Liberty Index 2023

Legislative Scorecard for the 2023 Legislative Session

About the Republican Liberty Caucus:

The Republican Liberty Caucus is a 527 voluntary grassroots membership organization dedicated to working within the Republican
Party to advance the principles of individual liberty, limited government and free markets. Founded in 1991, it is the oldest
continuously-operating organization within the Liberty Republican movement. The Arizona Republican Liberty Caucus chapter was
launched in January 2018.

Follow us at facebook.com/RLCArizona, twitter.com/RLCAZ, and https://t.me/RLCAZ

Website: RLC.org

Liberty Index Overview
Created by the Republican Liberty Caucus of Arizona, the 2023
Liberty Index is a liberty-focused legislative scorecard for Arizona’s state
legislators. The Liberty Index scores legislators on pivotal bills/votes selected
by the RLCAZ that either advance liberty or diminish liberty. The House was
scored on 20 key floor votes from the 2023 legislative session. The Senate
was scored on 24 key floor votes. Green bills are pro-liberty bills supported
by the RLCAZ. Red bills are anti-liberty bills opposed by the RLCAZ.
A high score on this scorecard does not equate to an endorsement
from the RLCAZ. This scorecard simply evaluates the voting records of each
legislator. When the RLCAZ issues an endorsement, other factors are also
considered; such as their effectiveness at passing good legislation, how they
vote in committee, what bills they sponsor, what types of bills they hear or
don’t hear as a Committee Chair, their character/professionalism, etc.
Scoring Guide
A green number one indicates that the legislator voted with the
RLCAZ on that bill. A red number zero indicates the legislator voted against
the RLCAZ position on that bill. “NV” means the legislator was absent and
did not vote. “NA” means the legislator was not in office at that time. Several
legislators were not given a Liberty Score because they were not in office for a
majority of the votes.
The Liberty Score is obtained by calculating the percentage that a
legislator votes in line with the RLCAZ. For example, the highest possible
Liberty Score is 100. This is achieved if a legislator voted with the RLCAZ
100% of the time. After factoring in the bonus points, it is possible for some
legislators to score above 100.
Bonus/Penalty Points
The RLCAZ gives bonus/penalty points for key committee votes. The
best time to kill a bad bill is in committee, before it advances to the floor.
Moreover, many legislators think they can get away with unprincipled votes
in committee, by saying they “reserve the right to change their vote on the
floor.” We want legislators to vote down bad legislation not just on the floor,
but in committee. This is why we selected a handful of key committee votes
from the 2023 session for bonus/penalty points. Legislators who made a
pro-liberty committee vote were awarded with two bonus points, while
legislators who made a anti-liberty committee vote were penalized by two
points.
Occasionally, the RLCAZ supports a bill that does not get a
committee hearing. In the House, this was the case with HB2320 and
SB1367, the Defend the Guard Act. For HB2320, Representatives were
awarded two bonus points for cosponsoring the bill. The House MAPS
Committee Chair was penalized by five points for refusing to hear the bill.
Additionally, the Senate President was awarded five bonus points for
choosing not to assign HB2558 to committee. This bad bill likely would have
passed the Senate and been signed by the Governor, had the Senate President
not held the bill.
The bonus/penalty points add depth to the scorecard, keeping
legislators accountable for their actions in committee, while also serving as a
reward/incentive for legislators who propose good legislation; even if it fails
to get out of committee.
RLCAZ members with Senate President Warren Petersen at the state Capitol on our
annual Liberty Lobby Day (2/8/23)
 Liberty Index 2023 - List of Bills
RLC
Bill Position Description
HCR2001 Oppose Increases the aggregate expenditure limit for K-12 funding, allowing for a massive spending increase. (Passed House 46-14, Passed Senate 23-7)
SB1184 Support Prohibits cities/towns from taxing residential rental properties, effective January 2024. (Passed Senate 16-14, Passed House 32-28, Vetoed)
SB1063 Support Prohibits cities/towns from levying a sales tax on food intended for home consumption, effective July 2025. (Passed Senate 16-13, Passed House 31-29, Vetoed)
The strike-everything amendment to SB1131 prohibits cities/towns from taxing residential rental properties, effective January 2025.
SB1131 Striker Support
(Passed Senate 17-11, Passed House 35-23. Signed by Governor)
Previous statute scheduled the small businesss income tax rate to be reduced from 2.8% to 2.5% in 2025. SB1260 enacts this tax reduction in 2023, two years early.
SB1260 Support
(Passed Senate 18-11, Passed House 36-21, Signed by Governor)
SB1577 would enact an automatic income tax reduction in future years when there is a budget surplus. Specifically, income tax rates would be reduced by 50% of
SB1577 Support
the surplus. (Passed Senate 16-13, Failed House 29-31)
SB1462 Oppose Appropriates an additional $25 million to the Department of Economic Security for homeless services. (Passed Senate 21-8, Held in House)
The strike-everything amendment to SB1102 is a 28 page bill extending the Maricopa County transportation excise tax for 20 years, while allocating 37% of the revenue
SB1102 Striker Oppose towards public transit.
(Passed House 43-14, Passed Senate 19-7. Signed by Governor. In addition to the floor vote, we gave bonus/penalty points for the committee vote on SB1102)
Current law allows people to sell home-prepared foods exempt from the commercial health standards, under certain conditions. However, refrigerated foods such as
meat/dairy are not exempt from the commercial health standards. HB2509 would expand the home-prepared food exemptions to include meat/dairy, allowing people to
HB2509 Support
sell home-prepared foods such as tamales, without having to meet the commercial health standards. (Passed House: 45-11, Passed Senate 26-4, Vetoed. House Veto
Override failed 35-23 [2/3 majority required]. Note: For the House, we scored both the first floor vote and the veto override vote)
Removes onerous and unnecessary zoning restrictions, giving property owners more freedom to do what they want with their property. The bill also cuts red tape that
SB1117 Striker Support currently slows down the building approval process. This will help get the government out of the way, so the free market can meet housing demands.
(Failed Senate 9-20. *Note: Sen. Kaiser switched his vote from Yes to No to make a motion to bring the bill back for reconsideration, so he was scored as a Yes vote)
Gives $50 million in corporate tax credits to companies like Intel and Honeywell who conduct “research and development." The bill allows up to $10 million in refundable
tax credits, which means these companies will literally get a massive check funded by the taxpayer. This crony corporate welfare is a gross misuse of tax dollars.
SB1562 Oppose
(Failed Senate 10-19. *Note: Sen. Kaiser switched his vote from Yes to No to make a motion to bring the bill back for reconsideration, so he was scored as a Yes vote.
In addition to the floor vote, we gave bonus/penalty points for the committee votes on SB1562)
Removes onerous and unnecessary zoning restrictions, giving property owners more freedom to do what they want with their property. The bill also cuts red tape that
HB2536 Striker Support currently slows down the building approval process. This will help get the government out of the way, so the free market can meet housing demands.
(Failed Senate 11-19)
Imposes new regulations on ambulance providers, requiring every ambulance to be staffed by at least one EMT, a licensed physician or a professional nurse, as well as
SB1711 Oppose one who is either an EMT or an emergency medical responder. While good intentioned, this additional red tape is impractical and may hamper ambulance response
times, especially if the ambulance providers are understaffed. (Passed Senate 24-4, Passed House 38-20. Signed by Governor)
Prohibits the governing board of any university or community college from enacting or enforcing any rule that prohibits the possession of a concealed weapon by a
HB2667 Support person with a concealed weapons permit. In short, HB2667 would allow people with a concealed weapons permit to carry a concealed weapon while on college
campuses. (Passed House 31-28, Passed Senate 16-14, Vetoed)
Repeals multiple sections of statute regarding photo radar traffic enforcement, while prohibiting local governments from conducting photo radar traffic enforcement.
SB1234 Support
(Passed House 16-13, Passed House 32-26, Vetoed)
 Liberty Index 2023 - List of Bills
RLC
Bill Position Description
Automatically terminates any emergency powers granted to the Governor during a state of emergency 30 days after the proclamation, unless extended by the
HCR2039 Support Legislature. Also requires the Governor to call a special session if one-third of the legislators in each chamber sign a petition requesting one.
(Passed House 31-27, Passed Senate 16-14, Transmitted to Secretary of State to be printed on the 2024 ballot)
Prohibits the state from requiring banks or financial institutions to use a social credit score when evaluating whether to lend money to a customer.
HB2472 Support
(Passed House 31-28, Passed Senate 16-13, Vetoed)
Prohibits public schools from requiring students to get a vaccine that has not been fully approved by the FDA (or has only been approved for emergency use).
HB2474 Support
(Passed House 31-28, Passed Senate 17-12, Vetoed)
Prohibits local governments from taxing or regulating mileage travelled in a personal vehicle.
SCR1018 Support
(Passed Senate 16-12, Passed House Ways and Means 6-4, Held in House Rules)
Removes drug testing equipment from the list of illegal drug paraphernalia in statute. Possession of Drug Paraphernalia is a class 6 felony. Giving someone a
SB1159 Support
permanent felony for possessing drug testing equipment is overly punitive and a waste of taxpayer resources. (Passed Senate 20-9. Held in House)
Prohibits municipalities from regulating well water on private property in unincorporated areas, if the well was there before the municipality annexed the property.
HB2535 Support
(Passed House 31-29, Passed Senate 16-13, Vetoed)
The strike-everything amendment to HB2545 prohibits the state and local governments from using taxpayer resources to enforce, administer or cooperate with a public
HB2545 Striker Support health emergency order from an international government organization (unless the order has been ratified as a treaty by Congress). Also requires the Governor to seek
approval from the legislature to impose a public health emergency order for more than seven days. (Passed Senate 16-13, Passed House 31-27, Vetoed)
SB1729
Oppose
Miranda Amendment The Miranda Amendment to SB1729 would have restricted school choice by imposing an unnecessary enrollment cap on the ESA program. (Failed Senate 14-16)
SB1367/HB2320 is the Defend the Guard Act. This would prevent the Arizona National Guard from being deployed into combat unless there is a congressional
SB1367 / HB2320 Support declaration of war, as required per Article 1, Section 8, of the U.S. Constitution. (SB1367 passed Senate 16-13. SB1367 and HB2320 were both held up by the House
MAPS Committee Chair, who refused to hear the bill. The House MAPS Chair was penalized five points for blocking this bill)
Reduces the Corporate Income Tax rate from the current rate of 4.9% to 4.0% in 2023, 3.5% in 2024, 3.0% in 2025, and 2.5% in 2026.
HB2003 Support
(Passed House 31-29, Passed Senate Approps 7-0, Held in Senate Rules)
Creates nine pages of new statute, establishing new occupational licensing requirements for dietitian nutritionists. It is noted the bill's language states that the
occupational license would be optional, not required. However, the bill still grows the tentacles of government, opening the door for this optional government license to
HB2558 Oppose
be mandated down the road. (Passed House 39-19, Held in Senate. In addition to the floor vote, we gave bonus/penalty points for the committee votes on HB2558. The
Senate President also received five bonus points for holding this bill)
The strike-everything amendment to SB1144 would nullify a federal central bank digital currency (CBDC) in Arizona by prohibiting the use of a CBDC involving any
SB1144 Striker Support contract, security or similar interest in this state. Arizona should stand against any unconstitutional central bank digital currency from the federal government.
(Failed House 30-28)
HB2167 (and the strike-everything amendment to HB2469) creates a new crime called Drug Trafficking Homicide, a class 1 felony. A person would be guilty of this
offense if they sell or give a drug to someone and that individual dies sometime after taking it. Per the bill’s language, the state would not have to prove the drug was the
HB2167 / sole or immediate cause of the person’s death. This means that someone could be wrongfully convicted of a class 1 felony (the most serious felony), with no evidence
Oppose
HB2469 Striker that they were responsible for the death. The state must always prove beyond a reasonable doubt that the accused person is guilty of the crime. This bill defies that
standard. (HB2167 failed House Judiciary 2-5. The HB2469 Striker passed House HHS 6-3. Note: The strike-everything amendment to HB2469 was withdrawn on the
floor, so we only scored the HHS committee vote)
 Liberty Index 2023 - List of Bills
RLC
Bill Position Description
The strike-everything amendment to SB1244 increases the Affordable Housing Tax Credit allocation from $4,000,000 to $10,000,000. This is crony corporate welfare
SB1244 Striker Oppose used to incentivize businesses to build "affordable housing." This violates free market principles and is a gross misuse of taxpayer money.
(Passed House Approps 14-1. Note: SB1244 was modified on the floor, so we only scored the committee vote)
 Liberty Index 2023 - House
Fiscal Policy: Economic Liberty
Legislator Party LD Taxes & Spending Freedom Individual Liberty Bonus & Penalty Points Score

HB2509 VO
HCR2001

HCR2039

HB2167 /
HB2003

HB2509

HB2558

HB2667

HB2472

HB2474

HB2535

HB2545

HB2558

HB2320
SB1063

SB1260

SB1577

SB1234

SB1244
SB1184

SB1131

SB1102

SB1711

SB1144

SB1102
HB2469
Total +
Total Bonus
Barbara Parker R 10 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 NV 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 19/19=100% -2 2 2 2 2 106
Alexander Kolodin R 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 20/20=100% 2 2 104
Neal Carter R 15 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 20/20=100% 2 102
Joseph Chaplik R 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 20/20=100% 2 102
Justin Heap R 10 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 20/20=100% 2 102
Rachel Jones R 17 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 20/20=100% 2 102
Cory McGarr R 17 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 20/20=100% 2 -2 2 102
Austin Smith R 29 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 20/20=100% 100
Laurin Hendrix R 14 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 20/20=100% -2 98
Steve Montenegro R 29 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 NV 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 19/19=100% -2 -2 2 98
David Marshall R 7 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 19/20=95% 2 97
Jacqueline Parker R 15 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 NV 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 18/19=95% 95
Beverly Pingerelli R 28 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 19/20=95% -2 -2 91
Travis Grantham R 14 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 18/20=90% 90
Michele Pena R 23 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 18/20=90% -2 88
Justin Wilmeth R 2 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 17/20=85% 2 87
Lupe Diaz R 19 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 18/20=90% -2 -2 86
Leo Biasiucci R 30 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 17/20=85% 85
John Gillette R 30 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 17/20=85% 85
Gail Griffin R 19 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 17/20=85% 85
Michael Carbone R 25 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 17/20=85% -2 -2 81
 Liberty Index 2023 - House
Fiscal Policy: Economic Liberty
Legislator Party LD Taxes & Spending Freedom Individual Liberty Bonus & Penalty Points Score

HB2509 VO
HCR2001

HCR2039

HB2167 /
HB2003

HB2509

HB2558

HB2667

HB2472

HB2474

HB2535

HB2545

HB2558

HB2320
SB1063

SB1260

SB1577

SB1234

SB1244
SB1184

SB1131

SB1102

SB1711

SB1144

SB1102
HB2469
Total +
Total Bonus
Matt Gress R 4 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 16/20=80% -2 2 2 -2 80
Kevin Payne R 27 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 17/20=85% -5 80
Ben Toma R 27 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 16/20=80% 80
Tim Dunn R 25 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 16/20=80% -2 -2 76
Teresa Martinez R 16 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 16/20=80% -2 -2 76
David Livingston R 28 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 16/20=80% -2 -2 76
Quang Nguyen R 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 16/20=80% -2 -2 -2 74
Selina Bliss R 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 16/20=80% -2 -2 -2 -2 72
David Cook R 7 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 14/20=70% 70
Alma Hernandez D 20 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 NV 0 0 0 NV 0 0 0 0 0 4/18=22% 2 -2 22
Consuelo Hernandez D 21 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4/20=20% 20
Lydia Hernandez D 24 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 4/20=20% 20
Melody Hernandez D 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 NV 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 NV NV 0 0 0 2/17=12% 2 14
Jennifer Longdon D 5 0 0 0 1 NV 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2/19=11% 11
Lorena Austin D 9 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2/20=10% 2 -2 10
Seth Blattman D 9 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2/20=10% 10
Laura Terech D 4 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2/20=10% 10
Myron Tsosie D 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2/20=10% 10
Lupe Contreras D 22 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1/20=5% 2 7
Analise Ortiz D 24 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1/20=5% 2 7
Jennifer Pawlik D 13 0 0 0 0 NV 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1/19=5% 5
 Liberty Index 2023 - House
Fiscal Policy: Economic Liberty
Legislator Party LD Taxes & Spending Freedom Individual Liberty Bonus & Penalty Points Score

HB2509 VO
HCR2001

HCR2039

HB2167 /
HB2003

HB2509

HB2558

HB2667

HB2472

HB2474

HB2535

HB2545

HB2558

HB2320
SB1063

SB1260

SB1577

SB1234

SB1244
SB1184

SB1131

SB1102

SB1711

SB1144

SB1102
HB2469
Total +
Total Bonus
Stacey Travers D 12 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 NV 0 0 0 0 0 1/19=5% 5
Cesar Aguilar D 26 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1/20=5% 5
Oscar De Los Santos D 11 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1/20=5% 5
Mae Peshlakai D 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1/20=5% 5
Judy Schwiebert D 2 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1/20=5% 2 -2 5
Leezah Elsa Sun D 22 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1/20=5% 5
Nancy Gutierrez D 18 0 0 0 0 NV 0 0 0 NV 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1/18=6% -2 4
Marcelino Quinonez D 11 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1/20=5% -2 -2 1
Mariana Sandoval D 23 0 0 0 NV 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 NV 0 NV 0 0 0 0 NV NV 0/15=0% 0
Andres Cano D 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0/20=0% 0
Christopher Mathis D 18 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0/20=0% 2 -2 0
Athena Salman D 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 NV 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0/19=0% 2 -2 0
Keith Seaman D 16 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0/20=0% 0
S. Stahl Hamilton D 21 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0/20=0% 2 -2 0
Amish Shah D 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 NV 0 0 NV 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0/18=0% 2 -2 -2 -2
Patricia Contreras D 12 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 NV 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0/19=0% -2 -2 -4
Julie Willoughby R 13 NA NA NA NA NA 1 NA 0 NA NA NA 1 NA NA 1 NA NA NA 1 1 5/6=83% NA
Quanta Crews D 26 NA NA NA NA NA 0 NA 0 NA NA NA NA NA NA 0 NA NA NA NA NA 0/3=0% NA
 Liberty Index 2023 - Senate

y
lic
Po
Bonus & Liberty

n
tio
Fiscal Policy: Economic

n
Penalty

ig
a
uc

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Legislator Party LD Taxes & Spending Freedom Individual Liberty Points Score

Ed

Fo
Miranda Am.
HCR2001

HCR2039

SCR1018
HB2509

HB2536

HB2667

HB2472

HB2474

HB2535

HB2545

HB2558
SB1063

SB1260

SB1577

SB1462

SB1562

SB1234

SB1729

SB1367

SB1562
SB1184

SB1131

SB1102

SB1711

SB1159
SB1117
Total +
Total Bonus
David Farnsworth R 10 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 22/24=92% 2 94
Anthony Kern R 27 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 22/24=92% 2 94
Warren Petersen R 14 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 21/24=88% 5 93
Jake Hoffman R 15 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 21/24=88% 2 90
Janae Shamp R 29 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 NV 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 20/23=87% 87
Steve Kaiser R 2 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 NA 1 1* 0* 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 20/23=87% -2 85
J.D. Mesnard R 13 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 20/24=83% 2 85
Wendy Rogers R 7 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 20/24=83% 83
Justine Wadsack R 17 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 20/24=83% 83
T.J. Shope R 16 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 NV 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 19/23=83% -2 81
Sonny Borrelli R 30 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 19/24=79% 79
David Gowan R 19 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 19/24=79% 79
John Kavanagh R 3 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 18/24=75% -2 73
Sine Kerr R 25 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 18/24=75% -2 73
Frank Carroll R 28 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 17/24=71% -2 69
Ken Bennett R 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 16/24=67% 67
Anna Hernandez D 24 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 6/24=25% -2 23
Sally Ann Gonzales D 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 NV 0 0 0 0 0 NV 1 0 0 0 0 4/21=19% 19
Juan Mendez D 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 NV 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 4/23=17% 17
Rosanna Gabaldon D 21 0 0 0 0 NV NV 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 NV 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 3/21=14% 14
 Liberty Index 2023 - Senate

y
lic
Po
Bonus & Liberty

n
tio
Fiscal Policy: Economic

n
Penalty

ig
a
uc

re
Legislator Party LD Taxes & Spending Freedom Individual Liberty Points Score

Ed

Fo
Miranda Am.
HCR2001

HCR2039

SCR1018
HB2509

HB2536

HB2667

HB2472

HB2474

HB2535

HB2545

HB2558
SB1063

SB1260

SB1577

SB1462

SB1562

SB1234

SB1729

SB1367

SB1562
SB1184

SB1131

SB1102

SB1711

SB1159
SB1117
Total +
Total Bonus
Priya Sundareshan D 18 0 0 0 NV 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 3/23=13% 13
Eva Diaz D 22 0 0 NV 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 NV 1 0 0 0 0 3/22=14% -2 12
Eva Burch D 9 0 0 0 0 1 0 NV 0 1 NV NV 0 NV 0 0 0 0 0 0 NV 0 0 0 NV 2/18=11% 11
Brian Fernandez D 23 0 0 0 NV 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 3/23=13% -2 11
Christine Marsh D 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 NV 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 2/23=9% 9
Mitzi Epstein D 12 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 2/24=8% 8
Catherine Miranda D 11 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 NV 1 0 1 NV 0 0 0 2/22=9% -2 7
Theresa Hatathlie D 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 2/24=8% -2 6
Lela Alston D 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 2/24=8% -2 6
Shawnna Bolick R 2 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1/1=100% NA
Flavio Bravo D 26 NA NA NA 1 NA NA NA 0 NA NA NA 1 NA 0 NA 0 NA NA NA NA NA NA 0 NA 2/6=33% NA