REFERENCES

References

(1) Agarwal, A.; Kimondo, J.; Moreno, G. and Tinker, J. (1983) Water, Sanitation, Health - for
all? Prospects for the International Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation Decade, 1981-
90. The International Institute for Environment and Development.

(2) Bell, D.R. (ed.) (1995) Lecture Notes on Tropical Medicine, 4th edition. Blackwell Science
Ltd.: Oxford (UK).

(3) Benenson, A.S. (ed.) (1995) Control of Communicable Diseases Manual, 16th edition. The
American Public Health Association: Washington (USA).

(4) Berkow. R. (ed.) (1992) The Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy, 16th edition. Merck
Research Laboratories: Rahway (USA).

(5) Birley, M.H. (-) Guidelines for Forecasting the Vector-borne Disease Implications of Water
Resources Development. WHO Collaborating Centre: Environmental Management for Vec-
tor Control, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine: Liverpool (UK).

(6) Birley, M. and Lock, K. (1999) The Health Impacts of Peri-Urban Natural Resource Devel-
opment. International Centre for Health Impact Assessment; Liverpool School of Tropical
Medicine: Liverpool (UK)

(7) Boot, M.T. and Cairncross, S. (eds.) (1993) Actions Speak: The Study of Hygiene Behaviour
in Water and Sanitation Projects. IRC International Water and Sanitation Centre: The Hague
(The Netherlands).

(8) Bowry, T.R. (1984) Immunology Simplified, 2nd edition. Oxford University Press: Oxford
(UK)

(9) Brandberg, B. (1997) Latrine Building: A Handbook for Implementing the SanPlat System.
Intermediate Technology Publications: London (UK).

(10) Bres, P. (1986) Public Health Action in Emergencies caused by Epidemics: A Practical
Guide. World Health Organization: Geneva (Switzerland).

(11) Brown, V.; Moren, A and Paquet, C. (1996) Evaluation Rapide de l’Etat de Sante d’une
Population Deplacee ou Refugiee. Médecins Sans Frontières: Paris (France).

(12) Busvine, J.R. (1982) Control of Domestic Flies, 7th edition. Ross Institute of Tropical Hy-
giene Publication No.5: London (UK).

(13) Cairncross, A.M. (1990) Health Impacts in Developing Countries: New Evidence and New
Prospects. Journal of the Institution of Water and Environmental Managment: Vol.4, pp.571-
577.

(14) Cairncross, S.(1988) Small Scale Sanitation. Ross Institute of Tropical Hygiene Bulletin
No.8. The Ross Institute: London (UK).

(15) Cairncross, S and Feachem, R (1998) Environmental Health Engineering in the Tropics: An
Introductory Text, 2nd edition. John Wiley & Sons: Chichester (UK).

(16) Cook, G. (1996) Manson’s Tropical Diseases, 20th edition. WB Saunders Company Ltd.:
London (UK).

275
 CONTROLLING AND PREVENTING DISEASE

(17) Cotton, A. and Franceys, R. (1991) Services for Shelter: Infrastructure for Urban Low-
Income Housing. Liverpool Planning Manual 3. Liverpool University Press: Liverpool (UK).

(18) Curtis, V. and Kanki, B. (1998) Happy, Healthy and Hygienic: How to set up a Hygiene
Promotion Programme. WES Technical Guidelines Series No.5. United Nations Children’s
Fund: New York (USA).

(19) Dale, R. (1998) Evaluation Frameworks for Development Programmes and Projects. Sage
Publications: New Delhi (India)

(20) Davis, J.; Garvey, G. and Wood, M. (1993) Developing and Managing Community Water
Supplies. Oxfam Development Guidelines No.8. Oxfam: Oxford (UK).

(21) Davis, J. and Lambert, R. (1995) Engineering in Emergencies: A Practical Guide for Relief
Workers. Intermediate Technology Publications: London (UK).

(22) Delmas, G. and Courvallet, M. (1994) Public Health Engineering in Emergency Situation.
Médecins Sans Frontières: Paris (France).

(23) Department for International Development (1998) Guidance Manual on Water Supply and
Sanitation Programmes. WELL: London (UK).

(24) Driscoll, F.G. (ed.) (1986) Groundwater and Wells, 2nd edition. U.S. Filter/Johnson Screens:
St.Paul (USA).

(25) Esrey, S.A. (1996) Water, Waste, and Well-Being: A Multicountry Study. American Journal
of Epidemiology: Vol.143, No.6, pp.608-623.

(26) Esrey, S.A.; Potash, J.B.; Roberts, L. and Shiff, C. (1991) Effects of Improved Water Supply
and Sanitation on Ascariasis, Diarrhoea, Dracunculiasis, Hookworm Infection, Schistosomia-
sis, and Trachoma. Bulletin of the World Health Organization: 69(5), pp.609-621.

(27) Feachem, R.G. (1984) Interventions for the Control of Diarrhoeal Diseases among Young
Children: Promotion of Personal and Domestic Hygiene. Bulletin of the World Health Or-
ganization: 62(3), pp.467-476.

(28) Feachem, R.F.; Bradley, D.J.; Garelick, H. and Mara, D.D. (1983) Sanitation and Disease:
Health Aspects of Excreta and Wastewater Management. World Bank Studies in Water
Supply and Sanitation 3. John Wiley & Sons: Chichester (UK).

(29) Feachem, R.; McGarry, M. and Mara, D. (eds.) (1977) Water, Wastes and Health in Hot
Climates. John Wiley & Sons: Chichester (UK).

(30) Franceys, R.; Pickford, J. and Reed, R. (1992) A Guide to the Development of On-Site
Sanitation. World Health Organization: Geneva (Switzerland).

(31) Gerba, C.P.; Wallis, C. and Melnick, J.L. (1975) Fate of Wastewater Bacteria and Viruses in
Soil. Journal of the Irrigation and Drainage Division; Proceedings of the American Society of
Civil Engineers: Vol.101, No.IR.3, pp.157-174.

(32) Han, A.M. and Hliang, T. (1989) Prevention of Diarrhoea and Dysentery by Handwashing.
Transaction of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene: N0.83, pp.128-131.

(33) Hoque, B.A. and Briend, A. (1991) A Comparison of Local Handwashing Agents in Bangla-
desh. Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene: Vol.94. pp.61-64.

276
 REFERENCES

(34) House, S. and Reed, B. (1997) Emergency Water Sources: Guidelines for Selection and
Treatment. Water, Engineering and Development Centre (WEDC); Loughborough University:
Loughborough (UK).

(35) Hoverd, C. and Brown, R. (1986) Tropical Diseases: including Aspects of Hygiene, Malnutri-
tion and Injuries. MacMillan Publishers Ltd.: London (UK).

(36) Hunter, J.M.; Rey, L.; Chu, K.Y.; Adekolu-John, E.O. and Mott, K.E. (1993) Parasitic Dis-
eases in Water Resources Development: The Need for Intersectoral Negotiation. World
Health Organization: Geneva (Switzerland).

(37) Hurst, C.J. (ed.) (1996) Modeling Disease Transmission and its Prevention by Disinfection.
Cambridge University Press: Cambridge (UK).

(38) Kerr, C. (ed.) (1990) Community Health and Sanitation. Intermediate Technology Publica-
tions: London (UK).

(39) Kolsky, P. (1998) Storm Drainage: An Engineering Guide to the Low-Cost Evaluation of
System Performance. Intermediate Technology Publications: London (UK).

(40) Koopman, J.S. (1978) Diarrhea and School Toilet Hygiene in Cali, Colombia. American
Journal of Epidemiology: Vol.107, No.5, pp.412-420.

(41) Kreier, J.P. and Mortensen, R.F. (1990) Infection, Resistance, and Immunity. Harper & Row:
New York (USA).

(42) Lewis, W.J.; Foster, S.S.D. and Drasar, B.S. (1980) The Risk of Groundwater Pollution by
On-Site Sanitation in Developing Countries: A Literature Review. The International Refer-
ence Centre for Wastes Disposal: Duebendorf (Switzerland).

(43) Macdonald, D.; Ahmed, K.M.; Islam, M.S.; Lawrence, A. and Khandker, Z.Z. (1999) Pit
Latrines - A Source of Contamination in Peri-Urban Dhaka? Waterlines: Vol.17, No.4, pp.6-
8.

(44) Mahmoud, A.A.F. (ed.) (1993) Tropical and Geographical Medicine: Companion Hand-
book, 2nd edition. McGraw-Hill inc.: New York (USA).

(45) Martin, E.A. (ed.) (1998) Concise Colour Medical Dictionary, 2nd edition. Oxford University
Press: Oxford (UK).

(46) Médecins Sans Frontières (1996) Eau, Hygiene et Assainissement: Chimie des Eaux Guide-
line. Internal document from EHA MSF/B, Service Medical. Médecins Sans Frontières:
Brussels (Belgium).

(47) Médecins Sans Frontières (1997) Refugee Health: An Approach to Emergency Situations.
MacMillan Education Ltd.: London (UK).

(48) Mintz, E.D.; Reiff, F.M. and Tauxe, R.V. (1995) Safe Water Treatment and Storage in the
Home: A Practical new Strategy to prevent Waterborne Disease. The Journal of the Ameri-
can Medical Association: Vol.273, No.12, pp.948-953.

(49) Morris, P. and Therivel, R. (eds.) (1995) Methods of Environmental Impact Assessment.
University College London Press Ltd.: London (UK).

277
 CONTROLLING AND PREVENTING DISEASE

(50) Moxon, E.R. (ed.) (1990) Modern Vaccines: Current Practice and New Approaches; A Lan-
cet Review. Edward Arnold: London (UK).

(51) Murray, C.J.L. and Lopez, A.D. (1997) Global Mortality, Disability, and the Contribution of
Risk Factors: Global Burden of Disease Study. The Lancet: Vol.349, pp.1436-1442.

(52) Murray, C.J.L. and Lopez, A.D. (1997) Mortality by Cause for eight Regions of the World:
Global Burden of Disease Study. The Lancet: Vol.349, pp.1269-1276.

(53) Reed, R.A. (1995) Sustainable Sewerage: Guidelines for Community Schemes. Intermedi-
ate Technology Publications: London (UK).

(54) Perrin, P. (1996) Handbook on War and Public Health. International Committee of the Red
Cross: Geneva (Switzerland).

(55) Phoon, W.O. (ed.) (1985) Epidemiology for the Health Officer: A Field Manual for the Trop-
ics. World Health Organization: Geneva (Switzerland).

(56) Pickford, J. (ed.) (1991) The Worth of Water: Technical Briefs on Health, Water and Sanita-
tion. Intermediate Technology Publications: London (UK).

(57) Pickford, J. (1995) Low-Cost Sanitation: A survey of Practical Experience. Intermediate

Technology Publications: London (UK).

(58) Reed, R.A. (1998) Low-Cost Sanitation: Unit 3: Pit Latrines-Components, Construction and
Design. Distance Learning Module. Water, Engineering and Development Centre (WEDC);
Loughborough University: Loughborough (UK).

(59) Robinson, D. (1981) ‘Lecture Notes in Epidemiology and Communicable Disease Control’
in Robinson, D. (ed.) (1985) Epidemiology and the Community Control of Disease in Warm
Climate Countries, 2nd edition. Churchill Livingstone: Edinburgh (UK).

(60) Rottier, E. (1999) HeSaWa and Disease-prevention: The development of an Informative

Tool on Holistic Disease-prevention. Unpublished MSc Project Report. Water, Engineering
and Development Centre (WEDC); Loughborough University: Loughborough (UK).

(61) Rozendaal, J.A. (1997) Vector Control: Methods for use by Individuals and Communities.
World Health Organization: Geneva (Switzerland).

(62) Saywell, D. (1999) Pollution from On-Site Sanitation - the Risks? What Risks? Waterlines:
Vol.17, No.4, pp.22-23.

(63) Scott, T.M.E.; Gray-Donald, K. and Kalumba, O.N. (1996) Multiple Infection with Plasmo-
dium and Helminths in Communities of Low and relatively High Socio-Economic Status.
Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology: Vol.90, No.3, pp.277-293.

(64) Shaw, R.J. (ed.) (1999) Running Water: More Technical Briefs on Health, Water and Sani-
tation. Intermediate Technology Publications: London (UK).

(65) Stanton, B.F. and Clemens, J.D. (1987) An Educational Intervention for Altering Water-
Sanitation Behaviors to Reduce Childhood Diarrhea in Urban Bangladesh: II. A Randomized
Trial to Assess the Impact of the Intervention on Hygienic Behaviors and Rates of Diarrhea.
American Journal of Epidemiology: Vol.125, No.2, pp.292-301.

278
 REFERENCES

(66) The Sphere Project (2000) Humanitarian Charter and Minimum Standards in Disaster Re-
sponse. The Spere Project: Geneva (Switzerland)

(67) Thomson, M.C. (1995) Disease Prevention through Vector Control: Guidelines for Relief
Organisations. Oxfam: Oxford (UK).

(68) Twort, A.C.; Law, F.M.; Crowley, F.W. and Ratnayaka, D.D. (1994) Water Supply, 4th edition.
Edward Arnold: London (UK).

(69) UNICEF (1995) ‘UNICEF strategies in Water and Environmental Sanitation’ in Department
for International Development (1998) Guidance Manual on Water Supply and Sanitation
Programmes. WELL: London (UK).

(70) VanDerslice, J. and Briscoe, J. (1995) Environmental Interventions in Developing Coun-

tries: Interactions and their Implications. American Journal of Epidemiology: Vol.141, No.2,
pp.135-144.

(71) Vaughan, J.P. and Morrow, R.H. (eds.) (1989) Manual of Epidemiology for District Health
Management. World Health Organization: Geneva (Switzerland).

(72) Veer, de T. (1998) Beyond Sphere: Integral Quality System for the Operation of Water and
Sanitation Programs in Camps, unpublished draft report. De Veer Consultancy: Leiden (the
Netherlands).

(73) Webber, R. (1998) Communicable Disease Epidemiology and Control. CAB International:
Wallingford (UK).

(74) Werner, D.; Thuman, C. and Maxwell, J. (1992) Where There is no Doctor: a Village Health
Care Handbook, revised English edition. The Hesperian Foundation: California (USA).

(75) Withers, B. and Vipond, S. (1974) Irrigation: Design and Practice. B.T. Batsford Limited:
London (UK).

(76) World Bank, the (1993) ‘World Development Report’ in Webber, R. (1998) Communicable
Disease Epidemiology and Control. CAB International: Wallingford (UK).

(77) World Health Organization (1980) Environmental Management for Vector Control. WHO
Technical Report Series 649. World Health Organization: Geneva (Switzerland).

(78) World Health Organization (1981) Drinking-water and Sanitation 1981-1990: A Way to
Health. World Health Organization: Geneva (Switzerland).

(79) World Health Organization (1990) WHO Expert Committee on Environmental Health in Ur-
ban Development. World Health Organization: Geneva (Switzerland).

(80) World Health Organization (1991) Insect and Rodent Control through Environmental Man-
agement: A Community Action Programme. World Health Organization: Geneva (Switzer-
land).

(81) World Health Organization (1993) The Urban Health Crisis: Strategies for Health for All in
the Face of Rapid Urbanisation. World Health Organization: Geneva (Switzerland).

(82) World Health Organization (1997) Guidelines for Drinking-Water Quality: Volume 3, Surveil-
lance and Control of Community Supplies. 2nd edition. World Health Organization: Geneva
(Switzerland).

279
 CONTROLLING AND PREVENTING DISEASE

(83) World Health Organization (1999) World Health Organization Fact Sheets. <http://
www.who.int/inf-fs/en/>: 20.08.1999.

(84) World Health Organization (1999) World Health Organization Fact Sheets. <http://
www.who.int/inf-fs/en/>: 15.09.1999.

(85) World Health Organization (1999) World Health Organization. <http://www.who.int/emc/

diseases/leish/>: 20.08.1999.

(86) Wright, R.C. (1986) The Seasonality of Bacterial Quality of Water in a Tropical Developing
Country (Sierra Leone). The Journal of Hygiene: Vol.96, pp.75-82

(87) Yeager, J.G. and O’Brien, R.T. (1979) Enterovirus Inactivation in Soil. Applied and Environ-
mental Microbiology: Vol.38, pp.694-701.

(88) Zaidi, S.A. (1988) Poverty and Disease: Need for Structural Change. Social Science and
Medicine: Vol.27, No.2, pp.119-127.

280