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Welcome On Board - Quyen 2 (Chuong 3, 4)
Welcome On Board - Quyen 2 (Chuong 3, 4)
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Chapter 4. Health and Hygiene.....................................................................25
Søc khoÎ vµ vÖ sinh
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Chapter 3. SAFETY TRAINING ON BOARD
HuÊn luyÖn an toµn trªn tµu
A/Off : OK. Now you must wear a safety helmet and safety shoes.
Nµo. B©y giê c¸c anh ph¶i ®éi mò vµ mang giµy b¶o hé.
Avarro : But the safety helmet makes me hot, and the safety shoes are too heavy.
I think that we can still work safely with lighter fittings.
Nhng mò b¶o hé nãng l¾m, cßn giµy b¶o hé th× qu¸ nÆng. T«i nghÜ chóng ta vÉn
cã thÓ lµm viÖc an toµn víi c¸c trang bÞ nhÑ h¬n.
A/Off : I know it’s more comfortable with lighter gear, but don’t forget it can
be pretty dangerous working here. For example, you might slip while
painting and hit your head on the pipeline. Or the radio antenna may
break and fall on the deck. These accidents have happened before. We
never know what may happen.
T«i biÕt sÏ dÔ chÞu h¬n víi trang bÞ nhÑ, nhng chí quªn r»ng nã cã thÓ kh¸ nguy
hiÓm khi lµm viÖc t¹i ®©y. VÝ dô, anh cã thÓ bÞ tr¬n trong khi s¬n vµ vËp ®Çu
vµo èng c¸ng. HoÆc an-ten radio cã thÓ bÞ g·y vµ r¬i xuèng boong. Nh÷ng tai n¹n
nµy ®· tõng x¶y ra tríc ®©y. Chóng ta kh«ng bao giê biÕt ®iÒu g× sÏ x¶y ra.
Ramos : I think we should always wear protective gear. When we are
performing emergency tasks, we won’t have time to get our safety
helmets or shoes in an emergency. I’d rather be always ready for an
emergency.
T«i nghÜ chóng ta nªn lu«n mÆc ®å b¶o hé. Khi chóng ta ph¶i thùc hiÖn nh÷ng
nhiÖm vô khÈn cÊp, chóng ta kh«ng cã thêi gian ®Ó ®éi mò hoÆc ®i giµy. T«i thµ
lu«n lu«n s½n sµng cho nh÷ng t×nh huèng khÈn cÊp cßn h¬n.
A/Off : That’s good thinking. We don’t have worry about the accidents all of
the time, but if you wear safety gear, you will be more prepared if an
accident happens. If you aren’t dressed properly, it might slow down
your work.
NghÜ vËy lµ rÊt tèt. Chóng ta kh«ng ph¶i lo l¾ng vÒ tai n¹n trong mäi lóc, nhng
nÕu mÆc ®å b¶o hé, anh sÏ cã sù chuÈn bÞ tèt h¬n khi tai n¹n x¶y ra. NÕu anh ¨n
mÆc kh«ng thÝch hîp, nã cã thÓ g©y tr× ho·n c«ng viÖc cña anh.
Avarro : I understand. Somebody told me that we should never run on deck.
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T«i hiÓu. Mét vµi ngêi b¶o t«i r»ng kh«ng nªn ch¹y trªn boong.
Ramos : Yes, you see, you could slip and fall or you could trip on a rope,
resulting in serious injured. Be careful especially on the deck, which is
covered with denatured epoxy paint. That paint becomes wet and
slippery when it is humid. The hawser could also break. And that
could be dangerous for the crew. So be careful when you are on stand-
by.
§óng, anh thÊy ®Êy, anh cã thÓ bÞ tr¬n vµ ng· hoÆc cã thÓ vÊp vµo d©y, kÕt qu¶
lµ chÊn th¬ng nÆng. H·y cÈn thËn ®Æc biÖt lµ trªn boong, lµ n¬i ®îc phñ kÝn
b»ng s¬n epoxi biÕn tÝnh. Lo¹i s¬n ®ã trë nªn Èm ít vµ tr¬n khi tiÕt trêi Èm. D©y
c¸p còng cã thÓ bÞ ®øt. Vµ ®iÒu ®ã cã thÓ rÊt nguy hiÓm cho c¸c thuû thñ. V×
vËy h·y cÈn thËn khi anh trong tr¹ng th¸i s½n sµng.
A/Off : Also, be careful when you see a running rope. It could snap and whip
you.
§ång thêi, nhí ®Ó ý khi quan s¸t mét chiÕc d©y di chuyÓn. Nã cã thÓ t¸p vµo vµ l«i
anh ®i.
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Unit 33 On the Deck of a Bulk Carrier in Port (CD2-2)
Trªn boong cña mét tµu hµng rêi trong c¶ng
A/Off : Wait! Don’t pass by there! There’s a safety rope there, and you might
stumble there. Walk on the other side, on the port side.
Khoan ®·! §õng ®i qua ®ã! Cã mét sîi d©y an toµn ë ®ã, vµ anh cã thÓ vÊp vµo
®ã. §i sang bªn m¹n kia, m¹n tr¸i Êy.
Avarro : But going by the starboard side is faster.
Nhng ®i bªn m¹n ph¶i th× nhanh h¬n.
A/Off : You’re right, but it’s more dangerous walking on the starboard side.
Lumps of ore could fall through a gap in the grab. You’d be seriously
injured if a lump hits you. It could even kill you. Even when the grab is
still on shore, it’s hard to walk on the deck because it gets covered with
ore.
§óng thÕ, nhng ®i bªn ph¶i sÏ nguy hiÓm h¬n. C¸c khèi quÆng cã thÓ r¬i xuèng
qua kho¶ng trèng trªn gÇu xóc. Anh sÏ bÞ th¬ng nÆng nÕu bÞ r¬i tróng. Nã thËm
chÝ cã thÓ giÕt chÕt anh. Ngay c¶ khi gÇu xóc vÉn cßn ë trªn bê, ®i trªn boong lµ
rÊt khã v× nã bÞ phñ ®Çy quÆng.
Avarro : I see. I’ll be sure to walk on the port side. I have to remember that there
are many dangerous things on board.
T«i hiÓu råi. T«i sÏ ®i bªn m¹n tr¸i. T«i sÏ ph¶i nhí lµ cã rÊt nhiÒu mèi nguy hiÓm
trªn tµu.
A/Off : You may not believe, but there was an accident like that on a container
ship just recently. A lashing worker from the shore fell from the top of
the bulwark. And he was very experienced. The wire in his hand
swung him around, and he lost his balance. He was taken to the hospital
by ambulance, but the accident nearly cost him his life. He fell on the
wharf right by the gangway that the crew uses to go on shore.
Fortunately, no one was there when he fell. Another time, a hatch cover
dropped from a gantry crane onto the wharf while it was being
transferred from a container ship. They were lucky that nobody was
injured in that accident, either.
Anh cã thÓ kh«ng tin, nhng ®· cã mét tai n¹n nh vËy trªn mét tµu c«ng-t¬-n¬ võa
míi gÇn ®©y. Mét c«ng nh©n dì hµng tõ trªn bê lªn bÞ r¬i xuèng tõ thµnh tµu. Dï
anh ta ®· cã rÊt nhiÒu kinh nghiÖm. Sîi d©y trong tay anh ta ®· lµm anh ta quay
®i, vµ anh ta mÊt th¨ng b»ng. Anh ta ®· ®îc ®a tíi bÖnh viÖn b»ng xe cøu th¬ng
nhng vô tai n¹n suýt n÷a ®· lÊy m¹ng anh ta. Anh ta ®· r¬i xuèng cÇu tµu ngay bªn
c¹nh cÇu thang m¹n mµ c¸c thuyÒn viªn sö dông ®Ó ®i lªn bê. May m¾n thay,
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kh«ng cã ai ë díi khi anh ta r¬i xuèng. Mét lÇn kh¸c, mét n¾p hÇm hµng bÞ r¬i tõ
cÇn cÈu thùc tËp xuèng cÇu tµu trong khi nã ®ang ®îc dÞch chuyÓn tõ mét tµu
c«ng-t¬-n¬. Hä ®· may m¾n v× còng kh«ng cã ai bÞ th¬ng trong tai n¹n ®ã.
Avarro : Which means I must always pay attention to what’s under and over me!
§iÒu ®ã cã nghÜa lµ t«i ph¶i lu«n lu«n ®Ó ý ®Õn nh÷ng g× ë trªn vµ ë díi m×nh!
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Unit 34 Dangers on a Tanker (CD2-3)
Nh÷ng mèi nguy hiÓm trªn tµu dÇu
C/Off : Because you are new on the tanker, let’s begin this training session with
the basics. Refer to the green brochure Safety on a Tanker. Well, what
kinds of dangers do you think are lurking on a tanker?
V× anh míi lªn tµu dÇu, h·y b¾t ®Çu c«ng ®o¹n thùc tËp nµy tõ nh÷ng ®iÒu c¬
b¶n. H·y tham kh¶o cuèn sæ tay tµu dÇu. Nµo, theo anh th× nh÷ng mèi nguy hiÓm
lo¹i nµo tiÒm Èn trªn tµu dÇu?
Cruz : Fire? The gas from the crude oil could ignite and start a fire.
Löa ph¶i kh«ng? H¬i dÇu th« cã thÓ bÐn löa vµ bèc ch¸y.
Santos : An even worse case is an explosion.
Trêng hîp tåi tÖ h¬n n÷a lµ næ.
C/Off : That’s right. The tanks are filled with crude-oil vapor, and when the
oil is being loaded, it could spill onto the deck. The vapor, or
hydrocarbon gas, is very dangerous. You should never carry matches
or lighters while on the deck. You may not even carry them to your
cabins.
§óng vËy. C¸c kÐt chøa ®Çy h¬i dÇu th«, vµ khi dÇu ®îc n¹p, nã cã thÓ trµn lªn
trªn boong. H¬i, hoÆc khÝ hydr« c¸c-bon rÊt nguy hiÓm. Anh kh«ng bao giê ®îc
mang diªm hoÆc bËt löa khi ë trªn boong. Anh thËm chÝ kh«ng ®îc mang chóng
vµo phßng ë.
Cruz : I guess that’s why we should smoke only in designated areas. There
are matches there, and the ashtrays are filled with water. I smoke now,
but I’ve made up my mind to quit smoking. It will be better for my
health, too.
T«i ®o¸n ch¾c v× thÕ mµ chóng ta chØ nªn hót thuèc t¹i khu vùc ®· chØ ®Þnh. ë
®ã cã diªm, vµ g¹t tµn cã níc. T«i ®ang hót thuèc nhng t«i võa quyÕt t©m bá thuèc
l¸. §iÒu ®ã còng sÏ tèt h¬n cho søc khoÎ.
C/Off : What are some other dangers?
ThÕ cßn nh÷ng mèi nguy hiÓm kh¸c lµ g×?
Cruz : Since we use inert gas, there could be a shortage of oxygen.
Do chóng ta sö dông hÖ thèng khÝ tr¬, cã thÓ sÏ cã sù thiÕu hôt «xy.
C/Off : Actually, there is little oxygen in the tanks. We are not too affected by
inert gas on deck except while performing specific tasks, such as gas
freeing. Toxicity hazards caused by crude oil gas are more likely to
happen.
ThËt ra, cã lîng nhá khÝ «xy trong c¸c kÐt. Chóng ta kh«ng bÞ ¶nh hëng nhiÒu bëi
khÝ tr¬ ë trªn boong ngo¹i trõ khi thùc hiÖn c¸c nhiÖm vô ®Æc biÖt, ch¼ng h¹n nh
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tÈy khÝ. C¸c mèi nguy hiÓm ®éc h¹i g©y ra bëi h¬i dÇu th« hay x¶y ra.
Santos : I’ve heard that a small quantity of crude oil gas isn’t too dangerous.
T«i nghe nãi r»ng mét lîng h¬i dÇu th« nhá th× kh«ng qu¸ nguy hiÓm.
C/Off : That’s true, but crude oil that contains a lot of hydrogen sulfide is
dangerous. It could paralyze you if you inhale it.
§óng thÕ, nhng dÇu th« mµ cã nhiÒu hydr« sun-phÝt th× nguy hiÓm. Nã cã thÓ
g©y tª liÖt nÕu anh hÝt ph¶i.
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Unit 35 Tanker Fires and Explosions (CD2-4)
Ch¸y næ trªn tµu dÇu
C/Off : Let’s talk more about fire and explosions. Flammable gas, alone,
doesn’t cause explosions.
Chóng ta h·y nãi thªm vÒ ch¸y næ tµu dÇu. Khi chØ cã mét m×nh khÝ dÔ ch¸y th×
kh«ng g©y ra ch¸y næ.
Cruz : You mean there must be oxygen, too?
ý anh lµ ph¶i cã oxi ph¶i kh«ng?
Santos : And also a source of ignition.
Vµ cÇn c¶ nguån nhiÖt.
C/Off : You’re right. But what is more important, however, is their
concentration. What I am about to tell you is a little advanced, but we
have to discuss it so you are aware of the dangers.
Anh nãi ®óng. Tuy nhiªn ®iÒu quan träng h¬n lµ nång ®é cña chóng. Nh÷ng g×
t«i nãi víi anh sÏ n©ng cao mét chót nhng chóng ta ph¶i bµn luËn vÒ nã ®Óanh
nhËn thøc ®îcc¸c mèi nguy hiÓm.
Cruz : Are you talking about LEL or UEL?
Anh ®ang nãi vÒ LEL hay UFL?
C/Off : Yes. First of all, petroleum gas consists of many different substances.
Each of these has different properties. That’s why the ICS has defined
UEL or UFL as a 10 percent concentration, and LEL or LFL as one
percent.
§óng thÕ. Tríc tiªn, h¬i x¨ng dÇu gåm nhiÒu thµnh phÇn kh¸c nhau. Mçi thµnh
phÇn nµy cã c¸c thuéc tÝnh kh¸c nhau. §iÒu ®ã lý gi¶i t¹i sao ICS ®· ®Þnh nghÜa
UEL hay UFL lµ nång ®é 10%, vµ LEL hay LFL lµ 1%.
Santos : That means that the petroleum gas won’t explode unless the gas
concentration isn’t within that range.
§iÒu ®ã cã nghÜa lµ h¬i x¨ng dÇu sÏ kh«ng næ trõ khi nång ®é cña nã kh«ng n»m
trong ph¹m vi trªn.
C/Off : Exactly. And an oxygen concentration of 11 percent is also necessary.
Even if the petroleum gas concentration is in the explosion range, there
can be no explosion if the oxygen concentration is less than 11 percent.
ChÝnh x¸c. Vµ nång ®é oxi 11% còng lµ cÇn thiÕt. ThËm chÝ nÕu nång ®é h¬i
x¨ng dÇu ë trong ph¹m vi næ, nÕu nång ®é oxi nhá h¬n 11% th× còng kh«ng næ.
Santos : So that’s why the inert gas sent to the tanks has an oxygen
concentration of less than 8 percent.
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Do vËy, ®ã lµ lý do t¹i sao khÝ tr¬ ®îc ®a vµo hÇm hµng cã nång ®é oxi nhá h¬n 8%.
C/Off : The most dangerous problem with the tanks is static electricity. But if
the tanks are filled with the proper amount of inert gas, we don’t have
to worry about static electricity.
VÊn ®Ò nguy hiÓm nhÊt víi c¸c hÇm hµng lµ sù tÝch ®iÖn. Nhng nÕu c¸c kÐt ®îc
b¬m lîng khÝ tr¬ thÝch hîp th× chóng ta kh«ng ph¶i lo l¾ng vÒ sù tÝch ®iÖn n÷a.
Cruz : Is it safe on deck?
ThÕ ë trªn boong cã an toµn kh«ng?
C/Off : The most important thing is to check for gas on deck when you are
chipping or welding. That’s why proper maintenance and good
communication between the deck crew and the engine crew is so
important.
§iÒu quan träng nhÊt lµ ph¶i kiÓm tra khÝ trªn boong khi anh gâ gØ hoÆc hµn.
§iÒu ®ã lý gi¶i t¹i sao viÖc b¶o dìng mét c¸ch thÝch hîp vµ sù ¨n ý gi÷a thñy thñ
boong víi thñy thñ m¸y lµ cùc kú quan träng.
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Unit 36 Toxicity Hazards on a Tanker (CD2-5)
Nh÷ng mèi nguy hiÓm tõ chÊt ®éc trªn tµu dÇu (CD 2-5)
C/Off : We will now talk more about toxic gas hazards and safety.
B©y giê chóng ta sÏ bµn thªm vÒ c¸c mèi nguy hiÓm tõ khÝ ®éc vµ sù an toµn.
Cruz : Is it hydrogen sulfide?
Nã cã ph¶i lµ khÝ hy®r« sunfua kh«ng?
C/Off : Most crude oil comes from wells with high levels of hydrogen sulfide.
But the level is usually reduced by a stabilization process before the
crude oil is loaded. If this systems fails, however, a tanker may load
with a higher-than-usual hydrogen sulfide content. Then special
adjustments must be made. Mexican or Quatar crude oil contains high
levels of hydrogen sulfide, which smells like rotten eggs. Be very
careful not to breathe it because it could paralyze you instantly. One
time, when we were at the ullage hole, a man lost consciousness after
inhaling the gas.
HÇu hÕt dÇu th« lÊy tõ c¸c giÕng dÇu víi nång ®é khÝ hy®r« sunfua rÊt cao. Nh-
ng nång ®é thêng ®îc gi¶m do qu¸ tr×nh æn ®Þnh tríc khi dÇu th« ®îc hót lªn. NÕu
hÖ thèng nµy háng, dï sao ®i n÷a, tµu dÇu cã thÓ nhËn dÇu víi nång ®é hy®r«
sunfua cao h¬n b×nh thêng. Sau ®ã ngêi ta ph¶i tiÕn hµnh ®iÒu chØnh mét c¸ch
®Æc biÖt. DÇu th« cña Mª-xi-c« hoÆc cña Quatar chøa nång ®é hy®r« sunfua,
mµ khÝ nµy ngöi nh mïi trøng thèi. ThËt cÈn thËn ®õng ®Ó tho¸t khÝ ®ã v× nã cã
thÓ lµm anh tª liÖt ngay. Mét lÇn, khi chóng t«i ë lç ®o chiÒu cao khoang trèng, cã
mét ngêi bÞ bÊt tØnh sau khi hÝt ph¶i khÝ ®ã.
Cruz : There must be some way to avoid this problem.
Ch¾c ch¾n ph¶i cã c¸ch nµo ®ã tr¸nh ®îc vÊn ®Ò nµy.
C/Off : We have pocket-sized detectors for hydrogen sulfide. You should
always have one with you. We are allowed to work when the
concentration is less than 10 ppm (pasts per million). If you detect more
gas than the 10 ppm allowed, you must be very careful.
Chóng ta cã m¸y dß khÝ hi®ro sunfua bá tói. Anh nªn lu«n lu«n cã mét c¸i theo
m×nh. Chóng ta ®îc phÐp lµm viÖc khi nång ®é thÊp h¬n 10 ppm. NÕu anh ph¸t
hiÖn ra nång khÝ lín h¬n lîng 10 ppm cho phÐp th× ph¶i cÈn thËn ®Êy.
Santos : That’s why I saw oxygen masks at the entrance of the Pump Room.
Should we use them in that case?
§iÒu ®ã lý gi¶i t¹i sao t«i nh×n thÊy mÆt n¹ «xi ë tríc lèi vµo phßng b¬m. Chóng ta
cã nªn sö dông chóng trong trêng hîp ®ã kh«ng?
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C/Off : Those masks are used when there is gas present or when there is a fire.
They are also useful in the Pump Room if a large amount of oil has
leaked and gas is escaping. But even with a mask on, it is still
dangerous if there is a lot of gas.
Ngêi ta dïng mÆt n¹ khi cã khÝ gas hoÆc cã ho¶ ho¹n. Chóng còng cã Ých ë trong
phßng b¬m nÕu khèi lîng dÇu lín bÞ rß vµ khÝ gas rß ra ngoµi. Nhng thËm chÝ
®eo mÆt n¹ råi vÉn nguy hiÓm nÕu trong ®ã cã qu¸ nhiÒu khÝ.
Toxic gas hazard(s): dangers associated with poisonous gases Mèi nguy hiÓm chÊt ®éc
Well(s): oil well, a hole drilled into the ground to draw out petroleum GiÕng dÇu
Reduced: decreased, made smaller in number or quantity Gi¶m
A stabilization process: a process for making something stable Qu¸ tr×nh æn ®Þnh
Rotten egg(s): eggs that have gone bad Trøng thèi
Instantly: promptly, right away, on the spot Ngay lËp tøc
Lost consciousness: a person losing sensory perception BÊt tØnh
Avoid: not to encounter or experience Tr¸nh
Detector(s): device used to find something M¸y dß t×m
Oxygen mask(s): a mask worn over the nose and mouth for supplying oxygen MÆt n¹ oxi
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Unit 37 Oxygen Deficiency
on a Coal-Ore Carrier (CD2-6)
Sù thiÕu Oxy trªn tµu chë quÆng than (CD 2-6)
Avarro : Well, we’re safe on this ship from accidental oxygen depravation,
because as a coal-ore carrier, it doesn’t have an inert gas system.
Nµy, chóng ta an toµn ë trªn tµu nµy tr¸nh ®îc tai ho¹ do sù thiÕu oxy, bëi v× lµ tµu
chë quÆng/ than, nã kh«ng cã hÖ thèng khÝ tr¬.
A/Off : That's crazy! This ship is especially dangerous.
ThËt ®iªn rå! Con tµu nµy ®Æc biÖt nguy hiÓm ®Êy.
Avarro : Really? Why is that?
ThËt µ? T¹i sao vËy?
A/Off : It’s very dangerous in the cofferdams, in the ballast tanks of the
double-bottom, and in the lower stools. Whenever coal is being
loaded, there is a danger of asphyxiation.
C¸c khoang c¸ch ly rÊt nguy hiÓm, bªn trong c¸c kÐt ball¸t cña ®¸y ®«i, vµ ë trong
c¸c m· gia cêng phÝa díi. BÊt cø khi nµo than ®îc bèc lªn tµu, lu«n cã mèi nguy
hiÓm ng¹t khÝ.
Avarro : Why is that? There must be enough oxygen, we go down there all the
time.
T¹i sao l¹i nh thÕ? Ch¾c ch¾n lµ cã ®ñ oxy mµ, chóng t«i thêng xuyªn xuèng khu vùc
®ã.
A/Off : It’s rust. Oxygen is consumed when iron rusts. This uses up the oxygen
over time. You have to take special care and measure the oxygen
detectors, not just once. And you must have enough ventilation.
§ã lµ do rØ s¾t. Oxi bÞ hÊp thô khi s¾t bÞ gØ. §iÒu nµy tiªu hao lîng oxy liªn tôc.
Anh ph¶i ®Æc biÖt quan t©m vµ ®o nång ®é «xy b»ng thiÕt bÞ ®o, kh«ng chØ
mét lÇn. Vµ anh ph¶i cã ®ñ sù th«ng giã n÷a.
Avarro : How do you ventilate without a fan?
Lµm thÕ nµo anh th«ng giã ®îc khi kh«ng cã qu¹t?
A/Off : We keep the manholes open for a day or more. It’s natural ventilation.
For double-bottom tanks, we open both the fore and aft holes to let the
air in. Coal catches fire easily. And fire lowers the level of oxygen and
raises the level of carbon dioxide.
Chóng t«i ®Ó lç ®Ønh kÐt më suèt mét ngµy hoÆc nhiÒu h¬n. Nã lµ sù th«ng giã
tù nhiªn. Víi c¸c kÐt ®¸y ®«i, chóng t«i më c¶ c¸c lç phÝa tríc vµ phÝa sau ®Ó cho
khÝ vµo. Than dÔ dµng bÐn löa. Vµ ngän löa lµm gi¶m nång ®é oxy vµ lµm t¨ng
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nång ®é khÝ cacbon ®i«xit.
Avarro : That’s scary.
ThËt ®¸ng sî.
A/Off : Yes, it is. Two seamen died once in a lower stool because of a shortage
of oxygen. If they had measured the oxygen properly, placed a watch
on deck and prepared their breathing apparatuses, they would be alive
today.
§óng vËy ®Êy. Hai ngêi ®· chÕt cïng mét lóc ë mét m· gia cêng phÝa díi do bÞ ng¹t
v× thiÕu oxy. NÕu hä ®o lîng oxy mét c¸ch ®óng ®¾n, Cö ngêi trùc trªn mÆt
boong vµ chuÈn bÞ c¸c thiÕt bÞ thë, th× cã thÓ h«m nay hä vÉn cßn sèng.
14
Unit 38 Safety Training on the Forecastle (CD2-7)
HuÊn luyÖn an toµn ë trªn boong mòi (CD 2-7)
Forecastle: upper deck of a ship located at the bow Boong thîng tÇng
Bow-chain stopper: a device for stopping a bow chain ThiÕt bÞ h·m xÝch neo mòi tµu
Clamp: to hold down or hold steady, a device for holding something in place H·m chÆt
Messenger rope: a rope used for hauling a cable = messenger line, a smaller rope to guide a
larger rope or cable D©y måi, d©y nhá ®Ó dÉn mét d©y lín h¬n hoÆc dÉn d©y c¸p
Panama hole: a mooring hole for leading a rope or cable Lç dÉn híng
Keep an eye on…: to keep close watch, to pay attention to… §Ó m¾t tíi, quan s¸t
Rope stopper: a device for stopping and stabilizing a rope ThiÕt bÞ ®Ó dõng hoÆc ®Ó ®¶m b¶o
sù æn ®Þnh cho d©y.
Many have lost their lives…: many people have been killed PhÇn lín ®· mÊt m¹ng
Tug lines: a rope or cable used for hauling something or tugging a ship C¸c d©y kÐo
Warping end: the twisted end of a rope or cable §Çu cuèn d©y cña m¸y cuèn d©y
Capstan: device used for lifting a heavy material (by winding a cable) Têi
16
Unit 39 Using the Accommodation ladder (CD2-8)
Sö dông cÇu thang m¹n (CD 2-8)
2/Off : Ramos, OK stop. The waves are high, so I’ll lower it when the boat
comes closer.
Ramos, §îc råi, dõng l¹i. Sãng rÊt cao, v× thÕ t«i sÏ h¹ nã xuèng khi ®ß ®Õn gÇn
h¬n.
Ramos : Yes, sir.
V©ng, tha ngµi.
17
3/Off : Second Officer, we're almost level. Can we transfer now?
Phã Hai, chóng ta gÇn møc nhau råi ®Êy. Chóng t«i cã thÓ sang ®îc cha?
2/Off : Are there guests on board?
Cã kh¸ch ë trªn ®ß µ?
3/Off : Yes, two women.
§óng vËy, hai ngêi phô n÷.
2/Off : You help them onto the boat, and I’ll help them from here. Tell them to
take their time. Show them how to transfer when the boat is coming up
and not when it is about to go down. And don’t let them carry their
luggage. I will give you a rope later so we can carry the bags up.
Anh gióp hä ë trªn ®ß, cßn t«i sÏ gióp hä tõ ®©y. H·y b¶o hä tõ tõ th«i. Nãi cho hä
c¸ch ®Ó sang khi ®ß lªn cao vµ kh«ng ®îc sang khi ®ß xuèng. Vµ kh«ng cho hä
x¸ch hµnh lý theo. L¸t n÷a, t«i sÏ ®a anh mét sîi d©y vµ chóng ta sÏ kÐo c¸c tói lªn.
3/Off : Yes, sir. Let’s go!
V©ng. B¾t ®Çu th«i!
Accommodation ladder: a ladder used for boarding or leaving a ship Thang lªn tµu, cÇu tµu
Sheltered from: protected from the effects of … Tr¸nh ®îc
Safety vest: inflatable jacket or vest that will keep a person floating when cast into water ¸o
phao
Wing lights: lamp found on the ship’s wings §Ìn m¹n
We’re almost level: we are almost of the same height Chóng ta gÇn møc nhau
Transfer: to move over, to change over ChuyÓn (dêi)
Luggage: suitcase or other cases carried by a traveler Hµnh lý
18
Unit 40 Safety on the Stairway (CD2-9)
An toµn khi ®i trªn cÇu thang
19
parts, I saw a big wooden box about two meters long, 50 centimeters
wide and one meter high. What’s it for, and what’s inside of it?
V©ng, tha tha ngµi. TiÖn ®©y, khi t«i ë trong kho t×m mét vµi phô tïng thay thÕ,
t«i nh×n thÊy mét hép gç lín dµi 2 m, réng 50 cm vµ cao 1m. Nã ®Ó lµm g× vËy,vµ
bªn trong nã cã g× vËy?
1/Eng : It’s an old valve that has to be landed at the next dry dock. We
replaced it with a new one during our last voyage.
Nã lµ mét van cò mµ ph¶i thay ë ô næi s¾p tíi. Chóng t«i ®· thay thÕ nã b»ng c¸i
míi trong chuyÕn ®i tríc.
Stairway: set of steps for moving up or down the different floor levels CÇu thang
Handrail: a railing to hold onto for better balance or support Tay vÞn
Keep your balance: not to fall, maintain an upright posture Gi÷ th¨ng b»ng
Flashlight: small portable lamp §Ìn x¸ch tay
Take your time: don’t rush, don’t hurry Tõ tõ
Landed: stopped, positioned §îc thay thÕ
Dry dock: a pool-like structure where water can be emptied to repair a ship ô næi
Replaced: changed with something else §îc thay thÕ
20
Unit 41 Safety in the Galley (CD2-10)
An toµn trong nhµ bÕp
22
Unit 42 Safety in the Cabin (CD2-1)
Sù an toµn ë trong cabin (CD 2-1)
Cruz : (Rush into Santos’s cabin) What happened? I heard a loud noise!
(X« cöa vµo trong phßng Santos) ChuyÖn g× ®· x¶y ra thÕ? T«i ®· nghe thÊy mét
tiÕng ®éng lín!
Santos : That was close! I was standing on a chair trying to change a light bulb,
and the chair moved and I fell down. These waves are really big.
T«i võa bÞ ng·! T«i ®ang ®øng trªn c¸i ghÕ tùa cè g¾ng thay c¸i bãng ®Ìn, th× c¸i
ghÕ trît ®i vµ t«i ®· ng· xuèng nÒn. Nh÷ng c¬n sãng to thËt ®Êy.
Cruz : Are you hurt?
Anh cã bÞ ®au kh«ng?
Santos : I’m OK, but I fell hard on my arm. And the light bulb is smashed.
T«i æn th«i, nhng t«i c¶m thÊy ®au ë tay. Vµ c¸i bãng ®Ìn vì vôn råi.
Cruz : I’ll help you clean up.
T«i sÏ gióp anh dän dÑp.
Santos : Thanks, but I’ll take care of it. It was stupid of me to stand on a chair
in such rough seas.
C¶m ¬n, nhng ®Ó t«i lµm. T«i thËt ngèc khi ®øng trªn ghÕ trong khi biÓn ®éng
nh vËy.
Cruz : That reminds me of the Second Officer. He went on his watch, and
when he came back to his cabin, his bottle of whiskey had fallen on the
floor and broke. He couldn’t sleep because of the smell.
§iÒu ®ã nh¾c t«i nhí ®Õn Phã hai. ¤ng Êy ®i nhËn ca, vµ khi «ng ta quay l¹i
phßng cña «ng Êy, chai rîu Whiskey ®· r¬i xuèng sµn tù bao giê vµ vì tan. ¤ng ta ®·
kh«ng thÓ ngñ ®îc v× mïi rîu.
Santos : That’s too bad. Actually, the sea wasn’t so rough at midnight when the
Second Officer started his watch, but it was terrible by morning.
TÖ thËt. Thùc ra, biÓn kh«ng qu¸ ®éng vµo gi÷a ®ªm khi Phã hai b¾t ®Çu ca trùc,
nhng nã rÊt kinh khñng khi gÇn s¸ng.
Cruz : The Second Officer was worrying about his bottle of whiskey, but he
couldn’t return to his cabin while on duty.
Phã hai ®· lo l¾ng vÒ c¸i chai Whiskey ®ã, nhng «ng ta kh«ng thÓ vÒ phßng cña
«ng ta ®îc khi ®ang trùc ca.
Santos : He also said that he lost his favorite pen because of the ship rocking so
much.
¤ng ta còng nãi r»ng ong Êy ®· mÊt c¸i bót yªu thÝch chØ v× biÓn ®éng qu¸.
Cruz : How did that happen?
Sao chuyÖn ®ã l¹i x¶y ra ®îc?
23
Santos : After writing to his wife last night, he left the pen on his deck. It rolled
off the desk and fell into the trashcan. He threw away his garbage this
morning not knowing the pen was inside.
§ªm qua, sau khi viÕt th cho vî, «ng ta ®Ó c¸i bót lªn bµn lµm viÖc. Nã l¨n ra khái
c¸i bµn vµ r¬i vµo thïng r¸c. ¤ng Êy ®· ®æ r¸c lóc s¸ng nay mµ kh«ng biÕt r»ng c¸i
bót ë trong ®ã.
Cruz : What a shame!
ThËt ®¸ng tiÕc!
That was close!: I almost hurt myself! Oh, I barely managed to escape harm! T«i tù lµm m×nh
®au (bÞ ng·)
Light bulb: electric light with a glowing filament inside Bãng ®Ìn
Hurt: to get injured BÞ ®au
Smashed: broken into small bits Vì vôn
It was stupid of me …: I was stupid to do such a thing … T«i thËt ngèc
…went on his watch: started his shift of duty ®i nhËn ca
On duty: working, not resting ®ang trùc, ®ang lµm nhiÖm vô
Rolled off: moved off in a rolling motion L¨n trßn (ra khái c¸i g× ®ã)
Trashcan: a garbage can, a container for thrown out waste (thïng r¸c)
Garbage: food waste, trash, worthless thing R¸c
What a shame!: a great disappointment ThËt ®¸ng tiÕc
24
Chapter 4. Health and Hygiene
Søc khoÎ vµ vÖ sinh
Perez : Assistance Officer, will you give me some liquid soap for the toilet in
front of the COC?
Tha sü quan tËp sù, anh cã thÓ cho t«i mét Ýt xµ phßng níc ®Ó dïng trong nhµ vÖ
sinh tríc buång ®iÒu khiÓn lµm hµng ®îc kh«ng?
A/Off : Sure, I’ll go and get some.
§îc, t«i sÏ ®i lÊy mét Ýt.
Perez : It goes quickly because everybody always washes their hands.
Nã hÕt nhanh v× mäi ngêi lu«n lu«n röa tay.
A/Off : Well, we are always worried about food poisoning and infection on
board, so the steward crew wash their hands before they start cooking.
One Chief Steward has his crew was their hand whenever they enter the
galley.
Ph¶i, chóng t«i lu«n lo ng¹i vÒ vÊn ®Ò nhiÔm khuÈn vµ ngé ®éc thùc phÈm, do
®ã c¸c qu¶n trÞ thêng röa tay tríc khi nÊu ¨n. Mét qu¶n trÞ trëng b¾t c¸c qu¶n trÞ
viªn cña «ng ta röa tay bÊt cø khi nµo vµo nhµ bÕp.
Perez : That makes sense.
§iÒu ®ã kh¸ lµ hîp lý.
A/Off : Once, a mess boy was cleaning the galley with his pants rolled up.
When he finished cleaning, he rolled his pants down and served a dish
without washing his hands first. He got into a lot of trouble for that.
Cã mét lÇn, mét phôc vô viªn ®ang lau nhµ bÕp vµ x¾n quÇn lªn. Khi anh ta hoµn
thµnh c«ng viÖc, anh ta h¹ quÇn xuèng vµ phôc vô b÷a ¨n mµ kh«ng röa tay tríc.
Anh ta ®· ph¶i chÞu rÊt nhiÒu phiÒn phøc v× ®iÒu ®ã.
Perez : Sanitation is important on board.
ViÖc vÖ sinh lµ rÊt quan träng trªn tµu.
A/Off : We always have to be careful. Viruses travel very easily through
human contact.
Chóng ta lu«n ph¶i cÈn thËn. Vi khuÈn l©y rÊt dÔ qua ®êng tiÕp xóc cña con ngêi.
Perez : There is no doctor on board so we must all pay attention to our hygiene.
Kh«ng cã b¸c sÜ ë trªn tµu nªn chóng ta ®Òu ph¶i chó ý ®Õn sù vÖ sinh cña chóng ta
th«i.
A/Off : Recently, many people were sick with O-157 bacterial infection. It
25
cannot be washed away without soap. It would be really bad if that
bacteria appeared on board. It has been a problem in Japan.
GÇn ®©y, nhiÒu ngêi bÞ èm do nhiÔm khuÈn O-157. Nã kh«ng thÓ bÞ tÈy ®i mµ
kh«ng cã xµ phßng. SÏ rÊt lµ tåi tÖ nÕu vi khuÈn ®ã xuÊt hiÖn trªn tµu. Nã ®· tõng
lµ mét vÊn ®Ò nan gi¶i ë NhËt B¶n.
Perez : I’ll make sure to always wash my hands.
T«i ch¾c ch¾n sÏ lu«n lu«n röa tay.
26
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Talking to myself: mumbling or mutter in an inaudible voice Tù nãi chuyÖn mét m×nh
Rest of: remainder, all of the other people Nh÷ng ngêi kh¸c
Ceiling(s): the top-most part of a room TrÇn nhµ
Tar: dark, oily, sticky substance made mainly of hydrocarbons Cao thuèc l¸
Nicotine: colorless, poisonous substance from a tobacco plant Nic«tin
Oil stains: dirty spots made by spilt oil VÕt dÇu
Corridor(s): passage, hallway Hnµh lang
Peeling off: coming off in thin flakes or sheets Trãc, bong ra
Rotten: spoilt, something gone bad. (bÞ) Môc n¸t, háng
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then mop again.
NÕu cã nh÷ng vÕt dÇu hoÆc mì, dïng xµ phßng kh«ng pha hoÆc chÊt pha s¬n, vµ sau
®ã lau s¹ch l¹i lÇn n÷a.
Perez : Should we polish the doorknobs?
Chóng t«i cã ph¶i ®¸nh bãng tay vÆn cöa kh«ng?
A/Off : After you finish mopping.
Sau khi anh lau s¹ch xong.
Avarro : Assistant Officer, I finished mopping the floor. Shall I go down one deck?
Tha sÜ quan tËp sù, t«i lau xong sµn råi. T«i xuèng tiÕp boong díi ®îc kh«ng?
A/Off : Not yet. We should take a break. Avarro, will you go to the COC and
make some coffee for us?
Cha ®©u. Chóng ta nªn nghØ ng¬i. Avarro, anh ®i ®Õn phßng ®iÒu khiÓn lµm hµng
vµ pha Ýt cµ phª cho chóng t«i ®îc kh«ng?
Avarro : Yes, sir. I’ll carry down these sponges to the next deck on my way to the
COC.
V©ng tha ngµi, trªn ®uêng xuèng phßng ®iÒu khiÓn lµm hµng t«i mang nh÷ng miÕng
giÎ nµy tíi boong tiÕp theo lu«n.
A/Off : Thank you.
C¸m ¬n.
Fluorescent lamp(s): a lamp made of a glowing glass tube; glowing is caused by discharged
electrons §Ìn huúnh quang
Undiluted: full strength or concentrated Nguyªn chÊt, kh«ng pha lo·ng
Thinner: usu. turpentine or similar liquids used to dilute paint, etc. ChÊt pha lo·ng (s¬n)
Rinse: to wash off with a lot of water or other liquids Tr¸ng qua, röa qua
Dirt: ground, soil, filthy substances Bôi b¼n
Mop: to clean or wipe until something shines; buff Lau s¹ch
Take a break: stop work and rest (usu. for a short while) NghØ ng¬i
On my way: just going to do something TiÖn ®êng, trªn ®êng tíi..
30
Trung t©m huÊn luyÖn vµ båi dìng nghiÖp vô hµng h¶i
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(Today is a day off. The Assistance Officer is knocking at Perez’s door. Perez
answers.)
(H«m nay lµ ngµy nghØ. SÜ quan thùc tËp sù ®ang gâ cöa phßng Perez. Perez tr¶ lêi.)
31
drawers under the beds to see if there is mouse excrement. So you must
keep them clean.
Cã chø. Thanh tra lu«n kiÓm tra phßng ë. Hä lu«n kiÓm tra c¸c gÇm giêng ®Ó xem
cã ph©n chuét kh«ng. Do vËy anh ph¶i gi÷ chóng s¹ch sÏ.
Perez : I understand. I will vacuum the whole cabin today.
T«i biÐt råi. H«m nay t«i sÏ hót bôi toµn bé phßng ë.
A/Off : Good. A clean room is better for your health.
Tèt. Phßng ë s¹ch lµ tèt h¬n søc kháe cho anh ®Êy.
Pigpen: a pen for keeping pigs in, a dirty or untidy place. Chuång heo
De-ratting inspection: a check to see that rats are not around Thanh tra diÖt chuét
Sanitation: promoting public health VÖ sinh
Cockroach(es): common household pest Con gi¸n
Dropping(s): excrement Ph©n
Inspector(s): examiner Ngêi thanh tra, ngêi kiÓm tra
Excrement: animal or insect droppings, bodily waste Ph©n
Vacuum: to clean with vacuum suction pressure Hót bôi
32
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Ramos : What’s that floating in the water? It looks like oil, doesn’t it? That’s
terrible! Who would do such a thing?
C¸i g× ®ang tr«i trªn mÆt níc thÕ? Tr«ng nã nh dÇu, ph¶i kh«ng? ThËt khñng
khiÕp! Ai lµm viÖc ®ã?
2/Off : I bet it’s the ballast discharge from another ship cleaning their tank.
How awful!
T«i cho r»ng ®Êy lµ níc ballat tõ tµu nµo ®ã röa kÐt ch¶y ra. ThËt kinh khñng!
Ramos : Do you think that it will wash away?
¤ng cã nghÜ r»ng nh÷ng vÕt dÇu ®ã cã röa s¹ch hÕt kh«ng?
2/Off : In the deep sea, everyone thinks that everything will wash away, but
thinking like that is spoiling the sea. Nature is being destroyed. And it’s
only because of oil spills.
Trong vïng biÓn s©u, mäi ngêi nghÜ r»ng nh÷ng vÕt dÇu ®ã sÏ tan ®i, nhng nghÜ
nh thÕ lµ lµm « nhiÔm biÓn. Thiªn nhiªn ®ang bÞ tµn ph¸. Vµ nã chØ v× dÇu trµn.
Ramos : Yes, I saw a lot of plastic bottles floating around, too.
V©ng, t«i còng ®· thÊy rÊt nhiÒu chai nhùa ®ang tr«i næi xung quanh ®©y.
2/Off : It is forbidden to dispose of anything in the water when in a harbor.
MARPOL imposes disposal rules for oily wastes, bilge, and daily
wastes to prevent marine pollution. Our disposal standards on board
meet these rules.
Khi ë trong c¶ng, ngêi ta cÊm vøt mäi thø xuèng biÓn. Marpol ®a ra nh÷ng ®iÒu
luËt vÒ ®æ r¸c xuèng biÓn nh dÇu cÆn, níc d»n tµu, vµ níc bÈn hµng ngµy ®Ó
ng¨n chÆn « nhiÔm biÓn. Nh÷ng tiªu chuÈn vÒ ®æ r¸c trªn tµu ta phï hîp víi nh÷ng
®iÒu luËt ®ã.
Ramos : That’s why we separate the plastic from the rest of the garbage and
incinerate it in the Engine Room. Then we discharge the ashes at least
three miles away from the nearest land.
Dã lµ lý do t¹i sao chóng ta ph©n lo¹i chÊt dÎo tõ nh÷ng r¸c cßn l¹i vµ ®èt nã trong
buång m¸y. Sau ®ã chóng ta vøt tro ph¶i c¸ch ®Êt liÒn Ýt nhÊt 3 dÆm.
2/Off : Right. But the standards in the United States are even more strict.
33
Disposal of anything in the sea is prohibited within their exclusive
economic zone, that is, within 200 miles of their coast.
§óng. Nhng theo chuÈn cña Mü th× cßn nghiªm kh¾c h¬n. Trong vïng ®Æc quyÒn
kinh tÕ ngêi ta cÊm vøt mäi thø xuèng biÓn trong kho¶ng c¸ch c¸ch bê biÓn lµ 200
dÆm.
Ramos : So we should never throw garbage into the sea.
Do vËy chóng ta kh«ng bao giê nªn vøt r¸c xuèng biÓn.
2/Off : Exactly, not even a beer can or a cigarettes butt.
ChÝnh x¸c, kÓ c¶ lon bia hay cuèng thuèc l¸.
Ballast: seawater carried in a ship’s tank to maintain a good balance, seawater used to flush
the tanks in this case. Níc ballat
Discharge: eliminate, something thrown away Vøt bá
Awful: terrible, very bad or unfavorable Khñng khiÕp
Plastic bottles: bottles made of plastic Chai nhùa
… is forbidden: … is not allowed, is not permitted CÊm
dispose of … : to throw away, to get rid of Vøt ®i, lo¹i bá
MARPOL: International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships C«ng íc quèc
tÕ vÒ phßng tr¸nh « nhiÔm do tµu biÓn
Bilge: in this case used to mean bilge water, dirty water that collects in the ship’s bilge
(lowest inner part of a ship’s hull) Níc la-canh
Marine pollution: making the sea dirty, polluting the sea ¤ nhiÔm biÓn
Separate: not together T¸ch riªng
Incinerate: to burn, to dispose of something by burning §èt ch¸y
Is prohibited: something is not allowed BÞ cÊm
Exclusive economic zone: a territorial water claimed by a government Vïng ®Æc quyÒn kinh
tÕ
Cigarette butt: unburned end of a cigarette Cuèng thuèc l¸
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have anything clean to wear anymore.
T«i rÊt bËn vµ t«i kh«ng ®i giÆt nhiÒu ®îc. T«i kh«ng cã quÇn ¸o s¹ch nµo ®Ó
mÆc c¶.
Cruz : You have to stay clean or you’ll get sick. No matter how busy you are,
you should always wash your clothes.
Anh ph¶i ë s¹ch nÕu kh«ng anh sÏ èm mÊt. Dï anh bËn ®Õn ®©u ch¨ng n÷a, anh
còng nªn giÆt quÇn ¸o thêng xuyªn.
Santos : I know, I was just lazy. I won’t let it happen again.
T«i biÕt, t«i chØ lêi mét chót th«i. T«i sÏ kh«ng ®Ó chuyÖn ®ã x¶y ra n÷a.
In the spin cycle: laundry is being dried by the spin dryer of a washing machine Trong chÕ ®é
v¾t
Rinsing: clean or washing with a lot of liquid ChÕ ®é giò
Wasteful: causing or making a lot of waste L·ng phÝ
Evaporator: a machine for turning something into vapor M¸y chng cÊt níc
Detergent: a chemical used for washing and cleaning Bét giÆt, chÊt tÈy röa
Laundry: clothes that need to washed or are being washed QuÇn ¸o ®· giÆt xong
Scoop: a cup-full, a shovel-like tool Mét th×a ®Çy
Break(s) down: a substance changing into simpler or basic units Ph©n hñy
Hang up: to suspend (to let air dry in this case), to hold downward Treo, ph¬i (quÇn ¸o)
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C.Stew : Definitely. Good health comes from a good diet, and unless you eat a
lot of fresh vegetables, your health will suffer.
Døt kho¸t råi. Søc kháe tèt cã tõ chÕ ®é ¨n uèng c©n b»ng, vµ trõ khi anh ¨n qu¸
nhiÒu rau, søc kháe cña anh míi sót ®i.
Perez : I know. Moderation, eating balance meals, and exercising regularly
are the basics of good health.
T«i biÕt. ¡n uèng ®iÒu ®é, ¨n uèng ®Çy ®ñ c¸c chÊt, vµ tËp thÓ dôc thêng xuyªn
lµ c¬ së cña søc kháe tèt.
Starving: very hungry (almost to be the point of death) RÊt ®ãi, ®ãi l¶
Chewing: to crush food well with the teeth Nhai
Preserve: to maintain in good condition B¶o qu¶n
Leftover: something left behind, not consumed or used up Kh«ng ¨n hÕt, ®å thõa, ®å bá l¹i
Nutritious: having a nutritional value ChÊt dinh dìng
Protein: basic component of living cells and an important nutrient Pr«tªin
Definitely: strongly, certainly Râ rµng, døt kho¸t
Moderation: not going to extremes, in a well-balanced way §iÒu ®é
Exercise regularly: to train or do sports on a regular basic TËp thÓ dôc thêng xuyªn
38
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Ramos : Excuse me, Second Officer. I have a stomachache. Can you give me some
medicine?
Xin lçi, phã hai. T«i bÞ ®au d¹ dµy. Anh cã thÓ cho t«i vµi viªn thuèc ®îc kh«ng?
2/Off : Let me see. (Examining the abdomen) Where does it hurt?
§Ó t«i xem nµo. (KiÓm tra vïng bông) Nã ®au ë ®©u?
Ramos : Here, in the lower part of my right side. It’s painful.
§©y, ë vïng díi bªn ph¶i t«i. Nã ®au l¾m.
2/Off : When did the pain start?
C¬n ®au b¾t ®Çu khi nµo?
Ramos : This morning. I have been trying to eat well and I have been chewing my
food more carefully under the advice of the Chief Steward.
S¸ng nay. T«i ®· thö ¨n ®iÒm ®¹m vµ t«i ®· nhai thøc ¨n kÜ h¬n nh lêi khuyªn cña BÕp
trëng.
2/Off : Do you have diarrhea?
Anh cã bÞ tiªu ch¶y kh«ng?
Ramos : No, not at all.
Kh«ng, cha bao giê.
2/Off : Do you have a fever? Let’s take your temperature.
Anh cã bÞ c¶m kh«ng? §Ó t«i ®o th©n nhiÖt cña anh xem.
Ramos : I don’t think I have a fever, but I should still check. (Taking his
temperature) The thermometer says 36.8 degrees.
T«i kh«ng nghÜ t«i bÞ c¶m, nhng t«i vÉn nªn kiÓm tra thö xem. (§o nhiÖt ®é) NhiÖt kÕ
chØ 36,8 ®é.
2/Off : I wonder what you have. Have you ever had appendicitis?
T«i ®ang b¨n kho¨n xem anh bÞ c¸i g×. Anh ®· bÞ viªm ruét thõa bao giê cha?
Ramos : No, I haven’t.
Cha bao giê.
2/Off : Then lie down on that sofa over there. (Checking his abdomen) Let me
know when it hurts.
VËy th× n»m xuèng ghÕ s«-fa kia. (KiÓm tra bông) H·y cho t«i biÕt khi nµo nã ®au.
39
Ramos : Ouch! Oh, right there!
Ouch! ¤i, ®óng chç ®ã ®Êy!
2/Off : OK, Let me try that again. Tell me if it’s still painful when I take my hand
off.
§îc råi, ®Ó t«i thö l¹i xem. H·y b¶o t«i nÕu nã vÉn cßn ®au khi t«i bá tay ra.
Ramos : Oh, it’s very painful right here.
¤i, ë ngay ®ã ®au l¾m.
2/Off : Maybe you have appendicitis. I’ll tell the Captain immediately.
Cã thÓ anh bÞ ®au ruét thõa. T«i sÏ b¶o ThuyÒn trëng ngay lËp tøc.
Ramos : What should I do?
T«i nªn lµm thÕ nµo b©y giê?
2/Off : Don’t worry. The Captain will send a fax to the Seamen’s Hospital in
Japan, and a doctor will send back instructions on what we should do.
§õng lo. ThuyÒn trëng sÏ göi b¶n fax tíi bÖnh viÖn thuû thñ ë NhËt B¶n, vµ b¸c sÜ sÏ
göi l¹i c¸c híng dÉn vÒ nh÷ng g× chóng ta ph¶i lµm.
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Cruz : Good morning. What’s the matter? You don’t seem to be feeling well.
Chµo buæi s¸ng. Cã chuyÖn g× vËy? Anh tr«ng nh kh«ng khoÎ.
Santos : Good morning. Yes, I have a headache.
Chµo anh. V©ng, t«i bÞ ®au ®Çu.
Cruz : You didn’t drink too much last night, did you? Do you have a cold?
Tèi qua anh ®©u cã uèng nhiÒu, ph¶i kh«ng? Anh cã bÞ c¶m l¹nh kh«ng?
Santos : I’m not sure. But I think I have a fever.
T«i kh«ng ch¾c l¾m. Nhng t«i nghÜ t«i bÞ sèt råi.
Cruz : That’s bad. You should tell the Second Officer.
TÖ thËt. Anh nªn nãi víi Phã hai th«i.
Santos : Excuse me, sir. I have a headache and I think I have a temperature.
Xin chµo ngµi. T«i bÞ ®au ®Çu vµ t«i nghÜ t«i bÞ sèt.
2/Off : I’m sorry to hear that. Let’s go to the dispensary and have a look. (At
the dispensary) Why don’t we take your temperature?
T«i rÊt tiÕc khi nghe vËy. H·y ®i tíi phßng kh¸m ®Ó kiÓm tra xem. (ë phßng kh¸m)
Chóng ta kiÓm tra th©n nhiÖt cña anh nhÐ?
Santos : OK.
§îc th«i.
2/Off : The thermometer says 37 degrees. Do you have a sore throat?
NhiÖt kÕ chØ 37 ®é. Anh cã bÞ ®au häng kh«ng?
Santos : No. But I’ve been very busy these days.
Kh«ng, nhng t«i ®· rÊt bËn trong mÊy ngµy gÇn ®©y.
2/Off : Do you sleep properly?
Anh ngñ ngon chø?
Santos : Yes, I mean, no. I don’t sleep so well. I was studying in the Engine
Control Room until late last night. I lay down on the sofa there and fell
asleep. When I woke up, it was two o’clock. So I went back to my cabin
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to go to bed.
V©ng, ý t«i lµ, kh«ng. T«i kh«ng ngñ thËt ngon. Tèi qua t«i ®· cè t×m hiÓu ë buång
®iÒu khiÓn m¸y cho tíi khuya. T«i n»m xuèng ghÕ s«-fa vµ thiÕp ngay ®i. Khi t«i
tØnh dËy, lóc ®ã lµ 2 giê s¸ng. Sau ®ã t«i quay l¹i phßng t«i vµ ®i ngñ tiÕp.
2/Off : It looks like you might have a cold. Not sleeping well, over-
exhaustion, and staying in an air-conditioned room must have made
you even more tired. I’ll give you some medicine for your cold and for
your headache. Here, take these.
Cã vÎ nh anh cã thÓ bÞ c¶m l¹nh. Ngñ kh«ng ngon, qu¸ mÖt mái, vµ ë trong phßng
cã ®iÒu hoµ ch¾c ch¾n thËm chÝ lµm cho anh cßn mÖt h¬n n÷a. T«i sÏ ®a cho
anh vµi viªn thuèc c¶m l¹nh vµ thuèc ®au ®Çu. §©y, anh h·y cÇm lÊy.
Santos : Thank you very much.
C¶m ¬n anh rÊt nhiÒu.
2/Off : This is the medicine for your cold. Take this after every meal. These
tablets are for your headache. Take one now. Then when you have
another headache, take another one. OK?
§©y lµ thuèc c¶m l¹nh. Uèng nã sau mçi b÷a ¨n. Nh÷ng viªn nµy lµ cho bÖnh ®au
®Çu. H·y uèng mét viªn ngay b©y giê. Sau ®ã, khi anh bÞ mét c¬n ®au ®Çu kh¸c,
h·y uèng mét viªn n÷a. §îc chø?
Santos : Yes, sir. Thank you.
V©ng, tha ngµi. C¶m ¬n ngµi.
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Santos : (To the Second Officer) Quick, sir! Hurry! The Wiper injured himself.
He was opening the elevator door when the ship rolled, and he got his
fingers caught in the door! Now he’s in the dispensary.
(Nãi víi Phã hai) Nhanh lªn, tha ngµi! Lµm ¬n ®i nhanh. Ngêi thî m¸y phô viÖc tù
m×nh lµm bÞ th¬ng råi. Anh ta ®ang më cöa thang m¸y th× tµu l¾c, vµ anh ta ®·
bÞ kÑp ngãn tay vµo cöa! B©y giê anh Êy ®ang ë phßng kh¸m.
2/Off : It sounds serious. I’ll go down there right away. How’s he feeling?
Nã nghe nghiªm träng qu¸. T«i sÏ xuèng ngay ®©y. Anh Êy c¶m thÊy thÕ nµo?
Santos : It’s a big cut and he’s bleeding a lot. It looked painful. It really shook
me up when I saw him.
§ã lµ vÕt c¾t lín vµ anh Êy ch¶y m¸u rÊt nhiÒu. Nã tr«ng cã vÎ ®au l¾m. T«i thùc
sù bÞ sèc khi nh×n thÊy anh ta.
2/Off : He hasn’t lost any fingers, has he?
Anh ta kh«ng bÞ mÊt ngãn tay nµo chø, ph¶i kh«ng?
Santos : I’m not sure, but I don’t think so.
T«i kh«ng ch¾c, nhng t«i kh«ng nghÜ vËy.
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Santos : Sure.
§îc råi.
2/Off : Roll up the Wiper’s sleeve and hold his wrists tight. (Second Mate
applies antiseptic on the bleeding wound).
Cuén tay ¸o cña anh ta lªn vµ gi÷ chÆt èng tay ¸o nhÐ. (Phã hai ®a miÕng b«ng khö
trïng vµo vÕt th¬ng ®ang ch¶y m¸u)
Wiper : Ouch! That hurts!
èi! §au!
2/Off : Hold still! Ok, you can relax now. I cleaned the wound out. Now we
have to stop the bleeding. Third Engineer, hold this down firmly.
Gi÷ nguyªn! §îc råi, b©y giê anh cã thÓ th gi·n. T«i ®· lµm s¹ch vÕt th¬ng råi. B©y
giê chóng ta ph¶i cÇm m¸u. M¸y ba, Ên chÆt c¸i nµy xuèng.
Santos : Like this?
Nh thÕ nµy ph¶i kh«ng?
2/Off : Yes, that’s good. Hold it tight. I’ll put some antibiotic ointment on the
cut and then stitch it closed. (After stitching) All right! That does it.
That’s all I can do for now. I’ll put on antibiotic gauze and then a
bandage. I’ll give you some medicine for the pain later.
§óng, tèt l¾m. Gi÷ chÆt nhÐ. T«i sÏ ®Æt mét Ýt thuèc mì kh¸ng sinh lªn trªn miÖng
vÕt th¬ng vµ kh©u nã chÆt l¹i. (Sau khi kh©u) æn råi. Nh thÕ ®îc ®Êy. §ã lµ tÊt
c¶ nh÷ng g× t«i cã thÓ lµm ®îc lóc nµy. T«i sÏ ®Æt mét miÕng g¹c s¸t trïng vµ sau
®ã lµ mét b¨ng dµi. T«i sÏ cho anh mét Ýt thuèc gi¶m ®au sau.
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Ramos : Ouch!
èi!
A/Off : What’s wrong?
Cã chuyÖn g× thÕ?
Ramos : I’ve got something in my eye.
T«i bÞ c¸i g× ®ã bay vµo m¾t.
A/Off : Don’t rub it. It’ll hurt if you rub it. You have to wash it out with water.
You can use the eye washer in the COC.
§õng dôi m¾t. Nã sÏ ®au nÕu anh chµ s¸t nã ®Êy. Anh ph¶i röa nã ra b»ng níc s¹ch
th«i. Anh cã thÓ sö dông níc röa m¾t ë buång ®iÒu khiÓn lµm hµng.
Ramos : Thanks. I’ll go down there right away.
C¶m ¬n. T«i sÏ xuèng ®ã ngay.
45
A/Off : Second Officer, will you have a look at his eye? It seems like a piece of
rust got into it.
Phã hai nµy, anh cã thÓ xem hé m¾t cña anh ta kh«ng? Nã dêng nh lµ cã miÕng rØ
s¾t r¬i vµo.
2/Off : Let me take a look. I’ll use my magnifying glass. Come here near the
window where I can see better. Yes, you have some rust in there. You
rubbed your eye, didn’t you?
§Ó t«i xem nµo. T«i sÏ dïng kÝnh lóp xem. H·y ®Õn gÇn cöa sæ ®Ó t«i cã thÓ nh×n
râ h¬n. §óng vËy, anh bÞ Ýt rØ s¾t ë ®ã. Anh ®· dôi m¾t ph¶i kh«ng?
Ramos : Yes, but only because there was something in it.
V©ng, nhng chØ v× cã c¸i g× ®ã ë trong m¾t.
2/Off : You should never rub your eyes if you get something in them. You
should always rinse your eye out with water. Let’s go to the dispensary.
We’ll have to remove that piece of rust with a needle.
Anh kh«ng bao giê nªn dôi m¾t nÕu anh bÞ c¸i g× ®ã r¬i vµo m¾t. Anh nªn lu«n
röa m¾t víi níc s¹ch. Chóng ta h·y ®Õn phßng kh¸m th«i. Chóng ta ph¶i lÊy m¶nh
rØ s¾t ®ã ra b»ng mét c¸i kim.
Ramos : Are you going to use the same big needle that you use for injection?
Cã ph¶i anh ®Þnh dïng mét c¸i kim lín mµ anh vÉn dïng ®Ó tiªm kh«ng?
2/Off : Don’t worry about a thing. I’ve got a knack for it. It’s the best way to
remove a piece of rust. But just in case it hurts, I’ll put some eye lotion
on it as an anesthetic.
§õng lo g× c¶. T«i lµm viÖc nµy thµnh th¹o l¾m. Nã lµ c¸ch tèt nhÊt ®Ó lo¹i bá
m¶nh rØ s¾t ®Êy. Nhng trong trêng hîp nã g©y ®au, t«i sÏ ®a mét Ýt thuècmì tra
m¾t vµo nã nh lµ g©y tª vËy.
Rub: moving back and forth while applying pressure Dôi (m¾t), chµ s¸t
Rust: oxidized metal, usu. Iron RØ s¾t
Magnifying glass: a lens that enlarges the object being viewed KÝnh lóp
Needle: a finely-pointed piece of metal, usu. with an eye at the end Kim, ®Çu nhän
Injection(s): a shot, using a hypodermic needle (sù)Tiªm, viÖc tiªm
A knack for …: a special technique or ability for doing something Cã kÜ n¨ng ®Æc biÖt ®Ó lµm
g× ®ã
Anesthetic: a medicine for reducing sensation G©y mª, g©y tª
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(After dinner, several crewmembers are fishing on the Poop Deck while at anchor)
(Sau b÷a ¨n, mét vµi thuyÒn viªn ®ang c©u c¸ trªn boong sinh ho¹t trong lóc tµu th¶ neo)
Cruz : Ouch!
èi!
Ramos : What happened?
ChuyÖn g× ®· x¶y ra thÕ?
Cruz : Oh, no! The fishhook got stuck in my finger!
å, kh«ng! Lìi c©u m¾c vµo ngãn tay t«i råi!
Ramos : You have to be more careful. Let me see. Oh boy, this doesn’t look
good. The hook is buried deep in your finger! OK, now just hold still
for a minute. I’ll try to pull it out.
Anh ph¶i cÈn thËn h¬n chø. §Ó t«i xem nµo. Trêi ®Êt, tr«ng nã kh«ng æn råi. Lìi
c©u m¾c vµo ngãn tay anh s©u qu¸! §îc råi, b©y giê h·y gi÷ nguyªn mét chót. T«i sÏ
cè rót nã ra.
Cruz : Ouch! It really hurts!
èi! Nã ®au l¾m!
Ramos : I can’t pull it out if you keep moving this way. Hold still!
T«i kh«ng thÓ rót nã ra ®îc nÕu anh cø rung thÕ nµy. Gi÷ nguyªn!
Cruz : No, it hurts too much! Please don’t touch it!
Kh«ng, nã ®au thÊu lu«n! Lµm ¬n ®õng ch¹m vµo nã n÷a!
Ramos : Well, then, what should I do? Here comes the Second Officer. Let’s ask
him. Second Officer!
VËy, tiÕp theo t«i nªn lµm sao ®©y? ¤ng Phã hai ®Õn ®©y k×a. H·y hái «ng ta
xem. Phã hai ¬i!
2/Off : You must have been trying to pull it out the wrong way. You cannot
pull it out backwards, otherwise how could you catch any fish? The
only way to do it is to cut the line and push the hook through your
finger. We will need to sterilize the wound afterwards. Let’s go to the
47
dispensary.
Anh ch¾c ch¾n ®· cè kÐo nã ra kh«ng ®óng c¸ch råi. Anh kh«ng thÓ kÐo nã ra vÒ
phÝa sau ®îc, nÕu kh«ng th× lµm thÕ nµo anh cã thÓ b¾t c¸ ®îc? C¸ch tèt nhÊt lµ
c¾t d©y c©u ®i vµ ®Èy lìi c©u qua ngãn tay anh. Chóng ta sÏ cÇn ph¶i s¸t trïng
vÕt th¬ng vÒ phÝa sau. H·y tíi phßng kh¸m th«i.
2/Off : Just try to bear with the pain, OK? First, I’ll cut the end of the hook.
There, now I’ll push the hook through your finger and pull it out the
other side.
H·y cè chÞu ®au, ®îc chø? §Çu tiªn, t«i sÏ c¾t ®Çu cuèi cña lìi c©u. §ã, b©y giê t«i
sÏ ®Èy lìi c©u xuyªn qua ngãn tay anh vµ kÐo nã ra ë phÝa kia.
Cruz : Ouch!
èi!
2/Off : OK, I’ve got it! Now we have to sterilize your finger. I’ll give you some
painkillers later.
æn råi, t«i xong råi ®©y! B©y giê chóng ta ph¶i s¸t trïng ngãn tay cña anh. T«i sÏ
®a cho anh Ýt thuèc gi¶m ®au sau.
At anchor: ship is not in motion, being stopped by dropping the anchor into the water Th¶ neo
Fishhook: a metallic hook with a connected line, used to catch fish Lìi c©u c¸
Backwards: moving to the rear VÒ phÝa sau
Bear with …: to endure, to tolerate ChÞu ®ùng
Painkiller(s): medicine that reduces pain. Thuèc gi¶m ®au
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2/Off : Captain, I am sending the Third Mate to the hospital. Have you contacted
the agent yet?
Tha thuyÒn trëng, t«i sÏ göi Phã ba vµo nhËp viÖn. Ngµi ®· liªn l¹c víi ®¹i lý cha ¹?
Capt : Yes, I just did. Third Mate, take the one o’clock service boat to shore.
The agent Mr. Tanaka, will be waiting at the station to pick you up. Ask
him to take you to the hospital. The agent will advance you the money
for it.
Råi, t«i võa lµm xong. Phã ba nµy, mÊt mét tiÕng ®ång hå ®Ó ®ß ch¹y vµo bê. Ngêi
®¹i lý, «ng Tanaka, sÏ chê ë bÕn ®Ó ®ãn anh. H·y b¶o «ng ta ®a anh vµo bÖnh viÖn.
§¹i lý sÏ tr¶ tríc tiÒn cho anh.
Cruz : Yes, sir.
V©ng, tha ngµi.
2/Off : Third Mate, give these papers to the doctor.
Phã ba, h·y ®a nh÷ng tê giÊy nµy cho b¸c sÜ nhÐ.
Capt : I told the agent about these papers. He will give the Second Mate’s papers
to the doctor. The doctor will fill them out after the examination and
return them to him. You must tell the doctor exactly what is wrong with
you.
T«i ®· b¶o víi ®¹i lý vÒ nh÷ng giÊy tê nµy. ¤ng ta sÏ ®a giÊy cña Phã hai tíi b¸c sÜ.
B¸c sÜ sÏ viÕt vµo ®ã sau khi kh¸m vµ chuyÓn l¹i cho «ng Êy. Anh ph¶i nãi cho b¸c sÜ
biÕt chÝnh x¸c anh cã vÊn ®Ò g×.
Cruz : I will. How far is the hospital?
V©ng. BÖnh viÖn c¸ch bao xa ¹?
Capt : According to Mr. Tanaka, it is about five minutes away by car. Don’t
worry. The doctor knows what he is doing.
Theo nh «ng Tanaka, sÏ mÊ kho¶ng 5 phót ®i b»ng «t«. §õng lo, b¸c sÜ sÏ biÕt ph¶i
lµm g×.
Cruz : Will it take long?
Nã cã l©u kh«ng ¹?
2/Off : Yes, I think so. I think they will need to take blood. You might have to
49
wait for a while.
Cã ®Êy, t«i nghÜ vËy. T«i nghÜ hä sÏ cÇn ph¶i thö m¸u. Anh cã lÏ ph¶i chê mét lóc
®Êy.
Capt : Mr. Tanaka said it would take about three hours. The next service boat
leaves shore at 17.00. You will be able to catch it.
¤ng Tanaka nãi r»ng sÏ mÊt kho¶ng 3 tiÕng. ChuyÕn ®ß tiÕp theo rêi bê lóc 17.00.
Anh sÏ cã thÓ ®ãn nã ®îc.
Cruz : Do I have to call him to come and pick me up at the hospital when I’m
done?
LiÖu t«i cã ph¶i gäi «ng ta ®Õn vµ ®ãn t«i ë bÖnh viÖn khi t«i xong kh«ng?
Capt : No, don’t worry. He’ll stay with you until you are finished.
Kh«ng, ®õng lo. ¤ng ta sÏ ë víi anh cho tíi khi anh xong.
Cruz : I’m very glad to hear that.
T«i rÊt mõng khi nghe vËy.
50
Trung t©m huÊn luyÖn vµ båi dìng nghiÖp vô hµng h¶i
VI NI C CENTER FOR TRAINING AND iMPROVEMENT OF MARITIME PROFESSIONS
484 Lachtray Street, Haiphong, Vietnam. Tel. +84 31 735239. Fax. 84 853590
A/Off : All right, now I know that you haven’t been on shore in a long time, but
don’t spend too much time in the red-light district.
§îc råi, t«i biÕt b©y giê anh ®· kh«ng lªn bê trong kho¶ng thêi gian dµi, nhng ®õng
tèn qu¸ nhiÒu thêi gian vµo c¸c khu phßng hång nhÐ.
Avarro : Don’t worry.
§õng cã lo mµ.
A/Off : Don’t worry about what?
§õng lo vÒ chuyÖn g×?
Avarro : Nothing, really.
Kh«ng cã g× ®©u, thËt ®Êy.
A/Off : Remember what happened the last time you went with those girls? And
you should set an example, or the rest of the crew might get involved,
too.
Cßn nhí chuyÖn g× ®· x¶y ra lÇn tríc khi anh ®i víi mÊy c« g¸i ®ã chø? Vµ anh nªn
coi ®ã lµ mét vÝ dô, hoÆc toµn bé nh÷ng thuyÒn viªn cßn l¹i sÏ bÞ dÝnh lÝu vµo ®Êy.
Avarro : On second thought, maybe I had better take some condoms with me.
NghÜ l¹i, cã lÏ t«i tèt nhÊt lµ mang theo m×nh vµi bao cao su vËy.
A/Off : An even better idea is not to go there at all. But if you have to go, use
condoms. As the saying goes, “A wise man does not court danger”.
Mét ý cßn hay h¬n lµ hoµn toµn kh«ng nªn vµo nh÷ng chç ®ã. Nhng nÕu anh v·n cø
muèn vµo, h·y sö dông bao cao su. Mét lêi khuyªn lµ “Mét ngêi kh«n ngoan kh«ng ríc
lÊy nguy hiÓm”.
Avarro : A senior officer once told me that washing up well with soap and water
was enough to prevent me from catching anything.
Mét sÜ quan cã tuæi ®· nãi víi t«i r»ng röa s¹ch kÜ víi xµ phßng vµ níc lµ ®ñ ®Ó t«i
tr¸nh bÞ m¾c bÊt cø c¸i g×.
A/Off : That’s nonsense! Sexual diseases can be transmitted by blood, saliva,
body fluids, etc. You are probably safe if a virus only touches your skin.
If a virus comes in contact with a mucous membrane or a wound, then
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you could be infected.
ThËt v« lý! C¸c bÖnh l©y qua ®êng t×nh dôc cã thÓ l©y truyÒn b»ng ®êng m¸u, nuíc
bät, c¸c chÊt láng trong c¬ thÓ, v©n v©n.. Anh hoµn toµn an toµn nÕu vi rót chØ
tiÕp xóc trªn da th«i. NÕu vi rót tiÕp xóc mµng nhÇy, hoÆc vÕt th¬ng, th× sau ®ã
anh cã thÓ bÞ nhiÔm bÖnh.
Avarro : So a good washing is not enough?
Nh vËy röa s¹ch kh«ng th«i lµ cha ®ñ ph¶i kh«ng?
A/Off : It depends on the situation, but in general, it is surely not enough. You
can get STDs easily. And always learn to guard yourselves against
AIDS.
Nã phô thuéc vµo t×nh huèng n÷a, nhng nãi chung, nã ch¾c ch¾n lµ kh«ng ®ñ. Anh
cã thÓ m¾c c¸c bÖnh l©y qua ®êng t×nh dôc mét c¸ch dÔ dµng. Vµ lu«n lu«n häc
c¸ch ®Ó b¶o vÖ chÝnh m×nh khái bÖnh AIDS.
Avarro : OK, I’ll be careful.
§îc råi, t«i sÏ thËn träng.
Red-light district: entertainment area where sexual amusement is usually found. Khu vùc phßng
hång
Get involved …: get caught in something, become a part of something BÞ liªn luþ, bÞ dÝnh lÝu,
bÞ liªn quan
Condom(s): a rubber cover placed over the penis to prevent direct contact during sex. Bao cao
su
A wise man does not court danger: Also “It is best to avoid danger” Ngêi kh«n ngoan kh«ng ríc
lÊy nguy hiÓm
Prevent …from: stop from doing something: Tr¸nh lµm c¸i g×
Sexual diseases: syphilis, gonorrhea, hepatitis, and other kinds of diseases that are passed on
though sexual intercourse or contact c¸c bÖnh l©y qua ®êng t×nh dôc
Transmitted: passed on from one person to another L©y nhiÔm
Saliva: water in the mouth Níc bät, níc miÕng
Body fluids: blood, serum, mucus, and other forms of liquid in the body ChÊt láng trong c¬ thÓ
Virus: extremely small microorganisms, made of DNA and protein Vi rót
Mucus membrane: the living tissue covering the surface of some organs, e.g. the linings of
the eye, nose, mouth, lungs, etc. Mµng nhÇy
STDs: sexually transmitted diseases, sexual diseases BÖnh l©y qua ®êng t×nh dôc
Guard …against…: take protective measures B¶o vÖ .. khái (c¸i g×)
AIDS: acquired immune deficiency syndrome, a serious, strongly infectious disease
caused by HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) BÖnh AIDS (héi chøng suy gi¶m miÔn dÞch
m¾c ph¶i)
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