Chapter -1

Q.1 D
As per IS456, Table No.-18 factored loads at the limit state of collapse for given load combinations
are :
Limit state of collapse

Load Combinations DL IL WL

DL  IL 1.5 1.5 -

DL  WL 1.5 or - 1.5
* 0.9
DL  IL  WL 1.2 1.2 1.2

Limit state of serviceability

Load Combinations DL IL WL
DL  IL 1.0 1.0 -

DL  WL 1.0 - 1.0

DL  IL  WL 1.0 0.8 0.8

* This value 0.9 is considered for the stability

against overturning or when stress reversal is
critical.
Hence, the correct option is (D).

2Ans. (B)
As per IS456:2000, clause 36.4.2.1,
When assessing the strength of a structure or structural member for the limit stale of collapse,
the values of partial safety factor (  m ) should be taken as 1.5 for concrete and 1.15 for steel.
Hence, the correct option is (B).

Q.3 C

As per IS456:2000, clause 36.4.2.1,

When assessing the strength of a structure or structural member for the limit stale of collapse, the values
of partial safety factor (  m ) should be taken as 1.5 for concrete and 1.15 for steel.
Hence, the correct option is (A).

Q.4 A

Given : Grade of concrete = M30

Characteristic compressive strength of concrete = 30 N/mm 2
To find : Flexural strength of M30 concrete = ?
As per clause 6.2.2, IS 456: 2000,
Flexural strength (or modulous of rupture or tensile strength) of concrete,
fcr  0.7 fck  0.7 30  3.83 MPa
Hence, the correct option is (A).

Q.5 D

As per clause 8.2.8 of IS 456 : 2000, Concrete in sea water or exposed directly along the sea coast
shall be at least M 20 grade in the case of plain concrete and M 30 in case of reinforced concrete. The use
of slag or pozzolana cement is advantageous under such conditions.
Hence, the correct option is (D).

Q.6 C

As per IS456:2000, clause 36.4.2.1,

When assessing the strength of a structure or structural member for the limit stale of collapse, the values
of partial safety factor (  m ) should be taken as 1.5 for concrete and 1.15 for steel.
Hence, the correct option is (C).

Q.7 D

As per clause 6.2.2 mentioned in IS456: 2000,

Modulus of rupture of concrete in terms of its characteristic cube compressive strength,
fcr  0.7 fck
Where, f ck  Characteristic compressive strength of concrete in N/mm2  MPa 
f cr  Modulus of rupture (or flexural strength of concrete) in N/mm2  MPa 
Hence, the correct option is (D).

Q.8 D
As per the assumption of limit state of collapse in flexure mentioned in clause 38.1, IS456:2000,
The maximum strain in the tension reinforcement in the section at failure shall not be less than,
fy
 0.002
1.15Es
Where, f y  Characteristic strength of steel
Es  Modulous of elasticity of steel
Hence, the correct option is (D).
Q.9

Q.10 0.097

The structure may fail when :

(i) The load exceeds the design load.
(ii) The strength is less than the characteristic strength.
(iii) Both the load exceeds the design load and strength is less than the characteristic strength. The
probability of load exceeding design load = 5 %.
(iv) The probability of strength less than characteristic strength = 5 %.
 The probability of failure
 0.05 0.95  0.05 0.95  0.05 0.05
 0.0975
Hence, the probability of failure of a structure is 0.0975.

Chapter – 2

Q.1 D

In the limit state method for design of beams, the limiting value of the depth of neutral axis
x u , ma x  in a reinforced concrete depends on the grade of steel used in the beam.
Hence, the correct option is (D).

Q.2 C
Modulus of elasticity of concrete,
E  5000 f ck
E  5000 25  25,000 N/mm2
M  E
  
I y R
1  5.8
  
R Ey E xu
5.8
Curvature   4 10 6 per mm
58  25000
 Curvature  4 10 6 per mm
Hence, the correct option is (C).
Q.3 B

As per the assumptions of limit state method in IS456:2000,

For a singly reinforced beam,the plain section remains plain after bending also.Hence, according to that,
the variation of strain is linear and that of stress is non-linear, as shown in the figure.

Hence, the correct option is (B).

Q.4

Q.5

Q.6
12 (a) Ans (C)
Given : Width of beam, b = 150mm
Effective depth of beam, d = 330mm
Characteristic compressive strength of concrete, f ck  20 MPa
Characteristic tensile strength of steel, f y  415 MPa
 Limiting depth of Neutral axis, xu max  0.48d
To find : Limiting moment of resistance of beam, M u lim  ?
Solution :
Step 1 : Calculate limiting depth of neutral axis ( xu max )  ?
According to Question,
xu max  0.48 d  0.48  330  158.4mm
Step 2 : As per clause G  1.1, ANNEX-G, IS456: 2000,
Limiting value of moment of resistance of the beam, M u lim
 x   x  
 0.36  u max   1  0.42 u max   f cxbd 2 
  d   d  
  158.4    158.4  
 0.36    1  0.42  
  330    330  

 20 150  (330) 2 

 45072681.98 Nmm
 45072681.98 106 kNm
45.07 kNm
Hence, the correct option is (C).
12 b Ans (A)
To find : Limiting area of tensile steel, Ast  ?
As per IS456; 2000,
Limiting moment of resistance of the section,
M u lim  Tensileforce×Lever
45.07 106  0.87 f y Ast (d  0.42 xu max )
45.07 106  0.87  415 Ast (330  0.42 158.4)
Ast  473.79 mm 2 473.8mm 2
2
Hence limiting area of tensile steel will be 473.8mm .
Hence, the correct option is (A).
13 Ans. (2)
Given : Width of beam , b = 230mm
Effective depth of beam, d = 500mm
Diameter of bars,   12 mm
Grade of steel bars = Fe 500
Characteristics strength of bars, f y  500 N/mm
2

To find : Number of steel bars required, n  ?

Solution :
Step-1 : Calculate minimum area of tension reinforcement  Ast  ,
As per clause 26.5.1.1 mentioned in IS456:2000,
 Minimum area of tension reinforcement shall not be less than that value given by the
following,
Ast 0.85

bd fy
0.85  230  500
Ast   195.5mm2
500
Step-2 : Calculate number of steel bars required (n),
Minimum area of tension reinforcement,

Ast  n  2
4

195.5  n  122
4
n  1.729 2 bars
Hence, providing, 12 diameter of 2 Nos. to satisfy minimum tension reinforcement
requirement as specified by IS456:2000.
12 (a) Ans (C)

Given : Width of beam, b = 150mm

Effective depth of beam, d = 330mm

fck  20 MPa
Characteristic compressive strength of concrete,

f y  415 MPa
Characteristic tensile strength of steel,

xu max  0.48d
Limiting depth of Neutral axis,

M u lim  ?
To find : Limiting moment of resistance of beam,

Solution :

( xu max )  ?
Step 1 : Calculate limiting depth of neutral axis

According to Question,

xu max  0.48 d  0.48  330  158.4mm

Step 2 : As per clause G  1.1, ANNEX-G, IS456: 2000,

M u lim
Limiting value of moment of resistance of the beam,

 x   xu max  2
 0.36  u max   1  0.42   f cxbd 
  d   d  
   158.4    158.4  
 0.36    1  0.42  
  330    330  


 20 150  (330) 2 

 45072681.98 Nmm

 45072681.98 106 kNm

45.07 kNm

Hence, the correct option is (C).

12 b Ans (A)

To find : Limiting area of tensile steel,

Ast  ?

As per IS456; 2000,

Limiting moment of resistance of the section,

M u lim  Tensileforce×Lever

45.07 106  0.87 f y Ast (d  0.42 xu max )

45.07 106  0.87  415 Ast (330  0.42 158.4)

Ast  473.79 mm 2 473.8mm 2

2
Hence limiting area of tensile steel will be 473.8mm .

Hence, the correct option is (A).

13 Ans. (2)

Given : Width of beam , b = 230mm

Effective depth of beam, d = 500mm

Diameter of bars,   12 mm

Grade of steel bars = Fe 500

f y  500 N/mm2
Characteristics strength of bars,

To find : Number of steel bars required, n  ?

Solution :

Step-1 : Calculate minimum area of tension reinforcement

 Ast  ,
As per clause 26.5.1.1 mentioned in IS456:2000,

Minimum area of tension reinforcement shall not be less than that value given by the
following,

Ast 0.85

bd fy

0.85  230  500

Ast 
500  195.5mm2

Step-2 : Calculate number of steel bars required (n),

Minimum area of tension reinforcement,


Ast  n  2
4

195.5  n  122
4

n  1.729 2 bars

Hence, providing, 12 diameter of 2 Nos. to satisfy minimum tension reinforcement

requirement as specified by IS456:2000.

15Ans. (0.17)
Given : Grade of steel = Fe500
Characteristic strength of steel, f y  500 N/mm2

To find : Minimum percentage of tension reinforcement, p % =?

As per IS456:2000,clause 26.5.1.1,
The minimum area of tension reinforcement shall not be less than the following:
As 0.85

bd fy
As 85
100 
bd fy
85
 Percentage of steel, p% 
fy
Hence, minimum percentage of steel for Fe 500 grade steel,
 85 85
p%    0.17 %
f y 500
Hence, the minimum percentage of tension reinforcement (up to two decimal places) required in
reinforced concrete beams of rectangular cross-section (considering effective depth in the
calculation of area) using Fe 500 grade steel is 0.17%.
20 Ans(*)
The width-to-thickness ratio limitations on the plate elements under compression in steel members are
imposed by IS : 800 - 1984 in order to avoid buckling at local points.
Statement (2) is wrong because strain in compression reinforcement and adjoining concrete is same to
maintain compatibility.
Hence, the correct option is (*).s
21Ans.(A)

Due to presence of more compression steel in section Y, NA of section of Y is above than as of X. It means
Y is more under-reinforced than X so ductility of Y is more.
Since compression steel of Y is more so flexure resistance of X is less than as of Y.
Hence, the correct option is (A).

23Ans (D)

Given : Thickness of slab,  t (or D f )

Span of continuous beam  L
Width of continuous beam (or width of web)  B(or bw )
Distance between two points of contraflexure
(or points of zero moments) in the beam  L0 (or l0 )
To find : Effective width of compression flange at a continuous support, b f  ?
Solution : As per clause 23.1.2, IS 456 : 2000,
For T-beams,effective width of flange at a continuous support is,
L0
b f  B  6t 
6
 But, in no case this value shall be greater than,
  Sum of clear distances to the  
  
 B   adjacent beams an either side  
  2  
Hence, the correct option is (D).
24Ans. (A)
As per IS456, in the absence of more accurate determination, the effective width of flange b f  for T-
beams may be taken as the following:
l0
bf   bw  6 D f
6
Hence, the correct option is (A).

25 Ans. (A)
Given :
Effective span of beam, l0  6 m = 6000 mm
Overall depth of beam, D  600 mm
Width of flange, b  1000 mm
Width of web (or rib), bw  300 mm
Thickness of flange, D f  150 mm
To find : Effective width of flange, b f  ?
Solution :
As per clause 23.1.2 mentioned in IS 456: 2000,
For isolated T-beams, the effective flange width shall be obtained as below but in no case greater
than the actual width:
 l0 
bf     bw
 l0 
 4
 b  
 6000 
bf  
 6000    300  900 mm
 4
  1000  
Hence, the correct option is (A).
28 Ans (B)
As per clause 6.1.1 mentioned in IS456:2000,
The characteristic strength of a material is that value of strength, below which not more than 5% of the
test results are expected to lie (fall). The characteristic strength of concrete is the 28 days cube
compressive strength in N/mm 2 and is denoted by f c k .The graph shows the clause defined in the code.

Hence, the correct option is (B).

29 Ans.(C)
 The compressive strength of concrete cube specimen is determined by applying uniaxial
compressive force through UTM (Universal Testing Machine).
 Ideally, in uni-axial compression there is no lateral restraint, but, lateral restraint develops
due to the friction between the end faces of the concrete specimen & the platens of the
testing machine. This is called platen restraint.
 The contact area of a standard cube mould with the upper platen in the testing machine
is more which results in more confinement(or restrainment).
 As the cube have a four confined ends, which means concrete cube takes more load as
compared to cylinder having no confined ends and hence is liable for easy failure.
 Thus, it can be concluded that, the platen restraint helps in increasing the compressive
strength of the concrete cube specimen.
 Greater the height/width ratio, lesser the effect of this platen restraint on the compressive
strength of the concrete cube and vice-versa.
 Therefore, the strength of standard cylindrical concrete specimen (height to width ratio=2)
is lower than that of standard concrete cube specimen (height to width ratio=1).
 As per Indian standards the ratio between cube strength and cylinder strength is
commonly assumed to be 1.25, but it is not constant.
Hence, the correct option is (C).

30 Ans.(D)
When the number of cubes are tested for the same sample of concrete, the number of test results that
are likely to fall below the target strength (or mean strength or target mean strength) are related to
standard deviation () and the relationship is given by the following equation,
Target strength (or target mean strength),
f m  f ck  k ()
Fig. Normal distribution curve
Since, as per clause 6.1.1 mentioned in IS456:2000,
The characteristic strength is defined as that value of strength of material, below which not more than 5%
of the test results are expected to fall, so in this case, the value of k will be 1.65. Hence the equation will
become,
Target mean strength, f m  f ck  1.65()
Where, f ck  Characteristic cube compressive strength of concrete (in N/mm 2 )
  Standard deviation
k  Constant depending on the probability of certain number of results likely to fall below f ck
Hence, the correct option is (D).

Chapter – 3

Q.1 D

In shear design of a RCC beam as per IS456:2000, there is a provision of two checks for the value
of nominal shear stress (v ) . They are :

(i) Check for allowable shear strength of concrete (c )

(ii) Check for maximum permissible shear stress ( c max )

As per clause 40.2.3, IS456:2000,
Under no circumstances even with shear reinforcement, shall the value of nominal shear stress, v
exceeds maximum permissible shear stress, c max .
This clause is provided to check the beam for the diagonal compression failure.
If in any case v exceeds c max .i.e., v  c max , then the beam should be redesigned because it is weak in
shear and may fail due to crushing by diagonal compression.
Hence, the correct option is (D).

Q.2

Q.3 8.20

Given :
Factored shear force, Vu  200 kN  200 10 N
3

Width of beam, b  250 mm  0.25 m

Effective depth of beam, d  350 mm  0.35 m
Design shear strength of concrete, c  0.62 N/mm
2

Maximum allowable shear stress in concrete, c max  2.8 N/mm2

Two legged vertical stirrups having diameter,   10 mm
To find: Required spacing of shear reinforcement, Sv  ?
Solution:
As per clause 40.1, mentioned in IS456: 2000,
Nominal shear stress in beam,
Vu
V 
bd
200 103
V   2.286 N/mm 2
250  350
 V  c max
Hence, OK (as per clause 40.2.3, IS46: 2000)
But, V  c , therefore, from clause 40.4, IS456: 2000,
Shear reinforcement would carry a shear force,
Vus  Vu  c bd
Vus  V bd  cbd  (V  c )bd
Vus  (2.286  0.62)  250  350
Vus  145775 N  145.775 kN
 For vertical stirrups, strength of shear reinforcement,
0.87 f y Asv d
Vus 
SV
0.87 f y Asv d
Sv 
Vus
  
0.87  250   2   (10) 2   350
Sv   4 
145775
Sv  82.03 mm 8.20 cm
Hence, the required spacing (up to one decimal place) as per limit state method will be 8.20 cm.

11 Ans.(*)
 Given :
Nominal diameter of reinforcing bar  
Compressive stress in the bar  f s

Design bond stress of concrete  fbd

Anchorage length  La
To find : Anchorage length of straight bar in compression, La =?
Solution:
As per clause 26.2.1 mentioned in IS456: 2000,
The development length ( Ld or La ) is given by,
According to question,
f s
La 
4 f bd
“The straight bar is in compression”
Hence, as per clause 26.2.1 mentioned in IS456: 2000,
For bars in compression, the values of bond stress for bars in tension shall be increased by 25%.i.e., f bd
will become 1.25 fbd as per IS456:2000.
Hence, anchorage length of straight bar in compression will be,
f s f
 La   s
4  (1.25 fbd ) 5 fbd
Hence, the correct option is (*).
12 Ans.(B)
Shear force Vu
Bond stress  bd 
Total perimeter of steel bars  Lever arm (n ) jd
bd should be less than permissible value, if it is greater than (bd ) permissible then best economical solution
is to reduce the diameter of bar and increase is number such that there is no change in Ast.
Hence, the correct option is (B).s

Chapter – 4

1 Ans (D)
As per clause 2.5.1, IS456:1978,
The deflection of beams and slabs would generally be within the permissible limits, if the ratio of span to
effective depth of the member does not exceed the values obtained in accordance with clause 22.2.1 of
the code. The following basic values of span to effective depth are given :
 Span to
Type of beam effective depth
ratio
Simply supported 20
Continuous 26
Cantilever 7
Hence, the correct option is (D).

Chapter – 5

Q.1 D

As per clause 32.5, IS456:2000,

(a) For deformed bars up to bar
diameter 16 mm :
 Minimum reinforcement in the
vertical direction = 0.0012 
gross area
 Minimum reinforcement in the
horizontal direction = 0.0020 
gross area
Hence, ratio of minimum reinforce-
ment
0.0012 3
=   3:5
0.0020 5
(b) For other types of bars :
 Minimum reinforcement in the
vertical direction = 0.0015
 Minimum reinforcement in the
horizontal direction = 0.0025
Hence, ratio of minimum reinforce-
ment
0.0015 3
=   3:5
0.0025 5
Hence, the correct option is (D).
Q.2 9
Grade of concrete = M30  f ck  30 N/mm 2 
Grade of steel = Fe500  f y  500 N/mm 2 
To find : Bearing strength of concrete (in N/mm2) =?
Solution:
As per IS 456 : 2000,
Permissible bearing stress in concrete
 0.446 fck  0.446  20  9N/mm 2
Hence, the bearing strength of concrete in limit state method of design as per IS 456 : 2000 is 9
N/mm2.
Q.3 918.1
Given :
Grade of concrete = M20  f ck  20 N/mm 2 
Grade of steel = Fe415  f y  415 N/mm 2 

Dimension of column =  250 mm  300 mm 

Number of bars in longitudinal reinforcement, n = 4
Diameter of bars,   16 mm
Neglecting eccentricity effect.
To find : Axial load carrying capacity on the column, Puz  ?
Solution :
Gross area of the column section,
Ag  250  300  75000 mm2
Area of steel,

Asc  4  162  804.25 mm 2
4
 Area of concrete,
Ac  Ag  Asc
Ac  75000  804.25  74195.75 mm 2
Here, the eccentricity effect is neglected for the column. Hence, as per clause 39.6, IS456:2000,
Axial load carrying capacity on the column,
Puz  0.45 f ck Ac  0.75 f y Asc
Puz  0.45  20  74195.75  0.75  415  804.25
Puz  918084.563 N 918.1 kN

Hence, the axial load carrying capacity of the column up to one decimal place is 918.1 kN.

8 Ans (C)
As per IS 456,
1. For slabs minimum cover to outside of the main bars (main reinforcement) shall not be less than
the following:
(a) 15 mm (b) Diameter of the main bars
2. For beams, at each end of the reinforcing bars, the cover shall not be less than 25 mm or less than
twice the diameter of main bars (main reinforcement).
3. The minimum cover to a column reinforcement shall be 40 mm or diameter of bar whichever is
greater.
4. The minimum cover to a footing reinforcement shall be 50 mm
Hence, the correct option is (C).

Chapter – 6

Q.1 C

Given : Area of prestressed concrete beam, A  46400 mm2

Moment of inertia, I  75.8 107 mm4
Distance of top fiber of beam from the centroidal axis, ytop  156 mm
Distance of bottom fiber of beam from the centroidal axis, ybottom  244 mm
Final stress or stress at the top fiber, f  0
To find : Eccentricity of the section, e  ?
Solution :
Let, M  Bending moment at any point
P  Prestressed force
Final stress at any point,
P Pe M
ftop /bottom  
A Z Z
 Stress at the top fiber,
P Pe
ftop   ytop [M  0]
A I
 P Pe  1 e  ytop 
0  ytop  P   
A I A I 
1 e
 0  156
46, 400 75.8 107
 Eccentricity of the section, e  104.72 mm
Hence, the correct option is (C).
Q.2 B
In case of multiple wire post-tensioning, usually tendons are not stretched simultaneously.
Moreover, the first tendon that is stretched is shortened by the subsequent stretching of all the other
tendons, and the last tendon is not shortened by any subsequent stretching. Therefore in multiple
wire, stress loss of prestressing is more.
Hence, the correct option is (B).
Q.3 D

For fully counteract, the effect of external load

Bending moment at mid-span, M  Pe cos 
M
 Prestressing force, P 
e cos 
Hence, prestressing force (P) depends upon bending moment (M) and eccentricity (e).
Hence, the correct option is (D).
Q.4 A
Given :
Dimension of beam   300 mm  900 mm
Initial prestressing force
P  700 kN  700 103 N
Eccentricity e  350 mm
To find : Stress at top fiber due to prestress force, ftop  ?
Solution :
Section modulous,
I bd 2
Z 
y 6
300  9002
Z  405 105 mm4
6
Area of cross-section of beam,
A  300  900  270000 mm2

Final stress at any point,

P Pe M
ftop /bottom  
A Z Z
 Stress at top fiber due to prestress force,
P Pe
ftop   [M  0]
A Z
 700 103   700 103  350 
ftop    
 270000   405 10
5

ftop   3.46 N/mm2 (tensile)
Hence, the correct option is (A).
Q.5 D
As per the code of practice IS 1343: 1980,
(a) Minimum characteristic strength of prestressed concrete for post tensioned work =30 MPa
(a) Minimum characteristic strength of prestressed concrete for pre-tensioned work =40 MPa
Hence, the correct option is (D).
Q.6 A
Given :
Dimension of beam =  200mm  400mm 
Prestressing force P  400 kN  400 103 N
Eccentricity e  100 mm
To find : Maximum normal compressive stress in concrete, f max  ?
Solution :
Section modulous,
bd 2 200  4002
Z 
6 6
Z  5333333.33 mm4
Area of cross-section of beam,
A  200  400  80000 mm2
 Maximum compressive stress
P Pe  y P Pe
f max    
A I A Z
400 10 400 103 100
3
f max  
80000 5333333.33
f max  5  7.5  12.5 N/mm 2
Hence, the correct option is (A).
Q.7 A
Given : Width of beam, b  120 mm
Depth of beam, d  200 mm
Effective force, P  150 kN  150 103 N
Eccentricity, e  20 mm
To find :
(i) Stress at the top fiber, ftop  ?
(ii) Stress at the bottom fiber, fbottom  ?
Solution :

Section modulous,
bd 2 120  2002
Z   800000 mm4
6 6
Area of cross-section of beam,
A  120  200  24000 mm2
Stress at any point on the beam is given by,
 P Pe M
ftop /bottom  
A Z Z
Then, maximum stresses will be calculated as,
(i) Maximum compressive stress at top fiber of beam,
P Pe  ytop P Pe
ftop    
A I A Z
150 10 150 103  20
3
ftop  
24000 800000
ftop  6.25  3.75  2.5 N/mm 2
(Compression)
(ii) Maximum compressive stress at bottom fiber of beam,
P Pe  ybottom P Pe
fbottom    
A I A Z
fbottom  6.25  3.75  10 N//mm2
(Compression)
Hence, the correct option is (A).
Q.8 B
Given :
Dimension of beam   200 mm  250 mm
Area of tendons Ast  500 mm 2
Prestress in tendons 1000 N/mm 2
Modular ratio m  10
To find : Stress in concrete, f  ?
Solution :
Compressive force in steel
 Ast  f st
 500 103  5 105 N
Area of section in terms of concrete
 A  (m  1) Ast
 (200  250)  (10  1)  500
 54500 mm2
 Stress in concrete
P 5 105
   9.17 N/mm2
A 54500
Closest answer is 9N/mm 2 .
Hence, the correct option is (B).
Q.9 D
 As per Indian standard code of practice for prestressed concrete IS : 1343 - 1980,
(a) Minimum grades of concrete to be used for post-tensioned structural elements = M 30
(b) Minimum grades of concrete to be used for pre-tensioned structural elements=M 40.
Hence, the correct option is (D).
10 Ans (C)

Q.11 B

Given : Eccentricity, e  145 mm

Prestressing force at service
P  1620 kN  1620 103 N
Uniformly distributed load, w  45 kN/m
To find : Stress in the bottom fiber at mid span, f  ?
Solution :
Section modulous,
bd 2 500  7502
Z 
6 6
Z  46.875 10 mm36

wl 2 45  7.32
M   299.76 kNm
8 8
 Stress at bottom fiber at mid span,
P Pe M
f   
A Z Z
1620 10 1620 103 145
3
f  
500  750 46.875 106
 299.76 106

46.875 106
f  4.32  5.01  6.39  2.94 N/mm2
(Compressive)
Hence, the correct option is (B).

Chapter – 7
11 Ans (A)

A. Resonant frequency test is used to find out dynamic modulus of elasticity whereas destructive
test like cube test etc. measures the static modulus of elasticity.
B. Rebound hammer test is a non-destructive test used to find out compressive strength of concrete.
C. Split cylinder test is used to find out the direct tensile strength of concrete.
D. Compaction factor test is used to measure the workability of concrete.
Hence, the correct option is (A).
13 Ans (D)
I. In Vee-Bee test, the workability of concrete is measured in terms of time or Vee-Bee time(in
seconds) and this is the time necessary for the complete remoulding of concrete, which is placed
over a vibrating table & kept under vibration. Hence, if the water content is high in the mix then
the mix is said to be workable and will take less time to remould and causes the slump value to
increase, through vibration. Hence, as the slump value increases, the Vee-Bee time decreases.
The Vee-Bee test is not suitable for measuring the mobility of concrete of higher workability.
II. The compaction factor test is carried out to measure the degree of workability of fresh concrete
through its compaction and is given by,
Compaction factor
Weight of partially compacted concrete

Weight of fully compacted concrete
As the slump value increases, water content increases i.e., workability increases, hence,
compaction factor also increases
Hence, the correct option is (D).
26 Ans(A)
An air-entraining agent introduces air in the form of bubbles that occupy up to 5% of the volume concrete
distributed uniformly throughout cement paste. Thus, for the same amount of water-cement ratio, we
get higher workability.
Hence, the correct option is (A).
OR
The purpose of adding air entrainment in concrete is to protect it from cracks due to freezing and thawing
cycles.Thus, for the same amount of water-cement ratio, we get higher workability.
Hence, the correct option is (A).