Martin, Understanding Terrorism 6e

SAGE Publishing, 2018

Understanding Terrorism Challenges

Perspectives and Issues 6th Edition
Martin Test Bank
Full download at link: https://testbankpack.com/

Chapter 6: Violence in the Name of the Faith: Religious

Terrorism
Test Bank

Multiple Choice

1. Which of the following statements regarding jihad is most accurate?

a. Jihad is an ideology of world domination.
b. The greater jihad refers to the struggle each person has within themselves to do what
is right.
c. Jihad and the Christian Crusades represent identical concepts.
d. None of these.
Ans: B

2. In the modern era, which of the following faith traditions have become the
predominant perpetrators of political violence motivated by religion?
a. Christian Crusaders
b. Jewish Zealots
c. Radical Islamists
d. Radical Hindus
Ans: C

3. Radical Christian and Muslim extremists are arguably similar in that they are
“exclusivist” in their beliefs. Which of the following best summarizes this tendency?
a. They believe that their faith tradition is the “one true faith.”
b. They believe that their faith tradition is compatible with other faith traditions.
c. They believe that their faith tradition may have flaws, but it is basically a good
tradition.
d. None of these.
Ans: A
 Martin, Understanding Terrorism 6e
SAGE Publishing, 2018

4. Religious conflict between nations is rare in the modern era, but it arguably still
occurs periodically between which of the following nations?
a. The United States and Iraq
b. Turkey and Russia
c. Ireland and Great Britain
d. Pakistan and India
Ans: D

5. A new generation of “Afghan Arabs” arguably arose during the conflicts in which of
the following countries?
a. the civil war in Sudan
b. the Balkan conflict
c. the NATO/U.S. interventions in Afghanistan and Iraq
d. the Iranian Revolution
Ans: C

6. Cult-like violent extremism arises periodically, as indicated in which of the following?

a. Boko Haram
b. the Lord’s Resistance Army
c. the Stern Gang
d. none of these
Ans: B

7. Which of the following statements most accurately explains the continued

dissemination of the Protocols of the Learned Elders of Zion?
a. The publication is a renowned work of scholarship.
b. The publication is a credible counterpoint to official publications on international
affairs.
c. Although the publication is a forgery, it is used to promote anti-Semitic and anti-Israel
propaganda.
d. Both “the publication is a renowned work of scholarship” and “the publication is a
credible counterpoint to official publications on international affairs.”
Ans: C

8. Which of the following statements most accurately explains how participants justify
violence in the name of religion?
a. God wills it and will reward those who participate in violence done in the name of the
faith.
b. The faith tradition is under attack from nonbelievers and must be defended at all
costs.
c. Nonbelievers do not understand the faith tradition, and so they all must be
exterminated.
d. Both “God wills it and will reward those who participate in violence done in the name
of the faith” and “the faith tradition is under attack from nonbelievers and must be
defended at all costs.”
Ans: D
 Martin, Understanding Terrorism 6e
SAGE Publishing, 2018

9. Which of the following statements most accurately explains why “Holocaust denial”
persists?
a. Many other nations and people have suffered, so it is not more important than other
incidents.
b. This sort of denial is common practice, and so should be expected.
c. It is motivated by anti-Semitism and revisionist history by racial and religious
extremists.
d. Both “many other nations and people have suffered, so it is not more important than
other incidents” and “this sort of denial is common practice, and so should be expected.”
Ans: C

10. In what way do apocalyptic cults such as Aum Shinrikyō pose plausible threat
scenarios?
a. Followers sincerely believe that their actions will bring about a spiritual upheaval in
the world.
b. Many apocalyptic cult members possess weapons of mass destruction.
c. Apocalyptic cults have infiltrated mainline religions.
d. The membership of apocalyptic cults is vast.
Ans: A

11. One plausible global threat from the international mujahideen includes which of the
following?
a. Many mujahideen possess weapons of mass destruction and plan to use them.
b. Dedicated mujahideen have traveled to other countries and live covertly as “sleeper”
cells.
c. There are many mujahideen with financial resources that will be used to sabotage the
global economy.
d. Both “many mujahideen possess weapons of mass destruction and plan to use them”
and “dedicated mujahideen have traveled to other countries and live covertly as
‘sleeper’ cells.”
Ans: B

12. Evidence exists that strongly concludes Iran has sponsored which of the following
allies or movements?
a. Hezbollah
b. Hamas
c. the Assad regime
d. all of these
Ans: D

13. The 2011 Arab Spring led to which of the following outcomes?
a. Democracy spread throughout the Middle East.
b. Peace slowly but steadily occurred among warring factions.
c. Thousands of Islamist fighters volunteered to wage jihad against perceived
opponents.
 Martin, Understanding Terrorism 6e
SAGE Publishing, 2018

d. Both “democracy spread throughout the Middle East” and “peace slowly but steadily
occurred among warring factions.”
Ans: C

14. Which of the following observations is most correct?

a. Religious terrorism began in the modern era.
b. Religious terrorism was rare throughout history.
c. Religious terrorism has a long history.
d. Religious terrorism is unique to the Middle East.
Ans: C

15. The Soviet Union’s invasion of Afghanistan stimulated the rise of which self-
professed movement?
a. the Afghan Islamists
b. the Afghan Jihadists
c. the Afghan Crusaders
d. the Afghan Arabs
Ans: D

16. In the modern era, ______.

a. only Muslims engage in religious terrorism
b. Christians never engage in religious terrorism
c. Jewish and Buddhist terrorism is common
d. none of these
Ans: D

17. The Lord’s Resistance Army represents the case of ______.

a. a cult-like movement in Uganda
b. Christian rebellion against Muslim oppression in Sudan
c. a Christian militia in Lebanon
d. none of these
Ans: A

18. The greater jihad requires ______.

a. self-struggle in the way of what is required by God
b. warfare on behalf of the faith
c. defending the faith against infidels
d. both “warfare on behalf of the faith” and “defending the faith against infidels”
Ans: A

19. Which of the following statements is most accurate about the Thuggees?
a. They were thugs.
b. They represent a case of religious organized crime.
c. They were suppressed by the British in India.
d. Both “they were thugs” and “they represent a case of religious organized crime.”
Ans: C
 Martin, Understanding Terrorism 6e
SAGE Publishing, 2018

20. Which of the following statements is most accurate regarding pogroms?

a. religious programs that are established for the benefit of the community
b. targeted massacres against religious groups
c. violent suppression of European Jews by European Christians
d. both “targeted massacres against religious groups” and “violent suppression of
European Jews by European Christians”
Ans: D

True/False

1. An Islamic jihad is conceptually the same as a Christian Crusade.

Ans: F

2. Religious terrorism began in the modern era.

Ans: F

3. The Afghan Arabs are international mujahideen who became prominent during the
Soviet invasion of Iraq.
Ans: F

4. The Aum Shinrikyō case represents the threat from weapons of mass destruction in
the hands of religious extremists.
Ans: T

5. Only Muslims engage in religious terrorism.

Ans: F

6. The Lord’s Resistance Army is an example of a Christian rebellion against Muslim

oppression.
Ans: F

7. The greater jihad requires warfare on behalf of the faith.

Ans: F

8. Kach is an example of a Jewish extremist movement.

Ans: T

9. The Stern Gang attacked British interests in India.

Ans: F

10. A pogrom is an attempt to peacefully convert members of another faith.

Ans: F
 Martin, Understanding Terrorism 6e
SAGE Publishing, 2018

Short Answer

1. What kinds of targets do radical Islamists typically attack? Why have these targets
been selected?

2. Why were the Protocols of the Learned Elders of Zion written? Who wrote it? Who
believes in it in the modern era?

3. Why does Holocaust denial persist?

4. Briefly discuss the threat from apocalyptic cults such as Aum Shinrikyō.

5. Briefly discuss the threat from the international mujahideen and their fellow-believers.

6. Briefly discuss the threat from Iran’s sponsorship of radical Islamist causes.

7. Explain how scapegoating is used to justify persecutions such as the Nazi Holocaust.

8. What kinds of targets do radical Christians typically attack? Why have these targets
been selected?

9. What will be the long-term effect of the Arab Spring on Al-Qa’ida?

10. Most major faiths have members who resort to violence. Which major faith do you
think engages in less violence than others?

Essay

1. Discuss why religious terrorism and extremism are so difficult to defeat or otherwise
counteract.

2. Compare the differences between an Islamic jihad and a Christian Crusade. What is
the modern perception of what a jihad is? How have groups like Al-Qa’ida used jihad to
justify what they do?

3. In the modern era, radical Islamists have become the predominant perpetrators of
religious terrorism. Why has this occurred? Explain the motives of modern radical
Islamist violence.

4. Christian and Muslim extremists are typically “exclusivist” in the sense that they
believe that their faith is an exclusive “one true faith” for salvation. Compare and
contrast the agendas of Christian and Muslim extremists. In what ways are their
agendas similar? How do they differ?
 Martin, Understanding Terrorism 6e
SAGE Publishing, 2018

5. In what ways have India and Pakistan justified their proxy wars against each other?
How has religion been used as a central motive behind their conflict? Explain your
answer.

6. Discuss whether, in your opinion, an environment has been created for a new
generation of Afghan Arabs as a result of the long wars in Iraq and Afghanistan.

7. In your opinion, why will cult-like movements such as the Lord’s Resistance Army and
Aum Shinrikyō continue to appear from time to time?

8. Explain the nature of state-sponsored religious terrorism. Discuss why it arises and
whether it is likely to continue in the near future.

9. Why has the Protocols of the Learned Elders of Zion continued to be disseminated?

10. Discuss the ways in which violence in the name of religion is justified by those who
participate in such violence.