NZGS Static Settlement Poster V4

You might also like

Download as pdf or txt
Download as pdf or txt
You are on page 1of 1

NZGS GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING BASICS AUTHOR: Wendy Weng (Aurecon)

STATIC NZGS
SETTLEMENT
GEOTECHNICAL REFERENCE GUIDE: REVIEWERS: Dr Frantisek (Frank) Havel (Auckland
Council), Dan Sandilands (Aurecon)
NZGS GEOTECHNICAL REFERENCE GUIDE:
NZGS STATIC SETTLEMENT
NZGSGEOTECHNICAL
GEOTECHNICALREFERENCE
REFERENCEGUIDE:
GUIDE:
Author: Wendy Weng (Aurecon) STATIC SETTLEMENT
Reviewers: Dr Frantisek (Frank) Havel (Auckland Council) Dan Sandilands (Aurecon)
Author: Wendy Weng (Aurecon)
DISCLAIMER: This reference guide is not a standard. Reviewers:
It is a guideDrbased
Frantisek
on common
STATIC
STATICSETTLEMENT
(Frank) SETTLEMENT
Havel in(Auckland
practice Council)
New Zealand. Dan Sandilands
The recommended (Aurecon)
calculation process / analytical methods within this document are not intended to be
Author:
coded nor Author:
DISCLAIMER: Wendy
doesThis Wendy Weng
documentWeng
the reference (Aurecon)
guide (Aurecon)
is not
hold any legal Reviewers:
Reviewers:
a standard. Dr Frantisek
guideDr
It is /astanding.
requirement based
Theon (Frank)
Frantisek (Frank)
common
applicability Havel
ofHavel
practice(Auckland
(Auckland
in New
this guide Council)
Council)
Zealand. The
to settlement Dan Sandilands
DaninSandilands
recommended
analyses (Aurecon)
(Aurecon)
calculation
New Zealand process
requires / analytical
engineering methodsand
judgement within this documentassessment.
project-specific are not intended to be
It shall be
1. PRELIMINARY
DISCLAIMER:
DISCLAIMER: This
coded nor does the
This
APPRAISAL
reference
documentguide
reference holdisany
guide not
is nota standard.
legal It is
requirement
a standard.
2.
It is
REQUIRED
a /guide based
astanding.
noted
guide that
basedonon
The
this
SOIL
common
applicability
guide does
common
PARAMETERS
practice
of this
not
practicein New
guide
cover in thetoZealand.
New The
settlement
settlement
Zealand.
3.ofinSTAGES
recommended
analyses
behavior
The recommendedNew
non ZealandOF
orcalculation
partially
DESIGN
process
requires
calculation /soils. PROCESS
analytical
engineering
saturated
process methods
judgement
/ analytical within
methods and this 4. DESIGN
document
project-specific
within this document are not REQUIREMENTS
intended
assessment.
are not to to
It shall
intended bebe
be
coded nor does the document hold any legal requirement / standing. The applicability of of
this guide to to
settlement analyses
coded nor does
1. Preliminary the document
Appraisal hold any legal requirement noted that
2./ Required
standing. Thethis
Soil guide does
applicability
Parameters not cover
this the
guide settlement
settlement
3. Stagesinof
behavior
analyses New
ofinnon
NewZealand
orZealand
Design requires
partially
Process engineering
saturated
requires soils. judgement
engineering and
judgement project-specific
and
4. Design assessment.
project-specific
Requirements It shall
assessment. bebe
It shall
noted that this
noted that
2. Required guide
this does not cover the settlement behavior
guide does not cover the settlement3.behavior of
Stages ofnon
of nonor partially
Design Process
or partiallysaturated soils.
saturated soils. 4. Design Requirements
1. Preliminary Appraisal
Desktop study Introduction toSoil Parameters
settlement Simplified theories Common settlement requirements
Desktop 1. Preliminary Appraisal 2.Introduction
2.Required
to Soil Parameters
toSoil Stotal
settlement 3.3.
Stages
Stagesofof
Design
DesignProcess
Process 4.4.Design Requirements
•1. Preliminary
Desktop
study study Appraisal
Site description, site geology, Required
Introduction Parameters
settlement
Stotal
Simplified theories
Simplified theories • Design
Common Requirements
Bridge settlement
Manual – 3rdrequirements
Common Edition requirements
settlement
Introduction toto
Introduction settlement
settlement Simplified theories Common settlement
Desktop
• Site description,
•Desktop
Site study
site geology, geomorphology,
description,
study
geomorphology, site
andgeology,
topography, historical Stotal •Simplified
Conventionaltheories
• Conventional 1D1D consolidation
consolidationsettlement
settlement analysis, •Common
Bridge
Terzaghi Manual
o settlement
• Bridge
Residual – requirements
3settlement
rd Edition
requirements
Manual – 3 rd Edition
< 50 mm for
and topography, historical development and risk
• • Site description, site geology, Immediate Stotal
Consolidation Secondary (1943) (be cautious of 3D deformation and horizontal • • Bridge Manual –– 3 Rrd Edition
esidual settlement < 50 mm for roads (Table 6.1)
geomorphology,
Site description, and
site topography, historical
geology,
assessment, development and risk assessment, e.g. local settlement settlement
Consolidation settlement
• analysis,
Conventional Terzaghi 1D (1943)
consolidation (be cautious
settlement of 3D Bridge o Residual
Manual
roads –
(Table settlement
3 rd Edition
6.1) < 50 mm for
Immediate Secondary drainage effects not captured in 1D) – Residual settlement < 25 mm for shallow foundation and
geomorphology,
development
geomorphology,
council GIS and and
and topography,
risk
and
hazard assessment,
topography,
maps, historical
LINZ, e.g. local
historical
LIDAR, Si Sc
settlement
Consolidation Ss deformation
analysis, and
Terzaghi horizontal
(1943) (be drainage
cautious effects
of 3D o oResidual
roads
Residual settlement
(Table 6.1)
settlement < 50
< 25
50 mm mm forfor2.1.8)
e.g. local council GIS and hazard maps, LINZ, LiDAR, settlement
Immediate
Immediate Consolidation settlement
Secondary
Secondary – From Cc and Cr (non linear): bridge foundation (Section
development
Google Earthcouncil
development
Google
Pro GIS
Earth and
and risk
hazard
and
Pro assessment, e.g.
maps, LINZ, e.g.
risk assessment, local
LIDAR,
local Si
settlement Sc
settlement
settlement Ss
settlement not captured in 1D)
deformation and horizontal drainage effects oroads
Residual
roads
shallow (Table
–(Table 6.1)
settlement
foundation
Differential <
6.1) settlement 25
and bridgemm forfor
road and bridge (Table 6.1)
settlement settlement
council
• Historical•site Google
council GIS and
Earth
GIS
investigations, andhazard
Pro
hazard
e.g. NZGD,maps,
maps, LINZ,
availableLINZ,LIDAR,
LIDAR, Si Si Sprimary Sc S Ss Ss o From in
not captured Cc1D)and Cr (non-linear): o Residual
o shallow
foundation settlement
Residualfoundation (Sectionand
settlement < 25
2.1.8)mm
< 25bridgemm forfor
Historical site investigations, e.g. NZGD, c
Si: Time independent Sprimary settlement. Although
• Google
instrumentation Earth
data
Historical
Google
available
etc. Pro
site Pro
Earth investigations,
instrumentation e.g.
data NZGD,
etc. Sprimary
o From Cc and Cr (non-linear): oshallow
foundation
Differential foundation
• Building
shallow (Section
settlement and
Code B1/VM4
foundation and bridge
2.1.8) bridge
for road and
• Proposed developments and loadings, e.g. development
• • Historical
available site investigations,
instrumentation e.g.
data NZGD,
etc. Snon-elastic,
:i Time independent Sgenerally settlement.
calculated using Althoughelastic ofoundation

Differential
foundation
– (Section
Differential

settlement
(Section 2.1.8)
settlement
for
2.1.8)
< 25 mm over 6 m for residential
road and
Historical
Proposed site investigations,
developments and e.g. NZGD,e.g.
loadings, primary bridge (Table 6.1) (Appendix
plans & liaison with project
available
structural
instrumentation
engineer
data
(the
etc. Si:non-elastic,
Time
Si: Timefor
theory independent generally
independent
cohesive settlement.
soil.calculated using
settlement. Although
Althoughelastic o Differential
development
settlement for road
B)
and
• Proposed
available
development developments
instrumentation
plans & and
liaison
effect of live load is normally ignored, except in cases loadings,
data
withetc.projecte.g. S  Time independent settlement. Although non-elastic, • Building o bridge
Differential
Code B1/VM4 (Table 6.1)
settlement for road and
non-elastic,
theory
Snon-elastic,
: A for generally
cohesive
time-dependent generally calculated
soil.calculated
process ofusing
using elastic
elasticof
dissipation
• • Proposed developments and loadings, e.g. obridge (Table 6.1)
i
where the development
Proposed plans
developments & liaison
and
structural engineer (the effect of live load
live load is sustained over long with
periods project
loadings,
of e.g.is c
generally calculated using elastic theory for • Building Code
bridge
Differential B1/VM4
(Table 6.1)
settlement < 25 mm
theory
Sexcess
theory: A for
for cohesive
time-dependent
cohesive
pore-pressure soil.
soil.process of
and increase of effective dissipation of • • Building
development
time and shall structural
development
be
normallypartially plans
engineer & liaison
(the
plansexcept
& liaison
considered)
ignored, with
effect with
in cases project
of live loadthe
project
where is cohesive
c soil. Buildingo CodeCode
over B1/VM4
Differential
  6NB1/VM4
mote: for settlement
residential
Settlement is < 25 mm difficult to estimate
inherently
structural engineer (the effect ofoflive load isthe S :
Scc excess A
stress time-dependent
c: time-dependent
S A pore-pressure
A time-dependent
after load application. process
and
process of
increase dissipation
of dissipation of
of effective of o oDifferential settlement < 25 mm
• Survey/contour information
normally
structural
live load ignored,
isengineer
sustained except
(the
over inlong
effectcases where
live
periods load
of is process of dissipation of excess over
development6 m forsettlement
Differentialaccurately. residential
Uncertainty
(Appendix<B) 25 shall
mmbe considered when
• Geological cross sections or 3D model, e.g. gINT,
normally ignored, except in cases where the excessstress
Sexcess: Time
pore-pressure pore-pressure
after load
pore-pressure
dependent and and
application.
increase and
process increase
increase
of andeffective ofof
occurseffective
effective
at
stress after over 6 m working
for against settlement limits, with settlement risk
residential
live load
normally
timeCAD is sustained
ignored, over
except inlong
and shall be partially considered) periods
cases where of the s
(Frantisek, H. 2004) Note: uncertainty development
over 6mitigated
m forbe
shall (Appendix
consideredB)e.g.
residential when
Leapfrog Works, stress load
s: Time
Sconstant
stress after load
application.
dependent
after load
effective application.process and occurs at
application.
stress. development
accordingly
(Appendix B)
apply uncertainty factor to
• live load
time
live is is
and
load
Survey/contour sustained
shall over
beinformation
sustained partially
overlong longperiods
considered)
periods ofof S  Time
Sss:constant
Time dependent
dependent process
process and and occursoccurs at constant
atat (Frantisek, H. 2004) Note: uncertainty
development
working against these shall
designlimits be considered
(Appendix
settlemente.g. apply B)
values whenand/or develop a contingency
time and shall be partially considered) s: Time dependent
Seffective
Required effective
parameters stress.
process and occurs o From m(Frantisek, Note: uncertainty shall belimits
considered when
Site-specific • investigation
Survey/contour
time and shall
Geological cross beinformation
partiallyorconsidered)
sections 3D model, e.g. stress. • From mv (linear) v (linear)
(Frantisek, H. 2004)
H. 2004) working
Note:
uncertainty against
uncertainty
factor these
shall
plan and/orfor be e.g.
considered
develop
larger thanapply when settlements.
contingency
expected
• • Survey/contour information constant
Required
constant
For effective
parameters
effective
fine grained stress.
soil,stress.
Stotal = Si + Sc + Ss working against these limits e.g. apply
• Site walkover Geological
Survey/contour
/ hazard
gINT, cross
mapping
Leapfrog sections
information
Works, CAD or 3D model, e.g. o From mv (linear) uncertainty
working
plan for higher factor
against these and/or
settlements. limits develop
e.g. apply
Project contingency
specific
• Site-specific Required
Required parameters
• Undrained Young'sStotal
For fine grained
parameters soil, modulus = Si + SEcu+with Ss uncertainty factor and/or develop contingency
• Boreholes
• Geological
& sampling –cross
gINT,
Geological provide
Leapfrogcross sections
Works,
sections
investigation oror
soil logging
CAD 3D3D model,
and
model, e.g.e.g. Required parameters plan for higher
uncertainty
performance factor settlements.
requirements and/or Project
develop
shall specific
becontingency
considered.
samples
gINT, Leapfrog Works, CAD For
For •For fine
fine grained
Undrained
fine grained
Poisson's
grained soil,
Young's
ratiosoil,
soil, S S
νtotalof= S =
modulus
Stotal
0.5 + S
i =i S
S + + S
c i +c S
S E+ Swith
scu +s Ss plan for higher Mitigation measures
settlements. Project specific
•Site-specific
gINT,walkover
Site investigation
Leapfrog / Works,
hazard CAD mapping u total Numerical analysis performance
plan for higher
Mitigation measures requirements
settlements. shall
Projectbe considered.
specific
for lab testing
Site-specific investigation • U(Applied
•  Undrained
•ndrained Poisson's
Undrained Young’s
to Young's
ratio modulus
Young's
saturated νu of modulus
0.5Ewhen
modulus
soil withEucalculating
Ewith
u with S i) Numerical analysis
performance
• Excavate & replace
requirements shall be considered.

• Seismic / Cone Penetration Test (CPTumapping
Site walkover
Site-specific
Boreholes & / hazard
investigation
sampling – provide
or sCPTu)soil logging Poisson’s ratio νu of
u
•Numerical
Site-specific models
analysis cancan bebe created
createdusing: Mitigation
Excavatemeasures
•performance &requirements
replace shall be considered.
• • Site walkover / hazard mapping Poisson's
(Applied Poisson's o to ratio
saturated
CU ratio νu0.5
ν
Triaxial of 0.5
ofsoil0.5
Test when (be calculating
cautious of S i)
• Site-specific models using:
Mitigation measures
• Preload
& dissipation Boreholes
Site
test walkover
interpret & sampling
/
soil hazard
behavior – provide
mapping
and samples for lab testing parameters and soil logging (Applied to saturated usoil when calculating Si ) o– SSettle
• Site-specific 33
ettle models (Rocscience)
can be created using:
(Rocscience) •Mitigation
Excavate
Preload &• Installation
replace of vertical drains
measures
• fs, Boreholes & sampling – provide soil logging (Applied
(Applied too saturated
to CU
using Triaxial
saturated
Test the
soil when
Test
soil
derived of when (be calculating
cautious
calculating
because
Eu using ofS )
of Si) Eu o– RRS2/3 • • Excavate && replace
from qc, • anduSeismicsamples
Boreholes / Cone forPenetration
& samplinglab testing
– provide soil
Test (CPTu logging
or – CU Triaxial (be cautious i
the derived Settle 3(Rocscience)
(Rocscience)
S2/3 (Rocscience) Preload
Excavate
Installation replace
of
• Soil vertical
improvements, drains e.g. stone column
and samples for lab testing o CU
o of usingTriaxial
CUdifferences
differences Test
the derived
Triaxial Test
ininthe(be (be cautious
because
Estress
ucautious
of of
of
history) • Preload
• Seismic / Dilatometer
• Seismic
and samples
sCPTu)
Marchetti
/ Cone
&
Test
forPenetration
dissipation
(DMT or sDMT)
lab testing
test – Test (CPTu
interpret or
soil
because the stress history) o– PPlaxis
RS2/3 2D/3D
laxis (Rocscience)
2D/3D (Bentley) etc.
(Bentley) etc. • Installation
Preload
Soil of vertical
• Custom
improvements, drains
foundation
e.g. stone design
column
correlate soil stiffness or modulus with measured –  Eu /Su o ≈using
Eusing
300, /SuJthe
differences the
≈ derived
300,
Atkinson in
derived J the
Atkinson
(2008) because
EuEstress because
(2008) of
history)of • Installation of vertical
• Consider drains
Safety in Design
• • Seismic
sCPTu) / Cone
& Penetration
dissipation test
behavior and parameters from qc, fs, uor
Seismic / Cone Penetration – Test (CPTu
interpret
Test (CPTu or
soil u u Assessment o of
Plaxissettlement
2D/3D time
(Bentley) etc. • Soil
Customimprovements,
Installation of
foundation vertical e.g.
design stone
drains column
pressure
sCPTu) && dissipation test – interpret soil • Compression o differences
E /Su
differences ≈ 300, in inthe
J the stress
Atkinson
index Cc, recompression index stress history)
(2008)
history) Assessment of settlement time
• • Soil improvements, e.g. stone column
• Oedometer • testbehavior
sCPTu)
Seismic / and parameters
dissipation
Dilatometer test –from
Marchetti qc,
interpret
Testfs,soil
u
(DMT • Compression
u
index C , recompression index Cr , Assessment of settlement time Custom
Soil foundation
improvements,
Consider Safety Monitoring design
e.g.
in Design stone
requirements column
• C , o oEuE/Su
Compression /Su
overconsolidation ≈ index
300,
≈ c300, JCAtkinson
,Atkinson
recompression
Jcratio (2008)
(2008) index
• Site specific behavior
• seasonal
Seismic
behavior
or sDMT) andand parameters
/groundwater
Dilatometer
parameters
– correlate from
Marchetti
soil qc,
from qc,
stiffness
monitoring, fs,
Test
or u
fs, (DMT
u overconsolidation r u ratio OCR, and OCR, void ratio andevoid • •Monitoring
Custom
Consider foundation
Safety
Custom foundation
requirements
• A Groundwater design
in Design
design and Settlement Monitoring Plan may be
• • –Compression C , overconsolidation
Compression
ratio e indexindex C C, recompression
ratio
, OCR,
recompression and index
void
index • Monitoring
• • Seismic
e.g. standpipes, or sDMT)
Seismic / Dilatometer
Vibrating
modulus – correlate
/ with
Dilatometer
Wire Marchetti
soil
Marchetti
Piezometers
measured Test
stiffness or(DMT
Test
(VWPs),
pressure (DMT Oedometer
r test c c • Consider
Consider
A Safety
Groundwater Safety inand
requirements
required, Design
in Design
Settlement
and should include Monitoring
leveloggeror sDMT) – correlate soil stiffness or –CrC,ratio overconsolidation
e
,r overconsolidation
Correlations
o Oedometer test
based on ratio
CPT ratio orOCR,OCR,
DMT andand voidvoid Monitoring
•Monitoring
A requirements
Groundwater – aand
requirements Settlement
monitoring location Monitoring
plan showing the layout and type
modulus
or sDMT)with
• Oedometer measured
– correlate
test soilpressure
stiffness or Plan may be required, and should include
modulus with measured pressure ratio ratio e oe Oedometer
Correlationstest based on CPT or DMT • • A Plan
Groundwater andof allSettlement
monitoring Monitoring
instrumentation
• Oedometer
Refer to NZGSSite modulusspecificwith test
measured
seasonal pressure
groundwater A may
o a be
Groundwater required,
monitoring and andfrequency
Settlement
location shouldplan include
Monitoring
showing

Developing
Oedometer
an
test
Engineering Geological • Coefficient
• o
Coefficient Oedometer
of
Oedometer
of volume test
volume compressibility
o Correlations based
test on CPT
compressibility mv ororcoefficient
mv or of
DMT Plan may be
– timing and
required, and should include
Model poster • Site specific
Oedometer
monitoring, seasonal
test
e.g. groundwater
standpipes, Vibrating Wire consolidation C Plan mayo athe monitoring
be – alert trigger levels andshowing
required,
layout and location
and
type should
of plan
all include
monitoring
actions
• Coefficient o oCorrelations
coefficient of consolidation
Correlations
of volume based onon CCPT
compressibility
based CPT oror DMTmv or
DMT o oa monitoring location plan
• • Site specific seasonal groundwater allshowing
v
monitoring,
Site specific e.g.
seasonalstandpipes,
Piezometers (VWPs), levelogger. groundwaterVibrating Wire – O edometer test v the layout and
a monitoring
instrumentation type of
location plan monitoring
showing
• • –Coefficient coefficient
Coefficient
In-situodissipation
of of
Oedometer volume
of consolidation
volume
test test
compressibility C
compressibility m v or
m v or
monitoring,
Refer Piezometers
monitoring, e.g.
to Developing standpipes,
(VWPs),
e.g. Vibrating
levelogger.
standpipes,
an Engineering Vibrating Wire
Wire
Geological v othe layout
instrumentation
the
timing layout
• T heand and and type
frequency
monitoring type of of
shallallall
monitoring
monitoring
commence from the initial baseline
Piezometers (VWPs), levelogger. coefficient of
o Oedometer
coefficient In-situ consolidation
of consolidation
dissipation test test C vCv (Patrick J. Fox 2003) instrumentation
Refer
Model Developing
toPoster
Piezometers (VWPs), an Engineering
levelogger. Geological (Patrick J. Fox 2003) o timing
alert and frequency
measurements
instrumentation
trigger prior
levels and actions to construction, until the time when all
Refer totoDeveloping anan Engineering Geological • Secondary
• Secondary o oOedometer
In-situ
Oedometer
compressioncompression test
dissipation test index
index Cαtest C o timing and
the frequency
specific design criteria has been met. Long term, post
Model
Refer Poster
Developing Engineering Geological α • Coarse grained soil –(Patrick From J.a Fox
(Patrick J.
practical
Fox 2003)
o alert
• The monitoring timing trigger
and levels
shallfrequency
commence and actionsfrom thesettlement monitoring may
Model Poster
• – O o oIn-situ
edometer
Secondary test
In-situ
Oedometer dissipation
compression
dissipation test test
indextest Cα 2003)
o alert
construction
trigger levels
groundwater
and actions
and
Model Poster (Bjerrum, L. 1967)
with Cc, Table 16.1 of Terzaghi, Peck and • viewpoint,
Coarse grained settlement
soil – From duration is not
a practical • The monitoring
o alert
initial baseline measurements prior tothe
trigger shall commence
levels and from
actions
(Bjerrum, L. 1967) • • –Secondary Correlations
Secondary compression
o Oedometer compression
Correlations test
with index Cc,CTable
index αCα 16.1 of • The monitoring
be required.
shall commence from the
Mesri (1996) important
• Coarse as
viewpoint, it occurs
settlement
grained soil –relatively
duration isquickly.
From a practical not viewpoint, settlement• initial baselineuntil
The monitoring
construction, measurements
shall the commence
time when prior allto
from the
the
(Bjerrum, L. 1967)
(Bjerrum, L. 1967) o oOedometer
Correlations
Oedometer
Terzaghi, test
Peck with
test andCcMesri , Table(1996) 16.1 of initial baseline measurements prior to
• Fine grained
important
duration asissoil
itnot –important
occurs Sc, time
For relatively as itrequired
quickly.
occurs to
relatively quickly.construction,
initial baseline
specific design until
• Back the time
measurements
criteriacalculation has been when
of prior allto
met.
consolidationthe
Long parameters from the site
o
For coarse grained soil, o Correlations
Terzaghi,
Correlations with
Peck with
total Stotal
andC , Table
Mesri 16.1
= cSci + (Ss c +16.1
C , Table Ss)ofof
(1996) construction, until the time when all the
For coarse grained soil, S = S i
+ c(S + S ) • reach a certain
Fine grained soildegree
– For Sof consolidation
c, time required to specific design
construction,
term, post criteria
monitoring
until
construction the has
data
time been
and
when
groundwater met. Long
verification
all and of existing settlement
the
(ScFor (Sc is fast due
is coarse
fast due Terzaghi,
grained
toTerzaghi,
to the high
the high Peck
soil, S
Pecktotaland Mesri
=
and Mesri
permeability
permeability S + (1996)
(S
that +
it Ssgenerally
c(1996)
that
is ) it is • Fine grained soil – For Sc , time required to reach a certain specific design criteria
models are has been
essential
bemet.
for theLong
better understanding of the
i depends
reach on Cv and
a certain degree timeoffactor (i.e. T90).
consolidation term,
specific
depends on Cv and time factorsettlement monitoring
postdesignconstruction
criteria groundwater
has
may been met.
required. and
Long
For
included
(S
For
generally coarse
c iscoarse
with grained
fast due S .
grained
included S is soil,
to thewith high
soil, S
negligible.) = S
permeability + (S + S )
i + c(Sc +sthat
. Ss =isi Snegligible.)
Sitotal Ss) it is degree of consolidation site settlement characteristics and prediction of the future
total For S(i.e.
dependss, the onvariation
CForv and of evariation
Ss ,time with time
factor of eisT90).
(i.e. • term,
a time is a logarithmic term,
Back post
settlement
post construction
calculation monitoring
construction groundwater
may
of consolidation thebe
groundwaterrequired.andand
i s

isc Drained
(Scgenerally fast due toto the high permeability that it is is T90). the with settlement on site.
•(S is fast included
due
• Drained Young’s modulus E’i with Young's the with
high
modulus S . S is
permeability
E’ negligible.)
s Poisson’s ratio it
with that
Poisson's ν ’ ~0.3 logarithmic
ForSensitivity
Note: Scurve
, the curve
variation
and and
assessment
depends of depends
e
on with
Cto on
time
material C
is a. • settlement
Back monitoring
calculation
settlement
parameters monitoring
from ofthe may
consolidation
sitemay be berequired.
required.
monitoring data
s α
generally
•generally Drained
ratio included Young's
included
ν’ ~0.3 withwith S
modulus .S S . S is negligible.)
E’
is with Poisson's
negligible.)
α
• • Back calculation ofof consolidation
– D MT, e.g. Technical Committee i is s TC16 (2001), Note: Sensitivity
logarithmic
properties, curveassessment
groundwater and levels to and
depends material
on Cα. shall
loads parameters
Back
and calculation
verification from ofthe site monitoring
consolidation
existing settlementdata
• • Drained ratio
Drained
CPTo ν’Young's
~0.3
Young's
DMT, modulus
e.g. modulus
Technical E’ E’withwith Poisson's
Committee Poisson's Note: Sensitivity assessment to material parameters DISCLAIMER: This reference guide is not a standard. It is a guide based on
from the site monitoring data
or properties,
Note:
be Note: groundwater
Sensitivity
partSensitivity
of design process.levels
assessment
assessment to and
to
material
Correlation loads
material
checks shall
properties, and verification
parameters
models arecommon fromofpractice
essential existing
the site
for settlement
monitoring
inthe
New better
Zealand. The data
recommended calculation process /
– CD ratio ratio ν’ ~0.3
Triaxial DMT,
oν’ ~0.3
TC16 e.g.cautious
Test (2001),
(be Technicalor CPT Committee
of using the properties, groundwater
groundwater levels levels
and loadsand loads
shall beshall
part of design process.
and verification of existing settlement
analytical methods within this document are not intended to be coded anor
be
can part of design
properties, groundwater
beCorrelation
performed process.
by back Correlation
levels and
calculating checks
loads
the shall
site models
and are
verification
understanding essential
does of
the of for
existing
the
document site the better
settlement
settlement
hold any legal requirement / standing. The applicability
derived o oDMT,E’)
TC16
DMT, e.g. Technical
(2001),
e.g. Technicalor
CD Triaxial Test (be cautious of using CPT Committee
Committee becan
part ofperformed
design
checks can be performed by back calculating the
process. Correlation checks models are essential
of this guidefor the better
be besite
part
settlement of design
monitoring
settlement bymonitoring
back
process. data calculating
Correlation
ordata
analysing thethe
checks
or analysing site the data from understanding
models are
characteristics of the
essential
and site
for settlement
the
to settlement
prediction better
analyses in New Zealand requires engineering
of the futureIt shall be noted that this guide
oTC16 (2001), or CPT judgement and project specific assessment.
CD
TC16
the Triaxial
(2001),
derived Test
E’) or (be
CPTcautious of using can bebe
can
data performed
settlement sites.bysites.
monitoring
performed
from
similar similar back
by back calculating
data or analysing
calculating the
thesite
the
site understanding
characteristics
understanding
settlement on
does ofnot
and
of
the the the site
prediction
site.
cover site
the settlement of
settlement
settlement the future
behavior of non or partially saturated soils.
(Bjerrum, L. 1967) o oCDthe Triaxial
derivedTest
CD Triaxial Test (be
E’) (be cautious
cautious ofof using
using settlement monitoring data or analysing the characteristics
NOTE: Bold, underlined text contain hyperlinks to external sources. These
and prediction of the future
data from similar
settlement monitoring sites.data or analysing the settlement
characteristics on the andare
hyperlinks site.
prediction of the
subject to failure shouldfuture
these posters be reviewed in print form.
the the derived
derived E’)E’) data from similar sites. settlement onon the site.
data from similar sites. settlement the site.

You might also like