M HASSAN GHAZALI

Lucky Core
Industries

MUHAMMAD HASSAN GHAZALI

MECHANICAL ENGINEER, UET LAHORE

Internship Report 2023

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Lucky Core Industries Internship Report

LCI Factory, LTD

Acknowledgment:

 Industrial training is an excellent opportunity for learning and self-development. I,

M. Hassan Ghazali, consider myself very lucky and honoured to have had so many
wonderful people lead me through the completion of this training.
 I am very thankful to Mr Uzair Ahmed, Maintenance Manager Soda Ash. Special
thanks to Mr. Farhan HOD Mining, and my father Engr. M. Kabir Deputy Chief
Inspectorate of Mines Punjab, Engr. Taswer Junior Inspector of Mines Jehlum, for
helping me in all aspects.
 Also, thanks to Hassan M. Sandhu HR Manager, Engr. Adil Jillani Line Manager,
Mr Tehseen Akber & Mr Naeem ul Hassan Mechanical Maintenance Officers, Mr
Azhar Mine Manager the whole HR & HSE department, and especially all SMs, and
Supervisors for being easy to approach and supporting me to understand and
complete the project work, and for giving me sufficient technical knowledge about
the industrial internship training program.

“An engineering internship is a chance to put your skills to

the test, learn from experienced professionals, and make
connections that will help you land your dream job.”

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Internship Letter:

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Contents
Lucky Core Industries Internship Report ........................................................................ 2
LCI Factory, LTD.......................................................................................................... 2
Internship Letter: ....................................................................................................... 3
About: ........................................................................................................................ 6
Abstract ..................................................................................................................... 6
1. Soda Ash Manufacturing process:...................................................................... 8
2. Health Safety & Environment: ........................................................................... 9
2.1. Types of permits: ......................................................................................... 9
2.2. Types of Certificates: ................................................................................... 9
2.3. Form ............................................................................................................ 9
2.4. Risk Assessment ........................................................................................ 10
2.5. Hierarchy of Control .................................................................................. 10
2.6. Fire: ........................................................................................................... 11
2.7. Lock Out Tag Out (LOTO): .......................................................................... 11
2.8. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): ....................................................... 12
2.9. Types of Isolation: ..................................................................................... 12
3. Centrifugal Pump: ............................................................................................ 13
3.1. Introduction to Centrifugal Pumps: ........................................................... 13
3.2. Common Defects in Centrifugal Pumps ..................................................... 13
3.3. Impeller Damage in Centrifugal Pumps: .................................................... 14
3.4. Seal Failure in Centrifugal Pumps .............................................................. 14
3.5. Components of a Centrifugal Pump ........................................................... 15
3.6. Introducing the KSB Pumps Type Etanorm 40-200 .................................... 16
3.7. Applications of the KSB Pumps Type Etanorm 40-200 ............................... 16
4. Screw Compressor: .......................................................................................... 17
4.1. Introduction to Compressors ..................................................................... 17

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4.2. Parts of a Compressor ............................................................................... 17

4.3. Types of compressor: ................................................................................ 18
4.4. Introduction to Screw Type Compressors .................................................. 19
4.5. Regular Maintenance Tasks for Screw Compressors: ................................. 19
5. Boiler: .............................................................................................................. 21
5.1. Introduction to Coal Fluidized Bed Boiler: ................................................. 21
5.2. What is a Coal Fluidized bed boiler? .......................................................... 21
5.3. Advantages of Coal Fluidized bed boilers .................................................. 22
5.4. Applications of Coal Fluidized bed boilers ................................................. 23
5.5. Challenges and solutions ........................................................................... 23
5.6. CFB in LCI ................................................................................................... 23
Sr# ........................................................................................................................ 24
Company .............................................................................................................. 24
Capacity ............................................................................................................... 24
6. Turbine: ........................................................................................................... 25
6.1. Introduction to Steam Turbines ................................................................. 25
6.2. The Rotor................................................................................................... 25
6.3. The Stator .................................................................................................. 26
6.4. The Blades ................................................................................................. 27
6.5. The Casing ................................................................................................. 27
6.6. Lube oil cooling system for turbine............................................................ 28
6.7. Turbines in LCI ........................................................................................... 28
7. Valves: ............................................................................................................. 29
8. Summary ......................................................................................................... 30
9. Gratitude for the Opportunity ......................................................................... 30
10. RECOMMENDATIONS ...................................................................................... 31
11. References:...................................................................................................... 32
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About:
LCI has consistently developed new and innovative areas of business since its formation
in December 1926, by the merger of four of the largest chemical companies in the UK.
LCI today is a collection of world-class businesses, many of them leaders in their sectors.
They are strongly led, technologically sophisticated with healthy and sustainable long-
term growth prospects.
Muhammad Ali Tabba, who is also the owner of the Lucky Group, acquired ICI in 2010.
In 2023, the company was renamed from Imperial Chemical Industries (ICI) to Lucky
Core Industries (LCI).
It’s current production is 5,74,000 Tons per annum and mission is to reach 10,00,000
Tons per annum

Abstract
The LCI Khewra Soda Ash Plant is renowned as the top-ranking and largest soda ash
industry not only in Pakistan but also across the world. This internship report presents a
comprehensive overview of my learning and experiences during my internship at LCI,
which took place from July to August 2023.

During my internship, I had the privilege to delve into various aspects of the industrial
processes at LCI, focusing on the Coal Fluidized Bed Boiler area. Here, I gained valuable
insights into the operations of boilers, steam turbines, screw compressors, centrifugal

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pumps, and the functioning of the RO water plant. Furthermore, I also acquired
knowledge about essential machinery like bearings, valves, impact hammer crushers,
double roller crushers, control flow silos, preheaters, kilns, coolers, vibro feeders, and
surface condensers. Additionally, I explored diverse material transportation methods
utilized between different machines in the plant.

Apart from technical knowledge, my internship also emphasized Health, Safety, and
Environment (HSE) practices, allowing me to appreciate the significance of safety
protocols in an industrial setting. This experience fostered a strong understanding of
how HSE measures are integrated into the operations of a large-scale industry like LCI.

One of the key skills I honed during my internship was my interviewing proficiency.
Through interactions with personnel at LCI, I gained valuable insights into conducting
effective interviews, which will undoubtedly be beneficial in my future career
endeavors.

Furthermore, as part of my internship, I was encouraged by the HR department to

expand my professional network using LinkedIn. Following their guidance, I managed to
make significant connections, starting with approximately 50+ connections on the first
day and growing to over 600+ connections by the end of my internship. This network
expansion allowed me to establish global connections in the industry, potentially
opening up opportunities for collaboration and growth.

The report presents a chronological account of my activities, providing a systematic and

organized representation of my experiences at LCI Khewra Soda Ash Plant. It covers a
wide range of topics related to the soda ash production process and operations within
the plant, offering a comprehensive understanding of the soda ash industry's
complexities.

Overall, my internship at LCI proved to be an invaluable learning experience, providing

me with practical exposure to industrial operations and HSE practices. It enhanced my
technical knowledge, networking skills, and interviewing capabilities, contributing
significantly to my professional growth and development.

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1. Soda Ash Manufacturing process:

Soda ash is a white, crystalline compound with the chemical formula Na2CO3. It is a
major industrial chemical, and is used in a wide variety of applications, including
glassmaking, soap making, and papermaking.

Soda ash is typically prepared with the help of the Solvay process. The Solvay process is
a chemical process that was developed in the 19th century by the Belgian chemist Ernest
Solvay. In the Solvay process, ammonia and carbon dioxide are passed into a saturated
solution of sodium chloride (table salt) that is kept at a relatively low temperature. This
triggers certain chemical reactions, resulting in the formation of sodium hydrogen
carbonate (NaHCO3).

The sodium hydrogen carbonate is then filtered, dried, and heated. This causes it to
decompose, forming sodium carbonate and water. The sodium carbonate is then
collected and purified.

The Solvay process is a relatively efficient process for producing soda ash. It is also a
relatively inexpensive process, as the raw materials (ammonia, carbon dioxide, and
sodium chloride) are relatively abundant and inexpensive.
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However, the Solvay process does have some environmental impacts. The production of
ammonia releases nitrogen oxides into the atmosphere, which can contribute to smog
and acid rain. The production of carbon dioxide also releases greenhouse gases into the
atmosphere, which contribute to climate change.

There are a number of alternative processes for producing soda ash, but the Solvay
process is still the most widely used process. This is because the Solvay process is
relatively efficient and inexpensive. However, there is increasing pressure to develop
more environmentally friendly processes for producing soda ash.

2. Health Safety & Environment:

2.1. Types of permits:

1. Work Permit
2. Hot Work Permit
3. Vessel Entry Permit

2.2. Types of Certificates:

1. Scaffolding Certificate
2. Excavation Certificate

2.3. Form

1. Temporary Lifting Form

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2.4. Risk Assessment

1. Identify hazards.
2. Assess the risks.
3. Control the risks.
4. Record your findings.
5. Review the controls.

2.5. Hierarchy of Control

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2.6. Fire:

2.7. Lock Out Tag Out (LOTO):

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2.8. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):

2.9. Types of Isolation:

1. Electrical
2. Process
3. Mechanical

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3. Centrifugal Pump:
3.1. Introduction to Centrifugal Pumps:
1. Centrifugal pumps are an essential part of various industries, from water
treatment to oil and gas. These pumps use centrifugal force to move Fluid through
a system, making them efficient and reliable.
2. In this presentation, we will explore the working of centrifugal pumps, common
defects that can affect their performance, and solutions to prevent these defects.
By the end of this presentation, you will have a better understanding of the
importance of centrifugal pumps in various industries.

3.2. Common Defects in Centrifugal Pumps

Centrifugal pumps are widely used in various industries for their ability to move Fluids
quickly and efficiently. However, like any other mechanical device, they are prone to
defects that can affect their performance.
The most common defects in centrifugal pumps include cavitation, impeller damage,
and seal failure. Cavitation occurs when the pressure inside the pump drops below the
vapor pressure of the Fluid, causing bubbles to form and implode, leading to erosion and
noise. Impeller damage can be caused by corrosion, erosion, or imbalance, resulting in
reduced efficiency and flow rate. Seal failure can be due to wear and tear, overheating,
or poor installation, leading to leaks and loss of performance.

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3.3. Impeller Damage in Centrifugal Pumps:

1. Impeller damage is a common problem in centrifugal pumps that can lead to
reduced efficiency and increased maintenance costs. Corrosion, erosion, and
imbalance are the main causes of impeller damage. Corrosion occurs when the
impeller comes into contact with corrosive Fluid or gases, while erosion is caused
by the impact of solid particles on the impeller surface. Imbalance can occur due
to manufacturing defects or wear and tear over time.

2. To prevent impeller damage, it is important to use corrosion-resistant materials

for the impeller construction. This includes materials such as stainless steel,
titanium, or ceramic. Balancing the impeller is also crucial to prevent damage from
vibration and ensure smooth operation. Regular inspection and maintenance can
help detect any signs of impeller damage early on and prevent further damage.

3.4. Seal Failure in Centrifugal Pumps

1. Seal failure is one of the most common defects in centrifugal pumps, caused by
wear and tear, overheating, and poor installation. Overheating can cause the seal
to expand and lose its sealing capability, while poor installation can lead to
misalignment and excessive vibration.

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2. To prevent seal failure, it is important to use high-quality seals that are designed
for the specific application. Proper installation and maintenance are also crucial,
including checking the seal faces for any signs of damage or wear, ensuring proper
lubrication, and monitoring the temperature and pressure of the seal.

3.5. Components of a Centrifugal Pump

1. Bearing Pedestal
2. Discharge Plate and Casing
3. Coupling, Gland Pusher
4. Lock, and Spacer
5. Impeller, Sleeve
6. Shaft, and Teflon Seal

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3.6. Introducing the KSB Pumps Type Etanorm 40-200

1. Type: Etanorm 40-200
2. Capacity: 34 m³/h
3. Head: H 50 or 5 m
4. Rated speed: 2900 rpm
5. Rated power: 15 hp
6. Casing material: Cast iron
7. Impeller material: Cast iron
8. Bearings: Ball bearings
9. Shaft seal: Mechanical seal

3.7. Applications of the KSB Pumps Type Etanorm 40-200

1. The KSB Pumps Type Etanorm 40-200 is a highly versatile and durable pump that
can be used in a variety of applications.
2. One of the most common uses for this pump is water pumping, as it is capable of
handling large volumes of water with ease. In addition, it is also well-suited for
chemical processing, food processing, oil and gas production, and HVAC systems.
3. What sets the KSB Pumps Type Etanorm 40-200 apart from other pumps on the
market is its reliability and efficiency. It is designed to operate smoothly and
efficiently, even in harsh environments and under heavy loads.

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4. Screw Compressor:
4.1. Introduction to Compressors
Compressors are an essential component in many industries, from manufacturing to
healthcare. In fact, the global compressor market is expected to reach $45.6 billion by
2025.
These machines work by compressing gas or air to increase its pressure and decrease its
volume. This process is critical for a variety of applications, including refrigeration, air
conditioning, and power generation.

4.2. Parts of a Compressor

1. A compressor consists of several important parts that work together to compress
gas or air. The motor is responsible for powering the compressor, while the
compressor pump compresses the gas or air and pumps it into a storage tank. The
pressure switch ensures that the compressor stops when the desired pressure is
reached and starts again when the pressure drops below a certain level.

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2. The motor of a compressor can be electric or gas-powered, depending on the type

of compressor. The compressor pump can either be a reciprocating pump or a
rotary screw pump. Reciprocating pumps use pistons to compress gas or air, while
rotary screw pumps use two interlocking screws to compress the gas or air. Both
types of pumps have their advantages and disadvantages, depending on the
specific application.

4.3. Types of compressor:

There are two main types of compressors: positive displacement compressors and
dynamic compressors.
Positive displacement compressors work by trapping a fixed amount of air in a chamber
and then compressing it with a piston or screw. Reciprocating compressors and rotary
screw compressors are examples of positive displacement compressors. These types of
compressors are commonly used in applications where a high level of compression is
required, such as in refrigeration units and pneumatic tools.

Dynamic compressors work by imparting velocity to the air and then converting this
velocity into pressure. Centrifugal compressors and axial compressors are examples of
dynamic compressors. These types of compressors are commonly used in applications
where a large volume of air needs to be compressed, such as in air conditioning systems.

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4.4. Introduction to Screw Type Compressors

1. Welcome to the world of screw type compressors, where efficiency and reliability
meet. Screw type compressors are used in a variety of industrial applications, from
manufacturing to healthcare, and play a vital role in keeping these industries
running smoothly.
2. Unlike other types of compressors, screw type compressors operate continuously,
providing a steady stream of compressed air without interruptions. This makes
them ideal for applications that require a constant supply of compressed air, such
as assembly lines or medical equipment. Additionally, screw type compressors are
known for their high efficiency and low maintenance requirements, making them
a cost-effective choice for businesses looking to save on energy and upkeep costs.

4.5. Regular Maintenance Tasks for Screw Compressors:

1. Screw compressors are essential components in many industries, but they require
regular maintenance to operate smoothly and efficiently. Neglecting maintenance
tasks can lead to costly breakdowns and downtime, which is why it's important to
follow the manufacturer's recommended maintenance schedule.

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2. One of the most critical maintenance tasks for screw compressors is changing the
oil. Screw compressors typically require an oil, oil filter, separator, air filter every
6,000 hours of operation, it has around 60 liters of oil. Changing the oil regularly
helps to ensure that the compressor continues to function properly and reduces
the risk of damage to its internal components.

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5. Boiler:
5.1. Introduction to Coal Fluidized Bed Boiler:
Coal Fluidized bed boilers may not be the most glamorous topic, but they are essential
to our modern way of life. These boilers are used in power plants, industrial processes,
and waste management, making them an integral part of our infrastructure.
But why should you care about coal Fluidized bed boilers? For starters, they are more
efficient than traditional boilers, meaning they use less fuel and produce fewer
emissions. This is good news for both the environment and your wallet. Additionally,
these boilers are versatile and can be used in a variety of applications, from generating
electricity to disposing of waste. In short, coal Fluidized bed boilers are a critical
technology that we rely on every day.

5.2. What is a Coal Fluidized bed boiler?

A Coal Fluidized bed boiler is a type of boiler that utilizes a process called Fluidization to
create a suspended bed of particles, typically consisting of crushed coal or ash, in which
combustion takes place. The Fluidized bed creates a turbulent mixing of the fuel and air,
resulting in efficient combustion with low emissions.

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The process of Fluidization involves blowing air through a bed of particles at a high
velocity, causing the particles to become suspended and behave like a Fluidized. This
allows for better heat transfer and more complete combustion, as the fuel is evenly
distributed throughout the bed. Coal Fluidized bed boilers are often used in power
generation due to their ability to burn a wide range of fuels, including low-grade coals
and biomass.

5.3. Advantages of Coal Fluidized bed boilers

Coal Fluidized bed boilers offer several advantages over traditional boilers. First, they
are more efficient in burning coal, resulting in lower fuel costs. Second, they produce
fewer emissions, making them a more environmentally friendly option. Third, they can
burn a wide range of fuels, including low-quality coal and biomass, making them a
versatile choice for many industries.
In addition to these benefits, coal Fluidized bed boilers also have a smaller footprint than
traditional boilers, saving space and reducing installation costs. They also have a shorter
start-up time and require less maintenance, leading to increased uptime and
productivity. Overall, coal Fluidized bed boilers are a reliable and cost-effective solution
for many industries.

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5.4. Applications of Coal Fluidized bed boilers

Coal Fluidized bed boilers have a wide range of applications across various industries.
One of the most significant applications is in power generation. These boilers are used
to generate electricity by burning coal, which produces steam that drives turbines. The
use of coal Fluidized bed boilers for power generation is becoming increasingly popular
due to their efficiency and environmental benefits. They produce fewer emissions than
traditional boilers, making them an excellent choice for companies looking to reduce
their carbon footprint.
Another essential application of coal Fluidized bed boilers is in industrial processes.
These boilers are used to heat and cool materials in various manufacturing processes,
such as chemical production, food processing, and metalworking. They offer precise
temperature control and can handle a wide range of materials, making them an ideal
choice for many industrial processes.
Finally, coal Fluidized bed boilers are also used in waste management. They can burn
various types of waste, including municipal solid waste, medical waste, and biomass.
This ability to burn waste makes them a valuable tool in reducing landfill waste and
generating energy from otherwise unusable materials.

5.5. Challenges and solutions

One of the main challenges of using coal Fluidized bed boilers is the potential for
agglomeration, which occurs when particles stick together and form large clumps. This
can lead to reduced efficiency and even shutdowns. However, there are several
solutions that have been developed to address this issue. One solution is to use additives
that prevent agglomeration, such as limestone or dolomite. Another solution is to design
the boiler with features that promote Fluidization and prevent particle buildup.
Another challenge of coal Fluidized bed boilers is the production of emissions,
particularly sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides. These pollutants can contribute to air
pollution and have negative impacts on human health and the environment. To address
this issue, coal Fluidized bed boilers can be equipped with flue gas desulfurization
systems and selective catalytic reduction systems, which reduce the amount of
emissions released into the atmosphere.

5.6. CFB in LCI

In LCI at my area of internship there are 5 boilers:
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Sr# Company Capacity

CFB 1 Jinan China 45 Ton
CFB 2 Jinan China 45 Ton
CFB 3 Wuxi China 80 Ton
CFB 4 Wuxi China 80 Ton
CFB 5 Wuxi China 80 Ton

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6. Turbine:
6.1. Introduction to Steam Turbines
Steam turbines are a marvel of engineering, capable of harnessing the power of steam
to generate electricity on a massive scale. These machines have been instrumental in
powering our modern world, from factories to power plants and beyond.
At their core, steam turbines work by converting the energy of high-pressure steam into
rotational motion, which is then used to turn a generator and produce electricity. This
process is incredibly efficient, making steam turbines one of the most reliable and cost-
effective methods of power generation available today.

6.2. The Rotor

The rotor is the heart of a steam turbine. It is a complex component consisting of
multiple stages, each with its own set of blades. The rotor rotates at high speeds,
typically between 3,000 and 15,000 revolutions per minute (RPM), depending on the
size and type of turbine. The construction of the rotor is critical to its performance, as
even small imbalances can cause significant vibration and damage to the turbine.
The function of the rotor is to convert the kinetic energy of the steam into mechanical
energy that can be used to generate electricity. As the steam passes through the blades,
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it causes the rotor to spin, which in turn drives the generator. The importance of the
rotor cannot be overstated, as it is the primary component responsible for generating
power in a steam turbine.

6.3. The Stator

The stator is a stationary component of the steam turbine that surrounds the rotor. Its
main function is to convert the kinetic energy of the moving steam into electrical energy.
The stator consists of a series of coils made of copper or aluminum, which are wound
around an iron core. When the steam passes through the blades of the rotor, it causes
the rotor to spin, and this rotation induces a current in the coils of the stator. This current
is then transmitted to the power grid, where it can be used to power homes and
businesses.

The construction of the stator is crucial to its performance. The coils must be tightly
wound and insulated to prevent any loss of energy due to heat or electrical resistance.
The iron core must also be carefully designed to ensure that the magnetic field produced

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by the coils is strong enough to induce a current in the stator. Overall, the stator is an
essential component of the steam turbine, and without it, the conversion of steam
energy into electrical energy would not be possible.

6.4. The Blades

The blades in a steam turbine are essential components that convert the thermal energy
of steam into mechanical energy. There are two types of blades used in steam turbines
- impulse and reaction blades.

Impulse blades are designed to direct the flow of steam onto a set of stationary blades,
called nozzles. The high-velocity steam then strikes the rotor blades, causing them to
rotate. Reaction blades, on the other hand, are curved and use the pressure of the steam
to generate rotational force. They work by redirecting the steam as it flows through the
turbine, creating a reactive force that rotates the blades.

6.5. The Casing

The casing is an essential part of a steam turbine, as it serves to protect the internal
components from external factors such as moisture, dust, and other contaminants. It is
typically made of steel or cast iron, and its design is critical to the overall performance
of the turbine.

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The casing also helps to direct the flow of steam through the turbine, which is important
for efficient power generation. Without the casing, the steam would escape in all
directions, reducing the efficiency of the turbine. The casing is designed with inlet and
outlet ports that allow steam to enter and exit the turbine, and it is also equipped with
insulation to prevent heat loss.

6.6. Lube oil cooling system for turbine

The lube oil cooling system is a crucial component of any steam turbine, as it helps to
regulate the temperature of the lubricating oil that is used to keep the turbine running
smoothly. This system typically consists of a series of heat exchangers and pumps that
work together to maintain the optimal temperature for the oil.

If the lube oil becomes too hot, it can break down and lose its ability to lubricate the
moving parts of the turbine. On the other hand, if the oil is too cold, it can become too
viscous and cause excessive wear on the components. Therefore, it is important to
carefully monitor and control the temperature of the lube oil at all times.

6.7. Turbines in LCI

Sr# Company Power
TG 5 Hangzhou Turbine China 3
TG 6 Hangzhou Turbine China 18
TG 7 Hangzhou Turbine China 8
DG 1 Googol Power 1.5
DG 2 Googol Power 1.5

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7. Valves:

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8. Summary
I have completed my internship report on steam turbines, centrifugal pumps, screw
compressors, boilers, and coal Fluidized bed boilers. In this report, I have provided a
comprehensive overview of these machines, discussing their history, applications,
working principles, components, and maintenance requirements. I have also made
individual projects on Centrifugal Pump & Screw Compressor.

I am confident that this report is a valuable resource for anyone who is interested in
learning more about these machines. I have made sure that the report is well-organized
and easy to read, and I have used clear and concise language to explain complex
technical concepts. I have also included images to help illustrate my points.

I am proud of the work that I have done on this report, and I believe that it is a valuable
contribution to the field of engineering. I am grateful for the opportunity to have
completed this internship, and I am excited to continue learning and growing in my
career.

9. Gratitude for the Opportunity

I would like to express my sincere gratitude for the opportunity to have interned at LCI
Khewra Soda Ash Plant. I have learned a great deal during my time here, and I am
grateful for the opportunity to have worked with such a talented and dedicated team.

I would especially like to thank the people who work at the very lowest levels of the
plant. These are the people who keep the plant running day in and day out, and they
often go unnoticed. I am grateful for their hard work and dedication, and I am proud to
have been a part of their team. Especially I really would like to mention Mr Bilal, Asad
Raza, Atif Malik, Noman Safdar, Mr Noman, Malik Arshad, Mir Hassan, Malik Shani & all
others you have special place in my heart.

I am confident that the skills and knowledge that I have gained during my internship will
be invaluable in my future career. I am excited to continue learning and growing, and I
look forward to using my skills to make a positive impact on the world.
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10. RECOMMENDATIONS
Following recommendations are based on my observation during my internship at LCI
and some have been given during formal and informal interview with the people.

 Although LCI is offering a lot of incentives to its employees in case of salary and
benefits. However there is a clear different in facilities of permanent and contract
employees. For example in department I worked, Maintenance team was on
contract basis and there was more burden of work on them while they were
getting only the basis salary. Facilities like medical allowance, Pension, Gratuity,
Provident Fund is not for the contract employees. This creates a lot of
dissatisfaction among the employees.
 I have observed that there is also a lack of engineers in the area assigned to me.
There should at least be 3 engineers under the line manager to manage the plant.

Last of all I must THANK LCI once again for providing me the golden opportunity of
spending 6 weeks in such a wonderful place where most people can only dream of. It
was an experience of life time. I got the chance of sitting among the ideal sort of people,
professionals whose names are engraved as pioneers and geniuses of the field. I learned
about meeting and dealing with people. I must say that the integration of this internship
program will definitely a significant improvement in my future professional life.

I hope that our paths will cross again in the future. I would be honored to have the
opportunity to work for LCI Khewra Soda Ash Plant again, and I am confident that I can
make a valuable contribution to your team.

I end my report here by again thanking Allah Almighty who gave the ability to complete
this tedious task and all other people who have helped me in this task

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M HASSAN GHAZALI

11. References:
1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YMFe7saE-_E
2. https://tome.app/uet-a9e/pump-it-up-mastering-the-centrifugal-pump-and-
overcoming-defects-clk5i6ne9043noc3bij3jajhe
3. https://bard.google.com/
4. https://zepp.solutions/en/technology/
5. https://www.google.com/search?client=ms-android-
google&sxsrf=AB5stBiNERs8atSz6fkq_sBfdpVDyxELqg:1689535819350&q=centri
fugal+pump&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj8xeOy-
5OAAxWRzQIHHVsHCk4Q0pQJegQICBAB&biw=329&bih=580&dpr=4.37
6. https://dokumen.tips/documents/internship-report-
558453ab13ceb.html?page=73
7. https://www.google.com/search?sxsrf=AB5stBjdmk56px1Wu2y16ODXgsKEIPe9
Ug:1691071767976&q=valves&tbm=isch&source=lnms&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiW
55Og1cCAAxVXTaQEHYEYAz0Q0pQJegQIDRAB&biw=1366&bih=617&dpr=1#img
rc=MuKqozUBFS65bM
8. https://www.wikipedia.org/

9. 10.

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