Fire Detection and Alarm Mini Project

The objectives of this project are to:

• Learn how to use a BC547 transistor and an infrared receiver LED to

create a simple fire detector alarm circuit.
• Understand the basic principles of fire detection and alarm operation.
• Create a working model of a fire detector alarm circuit that can be used to
learn about fire detection and alarm operation.

Description:

The circuit uses a BC547 transistor and an infrared receiver LED to detect fire.
When the infrared receiver LED is exposed to infrared radiation from a fire, it
will turn on. The transistor is configured as an amplifier, so when the infrared
receiver LED turns on, it will provide a small current to the base of the
transistor. This will cause the transistor to turn on, which will in turn on the
buzzer. The circuit can be powered by a 5-volt DC supply or a 9-volt battery.
The breadboard is used to connect the components together. When the circuit is
powered on, the buzzer will be turned off. If a fire breaks out and the infrared
receiver LED is exposed to infrared radiation from the fire, the buzzer will turn
on. This will alert people to the fire and allow them to take action to evacuate
the area.

The circuit is a simple and effective way to detect fire. It is not as sensitive as
some other fire detection methods, but it is easy to build and use.

Hardware Specifications

1. BC547 Transistor (NPN)

2. Infrared Receiver LED

3. 220-ohm Resistor

4. LED 5mm

5. DC Buzzer

6. 5-volt DC supply or 9 Volt Battery.

7. Breadboard
 Model Traffic Lights Circuit Using 555 IC
The objectives of this project are to:

• Learn how to use the 555 timer IC to create a simple traffic light circuit.

• Understand the basic principles of traffic light operation.

• Create a working model of a traffic light circuit that can be used to learn
about traffic light operation.

Description

The circuit uses two 555 timer ICs to create a simple traffic light circuit. The
first 555 timer IC is used to create a red light, the second 555 timer IC is used to
create a yellow light, and a third 555 timer IC is used to create a green light. The
resistors and capacitors are used to set the timing of the lights. The circuit can
be powered by a 5-12V power supply. The breadboard is used to connect the
components together. When the circuit is powered on, the red light will turn on.
After a predetermined amount of time, the yellow light will turn on. After
another predetermined amount of time, the green light will turn on. After a third
predetermined amount of time, the red light will turn on again, and the cycle
will repeat.

The timing of the lights can be adjusted by changing the values of the resistors
and capacitors. This is a simple model of a traffic light circuit. Real traffic light
circuits are much more complex, but this circuit can be used to learn about the
basic principles of traffic light operation.

Components Required

• 2 x 555 Timer ICs

• LEDs: 1 Red, 1 Yellow, 1 Green
• Resistors: 100K, 47K, 2 x 330R, 180R
• Capacitors: 2 x 100uF
• Breadboard
• Few Breadboard Connectors
• (5-12)V Power Supply