DOC No ANS-NDE-MT-001

Magnetic Particle Test

Date 06-May-2014
Procedure Rev No 00

Magnetic Particle Test Procedure

Rev. Date Description Prepared by Reviewed by Approved by

Contents of Table
1. SCOPE --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2

2. REFERENCES ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2

3. PERSONNEL QUALIFICATION ---------------------------------------------------------- 2

4. GENERAL ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2
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 DOC No ANS-NDE-MT-001
Magnetic Particle Test
Date 06-May-2014
Procedure Rev No 00

-
5. PROCEDURE ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6. RECORDS 9
-
7. EVALUATION AND ACCEPTANCE STANDARDS --------------------------------- 9

APPENDIX-I ASME Sec.VIII-Div.1 MANDATORY APPENDIX 6 ------------------ 10

APPENDIX-II ASME Sec.I NONMANDATORY APPENDIX A ------------------ 12

APPENDIX-III ASME B31.1 Chapter VI 136.4.3 --------------------------------------- 13

APPENDIX-IV ASME B31.3 Chapter VI, 341.3.2 ---------------------------------------

# ATTACHMENT.1 REPORT FORM ----------------------------------------------------------- 14

1. SCOPE
1.1. This procedure describes the method and technique for wet continuous method, color
contrast magnetic particle examination and fluorescent magnetic particle examination for
the detection of surface and near-subsurface flaws in ferromagnetic materials employing
electromagnetic yoke equipment.
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Magnetic Particle Test
Date 06-May-2014
Procedure Rev No 00

1.2. This procedure is applied to the items fabricated by welding with the ferromagnetic
materials.
1.3. This test method is the one of the nondestructive testing methods for detecting
discontinuities (flaws) that are open and/or non-open (but limited to near subsurface) to
the surface such as cracks, seams, laps, cold shuts, laminations, through leaks, or lack of
fusion and are applicable to in-process, final, and maintenance examination.
1.4. The materials, shapes and/or sizes to be examined and the extent of the examination
shall be based on the manufacturing drawing.
2. REFERENCES
2.1. ASME Sec.V : 2013
2.2. ASME Sec.I : 2013
2.3. ASME Sec.VIII. Div.1 : 2013
2.4. ASME B31.1 : 2012
2.5. ASME B31.3 : 2012
2.6. ASNT SNT-TC-1A : 2011Ed
2.7. ANS-QAP-A01 Rev.04

3. PERSONNEL QUALIFICATION

3.1. Personnel who perform this examination shall be qualified in accordance with “Procedure
for Qualification and Certification of NDE Personnel", ANS-QAP-A01 Rev.04 which meets
in the requirements of ASNT Recommended Practice, SNT-TC-1A : 2011Ed and
paragraph. 6-2 of ASME Sec.VIII-Div.1 Mandatory Appendix.6.
3.2. Only qualified and certified Level II or Level III personnel in magnetic particle examination
shall interpret test results to determine acceptability.

4. GENERAL
4.1. Material
4.1.1. Magnetic Particle Materials
4.1.1.1. Particle Types
The particles used in wet magnetic particle examination techniques are
basically finely divided ferromagnetic materials which have been treated
to impart color (fluorescent and non-fluorescent) in order to make them

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Magnetic Particle Test
Date 06-May-2014
Procedure Rev No 00

highly visible (contrasting) against the background of the surface being

examined. The particles are designed for suspension at a given
concentration in a suitable liquid medium.
4.1.1.2. Particle Characteristics
The magnetic particles must have high permeability to allow ease of
magnetizing and attraction to the discontinuity and low retentivity so they
will not be attracted (magnetic agglomeration) to each other. The
particles should be non-toxic, free from rust, grease, paint, dirt, and
other deleterious materials that might interfere with their use.
4.1.1.3. Wet Particle Systems
Wet magnetic particles are designed to be suspended in a vehicle such
as water or light petroleum distillate at a given concentration for
application to the test surface by flowing, spraying, or pouring. They are
available in both fluorescent and non-fluorescent concentrates. In
general, the particles are premixed with the suspending vehicle by the
supplier.
4.1.1.4. Color
Fluorescent wet method particles glow a bright greenish-yellow when
viewed under UV light. Non-fluorescent particles are usually black or
red-dish brown, although other colors are available. The color chosen for
any given examination should be one that contrasts most with the test
surface.
4.1.1.5. Concentration of Wet Magnetic Particle Suspension
The initial bath concentration of suspended magnetic particles should be
as specified or as recommended by the manufacturer and should be
checked by settling volume measurements and maintained at the
specified concentration on a daily basis.
4.1.2. White Contrast Paint
In order to increase contrast between the black particles and test surface, white
contrast paint, which is quick drying and easily removed after inspection by using
a solvent, may be used on the test surface.
4.2. Equipment
4.2.1. Electromagnetic Yoke
Alternating or direct current (AC or DC) portable electromagnetic yoke which has
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Magnetic Particle Test
Date 06-May-2014
Procedure Rev No 00

two (2) poles (legs) shall be used.

4.2.2. UV Light (Black Light)
UV light intensity, minimum of 1,000μW/cm2, should be measured on the surface
being examined, with a suitable UV light meter. The UV light wavelength shall be
in the range of 320 to 380 nm. The intensity should be checked weekly to ensure
the required output. Reflectors and filters should be checked daily for cleanliness
and integrity. Cracked or broken UV filters should be replaced immediately.
Defective bulbs, which radiate UV energy, must be replaced before further use.
Since a drop in line voltage can cause decreased black light output with
consequent inconsistent performance, a constant-voltage transformer should be
used when there is evidence of voltage fluctuation. The UV light intensity shall be
re-verified at least once every 8hr, whenever the work station is changed, or
whenever the bulb is changed.
4.3. Lighting
4.3.1. Visible Magnetic Particle Test
The area under inspection shall be illuminated by daylight or artificial light from
either a normal tungsten filament lamp or a fluorescent tube, to level of
illumination not less than 1,000 Lx so as to enable a proper evaluation to be
made of the indications revealed.
4.3.2. Fluorescent Magnetic Particle Test
Visible ambient light should not exceed 20Lx. The Measurement should be made
with a suitable photographic-type visible light meter on the surface being
examined.
4.4. Types of Magnetizing Currents
Both Direct Current (DC) produced form a battery which constant in amplitude &
direction and Alternating Current (AC) provided from a conventional electrical outlet
constantly which varies in amplitude and also reverses in flow direction (polarity) many
times a second may be use for magnetic particle test using electromagnetic yoke.
4.5. Magnetizing Field Adequacy and Direction
4.5.1. Magnetizing Field Adequacy
The applied magnetic field shall have sufficient strength to produce satisfactory
indications, but shall not be so strong that it causes the masking of relevant
indications by non-relevant accumulations of magnetic particles. Factors that
influence the required field strength include the size, shape, and material
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Magnetic Particle Test
Date 06-May-2014
Procedure Rev No 00

permeability of the part; the technique of magnetization; coatings; the method of

particle application; and the type and location of discontinuities to be detected.
When it is necessary to verify the adequacy of magnetic field strength, it shall be
verified by using pie-shaped magnetic particle field indicator (see paragraph 4.5.3
and figure 1).
4.5.2. Magnetic Field Direction
The direction of magnetization shall be determined by particle indications
obtained using an indicator as shown in paragraph 4.5.3 and figure 1. When a
clearly defined line of particles is not formed in the desired direction, the
magnetizing technique shall be changed as needed.
4.5.3. Pie-shaped Magnetic Particle Field Indicator
The indicator, shown in Fig.1, shall be positioned on the surface to be examined,
such that the copper-plated side is away from the inspected surface. A suitable
field strength is indicated when a clearly defined line or (lines) of magnetic
particles form(s) across the copper face of the indicator when the magnetic
particles are applied simultaneously with the magnetizing force. When a clearly
defined line of particles is not formed, the magnetizing technique shall be
changed as needed.
4.6. Examination Coverage
All examinations shall be conducted with sufficient field overlap to ensure 100%
coverage at the required sensitivity.
4.7. Temperature
Particles shall be used within the temperature range limitations set by the manufacturer
of the particles.
4.8. Calibration
4.8.1. Light Meters
Light meters shall be calibrated at least once a year or whenever the meter has
been repaired. If meters have not been in use for one year or more, calibration
shall be done before being used.
4.8.2. Lifting Power of Yokes
a) Prior to use, the magnetizing power of electromagnetic yokes shall have
been checked within the past year. The magnetizing power of all yokes shall
be checked whenever the yoke has been damaged or repaired.
b) Each alternating current electromagnetic yoke shall have a lifting power of at
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Magnetic Particle Test
Date 06-May-2014
Procedure Rev No 00

least 10lb (4.5kg) at the maximum pole spacing that will be used.
c) Each direct current or permanent magnetic yoke shall have a lifting power of
at least 40lb (18kg) at the maximum pole spacing that will be used.
d) Each weigh shall be weighed with a scale from a reputable manufacturer and
stenciled with the applicable nominal weight prior to first use. A weight need
only be verified again if damaged in a manner that could have caused
potential loss of material.

FIGURE 1. PIE-SHAPED MAGNETIC PARTICLE FIELD INDICATOR

5. PROCEDURE
5.1. Surface Preparation
5.1.1. Surface Condition
a) In general, satisfactory results may be obtained when the surface of the part
to be examined is in the as-welded, as-rolled, as-cast, as-forged, or as-
machined condition.
b) Prior to magnetic particle examination, the surface to be examined and all
adjacent areas within at least 1 in. (25 mm) shall be dry and free from all dirt,
grease, lint, scale, welding flux, weld spatter, oil or other extraneous matter

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Magnetic Particle Test
Date 06-May-2014
Procedure Rev No 00

that could interfere with the examination

c) If nonmagnetic coatings are left on the part in the area being examined, it
shall be demonstrated that indications can be detected through the existing
maximum coating thickness applied.
5.1.2. Pre-Cleaning Method
a) Cleaning may be accomplished suing detergents, organic solvents, descaling
solutions, paint removers, vapor degreasing, sand or grit blasting or
ultrasonic cleaning methods.
b) Surface preparation by grinding, machining, or other methods may be
necessary where surface irregularities could mask indications of non-
acceptable discontinuities.
5.1.3. Drying After Preparation
a) After cleaning, drying of the surfaces to be examined shall be accomplished
by normal evaporation or with forced hot or cold air.
b) A minimum period of time shall be established to ensure that the cleaning
solution has evaporated prior to examination.
5.2. White Contrast Paint Application
When applied with visible color magnetic particles, the white contrast paint may be
sprayed on the uncoated surfaces, only in amounts sufficient to enhance particle
contrast.
5.3. Examination
5.3.1. Preliminary Examination
Before the magnetic particle examination is conducted, a check of the
examination surface shall be conducted to locate any discontinuity surface
openings which may not attract and hold magnetic particles because of their
width.
5.3.2. Direction of Magnetization
At least two separate examinations shall be performed on each area. During the
second examination, the lines of magnetic flux shall be approximately
perpendicular to those used during the first examination. A different technique for
magnetization may be used for the second examination.
5.3.3. Method of Examination
a) The ferromagnetic particles used in an examination medium shall be wet and
either fluorescent or non-fluorescent. Examination(s) shall be done by the
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Magnetic Particle Test
Date 06-May-2014
Procedure Rev No 00

continuous method.
b) The magnetic current shall be turned on after the particles have been
applied. Flow of particles shall stop with the application of current. Wet
particles applied from aerosol spray cans may be applied before and/or after
magnetizing current is applied. Wet particles may be applied during the
application of magnetizing current if they are not applied directly to the
examination area and are allowed to flow over the examination area or are
applied directly to the examination area with low velocities insufficient to
remove accumulated particles.
5.4. Interpretation
The interpretation shall identify if an indication as false, non-relevant or relevant. False
and non-relevant indications shall be proven as false or non-relevant. Interpretation shall
be carried out to identify the locations of indications and the character of the indication.
5.4.1. Lighting Condition
5.4.1.1. Visible Color Magnetic Particle Test
Lighting in the area where evaluation is being performed shall be
sufficient as specified in paragraph 4.3.1 to assure proper visibility of all
relevant indications that might be present.
5.4.1.2. Fluorescent Magnetic Particle Test
Lighting in the area where evaluation is being performed shall be dark as
specified in paragraph 4.3.2 to assure proper visibility with UV light of all
relevant indications that might be present.
5.4.2. Interpretation during Fluorescent Magnetic Particle Test with UV Light in a
Darkened Area
a) The examiner shall be in the darkened area for at least 5min prior to
performing the examination to enable his eyes to adapt to dark viewing. If the
examiner wears glasses or lenses, they shall not be photosensitive.
b) The UV light shall be allowed to warm up for a minimum of 5 min prior to use
or measurement of the intensity of the ultraviolet light emitted. Reflectors and
filters should be checked and cleaned daily when in use. Cracked or broken
filters shall be replaced immediately.
5.4.3. Evaluation of Indication
a) All indications shall be evaluated in accordance with the acceptance
standards of paragraph 7
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Magnetic Particle Test
Date 06-May-2014
Procedure Rev No 00

b) Discontinuities on or near the surface are indicated by retention of the

examination medium. However, localized surface irregularities due to
machining marks or other surface conditions may produce false indications.
c) Broad areas of particle accumulation, which might mask indications from
discontinuities, are prohibited, and such areas shall be cleaned and re-
examined.
d) Any questionable or doubtful indications shall be re-examined to verify
whether or not actual defects are present.
e) If an indication greater than 50% of the maximum allowable flaw size is
detected, the coating in the area of the indication shall be removed and the
examination repeated.
5.5. Demagnetization
When residual magnetism in the part could interfere with subsequent processing or
usage, the part shall be demagnetized any time after completion of the examination.
5.6. Post Examination Cleaning
When post-examination cleaning is required, it should be conducted as soon as practical
using a process that does not adversely affect the part.

6. RECORDS
The test result and rejectable indications (defect type, location and length or diameter) shall be
recorded in the attached report format by the certified personnel who perform the examination.

7. EVALUATION AND ACCEPTANCE STANDARDS

All indication shall be evaluated in accordance with APPENDIX-I & APPENDIX-II of this
procedure. Any one of the types of relevant indications not to comply with any of the relevant
limits given in paragraph 6-4 of APPENDIX-I, which is equal to Mandatory Appendix 6 of
ASME Sec.VIII-Div.1 2013Ed. and A-260.4 of APPENDIX-II, which is equal to Non Mandatory
APPENDIX A of ASME Sec.I 2013Ed. shall be rejected.
APPENDIX-I. ASME Sec. VIII-Div.1 Mandatory Appendix 6

6-3. EVALUATION OF INDICATIONS

Indication will be revealed by retention of magnetic particles. All such indications are not
necessarily imperfections, however, since excessive surface roughness, magnetic permeability

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 DOC No ANS-NDE-MT-001
Magnetic Particle Test
Date 06-May-2014
Procedure Rev No 00

variations (such as at the edge of heat affected zones), etc., may produce similar indications.
An indication of an imperfection may be larger than the imperfection that causes it; however,
the size of the indication is the basis for acceptance evaluation. Only indications which have
any dimension greater than 1.5mm shall be considered relevant.
(a) A linear indication is one having a length greater than three times the width.
(b) A rounded indication is one of circular or elliptical shape with a length equal to or less than
three times its width.
(c) Any questionable or doubtful indications shall be re-examined to determine whether or not
they are relevant.

6-4. ACCEPTANCE STANRDS

These acceptance standards shall apply unless other more restrictive standards are specified
for specific materials or applications within this Division.
All surfaces to be examined shall be free of:
(a) Relevant linear indications;
(b) Relevant rounded indications greater than 5mm;
(c) Four or more relevant rounded indications in a line separated by 1.5mm or less (edge to
edge).

6-5. REPAIR REQUIREMENTS

The defect shall be removed or reduced to an imperfection of acceptable size. Whenever an
imperfection is removed by chipping or grinding and subsequent repair by welding is not
required, the excavated area shall be blended into the surrounding surface so as to avoid
sharp notches, crevices, or corners. Where welding is required after repair of an imperfection,
the area shall be cleaned and welding performed in accordance with a qualified welding
procedure.
(a) Treatment of Indications Believed Non-relevant.
Any indication which is believed to be non-relevant shall be regarded as an imperfection
unless it is shown by re-examination by the same method or by the use of other
nondestructive methods and/or by surface conditioning that no unacceptable imperfection
is present.
(b) Examination of Areas From Which Defects Have Been Removed.
After a defect is thought to have been removed and prior to making weld repairs, the area
shall be examined by suitable methods to ensure it has been removed or reduced to an
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Magnetic Particle Test
Date 06-May-2014
Procedure Rev No 00

acceptably sized imperfection.

(c) Re-examination of Repair Areas.
After repairs have been made, the repaired area shall be blended into the surrounding
surface so as to avoid sharp notches, crevices, or corners and re-examined by magnetic
particle method and by all other methods of examination that were originally required for
the affected area, except that, when the depth of repair is less than the radiographic
sensitivity required, re-radiography may be omitted.

APPENDIX-II. ASME Sec.I NONMANDATORY Appendix A

PG-93.3 Methods and acceptance criteria for magnetic Particle and liquid penetrant
examination shall be in accordance with A-260 or A-270, respectively.

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Magnetic Particle Test
Date 06-May-2014
Procedure Rev No 00

Methods for Magnetic Particle Examination (MT)

A-260

A-260.3 Evaluation of Indications. Indications will be revealed by retention of magnetic

particles. All such indications are not necessarily imperfections, however, since excessive
surface roughness, magnetic permeability variations (such as at the edge of heat affected
zones), etc., may produce similar indications.
An indication of an imperfection may be larger than the imperfection that causes it;
however, the size of the indication is the basis for acceptance evaluation. Only indications
that have any dimension greater than 1/16 in.(1.5 mm) shall be considered relevant.

(a) A linear indication is one having a length greater than three times the width.
(b) A rounded indication is one of circular or elliptical shape with a length equal to or less
than three times its width.
(c) Any questionable or doubtful indications shall be reexamined to determine whether or
not they are relevant.

A-260.4 Acceptance Standards. All surfaces to be examined shall be free of

(a) relevant linear indications
(b) relevant rounded indications greater than 3/16 in.(5 mm)
(c) four or more relevant rounded indications in a line separated by 1/16 in.(1.5 mm) or
less, edge to edge.

APPENDIX-III. ASME 31.1 Chapter VI 136.4.3

136.4.3 Magnetic Particle Examination. Whenever required by this Chapter (see Table 136.4),
magnetic particle examination shall be performed in accordance with the methods of Article 7,
Section V, of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code.
(A) Evaluation of Indications
(A.1) Mechanical discontinuities at the surface will be indicated by the retention of the
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Magnetic Particle Test
Date 06-May-2014
Procedure Rev No 00

examination medium. All indications are not necessarily defects; however, certain metallurgical
discontinuities and magnetic permeability variations may produce similar indications that are not
relevant to the detection of unacceptable discontinuities.
(A.2) Any indication that is believed to be nonrelevant shall be reexamined to verify whether or
not actual defects are present. Surface conditioning may precede the reexamination. Nonrelevant
indications that would mask indications of defects are unacceptable.
(A.3) Relevant indications are those that result from unacceptable mechanical discontinuities.
Linear indications are those indications in which the length is more than three times the width.
Rounded indications are indications that are circular or elliptical with the length less than three
times the width.
(A.4) An indication of a discontinuity may be larger than the discontinuity that causes it;
however, the size of the indication and not the size of the discontinuity is the basis of acceptance
or rejection.

(B) Acceptance Standards. Indications whose major dimensions are greater than 1⁄16 in. (2.0 mm)
shall be considered relevant. The following relevant indications are unacceptable:
(B.1) any cracks or linear indications
(B.2) rounded indications with dimensions greater than 3⁄16 in. (5.0 mm)
(B.3) four or more rounded indications in a line separated by 1⁄16 in. (2.0 mm) or less, edge to
edge
(B.4) ten or more rounded indications in any 6 in.2 (3 870 mm2) of surface with the major
dimension of this area not to exceed 6 in. (150 mm) with the area taken in the most unfavorable
location relative to the indications being evaluated

APPENDIX-III. ASME B31.3 Chapter VI, 341.3.2

Any cracks are not allowed

# ATTACHMENT.1 REPORT FORMAT

REPORT OF MAGNETIC PARTICLE EXAMINATION

Report No.

Page No. of

Customer
14Project No. / Name

Item No. / Name Part No. / Name

Examination Time As Ground As Casting
Surface Condition
As machined AS welded
Method Magnetization
Continuouse Residual Prod Yoke
Current Demagnetization
DOC No ANS-NDE-MT-001
AC Magnetic Particle Test
DC YES NO
Block Type ( ) TYPE Illumination TestDate
Temp. 06-May-2014
Field Indicator Procedure Lux
Rev No 00
℃
Equipment Magnetic Particle

S / No. Maker

Maker Density g/l ㎖ / 100㎖

Type / Model Dispersible Agent Dry Wet

Due Date Type Non-Fluorescent Fluorescent

With Maker S / No. Intensity Due Date

Black Light
Without ㎼/㎠
Location
Identification No. Acc. Rej. Interpretation Remarks
(mm)

Date of Examination
Examined by Level

Owner / Customer

Approved by Level Third Party Inspector ANI AI

REPORT OF MAGNETIC PARTICLE EXAMINATION

Report No.

Page No. of

Location
Identification No. Acc. Rej. Interpretation Remarks
(mm) 15