13-14 DECEMBER Early Bird wieuieanie Now Open! + Opportunity to enn 20+ CFLS + 35+ educational sessions on demand + Connect with peers and ISA partners ceiving insights on tei experts around the To view the agenda and register, visit isa-arbor.com/conference VOLUME 31 SOCIETY OF ARBORICULTURE ee es ARBORIST-NEWS | — (Sa) be] Wem e co) Cata-C ere suki ee PETE U OE SECU eS. | ith, Part 1: Structural ComponentsThank you to our cH) 2022 Canopy Partners! bei) f SYA paver =. More Powerf Pras Slaton era as (Husqvarna Vermeer SAVAYREE. 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Aun USA aneche,Cinen Hl Henge Fond pert Cleon Ut Clason, SU Nebo. Piss, anny aight, Ve Pon Se. gn Arborist News Editorial and Advertising Policy Arie Fortin smu sbring an ric rth ut alines rule hep iwnr abu Nes oa Selina cl, Mugg En ciengrabocanl Ales eject Asaped cls may be ced or bey {Ent bere wt Me pc mene Ai ai tne tg et’ ert or peo in rer Nw Sabre tu ente ooged wo A ot mnt ftir ple eteereesa [An ISA Cenfied boss n god sanding ay mci CEU fr wrk published in Arbor Nw ears othe Eltor Abort Non woos ers that wes the conn oF aise pushed inthe ewer within thelist yee The aucor a oil pubiaon salle hen the porn edad, hey hoon: rapond the sab nil lets, drlrs Ns tees che ght eer for rev lai, aap Adreising ‘Acepance an publcton of adverihemens, dnc cop, or produce teauncenens do nx nec imply ISA cndoremen of i pice oe tecgues, or dos i ele theopaion of ISA reading ey st producto aig. droit Ns serves the ight oe ay adver eement dar i deened urslabl fo publcsion. Fora fle ves of the cdr Nos advercsing poly, plese ist che ISA wee (em sxbocoa) For adr ecto and macs deadlines, te nd dar well svotherSA posonhip and eging oppor pect ics ‘rx, Canal (oxpoatesuestaseaboccom), ISA purer ons manag bc or dire yy he remanent Sx mn of fs ern td names in rah rrr dost sonata enrermen by the Abi eae gi copied Soc of Arbre SA Sees om tb i ‘Shao ea Pipe, eas Kale Chri Bons, Chany, Wingo, ust Caro Lio Sl do Randall H. Miler, Sr “om ey, Chants Noth Ca Tad Tost, Op She ang, Ket Oi, USA, ay Can, ex, Dae, USA Joe Cle, Oo, Nere Sauna Day, ish Clann Cade ~ARBORISTNEWS (CEU: Beneficial hasecs in the Urban SA Reapete 5 Landscape 10 ISA Cade of ais 5 npn fincas bund Tye Tiedt Calendar 6 igo ache plc png ine isin com SA Caricaton Paper xan Date 7 Ss on llr onsen At sc OM ISA TRAQ Conroe Das 6 ty ofa indices ely esata ining in Oo eee tne 1 Coys chic cr pe dfcne teen RYE Conti ie beneficial “pets” and dss thew af ioconral "SA Cased Abore? Code s fete spp of uban bape pss Pat » Branch Attachment Strength, Part 1: tle tent Structural Components 22 ‘Congeio 2 Vnang how branches ae stack! 1 ses and how Sef Ae Ne Tae i *o they gw Gl can lp tec hea ae poids an pain se ovis bom sn fing gee od ely SAIS “ fale mks, loth ark the ral component of Ianclcand hew thy ok ogee o poe gh Rote % >brach atcha even in el Simpy * Urban Tree Diversity 4 You 36 cee Coos ki S “The Usha Tie Dy 4 Conn, nasi Uk copes Mo Kang Foe Rene n't Caging Mk ook lace x St. Revach You Ned wo Read © Fecnbur lide USAon 2-3 Auger 202, beagingISAMenbexship Apion 6 topshors lal epnstnaion of potsonlto dct New Menbars © Siechulenge and ladonstocreatngamoredvenestd—Clber Now s rent fet ote fue Maile impacid ir Sr dey x “3 TSA sisziz: Faorieatare tosISA PERSPECTIVES Open Access Journal Allows for Increased Research Sharing Arboriculture Code of EthicsE INDUSTRY CALENDAR itor Bent jou havea veional ox ISA caper event coming up Let ut by sbuniing your vee trig de ISA website The most ct veson of ur een cledar wll be avalon the (vorwianoccomlenlinde. Jliac you an view, te of abit new Hest che toe sy clea. All cureny sched ISA eration xs TRAQ cours se talable onlin a well For adsl CEU cui check our dhe ISA websoe (vs aboceom!son) 8-12 Environmenal Concer in Rights of Why “Management 13th lermaconal Spaposiae. Sher ton Chrome Hot nd Conenon Center Chaos ‘Noh Carling, USA. This srs hasbeen held every ‘re ofr yas sine the ey Ds ad Bas consi sendy ben oe ofthe gust conferences atend, Out Sering Commie hae crt an amazing lvl Bild ‘our, engging plenary sesion, educational academia rel esearch progam and mors, o mak yout ale Aira ou ll not wane fo mis hi nsporon see ‘Oxgnial bye iy AtborsAstcion. or more Information, connce Dons Neer dng, (51-464.0580, Unge!lwnweghtro-nayon 1 Tre Canopy Conference 2022 Lae and Resort tion Sikes Abdu Haverford Cole, Haverford, Teanovania, USA, Phiadphisb ees make ou cm ‘munis Irable They fter ou ait egal wae fos, ‘euce ton emisonsimprote out mental ead and © much moce Unloranatdy our aban tee copy fics a mamba of suse and pes acading ess ana diese, orm esos, eee development and ‘mae change us onan se, Jon fo he eh annul Tiee Canopy Conksence at Hosea Calege, ‘sbere well be eng to exper in de el abou lw and resraen, indoding ewe suis demonsating ‘eas thet weean put las in plac ensure ae thecity ofthe fares ren lil, and eclegialy us ‘aia Continuing Education Us (CEU) foe er una SocleyofAorclie Cert Atboriwil be amlibl, Organic by The Mois Aorta. Fot ‘at infoenaon, conace inlogmoriauboreun.o, 215-247-5777, ape esperence mbm ng IofoaspeFsenlD=2) 11015 Kentky Tie Climbing Championship Tccop dren at Ln Jadoo, Londoa. Kent, USA (Conca wll compote ln Sve pumiary events © quay on of dhe wp contestant a he ight ‘trate ode championship sound Maes Cla Jeng. The priminary events nlade Ascent, Blayed Event Considerations due to COVID-19 ‘Avouriatryrespondeo wecrnnendation foe bath poston an lel pores r= ing COVID.19, many rents maybe postponed or cae, Please sel to dhe ISA wee a event epi webite rhe most porters ‘on onal hii, Speed Cinb, Ae Rese, Wik Crib. and Those, ‘The op insta contrants who have aco the highest combined point ras forthe fe priinary event adtnce to the Mate’ Change, Orgnied by the Keneoky Chie. For more fformation, cana ‘Laur Lamberto 502-523-0768 tap! kentucky te-climbing-championship-kyrce 2022 sventritecom) 18 Veeran Tree Care Managenent. Mori Arbor ofthe Univesity of Penashani, Philadephia, Penns ‘ani, USA. This seminar il examine the special naire ‘fv tes. A vetean eon ha pc many tod isl in comparison co he wes ofthe sume sp sles We wil dca curent rach and some ofthe reevauon patie thacate popular ia England, ncad- Ing rewenchent, propping, ad rection. Lik al ing thingy wes Sure dough the ear of ener “This ar oars bth win te eta as wall 5 een the ase and ie cavonmen, Far fom being Sate proces, every laos are high dyamic and consundlychangings wes ge, decline and de. Abe ise shouldbe aware of se changes to provide he best svc and manggemenerconamendations voted ‘cou forth: cveand peation of lds ues. eaher Pm we wil spend « porcon of the day outdone. ‘Organi The Mos Abort, Foe motel: ‘in, contac Sephanie Bean, sbaneau@ugenn cl, 215 247-5777 2125 thepsllespiense mambo ‘oxy/aioaspeFvenID=29) 19 Chain See Safety and Maintenance Mons bore tums of the Univenity of Paplans, Bldgs, anspania, USA. Chala sas areone of the mast om ‘mon handstld olan hee ane ny components the ie, Thi coune i designed to eat vie ae inverse en who want operate sa sy and efecvely. Canepe decd wl inca fifi fut, cane, se, and nding, Papas wil (pia an andersanding of chainsaw ace ocean Fars aod wa ling ee and enting wood or Penns rh Lean planing sets ncloding a eanspon, ang. rm eag/buckng a linbing and wade nding compreion and ension. Ths stages wil be deronsrtal in ae lenin ene. Orgi+ ‘a hy The Mores Acbaraum. For he infor, ‘contact Sephanie Brunia. ranean, 25 27-5777 125, apeesprence onan og) InfvapefventD 25). 19-21 Bguip Exposition 2022. Kenedy Expsion Gener, Loi, Kentucky, USA. The Eup Espo ‘ion isthe pace gp ting the ia ance ech riqucs an ecology. Once again ators fn The Davey Tee Expert Company are pareaig wich she ‘omen Tice Cling, Woop «give els 00 imbing and rigging niga. Threw he 7 ees {wth our paid eran) and 2 paid woos ai ‘the Allscson wl flr ISA CEU Orgied by Te Davey Tre Expert Company For mote inoemation, ‘osc Laur Gipe, Ifeequiperpason com, 1-800 538-8767, Guepvwwouipexpostion.com. 25 Crane Operation for Operators ané Crew Moris ‘Arbor ofthe Unni Teng, Pade. ems, USA This program wirevew rare ‘pation, OSHA and ANSI sands preopeion ingptin lad cha fifi einen are. Aer indoor insect in he morning, we wll move oie for andeon cane operations teningon he Aor rounds The couse i easmendal for anyone who tellbemorkng witha ce, nt sroperstr cies: Wis msc da everyone on 2 obser atv fae ‘rane operation, Oana by The Mots Abort, For ‘merinfrmacon, conta Spun Bruen, Suen Spenmaca 215247-9777 125, chupellesperene orsaroncum anaspsEveaD-25). (01 Nonsdowsve Tee Root Detection: Wha I the Sate of the Ard Webinar TREE Fund webinas bing othe he inne earch diely om de seis ‘homilee Thee ane hour webs 20 ie and fee TLOCEU (ony Ine Bcades) fn the fetal Soca of Aborceare (USA) che Sey of Armed Fora (SAP), the Nason Anncaton of Lndege Profesomle (NALP), and sommes the Landscape Archiver Coniing Edacaton Sym (LACES), his wena spose hy Andrew Nad PRD, and Jocin Mir, DAD sudene Organised by TREE Fund andthe Alans Cooperate senson System or more infornacon: (hep! ony/ bina (2-30 BCMA™ Fram Online Prep Course, Qube (Coase Tie cour prepare price fr dhe ISA [BCMA eam chro snes eres and akerhome ISA CERTIFICATION EXAM DATES {Shots amp ll opel cena ae Comper bud ctw eld cr cnn an Siren eft hr chan Chnigo as Pom CE Bina do decrt: ro on a nd oifor once a oe aon inl rma rl te coma Rome VUE ce Jou camsroned naga “Thefillowingloeiors ar proved Rr paper based cams. Foca snore i fem ar nlc, ponane INKS we (rw arboe con /CrdedFsamdafraon) adc, Se Eutm Dr an Loca ‘Tosubitan online application vs the SA web wiatbor “anvnyssouneiprefise) and ede Core Apion ude ‘be sprprie celral, Wen you have ihe pati your ‘nme, spy lek "Sbmi Appian 9 ISA Por adn ‘seca, pau vow ocean guided ele (rvotsnabrcnn/CadentiasWheh- Creel igh fr Yor) or Fim 20 Fi 25 lime 26 20 tii 30 O3Neenber Bata, VT lie 30 O4Novenber Chepahe, RE ‘lini 30 2 Dessnbe_Oreno, ME —_—_mit30_ NewZaaland 0} November Wein, SZ nit li 12 ‘New Avwil (rs ada CTW sis cam oc be wien {Gn bth De cia (ines ellsnd men ean ae Sheet » ‘ocrosen222|7eee TTI rama Coun notes ae proidad foreach ofthe 1910p et Couteprved gn conscave Mondays ad ‘Wales aa ban pve oe271SACEUs Ore ne by Ma: Dans Ro are ifcratin on ‘Se: Mask Dunamann nawptoresuy.c, 773-609.7284 (upaasnlpublnesteycoleens) ‘3Naive Wilower Meadows: Lets Get Real Mow ‘Artoreum ofthe Liven of pani Phinda, Fenayrnia, USA. Demand for ative meow, pr isa a aerate ew i renga yet ‘TRAQ COURSE DATES 3A Te Rk Anca Qulioon(TRAQ) progam pid an Tun fr pafeionl In abc 19 cpa hk novel Jean dig ne anal te aan The Kato cosa fw earl oe fllowe ty ableday tent dots en a el cmoponene Fo arma. cpa es plese rach TSA Dy Geminis TRAC) [+1 67367 0981) coma gushes cooly ISA al parca ee oso pi {and mast train ob home Fer es owed ey = troranAsecit Organ, pew cot he la eee on “The agercon deine ral one noth aed af he ite Fs TRAQ Remora Cause (consis fe ou alana ene rib wet scmnert hat roth ice ad Sd amen i rue ha ou tend eso sf actly pe snment in one norte quite dW Newehar Ghawrtcr “tin 30" imi 50° limie20 18-20 October "0-22 October 18 Oster “Ohlshorm Ciy, OK Ui 20 len Pai MIC fini 20 lini 30° iie20 ‘nie 3 nie 20 tiie 30" si 20 ee 20 26.28 Oaober —Hlabow OR emit 20 22-24 November Vicor, BC init 20, 1313 December Sem. OR lint 20 hem 04 050ceber Haar MS mit 20 Online Fore 30° Povo, UT. it 20 “Tempe, AZ lie 20 2-04 November Revie; imi 20 15Decmber Online Format lit 30° few typesaflandeape planing aremoremiuaderioad than there wikfower meadow with rary es raking Fon ident planing ad he we fpr pend pane Br bee ens Be esd hn the pling and procs ed rer the ceil cat ‘cet of out maeuty ocung meow commis. “More than one-year wonders mealows nde on hee “soit can pide longterm aly manage a ‘Says thac harbor april of wide and provide calor and eure oughout heya In chs al a indepeh ‘wolop, Laty Wane wl dics te dei, pl Insnston, and manager of matte mesos sg 2 ‘ciovofcac madi eng large andsmalclemesdoe 2s well profs angi in age fom inl exab- non ive sn ats exten, He wl als rae how gale desig principe can be wd in che meow Foca viol cand a cee gael oons 0 moral gan aa Org by The Mons Arbo ‘em. oem oration, conte Sephari Brea Shrnesaupenmaaay 2152479777 al25, dhped) ‘cptenc moreso oy/noaspe Fen D=25) 10-12 TCH Fspe 2022. Cone Convention Cees Carle, North Caroling, USA. Ackoriuure pote sonal om allen the wed show up TC EXPO co arse hr wold chs een: Wheder you are a ‘row ler, 4 cimber, PHC tecnica, oan ee inva inthe ec indy, he i the coerce For you! Sine the fi show in 1999, uc a tm bing tee care companies, quire and produce prvilers and indasry profesional togaber TCE EXPO has had comin rots ve he ae 30 yer tw cnsamly deliver he bo scan, rade sho and reeworing esperince. Onan by the Tee Care IndisryAxxition, For more information, contac (605-3145380,frpellnpossion 16-17 Parser in Community Foresey Conference. “The Wenn Sew, Sete, Washington, USA. The Pac es in Community Fors conference isthe Ingest Invemavonl uring of tan fortry pesctione, noses, rosie and permet le Ae this sears cnfrence in See, Warhingrn. you will be Song flow anendes who are pasonate about all ‘ings eses—fiom planing and ending, to the Inet search, Emsjone comes togther to share this bet and nd ew ies 10 bring home. Organized by The Aor Day Foundation. For moe inhmaton Ahapsiheatbonlyrg/peogrnilec!) 17-20 2h Anal GeortjaTes Unie Us Confrence sd Cling Campo, Ped Pk sn Manigold Assltram, Wiese, Georg, USA. Organized by the Geos Abort Auction, For more informaon, ‘once Christe Beant, infoageo labora. 240 728-9904, fupesgsorgnons neve 4867422), 01 Engaging UaderseredFopulationsin Community Tice Management Acvtis. Webinar TREE Fond vacbinars bing you the teint reach, dee om dh dere dence, Thx onehour webian sec and ole 1.0 CEU (oy fo live broadcast om the Interna Sacer of Aborcuue (ISA), he Sse of meriean Forests (SA the Nasonal AS ‘ston of Landeape Profesional (NALP), and some- ‘Sn the Landvape Acie Continuing Eaton Syme (LACES) This webinar presented by son (Gordon, PRD. Ong by TREE Fund and the Al ‘ura Conperaive Enso Stan. Fo mein so fhperchindonwebiae (08 Woody Hane Disemex end Pen in Our Changing, Landsrpe Moms Aran of he Unive feat shonin Philp, Penayhani, USA. This ely ‘eminar foes on the hak fade tin Pee bin and te Mi Aline gion mone ely. We wll, Tega witha module dicusng wht changing dinate and ronal weno pes ean for ex pla es prblems, Common and emerging pes ad di ‘cecil beaded, song wih caren iain ahd ‘one! sags. We wl dz the chllengs flan heh ce in changing muh growing ero ‘mens. Thee wll bean eg forum question and swe: ‘con and, witha puting hte wil 3 eli the Arboram netion fais on pln sles ad Insta ds ies. Organi by The Mons Abo- ‘eum. Foc mre ifrnoncontceSepbani Brinn, Sbmcau@upeaneda, 2152475777 3128, (opel ‘erence mosses apna D25) 15-14 184 2022 Anal Viral Conference. Ris ti fr ISAS vial cose, an anual ent srl Inch in he Seer The ISA Vial Con nce ofr an online frum for apn to nwo ‘dh oches i dhe aborclual proesion, This event Frovies# lneup of on-demand educa brake eon la by indasty fede fey around the pote oho wil hue dhe hough and viens aboot dhe ‘ouch, prac, and chal of ou lnk Thee ‘sons wl be rable for tends wo view For wp 0 530 ip flowing te vent, the pporuniy oa and epee ns ner ben ote convenient? Mele ‘ra on thi ya vent wl aval oon. One rine by the Innit Soccy of Acree For ‘nor infomnaon, contac Lia Le, Eaa@in-ecom, (678367095. pel neni acbocon Eels “Confrence AN {TRH AnERICN Thank You to Our 2022 NATCC Sponsors PRESENTED BY @Husqvarna MASTERS! CHALLENGE SPONSORNTINUING EDUCATION UNIT By Toons Whieney, Ada Bake and AD. Al clng Objectives Lt fr ect eros tht nat provide ie wha fandispe (Conner what charac make a insect “benicar Define “ison” Real expe of commercially sale aru eneies see the ine pets hey coal SoA, U.M,EL Ba, Bp rng mr eating, oe ont eon atgtph cous homes Whine, Bovey nie Beneficial Insects in the Urban Landscape Importance of Insects The prance of ine ect he deta, These arrappoimal 9250 debe pes ane atl 3 30min nd ps ann 197 Eoin 1983; Hari c a 2010), wich sun 1 tothe animal ams on ext (Hane 210. Bey for not re even ae thio acon eplae lg egal ein exo Pye nds aety coe, inti nour hn nde In vate, we wl cl the useanuem eno iners pie keene bre enc and “pest and dic he ne of Bowen cl eth siprcion of pss in ran kung Ecosystem Services Provided by “Beneficial Insects” eologiierns mong ling organisms al he thls ensioament bee thew fener an ing of ens dhugh an ecesem. Pinary peoduces (line via phony) fet hee ene ad semble nutes which te tanered up mui >= ieee of ensues theses: predator ct) and ‘ec again for primary production by dsomposrs In all tener and Fewer og, incuding a andes, sce sen componcas of he fol web, From atopocenu: perspec, most of hese isc ze “heen that hey ley hase nc postve npc on human ness Predation Preshon the wns of en ahighr aophilerd en prod Mls nd coats leans (Qn) Common eames nade praying maid (Mantod) FRgue 1), which ga rey with bata apo fone leg diag (Odonata which sec urspeing insects out of tidin and dy bes (Coleoptera ich gle bodes aps in out garens, Cons ings ses 3 popula sea. many nse nls hae predatory mbes. Pruorsareconsilera trl enc’ f pent a troup important conus wo ug pst manageneae (PMD. Soar gwen ag Parasitic Terai alo resulta othe enn cry ta higher trophic ed: homer, the method does ot inva il ingandsubsequen conning dese ove Pi staid, pemary wasps (ymenopen) and fies (Dipset) ay egg ono isd alagl on sing along, ecdleike sacar (epost) gure 2) AREY ea hace lara consume he bo whl tl lve inate reat ce tne: prey and patie ta a th realy kil. Like potatoes pu shearer ed in IPM. Many pros are spec tens ha ey on 2 nde hat pss ora MO sit of spec) so cpl hel eye, rng ‘hem dal een incon! poem ree sp ‘ep. The combined ef of peda nd pe ike boc gooupe of which ae coniered al “neice sippest beri pplons ‘Decomposition Desomposkin i the reeling oF organi: maser and suns, Decornpnes ak dwn comple nlecles ‘mpd of once living npn ito male mole Tar bung blo, Tas ener eoytem fantion suger ements nt hein fr by trary pods Inn ical Inia decompo, Feeding on mene dead oe decaying plane ad aim sthich mikes them more digeube fr other animal git bac Mucous inet ones Have ne ‘nth acts decompoes Common exp inde ‘ermies (hope), Howes (Der) and earn be (Coke Pollination Dinar ean ect serie that ae brand ep cons ornate ood webs Dee plintor com riser cam be tong inet of ecnetem hesh a they fen fle th deity of the Rom npn pa Timor groupe ince bey, was, haters, mat Faure. tumbles cnerad pollen kom ving hundreds owes cpegh sunny of Dod Cppenn bug fies, ad bers. The sex epedcion of Bowerng planes anges ofen re on nsec 0 erhange Pollen gamers) Brwcen Howes In fst, sgl plat linear fen esove sein romp with pe tic msec species ofl igi polpton ete tment Phin wl nie isc with nectar rvad n ‘aching for priv vist ewes within a ‘sie igue3) Sood ad eh reaer polins thot awe asthe Lara ages of pnaosHemes, tn npn od aoc or Fring sch a Tin (Narngo cl 2017 Burgh el. 2005), Ae cultural ek wdlnds, ae urban hndpes aie ly heal on dens and seco polar commutes Pests As wth dhe benef insects sted dove. past iness ‘ly serve imporane oes nan eoate, Met ss engage in heeblvry, consuming and smd\ITINUING EDUCATION UNIT weakening pla, Hebivors a primary consumers thighs tophic ves and us are found Sonal inthe How of energy thaighour an exon “here ae coum tence groupe of let heb ‘soe: many of which an be conse pests when io he than nde What is Consideres a Pest? Clesihing an nee beni “psi ua Iman exercise degned vo digs ow a organi Mf the value of oer ier Hurman-made furs, agiclne cop, fret seus, anderen the inherent of wands ae hngs thi old urn Beneficial have pose coogi and scone ‘pats but ps her event thie mene, dolar human rsourers sped dee, a considered masane, Some of emt deracv he emerald sh baer (grin plone ih ian ae speci fom Asie carendy decinaing Now Aner ah tees (Gmc pp) Orker is, ch ad suhern pine beetle (Cincom in astern Noh Artie, an be sero ps internat ranges. No opulaons of other ine beet pos kvl br his inet ako undergin range = ot revi vs Other os, cdc Delton aphid (Euler ips onthe health of dal es, bt te dered! pst diem nce they case nape oer vis the production of honeyde ‘Contec and pepo trp when designs Inga nce asa ps Cone th European pape asp si dona), apesay obra The Epon papr warp can Be consid «bai predaor .Phtngreps chery of sap arg apace ong nerves deflating ale Photograph oie Pom Wingy, ory bo ivan wap that hunts caterpillars. A boccl fame say dom cis wasp hrc bec mana Insonsef cage bce tell (Goal and Jen 180), bor 2 monarch barely coer would comers cae it dines nara ava on milled pln ingens (Saker and Poe 2020), Common Pests of the Urban Landscape There ae hc anton pines group othe ban landeape:deflton, spears. and wood bon Deflitors compried of any toro rps ep aly bees cela, and sis (Fyoenope md come ees gue 9, Le rinse tat he Tet fice ter meas les puny general csc delinon br peated Flag oss ‘an gfay une gro ede igs orem case (Seth ofthe ce. Sop feds comprised nay of che “ire bug? (Hemiprer)sxepierngncking mouth prs ose rrr an calla ade fen te pls (Figure 6: Where dlrs ls plats of thei sa rein cos eset ops of the ‘vz themes Like deo hes ad repeated peeing presre is equi vo cus a hay plant te dene Wood bores comprised primar of tak {nd wooboring bet, clesnwing mst and homes (Hymenoptera) ed intemal onde vcr eter of pn. pemail the poem and slem (ig 7). Va ‘uli frm the water sg and net raeapore Ste for pln which us rer ino or sina anche Thee of te tee ype oF pes co rod here, wo ore rey arte mae enact de torbeleconsmprion of th scr ises Figge 4. the bata, arnguching movipar op (2850 moh Pape ety of omer whiny, Fe 7, Woodring bak betes inde ore’ yxedar, ‘pun, Patgrph coenyo Temas Wy, Day Using Beneficiasin Plant Health Care Natu enemies (peator and parti) make a inglling ex Ax prof ab TPM approach, he goal to boar the casting communi of atu enmis (and mize ir capac opp pe. To ace cei Pstmanagemen gos, ameve, is seni no ‘ary we chemi jes, Paice ar an por. tana buttheycanonly be suc in elon em ethene) chp a ifr implemerato dacs ot have cosoeprdacve cffoson natural nes, Tn aon eo conan exsing peor ad pre sod popultons sna IPM opie the ese olga cond set da realy avaible Belogial con ‘lof pcan ivoh inrodicing novo ning na tal cms colder dy eeabsh or a puso A deny of loi contol po $d dates car be und a Table |. Examples ofmassreared, commerclallyavalable natura _gnemis and the pests they contr ‘Nate sem Tee Tacerng Agi cr ales and ee (iiimis Agni elegy Sa Pek nak Minuse pirate bugs Aphid. sider mies, dips. 20d whi Entonopopn: nana Ra sig eian sere Cited Baker AM Pore DA. 202, Ins paper masp cos ‘aban polar gen ino exlogsal aps fr monarch utr Lava. Seii Report 103553. pd on 10.19986598420-66621-6 Barghae KT, Tallsmy DNC Shiver WG, 2009, mp faceplates on bid and bare en ‘sbushealandap, Conan Bali, 230)219- 4. pig 1011117.1525-1759.2008 ‘1076 avin TL 1983. Top fore cnopic: The at ba ater. ulin of ie Bromo Sey of Ame 2901420. hpldovor/10A093b29.1.14 fa).NTINUING EDUCATION UNIT Goal WR Jane RL, 198, Plans (Hyena: "pic a contol gens or epidepreran age pt, Bevel Ent, 13119 190-158. Feld :0.1083ec! 13.1150 Hanlon Af Best, Bene KK, Grinbcher PS ‘Mile SE, Noy V, Samcon GA, So NE, “Weies GD, Yon JDL 2010. Quning snsesingy in eatin of tropic acroped species chines. American Netra, 1761909, poor! 19 10961652368 Jose D1975, Why archer so many spss of rst? In: Preis f XV Dnata Cong af PEO ery care uaa 4 The reing tie fonder dose rea & prelaion ine 1 pn ‘polation carling nd cn al sng 5. Thea ctl inion ad a 4 pollnzon rac ofcnmunig alive to sappn a ep Vo nd ural deme. 6 Wha boning soul ore cond wed lee 2 Png mane weixion Krone 4 tania oma. 1976 Ages 19-27; Wishing, DC, USA. Collage Fark (MD, USA): Entomologia Society of Amaia. 1976S 9 Narang Dl, Talay DG, Marsa P2017, Nave plane improve breting ad ang haat fe a nec ‘roms ind la! Cuero 213A) 50. hipelldooy10.1016 con 2017.06.029, Thoma Why Tea Aes Adon Dak, Tat Advi and AD. Al Mangere Tena Srey ee al ‘eth oe De tate, Te Dey Te Eset Comp Vey pun alas 10, Pony mga econ ane teen get apie rvaietlowpess 4 Sols Winpamaly enetamide St sy of apse Nae eTheydoseenmgerctie des Foie hor 1. aw move «The doe ede fie onthe ‘ealeinaomas on Whichepeofdgesmon cas ls ety So + Dalton boa UE Spteing © Se (Neo tong ios Gang 12, Themen hors Ap hae npeatoutpanede pieces Setchrweteenn © Sponge laprg 4 ibe, 1s exe, ls (Sie, al 13 Whchofeflowingis 1, NOT coke pf pote te Folin epnaryon pel "s Implemented Iacon of ps? steer 1 Ste pegs Pao mi Casihngan ines deensconn hen aaa eva 1 hin pee oF heave ‘Whats Sion of 19, Why ae dein ert? tonal 2 Therese ofshermtve They deem pono 1s The megan pla The ab ape diy They dana ee sabyemag here ens falpaciaraellowed —— d. Allefhesboe chee complance with imation] anda ft ce ‘ition bode concen tee rable (eonsensy In asiment of whit trend o be mest ad valid: (meatemene of de eget knowles and ill anced with hess and dues peso by frofecionale who ate de inn tet audio Fr ‘Be crlenc. Addon, ths acceaion nears ‘ach and dhe program ate aut ie anual on ‘emngte anand fiw nd inal ay Ingout cristo een T9Avear only leva achive ise of uly su ance in ceiicaton acts te spp fal Ivlvel—prokersons, employe and the palic— shi ar deine to ISAi msion to promate He pre ‘onal pati ofarbrcabr and terrae tide avons of te benef fi Fare what we do wou ein not be psle without the cme of ate who generous val tne hr ime and eens ISA. tough the Assure of epesin mule ek of pace at me form many psoas tenes ee ay and ‘aly of ISA amintions Name ISA conducts + ro cll Jo Tick Anais JT sprint ory Fre yeu fr cach fk eden. This procs eves or dvs ese of knowlege and dl hae een {i ra pofsoal caring gen eden The out ee of his pro accede of kode and lin has alec cueneds and apes of the pro fexion, AISA, JTAS a conducted through the a+ ‘anc ofa pychometican an expert inthe development of examinations fr rede, edvetnal, andlor femploymene purpose) and a group of abject mater ‘pera (SMES) wo ae paciones indeed This practic, ISA apport by members of she TSA Tee Cammsice who ferent diferee e- ment ofthe indy ad neaional grogaphic as “Thirgpoupafexpers and practiunz re rsponsie fot she devopment and msivenance ofa TSA crication ‘caminons. withthe noable xaavion of che ISA Tard Cerifed Maver Arbo” exriation, Tnaddtonvoshe ongoing consmtmoncand expense provided by te ISA Te Commi, ISA placed call for expen oie of he Cammiaee co yin in {hi prjoss We cece = ge amount of ices i pareipaton and racnutd st exper who brought ‘verry in rgrphicl srs, bd of pate, sds ‘aperenc lee sis of employe and elucatnd back {pound Nonbly weed reproentain om proesion- $lewrking i fer dent opine! ‘Ace mpl SME meting: and dscusions, che cxaminatonottine for this edema Is aow been evened q ennui ncade she mosecutent and sri and practices permed by prafesionls (eintelly qalfied nds) im the mast segments wre S8 Cai. employed in cus ty. Ara osteo hie sera roc and base on fggsementbenwen the SMEs evi exminasion ut linewas towed This evi exam oie was hen wed put of aaidcion sre ha war sen oe SA ce ‘bahar and other (piicone wha ae aoe 1SA crsdetlholde)engaen inte fl of arora {ISA and Comsponane meme). The alton sey as sent © more tha 40.00 practitioners and cede tl ole, and 1.812 comple and valid responses (competion of a leu 80 ofthe survey and active svoparipaon im the Feld of arbrcua) were tectie, “Through iis yadaton sure ace proesionals in (he fad ed a ovr poine ale eo rte consequence, Iimporanc, and Feeney ofthe since un dhe ved camino ating Al the ds a eainge vere then used bye prcbomeatcan o develop apenas tin loeprin. This prin: etnies the percentage ofthe enim andes es tho number of ams) nc sed wi agen domain and ask. In adn o communicating the ermanc of his le TA for the pogry we wanted eo ined he rst charges you ile in he cain tine fordelSA Cea Abed progr the coming as Is addon he syematic pros thse wf. owe forthe alas ofthe quam das ceed dough the validation survey ad herein vain. Sion Hue, ISA rvcwed carmen sited by Praciones and ene bodes. Some ofthe oth ‘nent a ined bet (previ sm a anonyme "mane pot the pray of ire esponer "Kong she ily end eof cid being Corinne providing ss infermation wo ple on rosne bss.” “Der easly rca domain fr te pri Ingestion” “Kole of te asi lly wha part Contd sbi Fo to Undenndg nec bilgy and pig iota making ae adage and neooending crete ation. "Whe we migh nc plone es « Cored Arbre sted no plot and pave own es ipo” “Table Darin dsrbuton nthe cent ceramination tine fo the SA Ceri Arborist propa Doin inthe centage of ues ecmninton seca th hedaman Sal spec De ison od Sei Se [ovaleson nd Exbltnes * Sie Work Pcice 5% “Tee Bigr Be Prone 16 Diagassan een ie lan omer *% TeePraon a “ee Rie Manspeene 1% “Al arbre sold hare base pruning eee (es bow pring ald edt and wha practices «bade ee). Hoeven labors 1k praning te pili foe and fy Jorcimbing end panting arent nde. [.-] fe “al ned ae ug fr mang nsonmenda tin prune, and wise for sdegnsnarcion plan” “rm myer eth, pr mepleng ong improper prove end praeas ba be ‘he mon prolife problem T have on ese ser aptin. I Te omebing daring og sie ple lng empha il even Faye f {tts not eomeed (apc dep of plating and ming the be th rent abs dined ‘aliments ma” Anew veson (am fi) of the ISA Cenfid ‘Aborist examination wil edad For tho aking the elation on or afr 1 Doser 2022. Th smears hati you ae ell or plnaing ere or this program afer thie ds, os hou peat ee he cuminaon wing che newer version of teem ouine luca! 2022/2023, ic alee on the SA wc ‘Se sit areca rel perl Clea) ISA Cried Aton Talo want to take shi opporanity thank de velansee who aso hs JTA poet: Pasko Mendes Casto for rprocaing the [SA Ciodetling Counc, “Ta Sanoj OSA Test Commitee vice), Laure Reid Dales (SA Tex Cornice mene), Vaibhav Rae (094 Tex Commie mebet}, Alan Herd Marlo Goce Una. Ray Lenka, JP MeDennel, T] ‘sk, al John Wan And ily, Dr Seen Hach ar biswokat he phoma in charge of he poe, “The expertise and cotumiten shown by ta volun seer and profesional hugh hs paws cd in meeting the goal ad requemet for ti proce you area prccing abort and wok te sine complete sich ¢comprcsve suey sincere hake “hbo 2, Uocoming domain dstrbution or ehe net pulcation ofthe ISA Geri Arbors examination, arcing on 19 December 2022 Dorin inthe ecg of ueion scamnsinn socied ihtedeai Tees i Te encaion an Seon os Sol Mapemene ms [eval anc Exbdee sing i Dirt Tee os ‘Feeand Connie oe Teak 11% Soe Wer Poets 19% Uae Foy oyerry ae yo) U 3 TCL a COVERED. vith a JARRAFF ALL-TERRAIN TREE TRIMMER Than an Entire Crew t ere et era Will in One Week i ee eee ecco and GO HOME SAFE i DNR red (elt TNL PROFITABLE Cea ie Wc Renn eMia yee % BANP] e000 A PUA) Toe isa.arborwear.cemBranch Attachment Strength, Part |: Structural Components By Dr. Kim Cader Teanhes were an aly devlpenent in ues whic ed so may ac ics and slain within ee beth and fina, Brinch connections and tel freemen fecame ly oe srl and ccs Banh cone tion pons to supporting sem oF branch eoecion Png so suppaning branches, celled conlunee A ‘Sofience whteresoirces rng fom many Tees fra raty anes est. Vinsaling how benches ate trace o stems al baw they Begin w al ea help (re heakh cae provides mange sown fe, aus ring rechnias, nd enfre aks. Turbulence Conflenc tions combine stand banchsylan sad Pho anspor flows, produing renin cone tion and eng shang ee developmen (Nevis [Eysceal 2016) Allfondandasnclated gro pulse Saws fom throughout tre crown ae consolidate ad FooD & GROWTH REGULATORS main flow pecondary flow confluence area Fiore 1. Shbronch cnr a vere and goth "lw ups anverge nasa TSO Eerhonge evenly ve down te em (gut 1) As the lw of ‘se mac froma branch jie he suporing se, foods growth regulator flow aces 3 eanfluence are, erate ig he change, which actualy and ESlogclly apport branch we erhancng stem ede anspor and dels, The ders comer of thick wall patchy col and erctzl Ses have tren cbsered inthe as of confunce, long sem fing dey and for unions Novis etal 2010. Flange Area A pris selling ranch ont ech st funge ese cl gue 2) Aso ange i Ins pupa spp lange veda Belg conse ton and plombngsapping real ppd in a econ ey nips (Cod 20193) Toe foc ngem ange sands bench be ep fol and altel for bad Gangs ad pening ‘Seca intheconfocnce ul aes Wide al hab Inge beach dnge se eg wl oy er Sr) BRANCH Fire 2. hm ange in am brnchconfuoce proc eo sand Banos 2016; aes. 2017), One oslo ode deine, stm tis wil ever 10 shen forms (inernode\Navikayae 3 2016, Sen ing ares should bo ctlyconsened and reser out Injuted egies fs ble lng oatwad along branch (Dajan and Line 2015MFigue 3 Tissue Connections Te ble andrea! movement ofa branch tis anchorage polite raaton of the whole branch (Gojacara ea 2019). Sem Farge nus have a ge pont ofreinorl ay ll lng won ton (na alia dusion fan Caton ta 2012). Ye vascular bundles are genet, movi Gn heat Inv ees athe branch a, llowing for a tong bt Hoxie rachmert res (Hou ol, 2016 Tse em layers prove meng a8 they af sorta so 8 Tanck th a sinounding mt of tfc pare lym cls mlling dv Hebi Hse. 2010), The shape of conc te epimindtrouzh Incr cmb activi expanding de ange oh tench a rode in oer ood Inline concer ons (Muller cal 2006 Ried mounds om ithe se oF confuence ac cased by now Her prc in poe to brinch atachen aa mevemens, ich hp enor the ange te (Ser 2021). Rigs oF mounds of tue on eer side of branch cnflence represent a ection to steal challenges, spell From lateral wind lads Sate 2021. Axil Wood A the wp cnr aa stem ange the al aa ofa ‘wanchconduencel Figure 4). Moi allary cen periderm Fig 3. Storch confnce ea wih pram ion de ge 88 048 9-7") ft Fae 4 acct bach lam blow otronch and arse eer woodtap of enfones (8 = 08 them lng ae several dfn dan und ingisucs. Asay sua which reanderlané hllnges tnd wel supped wits food ae denser and roger chan sounding eine se wood. Alay wood Soy in confienc 13% © 54% preter than sem wood ery (Strand Enno 2015; Meow and Str 2020, Slaer 221 ‘Al wood acs hve 12% lower mite content (teas and ltr 2020 66% fewer wer conduc ing ysl (Sher and Ennne 2015; Novia a. 2016) 589% mae ave parenchyma cle (Newitkyaet 41 2016} a greater celal ks dh sured Ing sr si (Slr and Enos 2015), Aly won sung i 200% 10 500% song kan rounding stom sues (Jane eal 2017 Toh ant Sle 2015) Resisting Loads The sl aa efs rach onuense rk on as dense irony iterenved and orcs pat. ‘es whic pede mana sopra pong lin he ceatng (sre 2008 Strand ation 2010; Matha ral. 2015; Se and ano 2015; Sate aa Enos 201 Jameel 2917 Tila Str 2009 “Meadow and Ster 202) The whe ithe ct sige gain poms fund inthe wale af cr Ivan centece prose more thin ie ene and comprasion ser of ajcet sn wood (Sate and Ennor 2015 (n fos aly tue ae spay er ongoch de (0289) anlar the apex (031) oF (he usin conpared th subunit tes (Stuer and Enis 2016), Homer, anything preventing ‘ranch monennt orld clones oui Ele 0 Sm inner woods etal. 2017)fe sent Srv ar Soar Componente ch re goth cre sem and branch ic eserted a4 spore © ne lad chalngs, which Bude fange and alae od stance wo fae. Tneilocking wed grin pares reper: the shoes sped Bow oss 4 coelaence but eae lem trate coduton to be sgl edad lar and Enos 2015). Where anlary woo i ising ope een (bl) i inde within sem Hane. bra onnesos az iii vee oll nd Slater 2019, In feunlons, U-shaped conflence stoner than a Vahaped confence die 0 more cz ier Jee lary cscs (Kan a 2008) Periderm Unions anchor hg, pede inn wit on thes ‘ace abn x conlucnctappea tn cure aun, de ‘vad ad nay fom branch ba, longing ery Jest hice igh of ane cange we have bat {erated neath Inked a¢ te topmone poison (ci ofthe ser-branch confuence. As bod er and Franch gow in damete, ness regretted cos the center of he conduct top, ith older eases ‘Houhed fo the ss, dvi lah every yea The ‘sil perder union oes where stom and rae (Sones rorenated ino «sanding wove (Coder 20198) The perder union e noc 3 ding line tecwen stem snd ranch ss, bo ign ofan ner: locking and interme ce ta which sified 0 hese of he conBuence aa arb ranch and ae {gow in dame (Matta. 2015) Tra tem Aange bl as confluens, dominance Ismail by tc em (em ont) der stem Fling spss acorn shen the Bi ro Franch ie dominating the stration wih Is ser (branch coneeiManheck e a 2015). Tis branch deminance or sodominanee genes poor sro imereonnesdone wth dae sem, rl beginning branch dameer mache Gt 7590 f the mee of these whee sana The baht ec fence known at 4 branch i (BR ie, branch base ‘Samet dame srr oti. Connections and Faults Branch base atchmene win confluence canbe Toston where branche fil nderand, Se ss sta Uae branch ange ren wid ange sie inte tina interes a onapping goth iemen, bo ncesng bench fre rasrance ung a 2009), Aleatng per of eae stem and branch ser ond and bow a banc at crite to provides for theaexanen angle. 2009). Branches ar sed oa wemby bo sal but 00g allay tte neon the coalloees top and by teilongbeinch race hank below anc which 'staouporaed int she se (Shige 1983; Maller ea stom Internode tissue edge branch Ip Sit me go nc map touncumgeamanas 2006, Banc es fo che race below 2 confluence ilps eunch cand oan em (Matted etal 2019) 5) Confluence Changes “These ange suround# banc se wt is iced dey and cl ml er anh sing the ‘rood wha inconen,wovd se snares be Xppruchinga stu ang raw elated ow de Epa tll ang wich ows defo 0 feb (Gude ca 201, Tc ofc sas ami oan with ding wood deny Ts com inten filing wood day etn ep re terre oct ad cad progr and and Crochet peeing fas bows anc and {gta sue Gang cal 200), The ranch Sothern fat igh tnd vey wood {Bo pene the nr fen ae by mining lod emf om bach wo tn whl oligs Back plc Gunga cel Su gue 9. Fallings Ione appre ach arachment sco branch file shoud be namin, How dolrnchs fa? Bench STEM ‘TOUGHNESS standard stom Tl moderate igh ech ace umd (oengn oa 2009) ge 6, Taha of tm or veh conlonee [t= 058 faureisa common evn tes, noe oF branch fakes dang sro sor branch ales were ns Ty 5 incaded perder ons 9.7% bons aed Frage concnratin 80 caminat bias 115% Iranch cin 19% del branches 25.89% onereended Tanck and 3.39% branch dey Koc et a 2020) Tnanother ud bench furs wore cad by branch for branch deey (3%); endominant branches {Uo ako ning andl ang (10%; branch tase perder ncn racks and sharp bende 23%) nd simply exowive wind/nomfice lode (486Kan iafien ral 2021, Benches and itachi aes ful fora varie of exons With al dicsons of banc fly, souk! be mer that fora maori of ee branches which fal under song wind lads, mse are ne dese (Kane snd Finn 2014), Mosr branches ful ng offs in ne is, sid dks (Kane and Finn 2014), Forceps fale causes acd with doles ncaded weak oy Huences (30%), dey (129), of combina (450. ‘On de other hand, branches fling had sane eects of conan (89), day (1380), and combina (4%0)Kane and inn 2018). Ths ass dug beebes Bil when oveladed, repress of eet (Coder 2019, Conclusions ‘Visual how branches earache wo seme gue 7) ae hw thy pn alae helh ct o= ‘ides manage cowa form, js prasingeigues ‘ed ei Ere rks, The eng of branch tc Inenarescan compromise by may hing Suc Fi 7. Ieee ondrmaed nn othe sem mh cofuenes ora punern omar acasofa sem ange must be poet and conserved ‘Vid aseaments sing thee branch atachment ent arabe can be pected sett Bach Sxssand fae. These val asesmene atte wl Tre etewel in Par ofthis aie eres Litera Cid (Gok KD, 2019 Tse astm: Branch aachmen ‘hens (A, USA: Unies of Geog Ware Sthoo of Forsary 8 Natu Resse Outreach Pablistion WSPNR1S-42, 29 (Coke XD. 2019 Tice seth and stance damage andr ce so de, Athos (GA, USA Univesity ‘ofGconp, Ware School of ory 8 Nard Rear, Outta Pabaon WSPNRI9-22. 39 DajeictlenD, Lise W. 2015. Te CODIT prin apo for bor pices Engh eardacon (Chapsi USA loreal Sc of Abort. [62p, Gainer , Berry 1 Moals 8 2016, Revive Wind impacts on plan gh echnicsand dam Pan Sen 2455-118, pelo 0 10165, plac 202601006 se L, Maser Leupol J Spengler N, Speck ‘oink JG. 2016, Magnet sean mag ek fiona anamany and bene of Ting dgon ec. Skene Rpoe. 385, he ong 1038p 2685 Jan KR, Moore JR, Shur D, DableGA. 2017. Tce Vache: CAB Revs 2017(12).111 bp hon (0.1079/PAVSNNR2O17120 Jungs! K, Goebel, Burger |, Fatal 22008 The re ‘Sonal proper fo the mecha dapeon »srbranch ncn, Sie 2505.60. bap ‘g/11007500468-008.03059, Kane B, Fall. Zedskr SM, Loe JR Smith DW 2IK8. alr mode an ped ste of branch tachment Arbre €-Ushon Fons. 34(5}308316 pedo org 804.2008 on Kone B, Finn JT 2014 actor ang branch Ses npn gown tes ding sot in Maaco se USA. Spring 3720-bs tong 118572195-18D1 3-720 Kocser AK, Sky ET, Hae R, Kane, Klein RW, Landry SM, Sherwood M 200. Cin pofeionls ue klo0d of lens ropa foim Maton UibunFosiy Lon Grog 52: 26701, peo ng 10.1016 2029, 126701 Marek C, Bete K, Weber K. 2015. The os se fre Enlai faa. 102 Engl cna, Kane (Gexrany): Kaleube Insite of Tchncogy. 547. Meadows D, Ser D, 2020, Asuna of dhe ad Trang cc oflinddd jnons in Omg money te presence and iene of au Trace Adana Ui ren 63). 210227, Inpsidaog/10. A804) 2020016 Mule U, Gin W,froninidls G, 208, Bomscanisx of abranc—Sem ston sft. Tt 20:65-648 bes dt 1.1 007056.005 0079-2 Novia L, Nklasa N Glo N, Tain SepenosL. 2016 The ees dest ol pacchyena ‘nck in Klan bch wood ont ofl ‘plore, Sem, SOLA. hp! otow/LO.4214K61461 Pere JA 2003 iad beer nde of tee fare Lvestations nto bending see a branch junction and reese of Epes fibers rsa Pee Ha Uren Horde 2003 hagat 27-2 Bein, Grae Beau Bers (Garan): Belogche ‘Burdesaa ir Landed enrich iB lund Bryrscyey 394125-131. apeongh 10.5073/20210706. 114400 Sigs AL 1983. How cee branches aac “eu, Cameo na 9f Bay. «38):191-1401 ep doing) 10.1 139285193 Sire 2021 The mechanical ecb dev ‘ped sound inched bane anton of aed (Copan) ar ote es Fi. 3553-56 ps do on/ 10. 1007F0468-000- 020532 Ser D, Ennor AR. 2016 An asin of the aod ing freon i hel (Ci eline Lm repome bang ling and ingore SSserD, Enns R 2015, necking wood gin pars ve npaned wood sen properes in fre Fhe (Cap senna $7(r2t-32- epg 10 1807080713752 Sse, Harbison C2010. Tovar new mode of Tranch aaciment Arran! real 3395-105, Inapsidv og 1080103071375.2010 9747599, Teil RM, Se D 2019 irene in ata base eoweon ety mate see es of Norway maple (or platonideL.) nd malice ime (Tide. sie Mil, Rancho). Arbor! (2 105-125, pe ior 10.108003071375.2019 1591048, van Caste A, Ser WL, Thorpe SKS, Coward ‘eompeon RH, Eanos AR. 2012. Why dont branches sp The ncn of Bong it in ree te arite anghnpecm ts, Tins 26788-797, pes! ‘btn 10, 100700468-017 an Haen M, Lia Y, Wang, Zhang ¥, Gardebrol (G Fis , Mein M2021, Undensanding tie fallae—A stem rien and means, PLaS ONE. 162)<0246305, psig 10 137 Vjoumal pore 0246 ojckoe Tipp J, Hore Pras, Schr ‘Bras M. 2019. Numeral anal of bach ‘mechani spo to loading. Arora Urban Fey. 458120131 hp do 10 48044/pn£2018011 ‘Dr KiB. GodesPfeor of Te Big & Hea Careline Hl il fr Disirued Onroes sent of eg, rel Shel of ory wr Rens, es, Gerg, USA Work here. Inrive here “After exploring a variety of coreers within the green industry, | can honestly say that I've found the »» career, and the company, © where | look forward to going to work every day. | feel fortunate. to have found SavATree. {know that lam able to continue being a good steward to the environment » and connect with an amazing clientele on a daily basis. As an Arborist with SavATree, what | do matters ‘and is valuable. There's tremendous honor in that.” ~Sara Jensen ISA Certified Arborist Lown Consultant Cultivate your career at SavATree e MoreBox Tree Moth (Cydalima perspectalis) Notes By Chl Abbou, MSE History Box nse math (Caine pep “Ain thar can eae sigan eonomic prolminandy apes ‘Bara (box) specie peered hs ahs ap lly spread eoughou Erope Dying 2007 (lan 1.2019). fs 2018, bar ee rod (STM) wa Mee ie Nor Amerson pope in Tern, Oni baie ohne Ben introduced va an invasive spe Impact. This mosh spe haanan tarprtsion of erty eae (Wane 32021). In 2021 the USDA apfemed BTM in Mich jean, Connon, and South Carina whee it had ‘Sie on inne mune stock fom Ona (USDA APHIS 202) Impore of boswoo wa hale, she need awn wore svbeequety dearoped (USDA APHIS 2022), Howere abo in 2021, the fist fil prea popultion of BTM ws and in Nagra Couny cond in Now York, which i und (USDA APHIS 2020, ening Dispersal and Damage WE he pea othe ra ely ven by an renee of pa eta. he tl BTM en als Upto 10 kn (25 mW e223). The BTM Cia are poet pen depen oa ‘ons bu in Ono BTM ere coistly kas 2 ens a ported by Wiener etl (202) This tion ie ue an contrast the contin ug sed ap rp pea thine pr. Another on er sda the overaneing sage of BTM rnp lw a -30°C (-22 Ska 2020) The damage done by BTM in Nord Ameria cold be conse ar wl (gure 1, ater nar of BTM, ills) consume only oe side spc the ty seaping the ephermal sues ‘using Wha bon eee «> a window pang” damage Wiser a. 2021), Lae lvl inva sklonie al dfolacewhele bexwonds (Plane ral 2019) 2}. When infos igh Sea mah (BTN domeae oa bocwoed hada om oo: Noh cau/ dake ox wal sh seeing rear pater in ign fl Stor econ Chl Abbon awe 2, Coroup damage om ST shoving et age hats ron clr ‘coins aoe on ebbing hem oval fend gh, Popp covny of Cha the bark ad shoo of ox wos ging 2nd cause api dele and ‘edacion of their acct apperane (Pt eal 2019) While hee are ther specie Nor Amen ha a pote hows. ich at ewonpmus (Exon 5p) and falls) it anpsrs BEM pres culvareo b wend compleingis ent dec he pene (Wher eal. 2020 'BTM oven aa 2nd Se ina a iad ein) Pita These overwintering hres seer ink ‘xcons en borwnad ben emperae ech sound 10°C (50 (Planet 21,2019; Pos a 2020: Wise el 2021- Di fase terion and inion of ding ey fac tor of temperature and da eng and theo wl be ‘abl each year but gual Bregeentnon ter a fading hai in ut mid May EOIN mi Jane, aed cd generation fig ous in aly 10 eho Wieser tal 2027 Iho bene ae Feng from the ssondgencaton ie kes sychrnled sers egos and can pera int Seems (West 3.2020 Inwarmerclnats, moe gsenons ad wien cv 1d husthe fein prod wil be prolonged (Pant 2019), In bee ding segs, pupation occ and ‘Mule mod il dpe one ara (Sead 20 Identification Ege, ale yon and “sige ie” on he tines obonwond ees in group 52 pure 3) + Lamae (epi: ut 2 cn (0.75 inch) and preish-llow wth Hak cape ade and ake ig ack and white pes wy ak dons down ‘helen of he boxy. The BTM is teeny known et tht loin te eaves of bowood, which ‘ever hepil wth BTM ident (Figure) Ahi clraton of moths of BTM ca be ail ‘Mot ade ace (13 inchs) lng whi wih a brow borer o rhe an nd wigs sal min hi ay be ently bow with ll ings pee on the fering Management defer gins ine pe The USDA Ania "ase He aspsion Sense (APHIS) eornmends repens tothe gicng/ ein rm shoot angce Math Note Gonna ‘be we oF backer tape with pheromone lire ney fore pce chug el ony eae the mae th 2 such, Wiser et ab 021) recommends thee oF ‘hrnvnee(UV) apes an aitonalsarping io Trapingshould ke Jone in casonsajcen epored _ingro siinquskrecion te rong, |S of young BM ape [Candin quae edo cl) he igi be Nog bmw ane ude cans reap ety Tecra Dawe fee Span Conpeny EIN lo. Noah wabigla th around lbp wichson hae Popaps coun i Choe Abbr purpossI fined Tres with esablsked BTM popuaions the we of Tbk Bae hinges, arta ox Spied ped wezshave proved elec i raaging ts pest, Ho ‘ot, pope timing and ceverge ae npertiveForbet resus Bk applatins have shown to cause appr mutcly 97% bevae poreey and set fain a hour afer ingestion (Gaerig and Here 2018; Bur Janae ea 3015), For ea anager, aplication: Targeting el sage of BTM choad be diced vo che Undes ofewer to ease ingestion Faerie ‘ppleaion ae recommended, beau in general ode laa hades manage, snd in he is fhe BTM lar aa ge wl cst weber tents tha can she ve than om pescide application, Honora os dining can sob efit tea on tay nwa f BTM lavas Ung olor emp quis complete comage, a pea aplicaions may be nec say fr mama ei, Sofi, no baron el par be ent ships, but he clears of Buz mrp Roos 48 mola jan aswel ate hybrid Bet tBu spe 10 be kos ssp (Hemant 2120) Adon hough abosny sie how igh mot aes of BTM lara om the use of enor pathogenic ners and thee ae soca i ‘hued hata sel parse BTM, bila 2 ona pvc 5 eget foc wse on BTM, a fee thi iv not rcormended. management meth at tis ie (USDA APHIS 2022) Literature Cited Baranadse M, Supa A, Gort, 2019. Com ‘ol stg apineinenve et box tee moth {Goals pope in Geog el Ineraiona ‘Sympoum on Innovative Approaches a Scenic Sri Anirs Takes 2019 Api 19-21, SETSCI Conon nding Spm 40) epee scence com manageapls/ISAS2019-ENS “hota ETSCI_ISA82019 ENS-00'2_001 pa Gee, Here A. 2018 Suscepbity of the box use yr Culms ppl Weer (Lepidoper: Cambie) ro potent bilgi conta agents se (NeewAns-TIS) and quinopubogenc remade (Nema aed ia bore bias fd afoul of Pla Diss and Proc, 25.65-375, hed 10100751348 18 Iss termansD, Denaghel H, Hone 2020, Het sp bly of vais Buespp. wo bax math (Geena ‘espera Wales) I Tad etal Sporn fon Crop Proton: 2021 May 18 perp teipcontenfupo/2020/10/Howrauseptly Frou Basae--2020-englversion pl Pant OW, Bole; Salibury A, BadS. 2019. The box re math Guiding prea (Wale, 1859) in Brin: An overew of tr sped nd cent tts The Entomol Rcd nd Journ of Varaton 31:122-147. hnpestwwnasongal adn box-uenmed jane perspec tou, Bra A, Pineau P Lome Rogus A, Rows “Auge Roveberg M agate M200, Dipae pilin inner lradl environment: Tern ton ting allows matching noe ciation lnhebox me meth, Guo pope Lepidoper ‘Cembida rac 19). poy 35901090629 Sala MJ. 202. Box te moth, Baling Universi sk (PA, USA: The enaybane Sate Ue (allege f Agia Saenee Penn Sate Ete so, [Upara 2020 May 6 hepevosenon pot dbo UUSDIA APHIS. 2022 Bo ee snt (Gulis pepe: s)cooptatve con rogram in elt conn New ork Se inl Environmental sexe May 2022. herd (MD. USA) US Deparment sf Agire Arial and Plane Heath nseton Serie 4p peewwaa gov plane eee download!2020hox och ade curtis ny sate pdf “Wiener A LwelJSrith SM, Score Dupes € 2121. Biology and dibucon ofa es mk (Cyl ong eli, 1859 south ‘Orarin In:Predig of i ernie sani Conic on Bray. TECE 2021 2021 Jy 1-13. Bal Gwizeland: MPL psd ‘ong 10S350/15CE 10514 Adina! Reading, NAPPO. 2019, Phytosanitary Akt Systeme Destin of Gidlna porpecals oem) Ona, Rakigh (NC. USA! Non Americ Plt Pein (Oxgnizaton. (Aces 222 July 8; Uplate 2019 ebrey 21, hese posal onotca- ps sep devion=yJalina-pospecalisbox-ueeodh “Celt Aibon Me ra sonicated ano ‘pclae wit he Davy Di ofthe Day Tee ‘Expr Company AOL ULTRA ee a aa Cee SAAC) Ceralla clr chang in Gna Prk, Cond Understanding Autumn Leaf Color Change in Trees By Fie Sirs and Prof Richard W. Harper Introduction “The combinacon of we space an lin pein he temperate ios the Unite Ste apd Cards lo ‘Se epetence nt fw oes mee wl enjoy om intent, walepeead sle—ee bella eolertion ‘ssc ih sears ef ep (Pg) Thi sa Seneca” of lage of redone decd ee and hubs ide shades fll. orange. es and even Sometimes hus oF pple nd Hse A popale route ‘eas, his phenomenon fae oer rosy and “nation among sentir and te lee alk, Het we embark upon amore indepthundesanding ed Inge ene oF Bl lessor What Is Leaf Color Change? “The color change press asacined wih atu ka? sensei natalia vis ce sf the ead fhe rowing anon, Anna eens ined by change in photopetiod thar nau cur day= length shortens in the ll—an astronomical excatence ‘hats moe constant than oer fit ke rain or meee, Fas Hike sug recat a ‘emperae, hoveer do infvence clo changeand ay dla, xpi, ean, ocven abate the bilance ofthe clos alte with ol secs “This procesfleaf ele ange the organ ste down of an oxgan ethe eae) tat idee ‘smobiie and eb ied auto te suet tefve they ashe As celular fonction decrease and celloranses Le, coop and oer comple see ‘sae decanseucted aren areexpred om he eave othe branches ad the we of the woody plant for us at ler pone. Daag the enna sg, che procs came to cose when seen of ell owas tm abscision les forms beeen the lela and she ig piven the cen of an ope wend ad -nting clean spain bowen plat sues. Celle Tacmembrncs and others ofthe the udp «Final degadirion bore bang shed Why Do Leaves Change Color? “Thechorophyl pene harman by coro ats gives phocoyathee sus thei chasers ‘geen elon as chlorophyll degaded and dou struct, the undehingpmenctions become veo thehuman eye. Cascade borane ample of tse cer pgm the produce yw aed eange hes thar were snpy mashed by the mee predonians cl ‘op duzing che ate potans ofthe rowing se, Some especies like Gingho (Cine bo) Fge 2), csenulycondlde se lef senccoce proses 28 this ‘Sage te ten wee, commenc prduing ant ‘yi, These igre ty rece varying eat of ‘el bt sane cy ay alan dingy hue of pple aad ver Bue. Vas deciduous eee specs exit colors ‘ete form amheeanig including apes (Ar epp) (Figs 3 and), dogwood (Serie Cormac, eet, gum (Ligier spi), Bak gum (Nya - 4) and eeain oaks (Quer spp) Figure 5). The pro> dlc of ptboyanins in leer may lobe noted eal merging gra phenomenon known sine. nile eddening gu 6), Ieisspecustedhatthe rel eslonon oflesesisdesined vo tact seo disperse in the fl sir othe el or > ae ig Seabed te eat erie bane colin in ue hal ipns, [otal ue species tht produce anthesis, howe, ‘ced inthe ill aod sme eyo othr ent of send ips incdg wind lo spose hat the righ esata 2 warning wo beivrs such as api, hae dav less should not be ngs “his may be compandie wo 4 phonomenon tha cred the anal go ktm a apse. “The prossion spans: cold fl epenmres a ln boc proposed wo expan the pens see pga ‘What is kaown, howe, i tht athe degadton of tlorphyl ene the ees may alsa rar ligt than they iat Thi edt an occtence kn slightston wich beh decree the fice of po tory and coat dapng Reactive One Spe ‘des (ROS), ike Iyer pride, Acting 0 the NNacient Reorpion Hypothesis, photosymheis mast ‘ominue to cable soey of iin rm the ares, pd theanthaqaain ar ae und inthe peta sues (eg. pls menphyl and epider) may srs seme of the incoming ight, avenge ROS molecules 25 Sh antondant and Raseonally protect she chops fiom damage. Ths. hocjnins muy provide ea assisance in maining porosneeti cables and here ak nthe compen of nutes. “The nex rer oa chsenegy cypendite woul eed when the mins thar wore sr nthe fl come el ity avalbl inthe sping ashe vee pushes out new ro forthe Sillng so,nding Aun La Color Cha Tres oie rnge eal een gr mop (Acer nec ding al The Nutene Retorprion Hyporhas dos haem suppring evidence a5 ths been bsesed that r- ier dgevod (Sue rea lee that are edn colo tron hive rponded mor forably 2 set cent than thi yll ountespas (Bel x 2001). Add ional eign maple (Ar hanon) lees wh ow rogenconrrt ave een show o prod the ree Teves the fl lie vo gen lees, petal od crting higher aed for eckene nuwene sesrpton erg 2003), Farber wor by De Abby van dln Brg and cllgus ac the Unive of Vermont tmployng crop Aucscence imaging. bower eed no conch erdnce dat enthoganing ia ‘ir maple don fc subsaaly enka igh aren Inger antowan ables of he aves (van den Berg and akin 2007 yan den Berea. 2009; a den Beg feria conmuticon 20), "Whatrer thereon fr dhe production of tho cyanine—and the afta i pinion that we Ear Snes es apollo cle. Pedigree Sk (Soc cv imporance of tele nine reycling capi tes areas 50% ofthe nivogn thas manulacure in tre ea ese recovered dar fl ea enecene and sora or fue we What Role Does Climate Change Play Vibes such sunlight, cmpernane, aud preption thurndlucceaucumn af smecenceare ina sof Bu veto dinate change: Ia fc, obseasns fences and aman eens dene ‘loc change ow occuing around a wee tr con pared eons rm he 1950s cough he 1970s (at 2021), Scaistsaho aleve waeme nightie er pects may led 0 les spar roca lathe fe “Ths, ee muy have ve estes othe roducon fanihocania pigments rales. end that may ‘onine ar eperturesconaue wo warm in erperte relots ofthe US and Canada, Waemereeperaues ‘iy do lad a phos incre and en © the deradiion of athocrani pigments produced by theplane "Wh the pogetion os changing ie, the cn ler ofl el eolor change wl no dou cosine {obec more tance, demanding fhe sda sera by exer and ame ike Ip che mex me thee of ws arate ech nein eget ‘ions among the deiduos es can continue to cnoy then show Fg ual ering on ely emerging red oc Inde fuer ro my Literate Che eid TS is DW Halbook NM, 2001, Why ever wn rein autumn The eof amount fro dol. lan hia Toi 0.104pp 010063 el K2021 Fal aig Bopping Hecate changeit dling ding youre eping Te Wang at hupelinenstabigeopon.conlvesie! 2021/16/06 eveclinane change beg Ba den Berg AK, Ma, Shae ‘Donnaly J. 2003 Faso nein red eon inaeunn age of ge maple re Te Pilg, 23():35-393 pl dag 10.109 333395 van den Bagg AK eins TD. 2007, Conan tnoeanins tthe ania capac of ee nd eeing ge aple Ascher ees sng 107 FPOTOGD ™ van dn Beg AK, Vogelmann TC, Peas TD. 209 Asthocynin influence on ight boon within [vena ees saga maple nes Do anaocyzin ation phorprmtve ve lige seen? Faso Pee Bi. 369).793. 800. og IU72/EFQD00 ‘Adios! Soares Appalachian Stas Unive 2017, Wl global care hang lf fillers Boone (NC, USA: Appa thiae Sate Univers Dement of Bog: ps Iologyappemte ntl gltabcimae hago fl slo van den Bog AK, The ene fil ea olor rebel ‘UrtanFoey Tony. 2018 Oa 4, 54 ine hupulwwattanbseaeyalavorpivehsseardine: Il Bie Sta gud of Senta Pd and Fring progr a the Serie Scho of erica Riche W Harpe, PD, se Ese ate Pe str of Urban & Comm Fry in he Department ‘of Enionmertal Coneraton. Bah ato ed “the Unive of Manas Abert. Te ators snl ik thane De Ay wo den Bo, Dior of Veron forks ana aie Al phase rune of te uc, Tage aed Se ee ars cy Creare Soneeneees een Cie erate eect creeriy Richard Hauer, Deborah Hilbert, Andiew Kosi (Cecil Konjnenij, Johan Ouberg nd Grant Thomo The hun fre ina mine of peopl, plan, polis, and planing (or Ick dace?) thar eu in or dy lndsage teractions. Tae Unban “Tice Divesity 4 (UTD!) conference touch on thee op and brought ‘ogee exper rom co he wordt St. Pete, lida, USA on 2-3 Aus 2022, Thi icine of the long runing conference sti wa ded nrentng Usher Fores Rly «Cig World be ping, there rented wel with ot we ce tae a ocley te identi how ders han fot can rake fr beste plc oi inde Faure, A cite pare of dew ping bate urate i anleranding how he ps de the te fete we fe day. Ti ance pve 2 ‘uma of tector, inking dicasions om ler UTD conferences thle en anti oes init fra move dere ter popelation xa zxzas ede hv rc pct ond hos Lt hi Uo [CEO acerca Aton on neo Aen 27 (weave bre Forca Chop Ia, ond Cat Phan Bathe Drvoor BA) Moogephsirny ot ie ie, Linking Past to Present and Promoting the Future ‘Ae tne mpi, UTA wa theo in tof ecient emtenes. Thins canter Alar (Swede) apd wa spy shersal around dis ung all specs of sun ee ders. Urban Tse Die 2 cere in Mebane (usta) with afcas sn ameniag he ante fear of mech and pening ‘hedowkpmencl pr pacer andinnr spre turban re planning and management. The Uiban Tee ienay carne in Vannes (Cand a end the no rar events wth ts theme gn bow ned ‘Gveiy s hey wo helping ban fora withsand the thallenge send The mot ent conferees, UTDS, thy into dhe diversy concep in oder o plant more Alves eds forall tae home and ser aur turban forest more et oft challenges ‘conference ike UTD nly coal eres to ring gether experts practioner and profsibeals to er, acu, and pan Fiore cllbortve efor ‘Wide aery 200 sender cgi forthe in pnon and ial frmas, UTDS sce in providing © stad quer actives Win she bade min theme ofthe erent the planning commie derdoped 1. Seton an inprensmco orb see 2. Beagrie an public eal bene feof cre bn forse 4.herale of vey in pot and oan reslience 4. Metis foc asesing des gen p 5. Designing and developing planting pes foc a wider range of repels (6 Barer, cheng, and edbck Lops ta loi ban fet veri 7. Managing uun foes fora dese ban {human popuan 8 Plannin managing and gic Foc han oe dvs trough alba ectenhips. (Ser Bctiete ef etnote eter ond soy Re \Syoph coven ot Aesandro Oucla ight sab-hemes (Edit Onc a dhe Inia For Proper presentations, Dar one bein wth a keynote peste ied“ Yin Go Bon Uo Fore Capi, We Would Be? by Richard Flac which ouch on alte conde ‘nce bere and the age Fr the progacn ha flowed. Nex Ox Hier eseach lk cet the comple of urban ce spp chain and the many feedack loops thx perpetuate he ovis ofa rae eal pee of ue species thereto the moming ered leary won dat provided a wie tinge of views on ow 2 dey ones between siply and demand cis toa in smay loa Timed San red a promers po treo the challenges fea hy tho ping wn recs, 1 well = oppor for incesng the ue of Under mull acre ees and as (aed fn rershaofers moe consent Cal an fen provided her ings io the ender te ite plang and of erin che way of ccning a gener et ne. Eat Eur showed the poner of salable im ss hen making wiban eee planing deisons within ihborhcode and aos Bag eins. La Roman prseted aise acount of how pst dsign sched, makeing, ad diese ped the pent tan for in the Cay of Philp, USA, Fay Sophie Nilavsi discus the potent for ite ing ee technolgy nc the ext generation of wan fr cto beer ss and moot a lowe et, The afernon seskn induded vo pari ks, hse ls fuer bul up the plea Sesion Ins pl erm ree eth ead eo ter plat rv and ‘pow il jedan improv urban fret. Thee ‘Pees alone can se rn esting eeepletaily of tes, or monitoring how exiting tan tes ae ar rey spond eo ciate in 2 ocd and wings nonledge pat howe ces il spond in a chang. Ingclinte Te npoance woe esity war ao. 08 lp ehough a ink enw te deity rd ama ballh. Avan exingl, de mt of ash deceased tie dest inceed Tie diventy ale importantSe MALMO 22 with ITCC Copenhagen 12-14 September Malm6, Sweden ank you to the ISA Annual ational Conference Sponsors ———— Platinum —————— (Husqvarna BARTLETT —- Gold —__—. [ASPLUNDH| sole Urhen Tire Dives 4 You Gone) 4 WlUTD4 Sioa | aa ‘ase ISA ISA Lurid Sa “4 venice AREA SY ‘honk lb paras on paar eb made he con anno sce! Potgrapencnesy ct ‘drew Rone fo pains wih ak berwen more diene abs ard eter polinatorppaliions The second iy highighed examples of wan ce versio om nate aia st Boyd Hl tbe ly devloped and invention designed utan fret eat he 5 Peeog Pee. The ower of shea ts thy 1 shcer war evden on shor di. anoering the gueion "What ne”, am aernoon so Trught an tnd pane of ees dough 4 foes Song we deri ta eer oad a fae tree diesty dhidend hap ll will noe be shed drthin de nea wo yeas But fren plan or Uiban Tie Divers 5st for 202 In Mal, Spin, Tian Rane, Uno of Wir ~ Sos Pa abo ib. My Tres Conning LEC: Andro Unio of Ride Gulf Ct Rech and tos Coa Cl Kaien an Ostber, ‘Netre Bad Soon Ite: Gent Thompn, ‘Gent Landa bier Bi Plant I.D. Did you correct ently ths tre rom page 202 Cladrastis kentukea American yeowwood ‘sa rare tre in the ornamental landcipe bc deers mote we, fspealy in sce ston guy back wih vie oalag is Techie, and she canopy i bod with fe shoo and cde ding banc Thee 1s one of our ask fend specs tis aw ea oucand wend shed ies ‘lec sunumo dan say aber wes Botenical name: lade kee (Dam. Coan) Rud (Co- cts rom the Greck Aad ranch, and mass Fgh, in ‘fren aden and brn shoot and branches Av, refering © Kenic, ste within enti ang) These ras once (pr-19804) knowa 2 Class ea. The ane es ‘Cungd, however, hes was dared that the ast baie to deere te se flowing our binomial menace ‘em, Dumont de Cour did son 1811, abou 60 yeas exer than Koch, Conon nan Yellows fom the yellow cole of hy cat feewood andthe roc that ida eat yoo dye, Maar se: 30 eo 50 fx (9c 15 m) ell wih it ative ‘ange Asan oper-arown ae yebowwond ss baad oundal open canopy The canopy spread ay be equ 1 ls blghe when open owe. Faia Ateoate, pncely coonpouod eases wis 7 wes les he leafless ate aeanged say lng dhe rachis an ‘nel amangement for eset The lees ae tlic co ovate 314 inches (7.610 10.1 cm ang with ene ‘mains Te eaves a eowlh geen uy open bata Tir green by aly sure Thi one of tel tres bun spring andes domancappesranceitalen ssdexdby pope Floor The iflvsccces se wei dase of dewping ‘aeemes abou 12 wo 15 Inds (305 wo 38.1 em) long They {pat uae he eaves expan in ipso wi che pea lke lowes oping abou wee er nd email open ot about «eck, The flowers ate whit sommes wih a pok ‘ings with pale yellow Blach athe base ofeach peal Ye sone ower ave a finer intense anil gence. The pe sma preset 2 god lol display evry 2105 yas. ‘rec la chin debicene pod abou ind (10.1 em) lag that appease summer and peas othe water. pak contains about 40 Gc. Growth rte: Skew 0 aur, wily heaven 10 and 13 laces (25 38 cm) enna sho growth year Br the Bie 20 yeas fer eeablishene Autuna clr Decl my become old yaw ble helene ll, range Yalow it nave w the ecenta nied St, and nave cues catered form North Caro- lina to Olahoms sed insisw Alshama. einer a mor componen: ofthe cast dado rors Teer portont OF HS nate singe she ma Applachin cover of exer “Kenucky and Tennese—i whe rs mos corimon, though salle A second encanto of nn es ud in the (Oar mountains af Aaa, Miu, nd Ofsboms. “Whi only one Clabarpecers naive to Noh Amish, herare another 8 pes found n Chi ad Jpn. The Wie son yellowweod, Caden i the oher yellowed specs thats el 228 armament so fra Ts ty 1 Zone 6,0 has nee performed well in note European the forthe United Sees, USDA Handne Zone alow ie ied te Zane 48. sw grown Zone 4 but may produce few owes inthe noat- rm pare of this ome Anercan yeloood has ben plated ‘noth continents. The pies has performed beri south ‘xn Bape, Fane and al than a Scodand and Noewy. Ke ‘ho is wowa casfillyon the est cot of te Used Stes ed inoue Acc, ‘Soi The bes gona son dep, ois le si. sala ‘she wo wide range of ol pH, evap of 8, While dhe wes ‘noderaely droog leant etsne add bot ey, sunny se nor adopted wo infidel Paling unde and maton ‘bowled sips are deat ze. Common sso The wood is bine and te wee mast be ‘iad fo a singe leader w avoid splitng The wee wil weep ‘5p i pruned ace ping withthe Dow ang that of gat ‘mle though ckng he averse. The wee ot adaped Fog sunny ses and the chin ba ny spl wich the exposure altar One civ Peis Pik’ synoaynas wit Ross! nay be fond in nsec shnagh sno commonly aval “The cabiaroiginaed fom Watenown, Masacasers in the 1930 and has pak ower. Another cava, Swecehade! released in 1969 by Princeton Nuteries (Now Jn, USA), sexs to hive dkppeaed fm dhe nursery de, Is ger flowers than the pis. ec see Tt a rel Fel Ga PN Orme Sk od Wiki re Noho Play alk Mona fit ondspe lt TheLion Om {577 Chaat The ylow node Arla S1OR137- 180 Cn, Calon, Pepa nd Cry MaDe nd Keron KRSawflies Are Not True Flies By Fredse Mille, PLD ‘Aevy ne tue fy cally member thee: ‘nomic eeder Hymenoper, wale ue Aes bong © the order Diptera. Seis ae catplictke and may Feed dln eles, nobus, shelter leine, ad mine srs bres and gal makers. We wel freuen on ew sd dealing leaning nd we rmng sedi in tial ‘Sheff anomaly ors ater members of Hymenopera shes, was ans ad yl cs hy the aes ving bad waist andthe lavae ting catepiirlike Sswics bae comple deveop- rent or metmorpoi and hve Kure Sages eg Tina, papa le. Theda aly esis coruon ‘ame fom female asng a like onpstor we co Tay eg in ow tice Lee). Mowe ue sles [longo the sperm Teele at eb orcs on many cieres exper ef plas Tel anno ames uly inl the fered how plane (es, "Bop pine sey cl eine) “Sf anaes ery sia 02 mac or bucenly ‘ep Bork hive 3 pi ofthoacileps b sly Tare ive G oF more peo oer Ce Beshy et sions of abdominal wal) and he pele a eet cee hooks or “inant we" Catia char wl ‘rely ura et buy moth hae Sr fener feof poles bus thei rl Bave crocker which Falp hem hang on to sem ad lave Addison oth and bet caterplns ave tt 6 pis of ees ‘nhs of cir hehe oy lr aly ve "Most suf are lev he host lat ppt in the sl bur ray also spina caccon aahed 3 a. ‘Afi sexeal moths ul eee and ems ayes ‘on the hose pln Depending om the pees evi ray hve ate oe tore genersone per Yea, and sre spss may ke 2 or more yeast compeea ingle ‘ation Jlson atid Lyon IDES, May pei of fy lava fed n groups Le, gai) and wil rae snl fue by rei thi heads ae ao- ‘ner np yon. fun wo watch hem re Tiki thy mute pracce in hoe, ‘Dfiating soy pees inlly fe fom the oer edges of he leaned, bu they mature they Begin ‘ecm che ei lea nse vig ly he mi ton devout plate. 1 hee to shink of them at Leming sls, on the oer hand, fed fn he rmexpyl beeen the upper an ower epcmal leat Iyer engi lh on erpetine ie ine. Coen god dag sig ole miningcan be fond ‘by olng he ea yp othe light and loki for ber thelarae, bead capes, andlor fas (combination of Insc pop and len puis) in the mie ae Ifthe leakage cased by puhogen fangs) oul ot we designs, bu posi 2 ing bd ofthe Fangs andthe damaged ac wil be opaque. As, the ‘mind ares be liga and ay resem bli tes hile ingle dss wil wll js kl che lefts around the pon of fain, Noy. shy feeding scarce most cous plants Uaess pope laine ae Remy o he nth upc generations thin» rowing sean. Tavs asc with ich leniner (nue ple) whee es may be heavy ied by the end of he growing sen. Repeat ‘ison oF any plan as be deren, ince Wc lea opine re so invasion by mony oasis such bore nd kal patgsns. Dflaon of in lie pine ie much more serous a ey do not ‘ele, and hey defied plans car beled Goln- ‘oe and Lyon 1988; Lech nd Mab Conifer Defoliasing Swflies Lesh wih fining th fd on conifer. “he alle redheaded pine sen (RAPS (Nerd prion leone) Is common drvghou the astern {ie See pol on ek pe Bk shea) 2 pine P ino ori pie (P cinta, Intype (ede) s pine (ev, longa pie (plas, ich ine (P rig, Sis moti ie (2 mage), panes lack pine (Pe deg, bat rl dal on whe pine Pb ch Lar spp.) ear ale (Cab ddr) and Norway space (Pet ‘behaves and Iya 1988; Davison and Raupp 2018), Adu ae 05 faces (1.3 clog wath ik ‘own body tht ome resembles 2 bo. Fall ron ae sue in (25m fg wih eh Fexsands yellowish body with ros eg ‘rst The an fed on he min ede or eri nd the ends of awe eng and rancher of plein fd landsape pines and stead ees (Daskbon and avo 2078. fn the nother Gre Lake sates and ‘Can hte i greration pet yee 2 generations in ‘helomer lade of oahern Michigan and Now York, and 3 generations ia soer gions fhoson and 00 1988): Some prepopar may wale ul the 2a or 3 (posing son before developing into al, suggesting, = sural cane or he species in ase all of hove thar neg di ina given son Joba and Lyon 1988, The RHPSP enerwiners in he soi ppp. Lanac osu rom May to Jue and again fom Aaa through October fr thse popula wth ? gene ‘hone per yer (Davo and Rasp 2015; Swit 2016, cand Mehra, “The Europea pine sasfly(EPSENeadiprion ser she) san imperane peso pie, Sach pe (2 - ‘esi apanes ted pine (Peo, jack pie, and ‘Sree moan pine wel a ph pled sheet Deedee at ra, Paeaph cn So pine. Lanae fad on mare (iy previous) neces ‘Mane rae are gay green ith lace hen and ach (2-5en og wth inning makings Since lesiurlactn fom Europe, hepa rom the ‘rs Usted Sir thoaghou he Gre Likes pion ad 2 far wet 34 Nort Dako, sth to Nisan and oth ino Canada It has I genieaton pe year and ove inten a gp Als cmergn sumer and fl. In ini EPSE cg hahoccrsbereen 109304 20DD., ana when Chinese mgnoba (Mapa olga) dropping flower peas, Feeding damage wl e apart ‘ahem Ohio buckeye (Acad lad) nal be ore Siberian en (Ch pi has pe sed he sme brown, and common Hs (Sige og) sate ‘oom finise blooming (oinson and Iyon 1988 (Oran 2007 Lich tid Mal nl). ‘Nein pnt ern Phlogaph cna of rd {ee Waker Voom Beparnes of fo a ond Roe ‘aon geod. “Wite pine sanly (Nediprion pinto i ative specestound on primary eer whi pine (Pb), “Tlanae grow apt iach 25 om lagand ape slow nid 4 vows oF ack pos and ak ead, Thee {51 gereraton per year and ely Feo bh old nd nex nels fo ene ai August, making “Conic more dennis the complcon of ing {he anaeeverwiners prepapacin he ith ale ‘verlag and laying eg in pring Johnson and yon 1988: Davidson and Rup 2014 Lich nd Mabr na) “Asinnames inp he imodced pine only PSP) (Dip sil) ne of Bape the xt t= duced w Nor America. In Neh Ameri i eedson 2re Ne Tre Fle (ont ‘vide range of pines, ncding white pine el pine Scotch pine. 2nd jack pie, Austrian ine (P aie) appears to hae some Kd of tesance The IPSE Fa foo Nish Carling co the conta an Get (Ge ste fr ec as Mineo, Isao comma found in Ona wad Que, Canada Thera 2 tation pr year in soa stand 3 generations i row soem eons sch s North Carlin Jobo {nd Lyon 1988: Lech andar nd, ‘Our defining coir seth the blackeaded pine afl (Neodiprion excita) is npr est In unborn ee where stack luther ins and ‘an be destin in young pie plano Mare fae have losy ends and oliercen bis wih oro Tongan! ack spe algun ack ofthe boy and Hack sprson both ie. Tee canbe 30 gneatons pet ye of his ince nh Cleo ange foason x Loon 1988) odio exons lore. lograph ow Sie Sita Stas Urey, Bogen on ocala ron, Prop oe of Dowd Coppae’ Bupwood og. Deciduous Defoliating Sawflies Thre te lo anita on dado plans and ike cone ses, can comply dea plat FF nc conta. The dogwood sey om tars) ave spss and common dello of Adgwood, paral ry dogwood (Chron ret ‘sos dood (Cara and Tan deg (C fy) The hana ate abou 1 inch (25 em og when ‘ratte and teak with yew brs the back ad {ol yell ndemesth. There 1 generation pee yea tnd vac onerwiner in Ader merge oes te May to Jy andy th pgs one under (op wo 100 pelea. Upon haching thelr sklnie tek Sensing fhe ea except hein Following ocrplyt tarts wie aves. Fhtograph cureny FB Cgpoen bewood on pce materi hing them acto ke pp nce At ch final mol they change coor api and les heh plane sn wander to heer owning sts in oro subyraessuch boing wood wood eg {ngarand dogwood borders wo fb walla ‘need sing and Faire. Fading by wonlpedrs on the Lavar can cite clitoral dunage 0 outdoor tide bare larvae Photogaph cou of Bord Cap Furie and siding Goon and Lyon 15885 Lich nd Madr ‘Blakcaded ash sas (Tabi corde, nom abide bard) se crsson ot green ah Foci penn) odin nk amet) nase foe fn New Engst to Poi and west Teas an Callen The lao a fil nak” lcking wa 07 Iai In New Yok Larvae ae ound in teh an te about 0.75 inc 1.9 cn) lng when il ron Joa ton aa Lyn 198) The mone ath ce Sabu spp) na ah (Rasa ay. ot in he fly Olen) ut ca Be stucket by che mountain aeh safiy Uriipbora event) esa rnd pes tha on Ae mountain ah (Soar anes) and Eorpean ‘mouneia adh (S sacapris) and ocisonaly may be found os showy mounesin ah (5 den), Ad mou ty ash ser ae 0.375 inch (9-3 mt lng and rece lack agp Mare live 75 nce (19cm) bbog a pale, enh yellow wth yolew heads and segue bac poe The st nea api Hae phere pra ere, Ptoaech cout anes 1 'Nlwon USDA foes Seven woody” Caltoo auercaracinee eran thotogragh courtesy! Poni tey, USDA Powe Sr Bapwoos oy and the second generation in July and Au ‘tie consumes al of the ea ag he mic, Lie any god suf they ever sepa nce sol Themuansh sey cou et New Eagan to Vu and wes o Minor Lage eet yep ‘eneligh duage olson and Lyon 1988) These ook sw (Caliret queraacine) is sommon wo the exten fa of North American, fm New England south o North Calia, west to Lou abs and noo Whom. eis imporane del teraaks, partly pin ok (Quer plus se ak (@,emcne, and eastern Bac ok (Qala Both de anaes opting tds case dare to the ene. The hana kaos and done ka suri, while be adle draps eres ding ops ton n Kent. he at to 3 pacar pore, with an aserage eeepee ine of 38 ays pe grea don, Adu etre in spring and Lay eg in tuo tes inthe upper ute slong he main vce. Seal asf larvae bk en dagen and coved with Sle. Female vac develop dnaih 6 inar but the bin) doe no fend When ate, he Uae dnp tothe ground wo pupste algo iro dapase In somes aural enemis sick as Thar ne fea expat. apd protoman, Hepner Mol wer 2016 Linchané Neb), ‘Another sly fund in she eter Unled Sass ‘he Atala stir Umemroemara eal), Thine Iseonmen a NewYork. Penner, Weshngon DC aod other nid-Adate ues well as ester Cana ‘Asean lara oe gen wih an amber ead Hack copes and Bad beer sed ley Below the Shona pales and abo 03 inches 1.3 cn lng ‘Adal alesse Wack wth whitch bis round the fe ad below the antennae. The ana peer‘Malig Iida Abed» Kran), Lara ings comple by the end of ane with | genes ‘on pe yer Golson and yon 1988