Case Study 1

DELTA STATE SECRETARIAT COMPLEX

History
Delta state was created on the august 27, 1991 out of the former Bendel. Asaba, the capital of the state, is
located on the right bank of the River Niger.
Location
Delta State Government Secretariat Complex is located at Mariam Babangida road, off Okpanam road delta.
Architectural details
Floor Count: 4
Architectural Style: Modern style
Project Architect: Arc. Emmanuel O.
Building Type: Low-rise Building
Building Status: Existing
Facade System: block work
Facade Colour: Yellow
Category: Office Building
 Circulation Routes of the New Delta State Secretariat (Annex)
Facilities Hailed as a „modern educational
showpiece‟, the strong yet sensitive design
comprises residential space, three lecture halls, a
library, internet lounge, cafe, rooftop terrace with
timber decking and a communal kitchen.
Appraisals
Plate 2.22: Architectural façade illuminated at night
through an ever-changing light show. Source:
http://www.archdaily .com, 2011.
The end walls of the slots are made from glass
louvres that are seven stories high,
The building also contains a seven-storey glass
louvred atrium. “Air is drawn through the voids and
passes through the building like gills, allowing the
building to breathe naturally.
Typical office spaces with The New Delta State Secretariat
(Annex).

ANAMBRA STATE SECRETARIAT COMPLEX
Architectural details
Architectural Style: Modern style
Architect: Ends Consultants
Building Type: Low-rise Building
Building Status: Existing
Facade Material: Block Work
Category: Office Building.
Site plan of Anambra State secretariat, Awka
Case Study 3
History
Anambra is a state in south-eastern part of Nigeria. The capital and seat of
government is Awka. Onitsha, a historic port city from pre-colonial times is the
largest urban area in the state. The state's theme is "Light of the Nation",
formerly known as the “Home for all". Anambra has 181 towns within it. With
an annual population growth rate of 2.21 percent per annum, Anambra State
has over 60% of its people living in urban areas. It is one of the most urbanized
states in Nigeria.
Location
Anambra State Government Secretariat Complex is located at off Nnamdi Azikwe
avenue Awka
Facilities
The building comprised of guard’s accommodation,
private study rooms, laundry, space out relaxation
internal and outer, gardens were fitted out with fruit
trees. Joining the geometry everything in length of the
plots of land of the district, built household of wide
spaces of full végétalisée ground. In this urban logic,
overlaps a geographical logic with a rational orientation
of the east-west buildings and the facades protected
from the noise pollutions of the voices shod and of the
secondary road by effect of mask. The volumetry of
each of 4 buildings is specific to become
 integrated into its immediate environment, manage transitions with
existing neighboring. The global density of the plot of land will be about
1.25, density.

Ground floor plan student housing, Epinay

A view of the two new buildings added to Anambra state

secretariat

A view of the atrium from the gallery One of the several courtyards
APPRAISALS
Entrance : Well defined entrance.

Accessibility : A clear, obstruction-free, level and wide pathways for the convenience of all users.

Parking : Accessible parking facilities as close as possible to the point of destination.

Natural Ventilation: Even with the provision of courtyards, natural ventilation was not achieved.

Podium : Well defined reception area.

Circulation: Free vertical access between different levels.

Stairs : Safe and well-dimensioned staircases for the comfort of all people.

Lobbies : Well-dimensioned lobbies to facilitate free moving of occupants.

Drainage : Properly planed drainage channels for different collections of liquid and solid waste.

Expansion : Provision for future expansion was taken into consideration which enabled the construction of
the additional buildings.
Structure : monolithic concrete

Energy efficiency: energy consumption is high. No energy renewable facility in place.

 Case Study 4
EBONYI STATE GOVERNMENT SECRETARIAT COMPLEX
History
Ebonyi State is in south-eastern Nigeria. It is inhabited
and populated primarily by the Igbo, with the city of
Abakaliki as its capital and largest city. Other major
townships include Afikpo, Onueke, Ezzamgbo, Edda,
Effium, Aba Omege, Amasiri, Unwana, EcharaIkwo, Egu-
Ubia, Ụbụrụ, Onicha, etc.It was one of the six states
created in 1996 by the then federal military
government of General Sani Abacha. The State of
Ebonyi was created from parts of both Enugu State and
Abia State, which were the Abakaliki division from
Enugu State and the Afikpo division from Abia State
respectively Site Plan.
Location
Ebonyi State Government Secretariat Complex is
located at alo Street abakaliki

Architectural details.
Height: 155 meters (509 ft)
Architectural Style: Modern style
Building Type: Low-rise Building
Building Status: completed Construction
Category: Office Building

Ground Floor Plan for Block 01 of Ebonyi state Secretariat complex

Student’s Studio
profile: Masters:
The project:
This project is, simply put, laudable. For it brings together within the same
‘cantonment’, so to speak, virtually all of the state’s civil service work-force,
making commuting from ministry to ministry a lot easier.
The site of the project is the portion marked ‘ZONE 4’ on the master plan of
the proposed ochudo city, abakaliki, Ebonyi state. The site covers an area of
approximately 62 hectares, fairly oblong in shape, with its long axis running
East-West.
The design concept:
Intrinsic Features; the design arrangement varies from block to block, as a
result of the varying requirements of the ministries, etc, set-down in the brief.
Without impairing the function of the scheme in any way, this variety in the
arrangements will be a refreshing department from the regimentality usually
associated with projects of this type.
Functional links; covered walkways have been provided as links between
buildings in each block, and from block to block, thus ensuring convenient
commuting even in inclement weather.
Access: for security reasons, the north-south dual carriageway direct from the
city main access road provides the main entry into, and from, the complex. The
service entry/exit points through the west-side and the east-side boundary
walls will relieve the main access dual carriage-way of heavy vehicular traffic.
Construction materials
Roof is made up of aluminum
roofing sheets and timber trusses.
Doors are wooden flush doors.
Ceiling is perforated asbestos
ceiling tile hung at the height of 2.6m
for topmost floor and reinforced
concrete slab for lower floors.
Walls are made up of sandcrete
blocks.
Windows are of glass louvers on
wooden frame.
showing a typical room and the lobby area
 Space requirement
GROUND FLOOR SITE
1. RECEPTION
1. SECURITY
2. WAITING ROOM
2. VISTORS CAR PARK
3. STORES AND SHOPS
3. STUDENTS CARPARK
4. FACILITY MANAGER’S OFFICE
4. SERVICE LANE
5. MEDIA
5. GENERATOR HOUSE
6. CAFETARIA/ RESTAURANT
7. CONFERENCE ROOMS
8. MECHANICAL & ELECTRICAL ROOM UPPER FLOOR
9. AUDITORIUM
10. MEETING ROOM 1. ADMINISTRATION OFFICE
11. STAIRS AND LIFTS 2. OFFICE OF THE HON. COMMISSIONER
12. CLINIC 3. OFFICE OF THE PERMANENT SEC.
13. KITCHEN AND STORE 4. CONFRENCE ROOMS
14. GENERAL CONVIENENCE 5. DEPARTMENTAL OFFICES ( ACCOUNTS, PLANNING, LEGAL ETC)
15. LIBRARY 6. GENERAL CONVIENENCE
16. SENIOR STAFF CAFETERIA
 DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
BUILDING ORIENTATION:
Orientation of buildings in relation to the direction of outdoor wind, also affect natural ventilation in a building.

ARCHITECTURAL FEATURES/ BUILDING ENVELOP:

Architectural features which affect the movement of air indoor include the building form, the room size, distribution and
location of openings, external projections on the building such as roof overhangs, louvers and sashes, pelmet type deflector,
internal partitions, fences, adjacent buildings etc.

SAFETY AND SECURITY:

The measures like water sprinkler system, fire fighting equipment, locks and security post etc is considered in this work.

BUILDING OPENINGS
The orientation, size, placement, ratio, and type of openings affect air movement within a building, by altering the inertia,
pressure differentials and buoyancy characteristics of airflow.

THERMAL COMFORT
A special care was paid to the thermal comfort of the occupants which is aimed at increasing the energy efficiency.

HYGIENE
Occupants hygiene was considered to avoid health issues especially on the appropriation of wcs and bathrooms. All room
spaces are en-suite with maximum of three students in a room space of 18m2.
 DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
The following recommendations are examples of key design tactics for achieving high-performance office
buildings cost effectively:
• Understand schedules for occupancy, building use, and utility rates.
• Paint interior walls light colors, select highly reflective ceiling materials, and select floor finishes that are not
extremely dark.
• Consider how the building will be zoned for heating, ventilation, air conditioning, and lighting.
• Minimize lighting and plug loads using energy efficient products and controls.
• Ensure that safety factors and diversity factors are appropriate in order to avoid equipment oversizing.
• Select Energy Star office and break room equipment whenever possible. Very high plug load efficiency can be
achieved with minimal additional cost.
• Apply automatic controls so occupants can focus on their day-to-day activities.

Student’s Studio
profile: Masters:
 DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
GENERAL PRINCIPLE OF OFFICE WORK LAYOUT
1. INTER- DEPARTMENTAL RELATIONSHIP :While allocating areas to various departments, the degree of
relationship of one department to another department is taken into consideration
2. FLOW OF WORK : The manager has to make the flow of work as regular as possible; a straight line, circle or U-
shape. Regular flow of work minimizes the bottlenecks and easily performance of work also
3. MAXIMIUM UTILIZATION OF SPACE: Space is very costly particularly in urban areas and metropolitan cities.
Hence, the available space should be properly utilized. However, every employee should be given adequate
space to ensure his health and efficiency.

4. SPACE REQUIREMENT FOR STAFF AND EQUIPMENT : Congestion in the office may reduce the efficiency of the
staff. Adequate space is provided in between the desks and to allow free movement. Number of windows, its
size and its nature are also taken into consideration. Files and stationery items are properly stored.
5. EFFECTIVE SUPERVISION : As far as possible, employees should face the supervisor whose seat should be
placed towards the near of the working group.
 DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS

1. OFFICE SYSTEMS AND PROCEDURE :Efficient performance of work is based on the office system and procedures. This can
be attained only when the placement of employees and equipment is in such a way that they are fit in with the office
system and procedures in operation.

2. PROPER LIGHTING : Placement of desks and chairs should be in such a way that no employee faces an
objectionable light source. Normally, an employee should receive light from his left hand downwards on to his work.

3. VENTILATION : Fresh air is necessary for efficient performance of work. Special attention should be devoted when the
office is not air conditioned and there is a mixed staff of male and female.
4. EXPANSION : The future expansion of the department must be allowed for. The additional equipment need to cope
with the additional staff members and the expanded activity may be accommodated within the concerned department
with a little adjustment.
5. BALANCE SPECIAL PURPOSE ROOM
6. SAFETY : An office should provide an adequate number of exists. Space is allotted for maintaining old records
and files. Office stationery items are used only and kept in a separate place.
 Literature Review
High-Tech architecture, also known as Late Modernism or Structural Expressionism, is a style that emerged in the
1970s, incorporating high-tech and industrial elements into building design. High-Tech architecture is an extension of
the ideas supported by technological advances and
emerged as a new movement. In this movement, which serves as a bridge between modernism and postmodernism, it
is observed that the aesthetic concerns decrease and the importance given to the function of the structures increases.
During the construction phase, the tendency to search
for new methods stands out. The desire to show the industry and industry culture intensely and the importance given
to the prominence of the technique constituted the intellectual infrastructure of the High-Tech movement.

High technology (high tech) or frontier technology (frontier tech) is technology that is at the cutting edge: the most
advanced technology available.[1] It can be defined as either the most complex or the newest technology on the
market.
Common features of High-Tech buildings;
Pre-production, on-site assembly
The parts can be removed and mounted
Rising from the ground (High-rise building feature)
Exposing building subsystems
Use of metallic colors
Use of metal, glass and plastic materials
Flexibility in terms of planning criteria (free plan, use of modular
components)
Expression of the structure
Energy conservation
Ecological building systems.
 Literature Review
The Willis Faber & Dumas Building (Table 1) was designed by
Foster
and Partners and its construction was completed in 1975 in
Ipswich-
England [Url-7]. The building, which is one of the early examples of
High-Tech architecture, is used as the headquarters of The Willis
Faber &
Dumas insurance company. Open plan office design is a pioneer in
its era
because it brings flexibility in the plan

Center Pompidou is designed by Renzo Piano and Richard Rogers

and its
construction was completed in 1977. The art center in Paris, France
is one
of the iconic buildings of the city today. The steel structure
provided wide
openings and free spaces within the building

The architects of Lloyd’s of London Building are Renzo Piano and

Richard Rogers. The building, which was completed in 1986 in
London - England, is used as the headquarters of an insurance
company in London. Service elements of the building are free from
the interior and placed outside the building. Thus, an open and
flexible plan scheme was created.
 Literature Review

KEYWORDS
Post-occupancy evaluation (POE) is the process of evaluating buildings in a systematic and
rigorous manner after they have been built and occupied for some time (Preiser, 1989). In order to
evaluate the performance of existing facilities in a building, a POE is usually needed. Results obtained
from a POE will inform how well the building matches its user needs, and reveals ways for improving
any design, construction and performance of its built facilities.

THERMAL COMFORT
According to the ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 55-2010, thermal comfort is defined as “that condition of
mind which expresses satisfaction with the thermal environment and is assessed by subjective
evaluation1.”Also known as human comfort, thermal comfort is the occupants' satisfaction with the
surrounding thermal conditions

RECOMMENDATION

•Provide adequate sun shading devices like overhangs, fin walls etc to improve thermal
comfort in hostel rooms
• provide kitchenette in all floors
• provide vent pipes as achieving adequate cross ventilation windows would be difficult
•Building envelop and orientation should be highly considered.

Student’s Studio

POST GRADUATE STUDENT profile:

NWACHUKWU PETER DAMIAN
PG/PGD/16/83215
Sheet no.;
Masters
ARC. L. M: IFEAJUNA
ARC. I.G CHENDO

HOSTEL (ESUT) Cours

e:
ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN VII
Date
:
Scale
:
 Literature Review

KEYWORDS

Student’s Studio

POST GRADUATE STUDENT profile:

NWACHUKWU PETER DAMIAN
PG/PGD/16/83215
Sheet no.;
Masters
ARC. L. M: IFEAJUNA
ARC. I.G CHENDO

HOSTEL (ESUT) Cours

e:
ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN VII
Date
:
Scale
:
 Literature Review

Student’s Studio

POST GRADUATE STUDENT profile:

NWACHUKWU PETER DAMIAN
PG/PGD/16/83215
Sheet no.;
Masters
ARC. L. M: IFEAJUNA
ARC. I.G CHENDO

HOSTEL (ESUT) Cours

e:
ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN VII
Date
:
Scale
: