).
Q.03
Ans(B)

As the temperature increases in bar ‘BD’, it will

Expand. But the joints B and D will offer resistance, Hence the bar ‘BD’ will be compression.
At joint D there is roller support which will allow the member AD to elongate. Hence member
‘AD’ will be in tension.
Using joint equilibrium forces and their nature can be found out in other members.
Hence, the correct option is (B).
Q.04
Ans(A)
For force equilibrium
 Fy = 0,
R1 + R2 = 180 kN …(i)
Taking moment about ' t0 '
 M L0 = 0 ,
R2  24 − 180  8 = 0
180
R2 =
3
And R1 = 120 [From equation (i)]
Applying method of section, truss is cut into two parts from X-X section.

 Key Point
If three members meet at a point out of which, two are collinear and the third member which is
non-collinear will carry zero force, provided that there is no external loading at that joint.
Then left portion is,

Force equilibrium in y-direction,

 Fy = 0 ,
120 − 180 + FL3M 2 sin θ = 0
 3 
sin θ = 5 , From figure 
 3
FL3M 2  = 60
5
FL3M 2 = 100 kN(T)
Since M 2 L4 is a zero force member
 Fi3m2 = Fm2u4 = 100 kN (T)
Hence, the correct option is (A).
Q.05(a)
Ans(C)
According to question,

[where ¨ denotes zero force member]

From the concept of zero force member the above truss can be reduced to

Considering joint B :
 Fy = 0 ,
 RD + RB = P
P
From symmetry RD = RB =
2
Cutting the section X-X and considering joint
‘B’ i.e. right side of section X-X
 Fy = 0 ,
P
− FCB sin 450 + =0
2
P
FCB =
2
and  Fx = 0 ,
− FDB + FCB cos 450 = 0
 FDB = FCB cos 450
P 1  P 
FDB =   FCB =
2 2  2 
P
FDB =
2
P
Where, FDB = FAB = .
2
Hence, the correct option is (C).

Q.05(b)
Ans(A)

and
Using unit load method,
Deflection at any point is given by
PK L
= i i i
Ai Ei
Where, Pi = Load in each member due to applied load
Ki = Load in each member due to unit load.
Assuming tensile force positive and compressive force as negative
Member P K L PKL

DC P 1 2L PL
− −
2 2 2
CB P 1 2L PL
− −
2 2 2
DB P 1 2L PL
+
2 2 2
2 PL PL
 PKL = +
2 2
 PKL
Then,  C =
AE
[ E = Constant throughout the section]
PL  2 1 
C = +
AE  2 2 
 2 2 + 1  PL
  C =  
 2  AE
Hence, the correct option is (A).
Q.06
Ans(D)
Fx = 0 , H R = 135
 Fy = 0 , VP = VR
Taking moment about point P,
 MP = 0 ,
135  6 − VR  45 = 0
 VR = 180 kN and VP = 180 kN .
Considering joint Q,

  
θ = tan −1  
 4.5 
θ = 53.130
 Fx = 0 ,
FPQ cos53.130 = 135
FPQ = 225 kN (Tensile)
and  Fy = 0 ,
FPQ sin 53.130 = FRQ
FRQ = 180 kN (compressive)
Considering joint ‘R’
 Fx = 0 ,
FPR − H R = 0
FPR = 135kN (Compression)
Force in each member due to unit load

 Fx = 0 ,
H R −1 = 0
H R = 1kN
 Fy = 0 ,
VP = VR
Taking moment about joint ‘P’
 MP = 0 ,
1 6 − VR  45 = 0
VR = 1.33kN and VP = 1.33kN
Considering joint ‘Q’

 Fx = 0 ,
FPQ cos53.130 = 1
 FPQ = 1.67 kN (Tensile)
 Fy = 0 ,
FRQ = Fpa sin 53.13 = 1.33kN
(Compression)
and FPR = 1kN (Compressive)
[ FPR = H R = 1]
[Assuming tensile force as + ve and compressive force as −ve ]
Member P K L PKL
PQ 225 1.67 7.5 2818.125

QR –180 –1.33 6 1436.4

PR –135 –1 4.5 607.5

 PKL = 4862.025
Deflection at ‘Q’
 PKL
Q =
AE
4862.025 103
Q =
1550 10−6  2 1011
Q = 0.01568 m = 15.68 mm
Hence, the correct option is (D).

Q.07
Ans(C)

By method of section, truss is cut at X-X section

Now considering joint R,
 Fy = 0 ,
P − FTR sin 450 = 0
 FTR = 2P …(i)
 Fx = 0 ,
FQR − FTR cos 450 = 0
1
FQR = 2 P  [From equation (i)]
2
FQR = P
Hence, the correct option is (C).

Q.08
Ans(0)

From concept of zero force member

FQR and FQV are zero force member.
Taking moment about point ‘V’ from right side.
 MV = 0
R1  8 − 15  4 − 15  4 = 0
R1 = 15kN
Now from method of section,

Considering right side of section X-X,

Taking moment about point ‘U’,

FRS  4 − 15  4 + R1  4 = 0
FRS = 15  4 − 15  4 = 0
Hence, FRS = 0

Q.09
Ans(A)
 Fy = 0 ,

RQ + RR = 80 kN …(i)
Taking moment about point ‘R’,
80  3 − RQ  2 = 0

 RQ = 120 kN
From equation (i),
RR = −40 kN
Considering point ‘P’,

 Fx = 0 ,
− FPQ sin14.030 + FPR cos53.130 = 0
FPR = 0.404 FPQ …(ii)
 Fy = 0 ,

FPQ cos14.030 − FPR sin 53.130 − 80 = 0

 FPQ  cos14.030 −(0.404FPQ )sin 53.130 = 80
[From equation (ii)]
0.647 FPQ = 80
FPQ = 123.65 kN
Now, considering joint ‘Q’,

 Fx = 0 ,
FQR + FPQ sin14.03 = 0
FQR = −30.00 = −30 kN (Compressive)
Hence, the correct option is (A).

Q.10
Ans(A)

 Fx = 0 ,
HB = 0
 Fy = 0 ,

VB + VC = P …(i)
Taking moment about ‘B’
Vc  2 L − P  2 L = 0
Vc = P
And VB = 0 [From equation (i)]
Hence, the correct option is (A).

Q.11
Ans(A)

From the concept of zero force member FT , TG , HU, MP, PL are the members which do not
carry any force.
Hence, the correct option is (A).
 Key Point
If three members meet at a joint out of which two are collinear and the third member which is
non-linear will carry zero force, provided that there is no external loading at that joint.
Q.12
Ans(C)
Given : A = 0.05m 2 , L = 1m
E = 30 106 N/m 2 and W = 100 kN

Considering joint ‘S’

 Key Point
We can also apply Lami’s rule,
100 FSR FSQ
0
= 0
=
sin 90 sin135 sin135
 Fx = 0 ,
FSQ = FSR
 Fy = 0 ,

FSQ sin 450 + FSR sin 450 = 100

1
2 FSQ  = 100
2
FSQ = 50 2

And FSR = 50 2
Considering joint ‘Q’

 Fy = 0

FQP sin 450 − FSQ sin 450 = 0

FQP = FSQ = 50 2
 Fx = 0 ,
FQR + FQP cos 450 + FSQ cos 450 = 0
1 1
FQR = −50 2  − 50 2 
2 2
 FQR = −100 kN (compressive)
FQR 100
Stress QR = = = 1000 kN/m2
(2 A) 2  0.05
Due to compressive force member QR will go
Under shortening
PL FQR  LQR
QR = =
AE (2 A) E
100  ( 2 1) 103
= = 0.0471m
2  0.05  30 106
Hence, the correct option is (C).
Q.13
Ans(D)

At joint ' B ' ,

FAB = P and FBC = 0
At joint ' D ' ,
FDC = P (Tensile)
and FDA = 0
There is no component of forces in AC direction hence
FAC = 0
Hence, there are 2 members in tension and 3 zero force members.
Q.14
Ans(B)
From the concept of zero force member
If three members meet at a joint out of which two are collinear and the third member which is non-
collinear will carry zero force, provided that there is no external loading at that joint.
Hence, FG, FI , RS and PR are zero force members.
Hence, the correct option is (B).