Management of

Information Systems
Week 5, Lecture 5: Network & Collaboration as Business Solutions

Copyright ©2022 Robin Keno Pur

mois361203@gmail.com
University of Papua New Guinea University of Papua New Guinea
 Week Topic CLO Align Assessment
with Topic
1 Introduction 1
2 IT supports Organisational Performance in Turbulent 2
Business Environment
3 Information Technologies: Concepts, Types, & IT Support 2, 3 Assignment 1
Released
4 Managing Data to Improve Business Performance 3, 4
5 Network & Collaboration as Business Solutions 4, 5 Assessment - 15%
6 E-Business, E-Commerce & Mobile Commerce 5, 6
7 Transection Processing, Functional Applications & 6, 9
Integration
8 Enterprise Systems: Supply Chains, ERP, CRM 7, 9 Project - 30%
9 Business Intelligence & Decision Support Systems 7,8
10 IT Strategy & Planning 8, 9
11 Study Week
12 Exam Week Exam – 50%

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 Assignment
▪ Everyone should be working on the topic for the Report.
▪ Your report should now be structured, with following sections done:
▪ Title Page,
▪ Introduction, and
▪ Technology Overview

▪ Referencing – APA Style (6th Edition)

▪ Numbered, bulleted, dashes, #, not allowed.
▪ Reading Tasks - Email mois361203@gmail.com
▪ Profile names – Email, Google Classroom
▪ Interactive Exercise on Google Classroom.
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 Networking & Collaboration as Business Solutions
Learning Outcome:
▪ Why are systems for collaboration and social business so important,
and what technologies do they use?
▪ Understand the key technologies that made Web 2.0 possible, and
appreciate the opportunities and challenges that social media
represents for business organizations.
▪ Describe the features and capabilities of large social networking
services.
▪ Explain how blogs and microblogs facilitate communication on a
global scale.
▪ Describe how organizations and groups make use of new Web 2.0
collaboration tools and services.
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 Collaboration
▪ “The action of working with someone to produce something.” (Oxford
Dictionary)
▪ “The process of two or more people, entities or organisations working
together to complete a task or achieve a goal.” (Wikipedia.com)
▪ Evolution of collaboration as “the process of systematic networking
that comprises of events, actions, and activities that can be individual
or collective and unfold over time”. (Van De Ven, 1992).
▪ Connections that you form with others, and different way you interact
with those people you have made connection with, that will help
grow your business to next level.
▪ Collaboration can increase interest and enjoyment in your workplace.

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 Collaboration
▪ Connecting Teams and Getting a Task Done.
▪ Collaboration has evolved in the recent years.
▪ People gather together in person, discuss issues
and ideas in meeting rooms,
▪ Today, businesses located geographically, so as
co-workers.
▪ Globalisation and remote working, means
businesses needed to work extra harder to get
https://www.uctoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/what-is-collaboration-uc-today.jpg
Lecture of Collaboration – LIWAN LI Blog (mediafactory.org.au)
people connected, to share and work on
projects

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 Collaboration and Network
▪ Collaboration and teamwork are more important today than ever for a
variety of reasons:
▪ Changing nature of work – jobs require much closer coordination and interaction
among the parties involved in producing the service or product, than in the past.
▪ Growth of Professional Work – “interaction” primary value adding activity. Sharing
information to get work done, different professional actors with specialty to
accomplish the job
▪ Changing Organization of the firm – organizing of hierarchical work changed to work
organized in teams and groups
▪ Changing scope of the firm – locations changed from single to multiple for the firm –
regional offices. Global presence needs close coordination and collaboration
▪ Emphasis on innovation - is a group and social process, Strong collaborative
practices and technologies are believed to increase the rate and quality of
innovation.
▪ Changing culture of business and work - Most research on collaboration supports
the notion that diverse teams produce better outputs faster than individuals working
on their own. 7
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 Social Business
▪ Enhance collaboration by embracing social business
▪ Use of Social Networking tool, internal & external
▪ Engage employees, customers, and suppliers
▪ Goal is to deepen interactions and expediate information sharing,
innovation and decision making
▪ “Conversation” – key in social business
▪ Requires information transparency – the need to share opinions and
facts directly
▪ Develop and strengthen bonds
▪ Consumers, suppliers, employees, and increasing emotional involvement in
the firm.

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 Applications for Social Business internal and External
SOCIAL BUSINESS APPLICATION
Social networks
Crowdsourcing
Shared workspaces
Blogs and Wikis
Social commerce
File sharing
Social marketing
Communities
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DESCRIPTION
Connect through personal and business profiles
Harness collective knowledge to generate new ideas and
solutions
Coordinate projects and tasks; co-create content
Publish and rapidly access knowledge; discuss opinions and
experiences
Share opinions about purchasing or purchase on social
platforms
Upload, share, and comment on photos, videos, audio, text
documents
Use social media to interact with customers; derive customer
insights
Discuss topics in open forums; share expertise 9
 Business Benefits of Collaboration and Social Business
▪ Investments in collaboration technology can bring organization
improvement, returning high ROI. Benefits:
BENEFIT RATIONALE
Productivity People interacting and working together can capture expert knowledge and solve
problems more rapidly than the same number of people working in isolation from
one another. There will be fewer errors
Quality People working collaboratively can communicate errors and corrective actions faster
than if they work in isolation. Collaborative and social technologies help reduce time
delays in design and production.
Innovation People working collaboratively can come up with more innovative ideas for
products, services, and administration than the same number working in isolation
from one another. Advantages to diversity and the “wisdom of crowds.”
Customer Service People working together using collaboration and social tools can solve customer
complaints and issues faster and more effectively than if they were working in
isolation from one another.
Financial Performance As a result of all of the above, collaborative firms have superior sales, sales growth,
(Profitability, Sales & Sales and financial performance.
growth) 10
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 Requirements for Collaboration
▪ Successful collaboration requires an appropriate organizational structure
and culture along with appropriate collaboration technology.

Source: 1: Laudon,(2017), Management Information Systems

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 Building a Collaborative Culture and Business Processes
▪ “Command and Control” organisations
▪ No value placed on teamwork or lower-level participation in
decisions
▪ Collaborative Business Culture
▪ Senior managers rely on teams of employees.
▪ Policies, products, designs, processes, and systems rely on teams.
▪ The managers purpose is to build teams.
▪ Business culture and business processes are more “social.”

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 Tools and Technologies for Collaboration and
Social Business

▪ Email & Instant Messaging (IM) – text messaging

▪ Real-time conversation with multiple participants simultaneously
▪ Wikis – website to contribute text contents and graphics – volunteers
▪ Useful for storing and sharing corporate knowledge and insights
▪ Wikipedia
▪ Virtual Worlds – online 3-D computer simulated environments
▪ Social Interaction-based - Users can create, connect and chat, and interact
▪ Second Life

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 Collaboration and Social Business Platforms
▪ Multifunction platforms – Virtual Meeting Systems
▪ Online audio & video conferencing tools – Zoom, GoToMeeting, Skype,
▪ Cloud Collaboration Service – offers online tools & Service - Google Online
Service - Google Meet, Google Classroom, Duo, Google Drive
▪ Corporate collaboration tools – Microsoft SharePoint
▪ IBM Notes
▪ Enterprise Social Network tools – Salesforce Chatter, Microsoft Yammer,
Facebook at Work, IBM Connections,
▪ Video Conferencing – two-way video and audio transmission allowing
individuals or two or more locations to communicate simultaneously
▪ Telepresence technology – high-end videoconferencing feature, an
integrated audio and visual environment that allows a person to give the
appearance of being present at a location other than his or her true
physical location. 14
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 Collaboration and Social Business Platforms
▪ Google Drive - file storage and synchronization service for cloud
storage, file sharing, and collaborative editing.
▪ Microsoft OneDrive and Dropbox are other leading cloud storage
services. They feature both free and paid services, depending on the
amount of storage space and administration required.
▪ Google Drive and Microsoft OneDrive are integrated with tools for
document creation and sharing.
▪ Eg. Google Docs, Google Cloud-based productivity suits for Business, Google
Apps for Business
▪ Microsoft Office Documents, Microsoft Office Apps
▪ Google Sites allows users to quickly create online team-oriented sites
where multiple people can collaborate and share files.
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 Enterprise Social Networking Software Capabilities
SOFTWARE CAPABILITY
Profiles
Content sharing
Feeds and notifications
Groups and team workspaces
Tagging and social bookmarking
Permissions and privacy
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DESCRIPTION
Ability to set up member profiles describing who individuals are, educational
background, interests. Includes work-related associations and expertise (skills,
projects, teams).
Share, store, and manage content including documents, presentations, images,
and videos.
Real-time information streams, status updates, and announcements
from designated individuals and groups.
Establish groups to share information, collaborate on documents, and
work on projects with the ability to set up private and public groups
and to archive conversations to preserve team knowledge
Indicate preferences for specific pieces of content, similar to the
Facebook Like button. Tagging lets people add keywords to identify
content they like.
Ability to make sure private information stays within the right circles,
as determined by the nature of relationships. In enterprise social
networks, there is a need to establish who in the company has
permission to see what information. 16
 Systems for Collaboration and Social Business
▪ Two dimensions of collaboration techniques
▪ Space (location) – remote or co-located
▪ Time – synchronous or asynchronous
▪ Six Steps in Evaluating Software tools
▪ What are your firms collaboration challenges?
▪ What kind of solutions are available?
▪ Analyse available products’ costs and benefits
▪ Evaluate security risks
▪ Consult users for implementation and training
▪ Evaluate product vendor

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 Time/Space Collaboration and Social Tool Matrix
▪ Ability to make sure
private information
stays within the right
circles, as determined
by the nature of
relationships.
▪ In enterprise social
networks, there is a
need to establish who
in the company has
permission to see what
information.

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 Time/Space Collaboration and Social Tool Matrix

▪ The collaboration and social technologies we have just described are

ways of overcoming the limitations of time and space.
▪ Using this time/space framework will help you to choose the most
appropriate collaboration and teamwork tools for your firm.
▪ Note that some tools are applicable in more than one time/place
scenario.

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 Time/Space Collaboration and Social Tool Matrix
▪ How to invest in the correct collaboration tools – 6-steps
1. What are the collaboration challenges facing the firm in terms of time
and space?
2. Within each cell of the matrix where your firm faces challenges, exactly
what kinds of solutions are available?
3. Analyze each of the products in terms of its cost and benefits to your
firm.
4. Identify the risks to security and vulnerability involved with each of the
products.
5. Seek the help of potential users to identify implementation and training
issues.
6. Make your selection of candidate tools, and invite the vendors to make
presentations.

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 Social Network Service
▪ An online platform which people use to built social networks or social
relationships with other people who share similar personal or career
content, interests, activities, backgrounds or real life connections.
▪ Suggest that a network should foremostly concentrate on the
development of the network before allocating majority of the time
and effort resources to the development of the substance.
▪ Development of Network – development of trust and commitment

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 Social Networking, Engagement and Social
Metrics
▪ connect on social networking services or other forms of social media
frequently.
▪ Discover new ways to share - messaging, photographs, videos, and
blogs.
▪ The digital-savvy connected generation or millennials—“get” social
media, but do not know the purpose and use - recreational or
entertainment purposes.
▪ Need understanding of how social media can be used for marketing,
recruiting, research, collaboration on projects, or personal branding.

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 Web 2.0 – The Social Web
▪ Dramatic change in the way people use internet.
▪ 1990’s
▪ No regular access to internet – “dial-up” through telephone lines
▪ A long wait for contents to download from the web
▪ Email – primary mechanism for social media interaction
▪ Public bulletins – online communities, all members of community
can read messages others post
▪ Online purchase (e-commerce) was rare – credit card protection
was not that effective.
▪ BUT all that has changed.
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 Web 2.0 – The Social Web
▪ Dramatic change in the way people use internet.
▪ Today:
The ▪ Internet access using broadband (wired or wireless)
Constantly ▪ Stream audio and video files online
Changing ▪ Constant changes in web surfing – interactive & dynamic in
Web appearance and response
▪ Email is still a common form of communication in business
▪ digital natives favour texts, tweets, or social networking
sites than email
▪ Blogs and online news keeping track of hobbies & interests
▪ “Like” or “+1” button – consuming contents by adding
comments or reviews signalling appreciation for the
content.
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 Web 2.0 – The Social Web
▪ Internet users are increasingly becoming content
creators – blogs, post videos, share pictures, using sites
like Fliker or Photobucket
▪ E-commerce continuous to grow and evolve, changing
entire industries
▪ E-books are popular than print books – Amazon Book
store, e-Bay
▪ Purchasing music on iTunes
▪ Online Retailers – using social features by e-commerce
sites
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 Web 2.0 – The Social Web
▪ Many companies embraced the potential of Web 2.0
technologies, and the emerging social culture that
characterize our modern online experience, many businesses,
agencies and individuals have been slow to understand both
the challenges and opportunities created by social web.
▪ A term used to describe a phase of World Wide Web
evolution characterized by dynamic webpages, social media,
mashup applications, broadband connectivity and user-
generated content.

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 Web 2.0 – The Social Web
▪ A network of documents on the Internet, called
webpages, constructed with HTML markup language
that supports links to other documents and media (e.g.
The World graphics, video, audio, etc.).
Wide Web
▪ Invented and Launched in 1991, by Tim Berners-Lee
▪ Static Websites – online billboards, view only
▪ Email was viewed as sophisticated communication tool,
and luxury – only used in offices.
▪ Social interaction was minimal - communication was
primarily uni-directional
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 WWW as a Platform for Services and Social Interaction
Web 1.0 vs Web 2.0

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 WWW as a Platform for Services and Social Interaction

▪ Broadband refers to wide bandwidth technologies that

create fast, high volume connections to the Internet and
World Wide Web..
▪ Social Media - collection of Web applications, based on Web
2.0 technology and culture, that allows people to connect
and collaborate with others by creating and sharing digital
content.

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 WWW as a Platform for Services and Social Interaction
▪ Web Platform is all – shopping, news, entertainment,
education, research, electronic funds transfer,
▪ Broadband wireless network technologies – connect
multiple users simultaneously to the Internet.
▪ Web technologies gave rise to website features and services
▪ Social Media - collective of web services

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 Emergence of Social Applications, Networks, and Services
Starting in 2000, a series of developments in the technology and
business environment occurred that set the stage (infrastructure) for
Web 2.0.
1. Broad Bandwidth (Broadband)
2. Sustainable Business Models
3. New Web Programming Technologies
4. Application Programming Interfaces (APIs)
▪ Why Managers Should Understand Web Technology?

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 Why Managers Should Understand Web Technology?
▪ Web Technologies Determine Feature and Capabilities – determine
what is possible on the web.
▪ Help identify strategic opportunities and threats
▪ Develop Sustainable competitive advantage
▪ Development of APIs, Web developments, other technologies.
▪ API – Application Programming Interface;
▪ Plug-Ins – buttons or features that websites that interact with other
social media platforms, such as Facebook

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 Social Networking Services & Communities
▪ Social Networking Services - An online platform which people use to
built social networks or social relationships with other people who
share similar personal or career content, interests, activities,
backgrounds or real life connections.
▪ Communities – (a) residence in a common locality, such as a village or
neighbourhood, (b) solidarity sediments and activities
▪ Social Communities – (c) interpersonal networks that provide,
sociability, social support, social capital to their members skills
▪ Online communities using social platforms
▪ Area marked by the sentiment of common living
▪ Online or Virtual Communities parallel physical communities
▪ Not bound by political or geographic boundaries
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 Virtual or Online Communities
▪ Usenet – provided initial platform for users to exchange messages on
various topics in public news groups – online bulletin boards - pre-
date WWW
▪ Different forms of online communities:
▪ Blogosphere (blog on web) as a community
▪ YouTube - community of people who post, view and comment on videos
▪ Epinions - community of people who share their experiences, and opinions
on products and companies
▪ Fliker, Photobuket, Webshots – photo sharing communities
▪ Wikipedia - community of people who create, edit, and maintain an online
knowledge base
▪ Twitter is a community, or perhaps several communities, of people who
frequently share short, 140-character messages with one another about a
variety of topics.
▪ Facebook & LinkedIn – communities that have seen tremendous growth in
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 Virtual or Online Communities
▪ Social network analysis (SNA) is the mapping and measuring
of relationships and flows between people, groups,
organizations, computers, or other information or
knowledge-processing entities.
▪ Social graph - refer to the global social network reflecting
how we are all connected to one another through
relationships used by Facebook
▪ Facebook users can access a social graph application that
visually represents the connections among all the people in
their network.
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 Online Communities
▪ Used as Platforms for:
▪ Selling goods and service
▪ Promoting products to prospective customers
▪ Prospecting customers
▪ Building relationships with customers and prospective customers
▪ Identifying customers perceptions by “listening” to conversations
▪ Soliciting ideas for new products and services from customers
▪ Providing support services to customers by answering questions, providing
information, and so on.
▪ Encouraging customers to share their positive perceptions with others
▪ Gather information about competitors and marketplace perceptions of
competitors
▪ Identifying and interacting with prospective suppliers, partners and
collaborators
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 Social Technologies have been adopted at a
record speed

[McKinsey Global Institute, The Social Economy: Unlocking Value and Productivity through Social Technologies, 2012] 37
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 Online Social Communities

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 Virtual or Online Communities
▪ Social Graph uses nodes and ties to illustrate relationships between
individuals and groups of people

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 Metcalfe’s Law
▪ The value of a telecommunications network is proportional to the
square of the number of connected users of the system (n2)

2 users: 1 connection 5 users: 20 connection 12 users: 66 connections

Network Effect: the value of a product or service is

dependent on the number of others using it
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 Reed’s Law
▪ Utility of large networks (such as social networks), scales
exponentially with the size of the network
▪ Why?: the number of possible subgroups of network participants
is 2N – N - 1

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 The Value of Social Capital
Social Capital: the investment in social relations with the expectation
of a return in the marketplace

Social capital add value in four ways:

▪ Information
▪ Influence
▪ Social credentials
▪ Personal reinforcement

Social Capital ≈ Number of Relationships x Relationship Strength

x Associate Resources
[N. Lin, Social Capital: The Theory of Social Structure and Action, Cambridge University Press, 2002]
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 Social Networking Services (SNS)
▪ Represents a special type of virtual community and dominant form of
online community.
▪ Individuals maintain identity through their profiles,
▪ Membership is selective – choose which larger community to interact
with
▪ Network is built overtime – adding contacts and friends
▪ Number of social network services has grown tremendously
▪ Segment and consolidate like any other industries

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 Social Networking Services (SNS)
▪ Most popular social
networks worldwide as of
January 2022, ranked by
number of monthly active
users(in millions)

▪ Facebook is the clear

Leader

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 Social Networking Services
Daily time spent on social networking by internet users worldwide from 2012 to
2022(in minutes)

As of 2022, the average daily social media usage of internet users worldwide amounted to
147 minutes per day, up from 145 minutes in the previous year.
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 Social media statistics for Papua New Guinea in 2022

▪ 1.03 million social media users – Jan 2022 – 930,000 users in 2021
▪ 11.2 percent of the total population – 10.3% active social media users
in 2021
▪ 1.00 million users using Facebook ; 900,000 active Facebook users in
2021

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 Private Social Networks
▪ A community group Restricted to members selected by the SNS
owner
▪ Greater degree to control - track conversations, easily monitor
activities
▪ Managing a private SNS requires more time, attention, and resources
than maintaining a presence on a general SNS.
▪ Organizations need to understand up-front that they are making a
substantial commitment with this strategy.

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 Future of Social Networking
▪ Social networking services are perhaps the most feature-rich
applications of Web 2.0.
▪ It is expected that growth and innovation in this sector will continue
as individual users and business organizations discover its power for
building networks and relationships.
▪ We expect that Facebook will continue to dominate the field, but that
smaller SNSs will stake out strong positions in niche markets using
traditional market segmentation strategies—focusing on the needs of
specific geographic, cultural, age, or special interest segments.

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 Future of Social Networking
▪ Taking on new functions: Shopping, reading news, gaming,
▪ Becoming Lot more than purely social .
1. Augmented Reality (AR)-based Shopping Experience – Facebook &
Instagram
▪ integrate e-commerce into their user experience and AR-based shopping is a
future possibility for these online spaces.
▪ AR, involves overlaying virtual objects into real-time video or pictures

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 Future of Social Networking
2. Virtual Reality (VR) Communication:
▪ involves immersing an individual in a virtual world using a headset.
▪ It can work amazingly well and could become a common social media feature
in the near future.
▪ Different ways Communicating via social media; keeping in touch with friends
& family.
▪ BUT Imagine you could feel like you were right there, in the room with them?
VR technology could make this a reality.

(makeuseof.com)
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 Future of Social Networking
3. VR & AR Gaming
Social media sites could offer VR multiplayer games that you can play with your
friends and family.

(makeuseof.com)
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 Engaging Consumers with Blogs and Microblogs

▪ Blogs: websites where people regularly post content

▪ You can write a column or article and publish online for anyone to
read.
▪ Some personal blogs are simply online diaries or journals
where people share their thoughts, reflections, or an
account of their life.
▪ Blogs contain content in a variety of digital formats including
text, photographs,video, and music.
▪ Internet users increasingly use blogs as a source for
information about topics of interest.
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 Engaging Consumers with Blogs and Microblogs

▪ Professionals: establish their reputation and promote their

business interests
▪ Corporate Bloggers: use the medium to tell stories about their
brands and connect with customers.
▪ Appear to be broadcast: – one-many communication
tool, however
▪ An effective tool for interactive dialog: comments
features allow readers to respond to blog posts,
interacting with the blogger and other readers.
▪ Connections between blogs create what some refer to as the
blogosphere, or a network of blogs.
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 Mashups, Social Metrics, and Monitoring Tools

▪ Mashup: Web application that combines information from two or more

sources and presents this information in a way that creates some new
benefit or service.
▪ Integration of Map Data (Google Map) – store names, locations,
reviews, phone numbers, addresses,
▪ Users enjoy a powerful and visually compelling service, when combining this
information in a single location or application.
▪ Enterprise mashups combine data from internal business sources (e.g.,
sales records, customer information, etc.) and/or information from
external sources for enhanced usefulness and productivity.

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 Mashups, Social Metrics, and Monitoring Tools

▪ APIs’ used in mashup apps are from social media sites.

▪ Data involved in the mashup are likely to be user-generated
social information.
▪ Represent the power to separate content from form -
allowing Web developers (and sometimes users) greater
control over how information is displayed and used on the
Web.
▪ Mashup technology also represents a tremendous
opportunity for new Web-based businesses with limited
start-up capital.
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 Thank you

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