Disaster Management and Risk Reduction:
Philippine Law
What is disaster risk reduction management
Philippines?
The NDRRMP outlines the activities aimed at
strengthening the capacity of the national government
and the local government units (LGUs) together with
partner stakeholders, to build the disaster resilience of
communities and to institutionalize arrangements and
measures for reducing disaster risks.
What is Republic Act 10121?
A LAW THAT REQUIRES THE COUNTRY'S
GOVERNMENT AND ITS CITIZENS TO BE
PREPARED FOR DISASTER.
Why is R.A. 10121 important?
Because the Philippines is one of the most at risk
Countries in the world 5th in disaster risk With 26.70%
disaster risk as of 2016
Why is the Philippines at risk?
Geography
Climate
Human induced calamities
The Philippines is 5th most at risk of disasters as of
2016
• The World Risk Index 2016 ranks 173 countries
according to how exposed and vulnerable they are to
natural hazards, including earthquakes, floods and
storms
Factors that make people more vulnerable to
disasters include poverty, slum housing, limited
access to medical services and clean water, corruption
and weak law enforcement.
Why was R.A 10121 IMPLEMENT ED
To prevent the loss of lives during disasters natural or
man made,To reduce the loss of structures
To prepare the people for the upcoming Typhoons,
Earthquakes, Landslides ete.
The NDRRMC have a 4 part system:
Disaster preparedness
Disaster mitigation and prevention
Disaster response
Disaster Rehabilitation and Recovery
What are the precautions the NDRRMC take to
reduce
casualties?
Role of LGU
Under republic act 10121, there shall be a drrm
council for each region. Lgus, from the provincial to
the barangay level, are also mandated to form and
operate drrm councils. Each of these offices must
come up with a local disaster risk redu ction and
management plan covering aspects of disaster
preparedness, response, prevention and mitigation,
and rehabilitation and recovery. Chief drrm officer
Republic Act (RA) 10821 or the Children's
Emergency Relief and Protection Act
This Republic Act No. 10821 of the Government of the
Philippines mandates the provision of emergency
relief and protection for children before, during, and
after disaster and other emergency situations. It refers
to situations when children are gravely threatened or
endangerd by circumstances that affect their
survival and normal development.
REPUBLIC ACT NO. 10821]
AN ACT MANDATING THE PROVISION OF
EMERGENCY RELIEF AND PROTECTION
FOR CHILDREN BEFORE, DURING, AND
AFTER DISASTERS AND OTHER
EMERGENCY SITUATIONS
Declaration of Policy. – It is hereby declared the
policy of the State to protect the fundamental rights
of children before, during, and after disasters and
other emergency situations when children are
gravely threatened or endangered by circumstances
that affect their survival and normal development.
Philippine Environmental LawsPhilippine
AirAct
What is CleanAirAct?
• RepublicAct No. 8749, otherwise known as the
Philippine CleanAirAct, is a comprehensive air
quality management policy Program which aim to
achieve and maintain healthy air for all Filipinos.
• Contains 7 chapters and 56 Sections
• Approved on June 23, 1999 under the
administration of Joseph Estrada.
What are the guiding principle of the CleanAirAct?
The CAA provides that the State shall:
• Protect and advance the right of the people to a
balanced and healthy ecology in accord with the
rhythm and harmony of nature.
• Promotes and protect the global environment
while recognizing the primary responsibility of
local government unit to deal with environmental
problems.
• Recognize that the responsibility of cleaning the
habitat and environment is primarily area based.
• Recognize that “ polluters must pay”
• Recognize that a clean and healthy environment is
for the good of all and should therefore be the
concern of all.
What can you do to help clean the air?
ForVehicle owners/motorist:
• Maintain your vehicle by changing oil regularly.
• Keep tires properly inflated.
• Plan trips and observe proper driving habits,
• Remove unnecessary things from the trunk. Don’t
Overload and travel only at speed required by
traffic regulation and road conditions.
For Commuters:
• Patronize mass railway transit (e.i. MRT and LRT)
What can you do to help clean the air?
For office workers:
• Reduce use of air conditioning and ensure that
room are sealed.
• Make sure that light are energy sufficient
• Use natural lighting by opening windows curtains
at daytime.
What can you do to help clean the air?
At home:
• Use low watt bulbs or energy saving lights.
• Limit the use of air conditioning units and keep
the temperature a few degrees higher.
• Don’t burn garbage
• Avoid using aerosols
• Properly dispose of refrigerants, refrigeration
equipment and use coolant.
What can you do to help clean the air?
For Everyone:
• Talk to people on what they can do about air
pollution.
• Report smoke- belching to LTO, MMDA, and/or the
appropriate local government units.
• Walk or ride your bike to places
• Take bus or mass rail transit whenever you can.
• Plant trees
• Spread the word about ban on smoking in public
places.
What will be done to polluting industries?
• A fine of not more than P100,000 for every day of
violation shall be charged against the owner of a
stationary source, until such time that the standard
have been met.
• For gross violation, the penalty is imprisonment of
not less than six years but not more than 10 years upon
the discretion of the court.At the same time, the
PollutionAdjudication Board (PAD) could close the
firm through the issuance of cease and desist order.
What will be done to smoke belching vehicles on
the road?
• Smoke belching vehicles on the road shall be
subjected to emission testing by properly equipped
enforcement teams from the DOTC/LTO or its duly
deputized agent.Violators will be subject to the
following fines/penalties.
• 1st offence
P1,000
• 2nd offence
P3,000
• 3rd offence
P5,000 ( with seminar on pollution management)
Activities or Programs implemented to achieve the
objective of CleanAirAct:
• Linis/Ligtas Hangin Program with the Bantay
Tambutso.
• Bantay Tsimnea and Bantay Sunog;
• Industrial enforcement program for stationary sources
• Promotion of Clean Fuel
• Strong collaboration between government and
stakeholders on measures to address pollution.
Tobacco Regulation Act of 2003
What is Tobacco Regulation Act of 2003?
• Also known as “ RepublicAct No. 9211”
• Sign into law by the president on June 23,2003
• This is an act regulating the packaging, use, sale,
distribution and advertisement of tobacco products.
What places are included in the smoking ban?
• Under the tobacco regulation act of 2003 , smoking
shall be absolutely prohibited in the following public
places such as;
1. Enclosed and confine areas of public hospitals
2. Medical clinics ( Hospitals, dental, laboratories,
Nursing Homes, health center)
3. Schools/University
4. PublicTransportation
5. Offices
6. Recreational places
7. Shopping malls
8. Cinema
9. Hotels
10. Restaurants
What places are included in the smoking ban?
• Under the tobacco regulation act of 2003 ,
smoking shall be absolutely prohibited in the
following public places such as;
11. Food preparation areas
12.Airports
13. Ship terminals
14. train/ bus stations
How does it help to protect the minors?
• RA 9211 has provision for minors where the
following are considered unlawful and are
penalized:
1. Any retailer of tobacco product who sells or
distributes tobacco products to any minor.
2. Any person who purchases cigarettes or tobacco
products from a minors
3. A minor who sells or buys cigarettes or any
tobacco products
4. A minor to smokes cigarettes or any other
tobacco product.
Warning Signs
Advertisements
Restriction onTobacco Promotions
• Promotions shall be directed only to persons at
least eighteen (18) years old.
No person below 18 years old may participate in
any promotion.
• Telephones communication concerning
promotional offers, programs or events must be
included a recorded health warning message in
English or Filipino.
• No tobacco advertisement may be place on a
shopping bags
Toxic Substances and Hazardous, and Nuclear
Wastes Control Act of 1990
• (1) regulate, restrict or prohibit the importation,
manufacture, processing sale, distribution, use and
disposal of chemical substances and mixtures that
present unreasonable risk and/or injury to health or
the environment;
• (2) prohibit the entry, even in transit, of hazardous
and nuclear wastes and their disposal into the
Philippine territorial limits for whatever purpose;
and
• (3) provide advancement and facilitate research
and studies on toxic substance.
• TSHNWCA shall cover importation,
manufacture, processing, handling, storage,
transportation, sale, distribution, use and
disposal (from cradle to grave) of all unregulated
chemical substances and mixtures in the
Philippines, including the Philippine even in transit,
as well as the keeping or storage and disposal of
hazardous and nuclear wastes into the country for
whatever purposes.
 • There is an Inter-agency technical Advisory Council
attached to the Department of Environment and Natural
Resources which shall be composed of one;
• (1) chairman and ten (10) members. Secretary of
DENR as chairman, and Secretary of DOH, Director
of PNRI, Secretary of DTI, Secretary of DOST,
Secretary of DND, Secretary of DFA, Secretary of
DOLE, Secretary of DOF,
• Secretary of DA, Representative from NGO from
Health and Safety as members.
• Section 13 of TSHNWCA enumerates the following
as Prohibited Acts:
• a. Knowingly use in chemical substance and mixture
which is imported, manufactured, processed or
distributed in violation of this Act or implementing
rules and regulations or orders;
• b. Failure or refusal to submit reports, notices or on
the information, access to records as required
by this Act, or permit inspection of establishment
where chemicals are manufactured, processed,
stored or otherwise held;
• c. Failure or refusal to comply with the pre-
manufacture and pre-importation requirements. (There
must be import clearance before entry of any chemical
substances to the Philippines).
• d. Cause, aid or facilitate, directly or indirectly, in the
storage, importation or bringing into Philippine
territory, including its maritime economic zones, even
in transit, either by means of land, air or sea
transportation or otherwise keeping in storage any
amount of hazardous and nuclear wastes in any
part of the Philippines.
• Definition of Terms
• 1. Hazardous substances are substances which present
either:
• a. Short-term acute hazards such as acute toxicity by
ingestion, inhalation or skin absorption,
corrosivity or other skin or eye contact hazard or the
risk of fire or explosion; or
• b. Long-term environmental hazards, including
chronic toxicity upon repeated exposure.
• 2. Hazardous waste are substances that are without
any safe commercial, industrial, agricultural or
economic usage and are shipped, transported or
brought from the country of origin for dumping or
disposal into or in transit through any part of the
territory of the Philippines.
• 3. Nuclear waste are hazardous waste made
radioactive by exposure to the radiation incidental to
the production or utilization of nuclear fuels but does
not include nuclear fuel, or radioisotopes which have
reached the final stage of fabrication so as to be usable
for any scientific, medical, agricultural, commercial,
or industrial.
• Kinds of List of Chemicals as Provided by
TSHNWCA
• 1. Philippine Inventory of Chemicals and Chemical
Substances (PICCS) - list of allowed chemicals
substances.
• 2. Philippine Priority Chemical List (PPCL)- list of
all prohibited chemical substances.
Environmental, Safety and Health Issues
• The increasing number of discarded technologies
corresponds to an increasing percentage of
hazardous materials which compounds the disposal
and pollution problem, and can further result in
damage to occupational safety, community health,
and the environment. Greenpeace reported that
since a large portion of discarded devices end up in
landfills or with backyard recyclers, informal
labourers and waste pickers, depressed
communities and their environment get exposed to
toxic heavy metals such as lead, cadmium, mercury,
chromium, halogenated substances including
brominated flame retardants, and polyvinyl chloride
(PVC).
TOXINS
• The world's most dangerous chemical toxins,
which are commonly grouped into a collection
called the "dirty dozen" by chemists and
environmentalists, are categorized as persistent
organic pollutants (POPs). Several POPs are
pesticides: aldrin, chlordane, DDT, dieldrin, endrin,
heptachlor, hexachlorobenzene, mirex, and
toxaphene. Other POPs are produced during the
combustion process.
• For example, dioxins and furans are by- products
of chemical production and the burning of
chlorinated substances, and polychlorinated
biphenyls (PCBs), which are used to manufacture
such products as paints, plastics, and electrical
transformers, may be released into the air when
those products are burned. Other toxins such as as
arsenic, beryllium, cadmium, copper, lead, nickel,
and zinc belong to a wider group of chemicals
called persistent bioaccumulative toxins (PBTS),
which include the dirty dozen and can linger in the
environment for long periods
HAZARDS
• Before the 1962 publication of American biologist
Rachel Carson's Silent Spring which described
how DDT accumulated in the fatty tissues of
animals and caused cancer and genetic damage, the
risks of many toxic wastes were evident. For
example, lead was a known toxin in the 19th
century, with reformers documenting lead
poisoning in the workforce and leading clean up
efforts.
• Nevertheless, auto companies, oil companies, and
the U.S. government authorized the manufacture,
distribution, and use of tetraethyl lead, Pb(C2H5)4,
in gasoline in the 1920s. Health officials warned
against depositing millions of pounds of inorganic
lead dust from automobile exhaust onto the streets.
However, the lead industry pointed to lead's
importance to the automotive and petrochemical
industries in increasing engine performance and
reducing engine knock (spontaneous ignition of the
fuel- air mixture in vehicle engines).
HAZARDS
• Similarly, despite evidence of lead paint's toxic
effects on children as early as the 1920s, the lead
industry campaigned for decades to deter concerns.
The National Lead Company, manufacturer of Dutch
Boy paints and lead pigments, produced children's
colouring books, including The Dutch Boy's Lead
Party, extolling the benefits of lead paint. The federal
government finally banned lead in paint and gasoline
in the 1970s and '80s.
• In addition, the danger of a sudden release of toxic
material also looms in the aftermath of extreme
weather events, natural disasters, and accidents.
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