I.

Quantities
● Quantities are things that have values and units. There are 4 kinds of
Quantities, namely Base Quantities, Derivative Quantities, Vector Quantities
and Scalar Quantities.

● Base Quantities are those whose units are defined separately and have been
determined beforehand than the others. Base Quantities include:

• length (l: lowercase L),

• mass (m),

• time (t),

• temperature (T),

• electric current (I) and

• light intensity (J).

● Length is the distance between 2 points, mass is the amount of material

contained in an object, time is the interval between 2 events or 2 events,
temperature is a measure of how hot or cold an object is, while Electric
Current is the amount of electric charge flowing through the conductor wire
within a certain time.

● Derivative Quantities are Quantities derived from Base Quantities. Quantities

Derivatives include: Area (A), volume (V), Density (ρ), velocity (v), weight
(W), and acceleration (a).

Base Quantities
 Derivative Quantities

● Quantities Derivative can be calculate with these formulas :

• Scalar Quantities are Quantities that have values and units. Scalar Quantities
include: length, mass, time, and temperature.

● Vector Quantities are Quantities that have value, unit and direction. Vector
Quantities include: force, speed, acceleration and weight.
II. SI Unit

● SI is the size of a quantity. The terms of a good unit are: easy to imitate,
permanent and international. The unit system that applies is the International
Unit system (SI). For example: meters for length, kg for mass, seconds for
time, kelvin for temperature, amperes for electric current and candela for light
intensity.

● SI Units can also be converted into other units, for example: 1 meter = 100
cm, 1 km = 1000m, 1 kg = 1000 g, 1 ton = 1000 kg, 1 minute = 60 seconds
and 1 hour = 60 minutes. As in the picture below.

● Conversion of Length Unit (meter)

● Conversion of mass unit (gram)

 Conversion of Area (square)

● Conversion of Volume (cube)

● Conversion of Time (sekon)

III. Measurements

● Measurement is part of observation. Measurement is an activity of comparing

similar Quantities with Quantities that have units. Measurements are grouped
into 2 namely:

 Standard unit measurements are measurements that have the same value,
for example: measuring length using a ruler will produce numbers in meters.
 Non-standard unit measurements are measurements that have different
values, for example: measuring the length of a chair using the span of a
hand or measuring the length of a room using footsteps. The results of non-
standard unit measurements are different because each person has
different hand spans and footsteps.

• The easiest measurement is to use a measuring device. Measuring using

measuring tools for example:

 Rulers and tape measure are used to measure long and straight objects,
 Vernier calipers to measure circular objects,
 micrometer screws are used to measure the thickness of plates, paper and
tissue.
 Clock or stopwatch to measure time,
 Ammeter to measure electric current.