Geology is the science that deals with the earth’s physical structure and substance, the materials

of which it is made, its history, and the processes that act on it.
Engineering geology deals with the study of the structure of the earth in relation to the civil
engineering for the implementation of safe and cost-effective design for construction projects.

It carries a very important role for structural engineers to understand as it helps them accurately
plan a project when studying the design, location, and other important geological factors.
Engineering geology also helps to guarantee safe and cost-effective design for construction
projects. It is very essential in the planning, design, and construction phase for an engineering
project to check the geological information for a project site. Every civil engineering works
involve earth and its features. Geological information is necessary in every stage of the project
be it preparing, building or construction period of the project.

As all work performed by civil engineers consists of earth and its characteristics, it is essential to civil
engineering. To succeed in a civil engineering project, engineers must consider the land on which the
project rests. To decide if it is stable enough to sustain the proposed project, geologists are studying the
ground. To assess whether a given location is vulnerable to flooding, they also research water patterns.
Geologists are used by some civil engineers to test rocks for essential metals, oil, natural gas, and land.

Most civil engineering projects require some soil and rock mining or involve loading the Earth by
building on it. Excavated rocks may be used as a building material in some situations, while in others,
rocks may form a large part of the finished product, such as the cutting of the motorway or site f or
reservoir. A project's efficiency, planning and design, construction and costing, and protection may be
critically dependent on the geological conditions under which the construction is to take place. The
demands on the engineer's geological expertise or the need for geological advice would be less, but never
insignificant, in modest projects, or in those involving the redevelopment of a restricted site. In such
situations, site investigation by boring and examining samples can be an appropriate opening to
construction.
Rocks are used to build the foundation or base of civil engineering projects because the rocks are
more durable and stronger. The geology division that deals with the application of geological
expertise to civil engineering projects is referred to as geological engineering or geological
engineering. Engineering geologists are required anywhere there is a need for an understanding of
rock and geological structures, i.e. road building, foundations of construction, dam construction, etc
(3). When planning a major construction, the local geology of an area is important (4). An area's
geology reflects the location and function of every civil engineering structure (5). Natural hazards
(earthquakes, landslides, and tsunamis) are formed on the surface of the earth and cause
deformation. It is not possible to eliminate natural hazards, but its estimation decides the (6).

Different rock forms & uses: Rocks are the minerals' naturally solid gather (7). Since the earth's crust
is made up of rocks, a rock can be defined as a unit of the earth's crust (8). Minerals are largely
responsible for rock formation (9). Civil engineers need to consider the properties of rocks for certain
types of rocks used for many purposes (such as base rock, building stone, road rock or metal, etc).
(10).

I Igneous rocks: By the process of cooling and crystallization, these rocks are formed from hot
molten lava and magma (12). The hot molten material that exists naturally below the earth's surface
is called magma, when erupted volcanoes it is called lava. Igneous rocks are made from lava and
magma, both

Sedimentary rocks: The secondary rocks created by sediment deposition, compaction, and
consolidation are sedimentary rocks (17). The sediments are the particles produced by the decay
and weathering of pre-existing rocks (18). Under water, the deposition and compaction of such
sediments also takes place

Metamorphic rocks: The metamorphism of pre-existing igneous, sedimentary or even metamorphic

rocks is the result of metamorphism (23). The changes that take place during the formation of
metamorphic rocks include texture and structure changes (24). Most minerals are fully or partially
recrystallized in the rock in the metamorphic phase, creating new texture and structure.

Building projects under the consideration of a geologist: the engineering department dealing with the
design, development and maintenance of these large structures is referred to as civil engineering. Some
geological aspects of civil engineering are summarized in this unit (27). ). Highways, roads, bridges, dams
and pipelines are examples of facilities that involve significant changes to the surface of the Earth (28).
The geology of a region defines the location and function of any structure in civil engineering (29).

1. In planning civil engineering projects, geological maps support. It offers details on the
structural deposition of the types of rock in the region proposed.

2. In assessing the earthquake-prone regions, geology helps. If any geological features

such as faults, folds, etc. are detected, they must be handled accordingly to improve the
structure's stability.

3. Surface water experience of erosion, transport and deposition (ETD) enables soil
protection, river management, coastal and harbour work.

4. The total cost would be minimized by a geological survey of a site before beginning a
project.

These are the reasons why students of civil engineering are taught geology in their
curriculum. This demonstrates the relevance of geology in civil engineering.

Common foundational problems in dams, bridges, and other buildings are typically directly related to
the geology of the area where they were constructed.