AIBA QUESTION BANK -1

1. Define AI in Detail and demonstrate the advantages and disadvantages of AI?

2. What Comprises to Artificial Intelligence?
3. What is a goal of Artificial Intelligence?
4. List out the application of AI and explain any two applications in detail?
5. Briefly explain history of AI?
6. Differentiate AI and Natural Intelligence?
7. Explain supervised, unsupervised and reinforcement machine learning with
application
8. Explain classification using convolution neural network using suitable diagram and
example.
9. Demonstrate any one application of AI in Business.
10. What is the difference between Cognitive Computing and AI? Explain with the help
of case study with suitable diagram.
11. What is mean by cognitive technology and what it includes?
12. What is Cognitive Computing? Give details of simulation reasoning with its types?
13. How the Products and services embedding cognitive technologies explain with
example?
14. How the Cognitive technology used for new product development?
15. What do you understand by the term image personalization? Explain the process of
contextual bandits with respect to image personalization by Netflix with suitable
block diagram.
16. Explain Metabolic Syndrome Prediction Case study using ANN.
17. Define enterprise strategy and explain the basic parameter as to consider for it?
18. List of the seven key of success and explain one of it in detail?
19. AI changes the cost of prediction and what this means for business explain in detail.
20. Explain in brief Benefit to Client from Economic Strategy Consulting?
21. What is mean Modernization of modern cognitive economy? List out the type of
modernization and explain one of it in detail?
1] Define AI in Detail and demonstrate the advantages and disadvantages of AI?

Artificial Intelligence is composed of 2 words where Artificial means “man-made” and

Intelligence means “thinking power”. So AI means “man-made thinking power”.
It is a branch of computer science by which we can create intelligent machines capable of
behaving like humans, thinking like humans and making their own decisions.
Following are the main advantages of AI:
1. High Accuracy with less error: AI machines or systems are prone to less errors and
high accuracy as it takes decisions as per pre-experience or information.
2. High-Speed: AI systems can be of very high speed and fast decision making, because
of that, AI systems can beat a chess champion in Chess.
3. High reliability: AI machines are highly reliable and can perform the same action
multiple times with high accuracy.
4. Useful for risky areas: AI machines can be helpful in situations such as defusing a
bomb, exploring the ocean floor, where to employ a human can be risky.
5. Digital assistant: AI can be very useful to provide digital assistant to the users such as
AI technology is currently used by various E-commerce websites to show the
products as per customer requirement.
Useful as a public utility: AI can be very useful for public utilities such as a self-
driving car which can make our journey safer and hassle-free, facial recognition for
security purpose, Natural language processing to communicate with the human in
human-language, etc.

Following are the main disadvantages of AI:

1. High cost: The hardware and software requirement of AI is very costly as it requires
lots of maintenance to meet current world requirements.
2. Can’t think out of the box: Even we are making smarter machines with AI, but still
they cannot work out of the box, as the robot will only do that work for which they
are trained or programmed.
3. No feelings and emotions: AI machines can be an outstanding performer, but it
doesn’t have any feelings and therefore are incapable of making emotional
attachments. They may sometimes be harmful for users if the proper care isn’t taken.
4. Increase dependency on machines: With the increment of technology, people are
getting more dependent on devices and hence are losing their mental capabilities.
5. No Original creativity: As humans are so creative and can imagine some new ideas
but still AI machines cannot beat this power of human intelligence and cannot be
creative and imaginative.

2] What comprises to Artificial Intelligence?

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a multidisciplinary field that encompasses various subfields and
techniques aimed at creating machines and systems that can perform tasks that typically
require human intelligence. AI involves simulating human-like cognitive functions and
capabilities in machines.
To achieve the required factors, a machine or software AI requires the following discipline:
 1. Mathematics: Mathematics plays a crucial role in the field of Artificial Intelligence
(AI). It provides the foundation for understanding, developing, and improving AI
algorithms, models and techniques.
2. Biology: While the direct influence of biology on AI might not be as pronounced as
mathematics or computer science, there are several ways in which insights from
biology can inform AI research and development such as Neuromorphic Computing,
Bio-inspired algorithms, healthcare and medicine etc.
3. Psychology: The importance of psychology in AI lies in its ability to provide insights
into human cognition, behaviour, and interaction, which are essential for creating AI
systems that can understand and engage with humans effectively.
4. Sociology: Sociology plays a significant role in the development and implementation
of Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems by providing insights into human society,
behaviour, and interactions.
5. Computer science: Computer science is fundamentally intertwined with the field of
Artificial Intelligence (AI) and is of paramount importance for its development,
innovation, and application. It is fundamental for algorithm development, data
manipulation and processing, machine learning etc.
6. Neurons study: Studying neurons and their functioning is of significant importance in
the field of Artificial Intelligence (AI), particularly in the development of neural
networks and deep learning models. Neurons are the basic units of the brain's
information processing system, and understanding their principles helps in creating AI
systems that can mimic certain aspects of human cognitive processes.
These components collectively contribute to the development and advancement of Artificial
Intelligence. AI research and applications continue to evolve, with new breakthroughs and
innovations occurring regularly.

3] What is a goal of Artificial Intelligence?

The goal of Artificial Intelligence (AI) is to create intelligent systems and machines that can
perform tasks that typically require human intelligence. These systems are designed to
simulate human cognitive functions such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception,
understanding natural language, and decision-making. The ultimate goal of AI is to develop
machines that can exhibit a level of intelligence and autonomy comparable to, or even
surpassing, that of humans in certain domains. Some key objectives and aspirations of AI
include:
1. Replicating human-intelligence: AI aims to automate tasks that are repetitive, time-
consuming, and labour-intensive for humans. This can lead to increased efficiency
and productivity across various industries.
2. Solving knowledge-intensive tasks: AI systems are developed to replace human
involvement in many complex tasks such as data analysis, prediction, decision-
making etc.
3. Personalization: AI strives to develop systems that can personalize user experiences
by understanding individual preferences and adapting content or recommendations
accordingly.
 4. Human-Robot Collaboration: AI aims to create robots and systems that can
collaborate with humans, performing tasks that require both human creativity and
precision.
5. Environmental and Social Impact: AI can be used to address global challenges such as
climate change, resource management, and social inequality through data analysis and
modelling.
6. Assistive Technology: AI can be used to develop technologies that assist individuals
with disabilities, enhancing their quality of life and accessibility.
7. Natural Language Understanding: AI aims to enable machines to understand and
interpret human language, allowing for more natural and intuitive interactions
between humans and computers.

4] List out the application of AI and explain any two applications in detail.
Artificial Intelligence (AI) has a wide range of applications across various industries and
domains. Here is a list of some prominent applications of AI:
1. Healthcare:
2. Finance:
3. Retail and E-commerce:
4. Autonomous Vehicles:
5. Manufacturing:
Two Detailed Applications:
Healthcare - Medical Image Analysis:
Medical image analysis involves using AI techniques to interpret medical images like X-rays,
MRIs, and CT scans. AI algorithms can identify patterns, anomalies, and potential disease
indicators in images. For example, AI can assist radiologists in detecting early signs of
diseases like cancer, enabling quicker diagnosis and treatment planning.
Retail and E-commerce - Product Recommendations:
AI-powered recommendation systems analyse user behaviour and preferences to suggest
products that customers are likely to be interested in. These recommendations enhance the
user experience and drive sales. For instance, platforms like Amazon and Netflix use AI to
suggest products and movies based on a user's past interactions and preferences. This
increases customer engagement and loyalty while boosting revenue.
In these applications, AI leverages data and algorithms to automate complex tasks, make
predictions, and improve decision-making. As AI continues to advance, it is likely to play an
increasingly transformative role across industries, enhancing efficiency, innovation, and
human-machine interactions.
6] Differentiate AI and Natural Intelligence.
AI
Artificial Intelligence is created by humans
through programming and designing
algorithms.
Intelligence in AI is derived from
computational processes, algorithms, and
data-driven patterns.
AI systems learn from data and experience
through processes like machine learning.
AI systems can simulate creativity by
generating new content based on learned
patterns, but this creativity is limited to
patterns present in the training data.
AI lacks genuine emotions and empathy.
AI systems are often designed for specific
tasks and may struggle to generalize their
learning to new, unfamiliar situations outside
their training data.
AI systems lack consciousness and self-
awareness.
AI is a product of human-designed
technology and does not evolve naturally.
AI systems are constrained by their
programming, algorithms, and the data they
are trained on.
AI systems, especially deep learning models,
can consume significant computational
resources and energy during training and
inference
7] Explain supervised, unsupervised and reinforcement machine learning with application.
1. Supervised Learning:
Supervised learning is a type of machine learning where the model is trained on labelled data,
meaning that the input data is paired with corresponding target labels. The goal is for the
model to learn a mapping between inputs and outputs, making predictions on new, unseen
data based on what it learned during training.
Example Application: Image Classification
NI
Natural Intelligence refers to the inherent
cognitive abilities and learning capacity
possessed by living organisms, particularly
humans.
Natural Intelligence originates from the
complex structure and functioning of the
brain
Natural Intelligence involves learning,
reasoning, and adapting based on personal
experiences, social interactions, and exposure
to the environment.
Natural Intelligence displays higher-level
creativity, understanding, and innovation.
Natural Intelligence, especially in humans,
includes emotional experiences, empathy,
and complex emotional responses.
Natural Intelligence allows humans to
generalize knowledge and skills to various
contexts, applying learning from one
situation to solve problems in unrelated
domains.
Natural Intelligence, particularly in humans,
includes consciousness and self-awareness.
Natural Intelligence has evolved over
millions of years through the process of
biological evolution.
Natural Intelligence has inherent flexibility
and adaptability.
Natural Intelligence has evolved to be highly
energy-efficient. The brain's energy
consumption is relatively low compared to
the computational power it provides, making
it an efficient biological system.
Imagine training a model to classify images of animals into different categories (e.g., cats,
dogs, birds). You would provide the model with a dataset of images labelled with the correct
animal category. During training, the model learns to recognize features and patterns in the
images that differentiate one animal from another. Once trained, the model can accurately
classify new images it has never seen before.
2. Unsupervised Learning:
Unsupervised learning involves training a model on unlabelled data, with no specific target
labels provided. The goal is to uncover patterns, relationships, or structures within the data
without explicit guidance on what the model should learn.
Example Application: Clustering
In clustering, the goal is to group similar data points together. For instance, you might use
unsupervised learning to analyse customer purchase data and group customers based on their
shopping behaviour. This can provide insights for targeted marketing campaigns or customer
segmentation.
3. Reinforcement Learning:
Reinforcement learning is a type of machine learning where an agent learns how to interact
with an environment to maximize a reward signal. The agent takes actions in the
environment, receives feedback in the form of rewards or penalties, and learns to optimize its
actions to achieve long-term goals.
Example Application: Game Playing
Consider training an AI to play a video game. The AI takes actions (moves) in the game, and
the environment provides rewards or penalties based on its performance. The AI learns over
time to take actions that lead to higher rewards and avoid actions that result in penalties.
Reinforcement learning is used in training game-playing AIs like those for chess or AlphaGo.

8] Explain classification using convolution neural network using suitable diagram and
example.
Classification using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) is a widely used technique in
the field of deep learning for tasks such as image recognition, object detection, and more.
The below figure is a complete flow of CNN to process an input image of a vehicle and
classifies the object based on values.
 1. Input Image: The input to the CNN is an image. An image is represented as a matrix
of pixel values, where each pixel contains information about color and intensity.
2. Convolutional Layers: Convolutional layers are the core building blocks of a CNN.
They consist of small filters (also called kernels) that slide over the input image to
extract features. These filters learn to capture various patterns and features such as
edges, corners, and textures. As the filters slide over the image, they perform element-
wise multiplication with the local pixel values and then sum the results to produce a
feature map.
3. Activation: After each convolutional operation, an activation function (typically
ReLU - Rectified Linear Activation) is applied element-wise to the feature map. This
introduces non-linearity to the network, allowing it to learn complex relationships
between features.
4. Pooling: Pooling layers, often max-pooling, reduce the spatial dimensions of the
feature maps while retaining the most important information. Max-pooling, for
example, takes the maximum value from a group of neighboring pixels, reducing the
size of the feature maps and making the network more robust to variations in position
and scale.
5. Fully Connected Layers: The output of the convolutional and pooling layers is
flattened and fed into one or more fully connected layers. These layers learn to
combine the high-level features extracted by the previous layers to make the final
decision about the class of the input image.
6. Output (Class Scores): The fully connected layers output a vector of class scores,
representing the network's confidence in each class. This vector is often passed
through a softmax function to convert the scores into probabilities. The class with the
highest probability is the predicted class for the input image.

9] Demonstrate any one application of AI in Business.

AI is used in many fields daily, making our lives easier. The business world is one area where
Artificial Intelligence is widely used. AI can help any business in automating business
processes, gaining insights through data analysis, and engaging with customers and
employees.
Billing and Invoicing
With all businesses come financial responsibilities. It is conceivable that companies may
frequently have bills, pay checks, and invoices exchanged, among others. These accounting
and financial processes can become very cumbersome if handled manually. In addition, there
may be calculation mistakes that can lead to terrible losses. Artificial Intelligence has made
financial management easy and accurate by automating the process.
There is much software available in the market for accounting and invoicing. For manual
paper-based invoicing, the software provide features such as data extraction and segregation,
which, once scanned and uploaded, can extract data from paper invoices and store them.
Electronic invoices are easier to handle as they are analysed and stored automatically. The
AI-powered accounting tools are very precise and systematic, making financial management
a very easy task.
 10] What is the difference between Cognitive Computing and AI? Explain with the help of
case study with suitable diagram.

The technologies behind Cognitive Computing are similar to the technologies behind AI.
These include machine learning, deep learning, NLP, neural networks, etc. But they have
various differences as well.
Cognitive Computing Artificial Intelligence
AI augments human thinking to solve
Cognitive Computing focuses on mimicking human
complex problems. It focuses on providing
behaviour and reasoning to solve complex problems.
accurate results.
It simulates human thought processes to find solutions to AI finds patterns to learn or reveal hidden
complex problems. information and find solutions.
They simply supplement information for humans to make AI is responsible for making decisions on
decisions. their own minimizing the role of humans.
It is mostly used in sectors like customer service, health It is mostly used in finance, security,
care, industries, etc. healthcare, retail, manufacturing, etc.

Cognitive AI: Use Case

Cognitive computing and AI are technologies that rely on data to make decisions. But there
are nuances between the two terms, which can be found within their purposes and
applications.
Let us imagine a scenario where a person is deciding on a career change. An AI assistant will
automatically assess the job seeker’s skills, find a relevant job where his skills match the
position, negotiate pay and benefits. And at the closing stage, it will inform the person that a
decision has been made on his behalf.

Whereas, a cognitive assistant suggests potential career paths to the job seeker, besides
furnishing the person with important details like additional education requirements, salary
comparison data, and open job positions. However, in this case, the final decision must be
still taken by the job seeker.
Thus, we can say, cognitive computing helps us make smarter decisions on our own
leveraging machines. Whereas, AI is rooted in the idea that machines can make better
decisions on our behalf.

11] What is mean by cognitive technology and what it includes?

It is now possible to automate tasks that require human perceptual skills, such as recognizing
handwriting or identifying faces, and those that require cognitive skills, such as planning,
reasoning from partial or uncertain information, and learning. Technologies able to perform
tasks such as these, traditionally assumed to require human intelligence, are known as
cognitive technologies.
Cognitive technology encompasses a range of advanced technologies, including but not
limited to:
1. Artificial Intelligence (AI): AI involves creating systems that can perform tasks that
usually require human intelligence. This includes machine learning, natural language
processing, and computer vision.
2. Machine Learning: A subset of AI, machine learning focuses on developing
algorithms and models that enable systems to learn from data and improve their
performance over time.
3. Natural Language Processing (NLP): NLP enables computers to understand, interpret,
and generate human language. This technology is essential for applications like
chatbots, language translation, and sentiment analysis.
4. Cognitive Computing: Cognitive computing refers to systems that can simulate
human thought processes, learning, and decision-making. IBM's Watson is an
example of a cognitive computing system.
5. Deep Learning: Deep learning is a subset of machine learning that uses neural
networks with multiple layers to model complex patterns and representations in data.