Vascular Plants

Ferns - Ferns are a diverse group of plants that belong

to the division Pteridophyta. They have vascular tissue
that allows them to transport water and nutrients
throughout their structures. Ferns reproduce via
spores, which are released from structures called sori
on the underside of their fronds. They typically have
large, compound leaves that are coiled up when they
are young and unfurl as they mature.

Pine trees - Pine trees are gymnosperms, which

are a type of vascular plant that reproduces via
seeds that are not enclosed in a fruit. They have
needles instead of leaves, which help to reduce
water loss through transpiration. Pine trees have a
woody stem and are adapted to cold, dry climates.

Orchids - Orchids are a diverse group of

flowering plants that belong to the family
Orchidaceae. They have specialized structures
called pseudobulbs, which store water and
nutrients. Orchids are epiphytes, which means
that they grow on other plants instead of in soil.
They have a specialized root system that allows
them to absorb water and nutrients from the air.

Non-Vascular Plants

1. Mosses -Mosses - Mosses are a type of bryophyte,

which are non-vascular plants that reproduce via
spores. They do not have true roots, stems, or
leaves, but instead have simple structures called
protonemata and gametophytes. Mosses are
adapted to living in moist environments and are
often found in areas with high humidity.

1. Liverworts - Liverworts - Liverworts are

another type of bryophyte that are similar to
mosses in their structure and reproductive
methods. They have flattened, lobed
structures that resemble the lobes of a liver,
hence their name. Liverworts are typically
found in damp environments, such as near
streams or in forests.
.

1. Hornworts - Hornworts - Hornworts are a

type of bryophyte that are named for their
horn-shaped sporophytes. They have a
simple structure that consists of a single cell
layer, and they reproduce via spores that are
released from their sporophytes. Hornworts
are often found in damp environments, such
as near streams or in wetlands.