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مذكرة شرح فى Science العلوم للصف الخامس الابتدائى الترم الثانى-الامتحان التعليمى
مذكرة شرح فى Science العلوم للصف الخامس الابتدائى الترم الثانى-الامتحان التعليمى
Primary 5
Second Term
Name: ---------------------------------------------------------
Class: ----------------------------------------------------------
Content
Unit Lesson Topic page
Unit One: 1. Friction 3
Friction 2. Friction Application 12
1. Soil components 40
Unit Three:
2. Types and properties of Soil 46
The Soil
3. Soil pollution 51
1
Unit One
Friction Force
2
Lesson One
Friction
The Friction force:
The force that exists between two surfaces and affects the
movement in the opposite direction.
Friction
Movement
Conclusion:
The effect of the friction force is in the
opposite direction to the direction of
movement
Note:
The friction between the bicycle tires and the ground
3
Activity (2): The Friction and roughness of surface:
What happens when you roll a small ball on rough surface (sand)
and smooth surface (ceramic)?
Observation:
The ball travels for longer
distance on the class room
floor (smooth surface)
Conclusion:
1. The friction force depends on the type of the material
2. The friction increase with increasing the roughness
Conclusion:
The inclination
decrease the friction
Note:
The direction of the friction force is upwards and the direction of the
movement is downwards
4
Activity (4): The Friction and surface area:
What happens when we increase surface area (larger object)?
Observation:
The crushed paper falls faster than the flat paper
Conclusion:
Increasing surface
area increase the
friction
Important Notes:
Difference between Moving Object and Stopping object
When the object stops
The friction force is more than the movement force
5
The factors affecting friction force:
1- Surface roughness.
(When roughness increase, friction increase)
[Direct Relation]
- Smooth surface has less friction
- Rough surface has more friction
6
Disadvantages of Friction:
The friction damage the internal parts of machines. (Give Reason)
Because the friction raise the temperature of internal parts and
damage it
1. Lubricants:
Substance form a thin layer between the internal parts of machine
to separate them
Grease Oil
2. Ball bearings:
Small metallic balls with smooth surface
between the surfaces of the internal moving
parts of the machine
Give Reason:
Lubricants are put in the internal parts of machines
To decrease the friction force between the internal
7
Life application on the friction force:
Rubber Tires.
Some accidents happens on the road when it is
raining ….
What do you think the reason is?
8
Exercises on lesson one
5. Ball bearing decrease the Friction force because they have ----
a) Large surface b) Small surface
c) Smooth surface d) Rough surface
6. The grooves and narrow channels of the car tires squeeze the
water out to ------------- the friction force
a) decrease b) increase
c) keep d) no effect
9
B. Complete the following statements:
1. The force that slows down the objects motion is called ------------
2. The direction of the friction force is always ---------------------- the
force that causes the movement.
3. We can use ---------------------- or ---------------------- to decrease the
friction force between the internal moving parts of machines.
4. Increasing the inclination of a surface ---------------------- friction
5. When the object moves in a constant speed, then the friction force
----------------------- the movement force
6. ---------------------------- is used to decrease the effect of friction
force between the internal moving parts of machines
7. The friction force has an effect in the opposite direction of
------------------------------------
8. ------------------------------ increases by increasing the surface area of
moving object
9. The value of ------------------------- between two surfaces depends on
the type of material of both surfaces
10. The grooves and narrow channels in the car tires ---------------------
the water to increase --------------------- and control the car motion
10
D. Give Reason:
1. The bike slows down when you stop pedaling.
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2. The sliding on a smooth surface is easier than on a rough surface.
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3. Lubricants are used in the internal moving parts of machines.
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4. Friction between internal parts of machines damage it.
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5. Ball bearing is used to decrease the friction force of internal parts
of machines.
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6. The car tires should be replaced from time to time
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11
Lesson two
Friction Applications and Technology
The friction force is not only between solids, but also in air and water.
Types of friction
1. Friction between two solid objects [we studied in lesson 1]
2. Friction between a solid object and air [Air resistance]
3. Friction between a solid object and water [Water resistance]
- Air resistance
The friction force by solid object moving through air
12
Life application:
1. Birds - Trains - Cars - Rockets and planes must be designed in
streamline shape (Give Reason)
To decrease the air resistance
13
Friction between solid object and water [water Resistance]
- Water resistance
The friction force by solid object moving through water
Life application:
Dolphins – Fish – Ships - Boats and Submarines must be designed in
streamline shape (Give Reason)
To decrease the water resistance
14
Exercise on lesson Two
Q1: Choose the correct answer:
1. The resistance which affects a body moving in the air is called ------
resistance.
a) Water b) Air
c) Sand d) has no effect
3. A car moves properly, due to the friction of the tire with the -------
a) Car body b) Ground
c) Air d) Water
7. The drivers keep the speed in certain limit to ------------- the fuel
consumption
a) increase b) stop
c) decrease d) double
15
Q2: Complete the following statements:
1. The friction force between the object and the water is called
-----------------------------------
2. Trains and planes are designed in ------------------------------ shapes
to ---------------------- the friction force.
3. As the area of the surface exposed to air is large, the friction force
is ----------------------------
4. When the effect of air resistance equals the force that moves the
car, the car moves at ----------------------- speed.
5. When an object moves so fast in water, the friction force between-
-------------------------- and object -------------------------
6. The friction force between air and the object that moves through
is called ----------------------------------
16
Q4: What happens if?
4. There is no friction force between your shoes and the ground.
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5. Car drivers increase the speed of their cars.
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6. The parachutist doesn’t open the parachute on landing.
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3. When the friction force between the air and a car is equal to the
movement force , the car moves at a constant velocity [ ]
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4. The relationship between the surface area of object and the air
resistance of its movement is an inverse relationship [ ]
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17
Unit Two
18
Lesson One
The Human Circulatory System
Circulatory System:
It is the system which carries the digested food, oxygen to all body
cells and carries Carbon dioxide, wastes away from body cells
The circulatory system consists of: heart, blood vessels and blood.
1. The heart:
It's a muscular hollow organ, about your fist in size.
It's located within the chest cavity between the lungs. It is made
of a strong tissue called cardiac muscle.
The function: Heart beats pump the blood to all body parts.
19
Structure of the Heart:
Left Atrium
Right Atrium
Valve
Valve
Left Ventricle
There are two sides, right side & left side which are separated by
a muscular wall called Septum
It is composed of four chambers which are always full of blood
and connected with blood vessels.
- The upper chambers are called atriums
- The lower chambers are called ventricles
- The atrium receive blood while the ventricle pump blood.
20
2. The blood vessels:
They are long tubes connected to the heart where the blood
flows
Arteries Veins
They have thick walls. They have thin walls.
They emerge (come out) from They begin at the body cells and
the two ventricles open in two atria
They carry the blood from the They carry the blood from the
heart to all body parts. body to the heart.
Example: Aorta Example: Vena cava
Pulmonary artery Pulmonary veins
They are connected to Ventricle They are connected to atrium
All Arteries carry blood rich in All veins carry blood rich in
oxygen except Pulmonary artery carbon dioxide except Pulmonary
Veins
Blood capillaries
A network of tiny blood vessels with very thin walls around the cells
which connect arteries to veins
Give Reason:
Blood capillaries have thin walls
To allow exchange of food, wastes
and gases
21
3. The blood:
It is a red liquid that carry all substances around the body cells
The function of the blood:
1) It transfer materials to the body cells
2) It keeps the temperature of the body
3) It fights microbes
They are red cells They are white They are It's a yellow
without nuclei cells of different small sized watery fluid
forms fragments
22
Give reasons for
Blood platelets are very important
Because they help in healing wounds by forming blood clot
The blood is a liquid
Because of plasma which is a watery fluid
When the wound is exposed to the air it forms blood clot to stop
bleeding and help in healing wounds.
Blood circulation:
It is the path of blood throughout the body
23
The Pathway of Blood:
3) The right
5) The blood
ventricle pumps
flows to left
the blood to
ventricle
lungs through
through
pulmonary
valve.
artery to
exchange O2
with CO2.
6) The left
ventricle
2) The blood flows
pumps the
to right
blood to
ventricle
Aorta.
through valve.
24
Blood vessels connected to the heart:
Blood Vessel Carry the blood
From To
1. Vena cava Body cells Right atrium
(deoxygenated blood)
2. Pulmonary artery Right ventricle Lungs
(deoxygenated blood)
3. pulmonary veins Left atrium Left ventricle
(oxygenated blood)
4. Aorta Left ventricle Body cells
(oxygenated blood)
25
Activity (2): To prove that heartbeats increase with exercising:
26
Exercise on lesson One
Q1: Choose the correct answer:
1. The -------------------- carry oxygenated blood.
a) Left atrium b) Right ventricle
c) Right atrium d) Left ventricle
5. Blood vessel which carry blood from the heart are the -------------
a) Artery b) blood capillaries
c) vein d) Skin
27
Q2: Write the scientific term:
1. The system responsible for transferring the food particles,
wastes, oxygen and carbon dioxide through the body
[ ---------------------- ]
2. A muscular organ, about the size of the fist and located in the
chest cavity [ ---------------------- ]
3. The two lower chambers of the heart [ ---------------------- ]
4. The two upper chambers of the heart [ ---------------------- ]
5. The vessels that carries blood from the heart. [ ---------------------- ]
6. The vessels transport blood to the heart. [ ---------------------- ]
7. The artery that carries blood rich in carbon dioxide
[ ---------------------- ]
8. The vein that carries blood rich in oxygen [ ---------------------- ]
9. The network of pipelines that extend all over the body cells
[ ---------------------- ]
10. The cells in the blood that attack microbes. [ ---------------------- ]
11. A yellow fluid in which the blood cells floats and keeps the body
temperature constant. [ ---------------------- ]
12. They help in healing the wounds. [ ---------------------- ]
13. The flowing of blood between the heart and the lungs
[ ----------------------- ]
14. The blood circulation between the heart and all body parts
[ ----------------------- ]
15. The number of heart beats in one minute [ ----------------------- ]
28
Q3: Complete the following:
1. Heart is located in the ----------------------------- between the 2 lungs
2. Heart beats cause ------------------------- to all body parts
3. Hearts consists of 4 chambers filled with ------------------------- and
connected with -------------------------
4. Blood flows inside pipelines called ------------------------------
5. Blood vessels that emerge from the heart are called ------------------
6. The ---------------- blood cells carry the oxygen and carbon dioxide
7. --------------------------- keeps the body temperature constant
8. Blood platelets form ------------------- which help in healing wound
9. Left ventricle pushes the blood into the ----------------------------------
10. The ------------------------- atrium receives the blood from all body
parts except the lungs
11. The deoxygenated blood coming from the body cells enters the
----------------------- through the -------------------------- veins.
12. The left atrium of the heart receives the oxygenated blood
through the ------------------------- vein
13. The left ventricle pushes the blood through the ----------------------,
then the blood travels to all body cells where it delivers Oxygen
29
3. Blood flows in one direction only inside the heart
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4. Blood capillaries have thin wall
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5. Blood platelets coagulates the blood (clotting) on wounding
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6. The walls of the arteries are thick
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7. It is necessary to keep exercising
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8. We must avoid Smoking and smokers
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7. It is important to avoid exposure to infection and accidents
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30
Q6: Write the name the labels:
1. ------------------------------------------
2. ------------------------------------------
3. ------------------------------------------
4. ------------------------------------------
5. ------------------------------------------
6. ------------------------------------------
31
Lesson Two
The Excretion and Human urinary System
What happens after we eat the food?
a) The digested food move all body cells to burn it and get
energy beside some wastes known as execratory materials
b) The indigested food is stored in the large intestine till it
passes out the body and known as solid waste
Expelled by Expelled by
Anus Excretory organs
Give reasons:
Solid wastes are not excretory materials
Because it is the indigested food stored in large intestine
32
Excretion:
The process of getting rid of wastes produced by the breaking down of
food in the cells
The Excretory
Organs
Excretory materials
They are materials produced from burning food in body cells.
33
The Urinary system
Urinary system is located in the abdominal cavity
Function: filter the blood from Nitrogenous wastes
Aorta artery:
Vena cava Vein:
Carries clean Carries blood
blood to the rich in wastes
heart to Kidneys
The two ureters - Tubes extend from Carry urine from the
kidneys kidneys to bladder.
The urinary bladder - Balloon like muscular It stores the urine till
sac. it goes out of the
body
Urethra - Tube extend from the Allow the urine to
urinary bladder get out the body
34
The Skin
The skin expel the excess salt and water in the form of urine
Sweat glands:
Special organs in the skin gets rid of excess salts and water in
the form of Sweat
Give Reason
We urinates less in summer than in winter.
Because the sweat increases in summer
35
Exercise on lesson two
5. the vena cava vein that leaves the kidney carry -------------------
a) pure blood b) rich in urea
c) blood rich in wastes d) excess salt
6. The blood that carry harmful wastes enters the kidneys through
the -------------------
a) Vena cava vein b) Pulmonary artery
c) Pulmonary vein d) Aorta artery
7. The sweat gets out the body through ---------------- in the skin
a) Pores b) salivary gland
c) Sweat glands d) Hair follicle
36
Q2: Complete the following:
1. The main organs of the urinary system are the ------------------------
2. The kidney excretes the wastes dissolved in water in the form of -
-------------------------
3. Human body get rids of the urine through the ---------------------
and gets ride of the ---------------------- through sweat glands.
4. The -------------------------- carry the urine from the kidneys to the
-------------------------- which is a muscular bag
5. Urine consists of ----------------, ------------------ and excess salt
dissolved in water
6. Blood containing waste materials enters the kidneys through
-------------------------- and leaves it through -------------------------
that carry pure blood to the heart.
37
2. If the two kidneys are damaged, the person will die.
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38
Unit Three
The Soil
39
Lesson One
The Soil
Soil:
A thin non-compacted upper layer covers the earth's crus
40
Give Reason
There many different types of soil, differ in texture and color
Because they differ in minerals and rock types and dead remains.
41
Soil layers and composition
The soil composed of more than one layer, each layer has its own
properties and structure
Rocky layer
Soil Layers
Top soil layers 1. Clay
2. Sand and gravels
3. Humus
4. Roots of plants
5. Leaves of plants
6. Insects: Earthworms, ants, spiders
7. Small pieces of rocks
42
Soil and living organisms:
1. Animals such as earth worms and spiders dig tunnels in the soil
to make their homes.
- The tunnels are important for the soil. (Give Reason) allow
air, water and nutrients to pass easily through the soil.
2. Animals’ dead bodies also add nutrients to the soil (Humus).
3. Plant leaves and other parts fall to the soil, they decay and form
humus.
4. The top soil layers contain roots, animals and humus.
5. Rocky layers don’t have much humus but rock masses
6. Roots of plants are important to the soil ….. (G.R) because:
a. They hold the plant in the soil.
b. They protect the soil from erosion quickly.
c. Roots of some plants add nutrients to the soil.
43
Exercise on Lesson One
Q1: Choose the correct answer:
1. The soil is produced by breaking down the ----------------------
a) Sand b) rocks c) clay
44
Q3: Write the scientific term:
1. A thin non-compacted layer covers the earth's crust
[ ------------------------------- ]
2. It's the dark upper layer component of the soil.
[ ------------------------------- ]
3. The source of the Egyptian soil [ ------------------------------- ]
45
Lesson Two
Types and properties of soil
There are Three Types of soil:
1) Clay soil
It is composed mainly of clay and silt particles and
small amount of sand particles and humus
- Fine particles
- Dark color
2) Sand soil
It is composed mainly of sand particles, a small
amount of clay and silt particles and rarely
contains humus
- Large particles
- Yellow color
3) Silt soil
It is composed of a mixture of gravel sand, clay,
silt and more humus
- Large and Fine particles
- Brown color
46
Activity (2): To illustrate aeration and water absorption:
What happens to water level in the 3 tubes?
Observation:
- The water rises in sand to higher
level than silt than clay
Conclusion:
- The water absorption and aeration
depends on the presence of air
between the soil particles
47
Comparing the properties of different types of soil:
Properties Sand soil Clay soil Silt soil
Composition Sand and Clay and silt Clay, gravel, sand,
gravels silt and Humus
Fertility Less Fertile Fertile High fertility
48
Exercise on lesson Two
Q1: Choose the correct answer:
1. The particles size of clay soil is -------------------------
a) tiny b) medium c) large
3. The sand soil ------------------- water more than other types of soil.
a) Drains b) Holds c) Retains
49
Q2: Give Reason:
1. Silt is the most suitable soil for cultivation.
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Q3: put ( x ) or ( √ ):
1. Wheat plant grows in sand soil [ ]
2. The spaces between the particles of clay soil are large [ ]
3. Cactus plants are seen in sand soil [ ]
4. Silt soil contains gravel, clay, sand and humus [ ]
5. Sand soil is more compacted that silt [ ]
50
Lesson three
Soil protection and pollution
Pollution:
Change in the environment that harms living organisms.
1. Chemical pesticides:
- Chemical pesticides are used to kill pests that attack plants.
- Some pesticides had bad effect. (Give Reason)
Bec, it passes to the plant and harms the human health and
animals feed on it
2. Chemical fertilizers:
- Chemical fertilizers are used to increase the fertility of soil.
- Using chemical fertilizers causes soil pollution. (Give Reason)
Bec, it causes
a. Death of organisms live in the soil.
b. Passing fertilizers to plants and harms human health
3. Industrial wastes:
- Industrial wastes coming from factories pollute air and water.
- When pollutants mix with water it form acidic rain, this
increases soil acidity and dissolve the salts needed for plants
51
How to protect soil from pollution:
1. Use natural enemies instead of pesticides
Natural enemies: insects that helps to kill pest of crops
52
Exercise on lesson Three
Q1: Choose the correct answer:
1. One of the sources of pollution is ------------------------
a) Salts b) Fertilizers c) pesticides
53
Q2: write the scientific term:
1. It's any change in the environment that disturbs its natural
balance and harms its living organisms.
[ ------------------------------ ]
2. Chemical substances used to kill pests of crops
[ ------------------------------ ]
3. Small insects can help in getting rid of pests of crops
[ ------------------------------ ]
54