GOENKA AND ASSOCIATES EDUCATIONAL TRUST

VASANT VIHAR HIGH SCHOOL & JR COLLEGE

GRADE: 8 CHAPTER 4. ENERGY (2020 -2021) PHYSICS
A. Tick the most appropriate answer.
1. in which of the following situations, no work is said to be done?
a. drawing water from a well b kicking a ball c. climbing up a hill d. pushing a wall
2. No work is said to be done if the angle between the directions of force and displacement is
a. 0° b. 9O° c. between 0° and 90° d. 180°
3. 1f the force applied on a body decreases, then the work done on it will
a. decrease b. increase c. remain the same d. be zero.
4. When a ball is thrown vertically upwards, the gravitational potential energy of the ball
a. increases b. decreases c. remains the same d. becomes zero.
6. Which of the following is an example of stored energy?
a. light energy b. sound energy c. electrical energy d. chemical energy
7. If the velocity of an object increases, then its kinetic energy
a. increases b. decreases c. remains the same d. becomes zero
8. What is the SI unit of power?
a. J b. J/s c. J.s d. s

B. Fill in the blanks.

1. The energy possessed by a moving train is in the form of kinetic energy.
2. The work done by the force of gravity on a child walking horizontally with a bag in his hand is
zero.
3. The kinetic energy of an object of mass 10 kg is more than that of an object of mass 2 kg, if both
are moving with the same velocity.
4. The potential energy of raindrops decreases when they fall down.
5. A hydroelectric power plant uses the transformation of potential energy to kinetic energy to
generate electricity.
6. Power is greater if more work is done in less interval of time.

C. Match the columns.

1. Work done a. force x displacement
4. Vibrating bodies b. sound energy
5. Energy c. capacity to do work
D. Write true or false. Correct the false statements.

1. Work is said to be done only if a force is applied on a body.

False, Work is said to be done only if a force is applied on a body causes the body to be
displaced in the direction of the force.
2. If a car and a motorcycle are running at the same speed, then both will have the same
kinetic energy.
False, Kinetic energy depends on both speed and mass, since the mass of the car and
motorcycle differ they both will have different kinetic energy.
3. When you climb up the stairs, your potential energy increases.
True
4. Energy can easily be created.
False, According to the law of conservation of energy, energy cannot be created but can be
transformed from one form to another.
5. The sum of potential and kinetic energy keeps changing for any system.
False, For any given system the sum of potential and kinetic energy is always constant.
6. Roller coaster ride is an example of transformation of energy between potential and kinetic
energy.
True
7. Electrical energy can be considered as a type of kinetic energy.
True
8. Power and energy means the same.
False, Power and energy are two different physical quantities

E. Answer the following in a word or two or in a sentence.

1. What will be the work done by a force acting on a body if the displacement of the body is zero?
Ans. Zero
2. Give an example in which potential energy gets converted into kinetic energy.
Ans. Electricity produced in a hydroelectric power plant
3. Name the energy possessed by a flowerpot placed at the rooftop of a building.
Ans. Potential energy
4. What are the two factors on which kinetic energy of an object depends?
Ans. Mass and Velocity

F. Answer the following in short.

1. State the factors responsible for the work done by a body.
Ans. The factors responsible for the work done by a body:
 - A force must be applied on the object.
- The object should move from its position of rest.
- The displacement must be because of the force applied and should be in the direction of
the force applied.
2. Define kinetic energy and give an example of a body possessing kinetic energy.
Ans. Kinetic energy of a body is the energy possessed by it due to its motion or movement. All
moving things have kinetic energy. A child riding a bicycle, a moving bus, a moving swing, flowing
water and moving air are some examples of bodies that possess kinetic energy.
3. State two differences between power and energy.

Power Energy
1. It is the amount of energy transferred in a 1. It is the capacity to do work.
unit time.
2. It doesn’t depend on time. 2. It depends on time.
3. Its SI unit is watt (W). 3. Its SI unit is joule (J).
4. It cannot be transformed from one form to 4. It can be converted from one form to
another. another.
5. It cannot be stored. 5. It can be stored.

4. List two situations where no work is done.

Ans. Situations where no work is done:
- When there is no force applied
- When a force is applied but there is no displacement
- When a force is applied, the object moves, but comes back to the starting point.
- When a force acting on the object and the displacement cause are at right angles to each
other.

5. How can you measure the gravitational potential energy of an object?

Ans. The gravitational potential energy of an object is measured using the expression:
P.E. =m x g x h
Where, m = mass of the body (in kg)
g = acceleration due to gravity = 9.8 m/s2 ≈ 10 m/s2
h = height at which the body is placed above the reference level

6. State the law of conservation of energy.

Ans. The law of conservation of energy states that:
- Energy can neither be created nor destroyed.
 - It can only be converted from one form of energy to another.
- The sum total of energies of all kinds in an isolated system always remains constant.

G. Answer the following in detail.

1. Explain why water stored in a dam has potential energy.

Ans. i. Potential energy is the energy possessed by a body by virtue of its position or its
configuration.
ii. Gravitational potential energy is given by the formula 𝑃. 𝐸. = 𝑚 × 𝑔 × ℎ
iii. The water held behind the dam has potential energy because of its position.
iv. In addition, potential energy is directly proportional to the height at which the object is placed.
Since water is stored in a dam at a height, it has maximum potential energy at that height

2. What is meant by mechanical energy? Explain in detail.

Ans. i. Energy can neither be created nor be destroyed. Energy exists in many different forms.
Each of these can be converted from one form to another.
ii. When work is done on a body, another body supplies the force to do the work.
For example, when you lift a stone from the ground, your body supplies the force which raises the
height of the stone from the ground. In doing the work, your body spends some energy. As energy
is neither created nor destroyed, some of the energy spent by your body is gained by the stone.
iii. Work is done on a body when the body is displaced. So, the energy gained by a body due to its
state of motion or due to its position is known as mechanical energy.
vi. Mechanical energy is of two types -kinetic energy or energy in action and potential energy or
stored energy.

3. Describe the work-energy relationship by giving a suitable example.

Ans. i. Energy is the ability to do work, which means there is a direct relationship between energy
and work.
ii. When an object is at a height from the ground, it has a potential energy. If the object is dropped, it
falls down because of the force of gravity. This shows that work is being done on the object.
iii. While the object is falling down, its potential energy is gradually used up until it becomes zero.
iv. At any point, during this fall, the amount of potential energy which is used up by the object is
equal to the distance the object has travelled under the influence of gravitational force.
v. So, work done by a body is equal to the energy change in the body.
H. Solve the following numerical problems.
1. Calculate the work done in pushing a cart through a distance of 10m when the force applied on it
is equal to 120N.
Given: Force, f = 120N
Displacement, s = 10m
To find: Work done, W
Formula: W = F X s
Solution:
W = 120 x 10 = 1200J
Ans. 120J of work is done in pushing the cart.

2. If 1000J of work is done by a machine to move a body through a distance of 20m, then find the
force applied on the body.
Given: Work done, W = 1000J
Displacement, s = 20m
To find: Force, F
Formula: W = F X s
Solution:
1000 = F x 20
F = 1000/20 = 50N
Ans. 50 N force is applied on the body.

3. Calculate the kinetic energy of an object weighing 600 kg moving at a velocity of 30 m/s.
Given: Mass, m = 600 kg
Velocity, v = 30 m/s
To find: Kinetic Energy
1
Formula: 𝐾. 𝐸. = 𝑚𝑣 2
2
Solution:
1
𝐾. 𝐸. = 2 × 600 × (30)2
𝐾. 𝐸. = 300 × 900 = 270000 J
Ans. The Kinetic energy of the object is 270000 J

4. Calculate the potential energy of a stone weighing 2.5 kg placed at a height of 6 m.

Given: Mass, m = 2.5 kg
Height, h = 6 m
Acceleration due to gravity, g = 10 m/s
To find: Potential Energy
Formula: P. E. = mgh
Solution:
𝑃. 𝐸. = 2.5 × 10 × 6
𝑃. 𝐸. = 150 𝐽
Ans. The potential energy of a stone = 150 J

5. Calculate the work done by a boy in lifting a 10kg laptop from the ground and keeping in on a
shelf 1.5m high.
Given: Mass of the laptop, m = 10 kg
Height, h = 1.5 m
g = 10 m/s2
To find: Work done, W
Formula: P.E. = mgh
Solution:
P.E. = 10 × 10 × 1.5 m = 150 J
From work-energy relationship, we can deduce that the work done by the boy in lifting the laptop
gets stored in it as gravitational potential energy. Hence,
Work done in lifting the laptop = Energy change in the laptop = 150 J

Ans. 150 J of work is done by the boy.

6. A person does 5000 J of work in climbing a tree of height 5 m. Calculate the mass of the person.
Given: height, h = 5 m
Work done, W = 5000 J
To find: mass of the person, m
Formula: P.E. = mgh
Solution:
From work-energy relationship, we can say that the work done by the person in climbing the tree
against gravity gets stored in him as gravitational potential energy.
P.E. = W = 5000 J
P.E. = mgh
5000 = m × 10 × 5
m = 100 kg
Ans. The mass of the person is 100 kg.

7. A 900 kg compact car is moving at a certain speed. If its Kinetic energy is 3,20,000 J, find the
velocity at which the car is travelling.
Given: Mass, m = 900 kg
K.E. = 3,20,000 J
To find: Velcoity, v
1
Formula: 𝐾. 𝐸. = 𝑚𝑣 2
2
Solution:
1
3,20,000 = 2 × 900 × 𝑣 2
3,20,000 = 450 × 𝑣 2

3,20,000
𝑣2 = = 711.11
450

𝑣 = 26.67 𝑚/𝑠
Ans. The car is travelling with a velocity of 26.67m/s.

8. Two bodies of equal masses move with uniform velocities v and 3v, respectively. Find the ratio
of their kinetic energies.
1
Formula: 𝐾. 𝐸. = 𝑚𝑣 2
2
Solution:
Let the masses of the two bodies be m
Let their velocities be va and vb respectively.
va = v and vb = 3v
1 1
K.Ea = 2 𝑚va2 = 2 𝑚v2

1 1 2
K.Eb = 2 𝑚vb2 = 2 𝑚(3v)
1
= 2 × 𝑚 × 9 × v2
1
= 9 × 2 𝑚v2

1
𝐾.𝐸𝑎 𝑚𝑣 2
= 2
1
𝐾.𝐸𝑏 9× 𝑚𝑣 2
2

𝐾. 𝐸𝑎 1
=
𝐾. 𝐸𝑏 9
Ans. Ratio of their kinetic energies is 1:9

Think and answer

1. A man is walking with a suitcase held in his hand.
a. Why is no work done on the suitcase if the man is walking on a horizontal platform?
b. Why is work said to be done if the man is climbing a staircase?
Ans. i. If a man carrying a suitcase is walking on a horizontal platform, the suitcase moves. But the force
applied (force of gravity) on the suitcase is in the vertically downwards direction, whereas, its
displacement is in the horizontal direction. A vertical force can never cause a horizontal displacement.
So the displacement of the suitcase is not due to the force of gravity acting on it. Therefore, no work is
done by the force of gravity in this case.
ii. If a man carrying a suitcase climbs up a staircase, then work is done to carry the suitcase against the

force of gravity.

3. Which factor will have a greater effect on the kinetic energy of an object, doubling its mass or
doubling its velocity?
Ans.
Let mass of an object be m and its velocity be v.

Kinetic energy of the object, K.E. = ½ mv2

When the mass is doubled, kinetic energy = ½ (2m) v2 = mv2

When the velocity is doubled, kinetic energy = ½ m (2v)2 = 2 mv2

Doubling the velocity of an object will have greater effect on its kinetic energy than doubling its

mass.
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Kindly note: According to the revised portion (reduced syllabus) the concepts on elastic potential
energy and conservation of energy – simple pendulum has been excluded from your syllabus.
Hence the questions given below will not be tested for examination.

A. Tick the most appropriate answer.

5. Which form of energy is possessed by a stretched spring?
a. chemical b. elastic potential c. kinetic d. heat
C. Match the columns.
2. Simple pendulum d. transformation of energy
3. Coiled spring in a watch e. elastic potential energy
E. Answer the following in a word or two or in a sentence.
5. Name the energy stored in a compressed spring.
Ans. Elastic potential energy
G. Answer the following in detail.
4. Describe the energy transformation taking place in an oscillating pendulum.
Ans. i. When a pendulum swings to-and-fro, its energy constantly changes from potential to kinetic
and vice versa, but the sum total of both the energies at any point always remains constant
ii. At position B: When the bob is raised from position A to
position B, work is done on it against the force of gravity.
This work done gets stored in it in the form of gravitational
potential energy. At this position, the pendulum has only
potential energy but no kinetic energy.
iii. At position A: When the bob starts moving down from
position B to position A, its potential energy goes on
decreasing but its kinetic energy goes on increasing. When the bob reaches the mean position A, it
has maximum kinetic energy and minimum potential energy.
iv. At position C: As the bob goes from position A towards C, its kinetic energy goes on decreasing
but its potential energy goes on increasing. On reaching the extreme position C, the bob has only
potential energy but no kinetic energy.

Think and answer

2. How does an archer use the law of conservation of energy to hit his target?
Ans. An archer draws back the arrow against the bowstring, the work done in stretching the string
gets stored in it as elastic potential energy. When the bowstring is released, the stored potential
energy is transformed into the kinetic energy of the string. The motion of the string launches the
arrow on to the target.

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