Dtpiproject

TO AVOID ROAD ACCIDENTS
Design Thinking Project Title Here . . .
Project Report for

Design Thinking & Product Innovation
By
Name: K.Vamsi krishna Name: K.Gopi Mukund

Roll No:21331A0467 Roll No:21331A0469
Name: K.Prasanth
Name: K.Leela Madhuri Roll No:21331A0470
Roll No:21331A0468
Department of electronics and communication Engineering

Maharaj Vijayaram Gajapathi Raj College of Engineering (Autonomous)
Vizianagaram, Andhrapradesh, India – 535005
(Affiliated to JNTUK)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
A2CIT205 - Design Thinking & Product Innovation | Workbook
Table of Contents
Problem Statement 2
The 5 Whys 3
Interviews 4
User Interview Report 5
Interview Observations 8
Persona 9
User Persona Details 10
User Experience/ Journey Map(s) 16

User Experience Map 17
User Experience Map 19
Experience/ Journey Map 21
The 6-3-5 Method 22

The 6-3-5 Method Worksheet 23
Dot Voting Method 27

Dot Voting Report Sheet 28
Storyboarding/ Sketching 29
Storyboard/ Sketching Report Sheet 30
Storyboard/ Sketch of a Scene/ Section 31
User Tests 34
User Test Report Sheet 35
Summary Report 38
Department of Electronics and communication Engineering, MVGR College of Engineering (Autonomous)

1
Problem Statement
Write your problem statement not more than 400 words. Content must be aligned properly. Also you may
use images not more than 2. List the references/ reference links at the end of the content.
Discovering the associations among the traffic accidents and related injuries is the key
factor in reducing the traffic accidents. Identification of injuries severity is a key factor for the
proper treatment. As number of traffic accidents are increasing and injuries severity is a
critical factor to identify. Public suffering from many major injuries even after many years of
accidents.
Road accidents are the leading cause of death all over the world especially in India. It
is so unfortunate because it is risky for one’s life and his/her family. People aged between 18-
25 years are more affected by a road accident according safety measures, overtaking …etc.
are the reasons. For road accidents use of defective vehicles also causes road accidents
References :
1. https://ijrcs.org/wp-content/uploads/IJRCS202107006.pdf
2. https://img.ehstoday.com/files/base/ebm/ehstoday/image/2021/05/
dreamstime_l_30775208.60b10543e10d8.png?
auto=format,compress&fit=crop&h=278&w=500&q=45

2
The 5 Whys
The aim of the method is to raise awareness of a specific problem or situation. The aim is to achieve a
holistic understanding of why processes do not achieve the desired results and where changes need to
be made. In each block prepare a ‘why’ question and answer it and repeat it for 5 times. It should be
noted that this method will only reveal answers and facts that are already known to the respondents. It is
also important to ask the right questions and follow the right track.
How to do it ?
1. Formulate the problem to be questioned in one sentence.

2. Answer the question about the 'why' together in the team.
3. Write the answer in a complete sentence.
4. Convert the previous answer into the next 'why' question.
5. Repeat five times or until you have reached the cause of the problem.
What type of roads do casualties occurs?

The majority of casualties occurred on built-up urban roads. However, the majority of fatalities
occurred on rural roads. The reason for this is that rural roads have higher average speeds
which often result in more serious collisions
What are the major contributory factors to accidents?

Exceeding the speed limit was reported as a factor in 7 per cent of all accidents, but these
accidents involved 18 per cent of fatalities. At least one of exceeding the speed limit and
travelling too fast for the conditions was reported in 12 per cent of all accidents and these
accidents accounted for 25 per cent of all fatalities
What can be done to reduce the number of accidents

involving young drivers?
The introduction of the new practical driving test, which the Driver and Vehicle Licensing
Agency has been trialling, which is widely recognised as providing a more realistic
assessment of real-world independent driving; and ensure, as part of the learning to drive
process that, road safety education teaches young drivers how to develop self-regulatory
plans to reduce driving risk – it is not enough to just teach the physical skills and capabilities
needed for driving.
Why do older drivers have collisions?

Older car drivers and all car drivers share the same top 2 contributory factors (CFs). However,
these are allocated to a larger proportion of older car drivers, with 42.6 per cent of CFs
attributed to older car drivers relating to “driver failed to look properly”, compared to 35.7 per
cent for all drivers

3
What is the main cause of road accidents?

Over-speeding, rash driving, violation of rules, failure to understand signs, fatigue, alcohol.
Pedestrian: Carelessness, illiteracy, crossing at wrong places moving on carriageway,
Jaywalkers.
Interviews
In contextual interviews, holistic information will be asked for. A suitable question and detailed answers
of the interviewees should provide detailed and contextually classifiable information. The quality of the
interview depends on the selection of the right interview partners. Select users from the mainstream as
well as "extreme" user groups with special features. In addition, it is important to act as a neutral
conversation partner and not to evaluate the topics and answers in the interview.
How to do it?
1. Think in advance about the topics you would like to discuss and the questions that need to be
answered. Put yourself in the role of the user and think about what occupies him.
2. Avoid closed and pre-formulated questions.
3. Invite the interviewee(s) to the interview. Individual interviews are preferable.
4. Orient yourself on your questions during the interview, while also keeping the natural flow of
conversation.
5. Listen carefully to your interviewee. Ask for the background to her statements.
6. Record the information and answers during the interview.
7. Review, analyse and summarise the collected information after the interview. Name the most
interesting findings and statements.
I have interviewed . . .
User Type User Name User is a . . .
police REDDY He is a conistable in vizayanagaram.
AUTO T.V RAJ He is a auto driver in vizayanagaram.

DRIVER
AUTO Y.KRISHNA RAO He is a auto driver in vizayanagaram.

DRIVER
My Questions for them were . . .
1.What is the main reason for accidents?

2.How does the accidents effects?
3.How do you reduce the accidents?
4.what are main steps you should follow to reduce the accidents?

4
User Interview Report
User Name REDDY
About the User(in

2 lines) He is a conistable in vizayanagaram. Lives in vizayanagaram.
User Responses
1.He said that over speeding , and sleeping while driving is the main reason for the accidents.
2.He said It is the major problem . It effects more.
3.Roads should be good , improving maintainance of traffic signals.
4.Roads should be mainain properly, and applying spead breakers on crowded areas.and putting driving
boards we can reduces the accidents.
User Name T.V RAJ
About the User

(in 2 lines) He is a auto driver in vizayanagaram.he lives in vizayanagaram.
User Responses
1.He said over speeding and rash driving are main cause for accidents.
2.He said it effectts he life.and said life is at risk.
3.He said that by, driving slowly it can reduces the accidents.
4.Set the speed limit to the certain area .
User Name Y.KRISHNA RAO
About the User He is a auto driver who lives in vizayanagaram.

(in 2 lines)
User Responses

5
1.He said over speeding and not following the traffic rules are the main reasons for accidents.
2.He said It effects the life and even it effects the family,.
3.By driving properly and carefully we can reduce the accidents.
4.By builting speed breakers. And by driving with certain amount of persons.
Interview Observations
Reflect your interview observations in 500 words.
1.It is very difficult to solve major problems with less or lack of advanced tools and
equipments.
2 The principle behind the brake system was fluid mechanics. [study of fluid behavior]
3 If there is a breakdown in the fluid pipe of the brake system, it may lead to
accidents.
4 But there is no chance of accidents, as after every repair we test drive the vehicle.
5 Hydraulic brakes are used to stop or slow moving systems.
6 Mechanical brakes worked well for early generations of cars. These vehicles
traveled
relatively slowly, and the friction brake system could stop them quickly.
7 As the brakes are applied, the shoes are forced outward into contact with the drum,
which
stops the vehicle.

6
8 if we increase the rules and safety on the roads we should not injure with accidents.
9 Hydraulic brake systems are used as the main braking system on almost all
passenger vehicles and light trucks.
10 Having the brakes applied earlier when a crash is about to occur reduces the speed
at the
time of impact, which reduces the force applied to each vehicle and body within those
vehicles.
11 Cars moving at a slower speed when they hit each other are less likely to hurt the
passengers and people in them.
12 Drive in the prescribed speed limits on the various roads. Always put on helmets,
seat
belts and other safety equipments before driving a bicycle/ motorcycle/vehicle. Do
not drink
and drive. Never use mobile phones or ear phones while driving.
13 Motor vehicle brake fluids are used to transfer energy to the actuating mechanism
in the
hydraulic drive of the brake assembly of a car and to remove heat from the brake
discs.
Persona
The personas are used to personify the needs of the interest groups. This helps the Design Thinking team
gain empathy and a better understanding of the users.Personas should be created when the context or
users are not sufficiently known. It is necessary to collect (unstructured) information about the interest
groups in advance. Pay attention to ensure that each persona represents the selected stakeholder group
as comprehensively as possible. Qualities should not duplicate and each persona should be completely
unique. Nevertheless, personas never represent the complete reality, so don't forget the real users.
How to do it?
1. Collect extensive data on target users.

2. Determine the qualities of and differences between users.

7
3. Develop a hypothesis from the research, determining the qualities of and differences between
users.
4. Ensure stakeholders agree on the hypothesis about the users.
5. Determine a number of personas – more than one per project, but focus especially on one.
6. Name and describe each persona in 1-2 pages, including:
a. A picture.
b. User’s values, interests, education, lifestyle, needs, attitudes, desires, limitations, goals
and behavior patterns.
c. Extra details about the persona (e.g., interests) – anything to make him/her more real
and relevant and help build empathy. A written story is better than bullet points.
7. Describe several situations/scenarios prompting the persona to use your product – put him/her
in contexts with problems to overcome.
8. Include everyone involved in the project so they’ll accept the persona or advise revisions.
9. Send them the persona to use in their work.
10. Ensure everyone develops scenarios – these should expose the persona optimally to potential
use cases.
11. Make continuous adjustments – revisit the persona; add new features; add required new
personas; discard outdated personas.

8
User Persona Details
Name * REDDY Photo Here. . .

Age* 26
Gender* Male
Occupation* Conistable
Address Vizianagaram
Email/Phone
About
He comes from a small middle-class family and he is as a conistable.
Likes & Dislikes
He likes to travel and spend time with family.

He dislikes are laziness and procrastination
Strength & Weakness :
His strengths are family and hard work.

His weakness is laziness
Expectations/ Goals:
His goal is to be a successful police man till the end

9
Name * T v raju Photo Here. . .

Age* 40
Gender* Male
Occupation* Auto driver
Email/Phone
About
He is an auto driver since 5 years.
Likes & Dislikes

He likes to help people. He dislikes fake friends and fake smiles.
His strength is he is much flexible and dedicated towards his work. His weakness is
he feels discomfort asking for help.
He wishes to become a taxi drive and lead a happy life and take a financial
responsibilities of his families

10
Name * V krishna Photo Here. . .

Age* 38
Gender* Male
Occupation* Auto driver
Email/Phone
About
He is an auto driver since 4 years.
Likes & Dislikes

He likes to explore food, and to travel. He dislikes working on the weekends.

His strength is always be patience and observe the things going on and reply in
correct time. His weakness is uncomfortable with public speaking.
His goal is to join any other job rather than auto

11
User Experience/ Journey Map(s)
A user experience/ journey map is a research-based tool. It examines the story of how a customer relates
to the business, brand or product over time. As you might expect – no two customer journeys are
identical. However, they can be generalized to give an insight into the “typical journey” for a customer as
well as providing insight into current interactions and the potential for future interactions with customers.
They help us to explore what customers think, feel, see, hear and do and also raise some interesting
“what ifs” and the possible answers to them. This method helps to get to know the user and his context
better. It is recommended when new ideas are needed to improve the quality of the user experience.
“A customer journey map is a very simple idea: a diagram that illustrates the steps your
customer(s) go through in engaging with your company, whether it be a product, an online experience,
retail experience, or a service, or any combination. The more touch points you have, the more complicated
— but necessary — such a map becomes. Sometimes customer journey maps are “cradle to grave,”
looking at the entire arc of engagement.” - Adam Richardson of Frog Design
Pre - Requisites: Types of users and their personas
How to build an experience map?
1. Review the user persona to understand the user story

2. Determine the time scale of their interactions
3. List out the various touchpoints in their interactions
4. Identify the channels/ actions of interactions
5. Note the user experience on each interaction as ‘easy’, ‘okay’, ‘difficult’, ‘good’, ‘bad’ and ‘not
needed’ etc.,
6. Understand the interactions and list pain points or draw/ build ‘TO-BE Map’

12
User Experience Map
User Story
He is a policeman at vizianagaram
Timescale
I interviewed him at rtc complex and listed to the problems that he faced.
List of Interactions/ Touchpoints

he saw the following problems
● Over speeding
● High traffic
● Improper parking
● Drunken driving
● Irresponsible driving
Channels/ Actions for each interaction/ touchpoint User Experience
He told the following ideas to implement for reducing While he is

the road accidents travelling from
● Following the foreign ideas to control speeders. her house to office,
● Setting alcohol controls at the shops and various he observe various
places where alcohol is being supplied. things about the
● Making people realize the responsibility one carries problems in the
while he/she is driving a vehicle. traffic measures.
● Parking at random places is to be avoided atmost all He this situation
times. continues this
● Making proper paths for people in a traffic.(creating might lead to road
many points to reach certain accidents
destination)
List of Pain Points

13
● Few people drive after drinking alcohol.

● Many people are going over speed limits in the few specified areas.
● Vehicles are parked improperly and creates heavy traffic in the area.
● The drivers doesn't think straight and feel like they are the only ones
on road. This leads to irresponsible driving.
Experience/ Journey Map

14
The 6-3-5 Method
The aim is to collectively develop as many ideas as possible for the given problem. The point is not the
maturity of the ideas, but rather the quantity of the approaches and the integration of the whole group
with the aim of discovering new creative ways to solve the problem. The idea behind 6-3-5 Brainwriting is
to have 6 participants write down 3 ideas on a worksheet in a 5 minute timebox, hence the name. After
each participant takes a turn jotting down the 3 ideas, they pass them on to either contribute to the
existing idea, or start anew. After 6 rounds, 108 ideas are generated in 30 minutes. The steps following
involve deleting duplicates, clustering, and identifying the top chosen solution of the group (example,
perhaps by dot-voting.).
The 6-3-5 method is useful when new and innovative problem-solving ideas are allowed and
needed. For example, when old structures and methods are to be broken. It is expressly not necessary
that the team is familiar with the problem area, because new and unusual ways of thinking can better help
to solve the problem. The results are produced within a short period of time and are therefore seldom
mature or can even lead to nothing. In particular, they serve as a pointer for the further development of
ideas.
How to do it?
1. Phrase the problem you are dealing with in a concise sentence on the whiteboard.
2. Each participant receives a sheet of paper with an empty table (3 columns with 6 rows each).
3. For the first line each participant writes down 3 ideas to solve the problem.
4. After 3 minutes, the sheets are passed clockwise to the next person.
5. Everyone now tries to develop the existing ideas and write down 3 new ideas.
6. Steps 4 and 5 are run five times until all lines are filled.
7. The group analyses, evaluates and discusses the results together.
8.
The 6-3-5 Method Worksheet
Participant Name : Reddy
High traffic Improper parking Avoiding safety measures
Creating multiples routes Creating places for Forcing people to

to destinations so that the parking vehicles like cars understand the
driver has different so that the person doesn't importance of safety
choices to go to a place. need to search for one. measures will driving

15
Controlling traffic by two Creating awareness for Showing examples and

sides at a time (opposite improper parking and the incidents on improper
or adjacent depending on problems caused by it safety measures so that
the rush) they can understand it.
The 6-3-5 Method Worksheet
Participant Name : T V Raju
Over speeding Drunken driving Improper roads
Controlling the intake of Proper maintenance of

Making boards which alcohol at the source roads.
display whether the itself
vehicle is over speeding or
going within the limit
Building speed breakers Limiting time of intake of Faster complaint taking

on road periodically so alcohol. of damaged roads
that vehicles tend to go
slow to avoid problems.

16
Dot Voting Method
Dotmocracy, also known as dot voting, is a method to evaluate ideas from the brainstorming phase
together in a group.The aim is that each team member has the same voting power when selecting the
best ideas and thus the most popular ideas in the team are determined democratically.
The method is suitable after the diverging idea generation phase. It is used when there is a large
pool of ideas that need to be narrowed down and selected. The entire team benefits from the fact that
ideas are evaluated as neutrally as possible, i.e. their own ideas are not preferred. Ask the participants to
be open to progressive ideas and not solely vote for what they already know.
How to do it?
1. Record the collected ideas visibly on a board or pinboard.

2. The moderator hands out 2 sticky points to all participants.
3. Ask the group members to distribute the stickers among their two favorite ideas.
4. After all the points have been distributed, the ideas will be sorted by the number of points.
5. Discuss the ideas with the most sticky points and develop them further.
6. Keep ideas with fewer points as a reserve and discard the ideas without points.
Dot Voting Report Sheet
Shortlisted Idea No. of

votes
Develop the right attitude about driving. 3

Get as much supervised practice driving as possible.
Show an indication on the dash board of the vehicles before starting
the vehicle.
Then the vehicle can prevent from accidents
Always wear your safety belt in a car. 2

Underage drinking and drug use is illegal.
Cell phones are for emergency use only on the road. 1

Drive safely.

17
Storyboarding/ Sketching
A storyboard/ sketch tells a sequence of events using images, drawings, flowcharts and collages. These
can be used to illustrate the user experience with a service or a product.
The storyboard/ sketching is intended to illustrate user experiences in their context in order to
provoke discussions about weaknesses and opportunities for improvement. Storyboards make it possible
to visualize the user's perspective and gain useful feedback. A storyboard is especially useful in the early
prototyping phase to present solutions in their context and to make them comprehensible for others.
How to do it?
Storyboarding :
1. Concretize the theme and message that you want to express through the story.
2. Define the actors of your story.
3. Write down the whole story in a script.
4. Divide the story into sections (scenes).
5. Choose a suitable graphic representation (drawing, photos).
6. Create a picture for each scene.
7. Limit yourself to 6 to 12 images.
8. Use the storyboard to tell your story efficiently and effectively.
[OR]
Sketching/ Flowcharts :
1. Concretize the theme and message that you want to express through the story.
2. Define the actors of your story.
3. Divide the story into sections (scenes).
4. Sketch your each section (scene) using rough or minimal illustrations/ drawings/ flow symbols
etc., by hand.
5. Write the instructions for executing the sketch (prototype) in detail

18
Storyboard/ Sketching Report Sheet
Story:
Scene Scene Description

#

19
Storyboard/ Sketch of a Scene/ Section
Section/ Scene Description:

20

21

22
User Tests
The aim of the classic user test is to let selected users test a previously created prototype and use the
findings for further development. In the course of user tests, the development team is able to identify
weaknesses and potentials of the prototype from the user's point of view. User tests should be carried
out several times with prototypes of different maturity levels. Do not tell the user how to use it, let them
freely use it in their practise.

23
How to do it?
1. Show the user the prototype without explaining it.

2. Only explain the context he needs in order to understand what he is doing.
3. Let the user tell what he is doing while testing the prototype (thinking out loud).
4. Watch the user's actions carefully but don't interfere.
5. Ask the user important questions such as "How do you feel about it?" or "Would you use this
feature and if so why or why not?

24
User Test Report Sheet
Context of Prototype
Participant Details:
Experience/ Review/ Results/ Feedback

25

26

27
Summary Report
Summarize your experience in solving your problem with design thinking in 500 words. List all kinds of
experiences, challenges, observations you have faced during the DT process.

28

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TO AVOID ROAD ACCIDENTS

Design Thinking Project Title Here . . .

Project Report for

Name: K.Vamsi krishna Name: K.Gopi Mukund

Department of electronics and communication Engineering

User Experience/ Journey Map(s) 16

The 6-3-5 Method 22

Dot Voting Method 27

Department of Electronics and communication Engineering, MVGR College of Engineering (Autonomous)

Department of Electronics and communication Engineering, MVGR College of Engineering (Autonomous)

1. Formulate the problem to be questioned in one sentence.

What type of roads do casualties occurs?

What are the major contributory factors to accidents?

What can be done to reduce the number of accidents

Why do older drivers have collisions?

Department of Electronics and communication Engineering, MVGR College of Engineering (Autonomous)

What is the main cause of road accidents?

User Type User Name User is a . . .

police REDDY He is a conistable in vizayanagaram.

AUTO T.V RAJ He is a auto driver in vizayanagaram.

AUTO Y.KRISHNA RAO He is a auto driver in vizayanagaram.

My Questions for them were . . .

1.What is the main reason for accidents?

Department of Electronics and communication Engineering, MVGR College of Engineering (Autonomous)

User Interview Report

User Name REDDY

About the User(in

User Interview Report

User Name T.V RAJ

About the User

User Interview Report

User Name Y.KRISHNA RAO

About the User He is a auto driver who lives in vizayanagaram.

Department of Electronics and communication Engineering, MVGR College of Engineering (Autonomous)

Reflect your interview observations in 500 words.

Department of Electronics and communication Engineering, MVGR College of Engineering (Autonomous)

1. Collect extensive data on target users.

Department of Electronics and communication Engineering, MVGR College of Engineering (Autonomous)

Department of Electronics and communication Engineering, MVGR College of Engineering (Autonomous)

User Persona Details

Name * REDDY Photo Here. . .

He comes from a small middle-class family and he is as a conistable.

Likes & Dislikes

He likes to travel and spend time with family.

Strength & Weakness :

His strengths are family and hard work.

Department of Electronics and communication Engineering, MVGR College of Engineering (Autonomous)

User Persona Details

Name * T v raju Photo Here. . .

He is an auto driver since 5 years.

Likes & Dislikes

Strength & Weakness :

Department of Electronics and communication Engineering, MVGR College of Engineering (Autonomous)

User Persona Details

Name * V krishna Photo Here. . .

Likes & Dislikes

Strength & Weakness :

Department of Electronics and communication Engineering, MVGR College of Engineering (Autonomous)

User Experience/ Journey Map(s)

Pre - Requisites: Types of users and their personas

How to build an experience map?

1. Review the user persona to understand the user story