 An approach in the study of soils with emphasis on their practical use, particularly the

relationship of soil properties to plant growth Edaphological approach

 A soil consists of the three components namely: solid, liquid and gas The liquid is a soil
solution with dissolved ions in it
 A soil consists of three components; namely: solid, liquid and gas The solid is composed of
organic and inorganic matter
 Under its natural occurrence a soil is aggregated and porous all of the above
 Plants depend largely on the water stored in the soil. The upper limit of available water is field
capacity
 If the soil moisture content is 35%, field capacity is 40% and permanent wilting point is 20%,
the amount of available water in the soil is: 15%
 Basic properties described in a soil profile color, texture, stoniness, structure
 Blocks of soil from each horizon pasted on a hard board monolith
 Calculate the gravimetric moisture content of a soil sample if its fresh weight = 25 grams, oven
dry weight = 25 grams, oven dry weight = 20 grams 25 %
 Particle density is a stable soil property. Most agricultural soils would have particle densities
close to this value 2.65 g/cm3
 Soil grown to corn is best cultivated when the soil consistency is Friable
 Inorganic and organic material where soils may originate parent material
 A simple test for limestone parent materials HCl reaction
 Irregular spheres or polyhedral, which do not fit the faces of the neighboring aggregates
granular
 Refers to the feel of the soil and how it behaves when manipulated consistency
 The scale presentation of provincial soil survey reports reconnaissance
 In relation to crop production clayey soils are known to be: all of the above
 The mineral matter component of soils makes up about 45%
 Pedon is the smallest volume that can be observed for purposes of soil classification. What is
its range of dimension?  1-10 m2
 A dynamic natural body on the earth’s surface composed of both living and non-living materials
where plants can grow Soil
 Natural soil aggregates peds
 The two forming factors that normally show the greatest variation from one geographic region
to another are: climate and vegetation
 The government agency in charge of the survey and classification of soils in the Philippines
BSWM
 Who made the law governing the movement of water in the soil Darcy
 A group of soils which developed from the same parent material and whose profile
characteristics are the same Soil series
 Mature soil has the following horizons ABC
 The solum is composed of these horizons AB
 Broadest category of soil taxonomy order
 A slightly altered material from which the soil was formed Parent material
 The sedimentary rock that contains clay minerals as one of its more important constituent’s
shale
 The greek word “edaphos” means ground
 The main objective of physical weathering is to increases total surface area for chemical
weathering
 Which among the definition of soil below is the most appropriate? soil is the thin covering of
the earth’s surface from the natural processes of decomposition of organic and inorganic
components that produces a profile and serves as an anchorage of plants for their survival
 Parent material that has formed by weathering of bedrock in place is residual
 The basic elements lost in weathering are Ca, Mg
 A terminology used to describe the removal of materials or nutrients from the upper soil
horizon to the lower portion through downward movement of water? Leaching
 Soil profile characteristic important to a civil engineer: texture
 Soil profile characteristics important to a biologist roots and faunal activity signs
 Bacteria belong to this factor of soil formation living organisms
 A mineral that is composed of SiO2 Quartz
 Soil horizon with highly decomposed organic debris Oa
 A research proposal was submitted to the DOST to evaluate and asserts the soil. The protocol
includes the history of the soil as well as its physical property, and mineralogy. What approach
in soil science is the most appropriate for the researchers to engage in his study? Pedological
 The most abundant group of minerals in the soil is. Silicates
 In 25 YR 8/5 what is the chroma? 5
 Ability of soil to produce a particular crop or sequence of crops under specified management
system Soil productivity
 Soil color description hue, value, chroma
 Standard reference color system for soil color Munsell color chart
 Lowland rice is prepared to have a soil consistency that is: Viscous
 The characteristic feel of sand separates when rubbed in between the two fingers is? Coarse
 Color of minerals is not a good basis for identification. The dark color of igneous rocks is
usually caused by: ferromagnesian minerals
 One side of a pedon profile
 Smallest volume off soil that can be considered a soil individual or body ped
 The immediate source of carbon by plants is CO2 from air
 What particular group of parent materials is abundant in the Philippine soil? igneous rocks
 Metamorphism is caused by high pressure and temperature
 Which of the following is not a soil forming factor? soil color
 The study of rock is known petrology
 The most abundant elements in the earth’s crust are O, Si, Al, Fe, Ca
 This is not an element of climate relief
 Parent material deposited in lakes is known as lacustrine
 Soils with no diagnostic horizon entisols
 If silica and sesquioxides exist in subsoil, the symbol is written as Bqs
 Which symbol is not included in soil taxonomy?  R
 Histosols have this epipedon histic
 Gleying is the soil profile is manifested by mottles
 The second category in the US Soil taxonomy suborder
 The base map onto which the survey data will be transferred and on which the data will
ultimately be presented is soil map
 Which scale is the most detailed when used in soil survey? 1:5,000
 Grid and free survey are the two approaches used in mapping. Grid survey uses observations
that are ___ to obtain the necessary information. regularly spaced in the survey area
 One of the latest horizon suffix which denotes jarosite is j
 A cracking soil falls under this order vertisol
 Ultic Haploxerands is a subgroup name under Andisols which fall under this category
intragrade
 This soil order that is used in the soil survey is applicable for regional map order 5
 This is a computer assisted system for the acquisition, storage, analysis and display of
geographic data GIS
 Volcanic soils or soils that were developed through volcanic activity belong to the soil order:
Andisols
 A transition horizon between A and B horizons whose properties are more similar to A than B
is written as AB
 A fully saturated soil without oxygen is named as anoxyaquic
 The typic concept in naming soils falls under this category subgroup
 An epipedon which is very light in color and normally considered as the “waste basket”
epipedon is orchric
 Petrocalcic layer means: presence of hardened calcic layer
 What is the correct sequence of horizon? Ap1, Ap2, B, BC, C
 Abruptic Tropaqualfs is an example of: extragrade subgroup
 Order of soil with high base saturation?  Alfisol
 Which is a transition horizon all of these
 What soil order predominates in the Philippines Ultisols
 Volcanic soils or soils that were developed through volcanic activity belong to the soil order
Andisols
 There are six levels of generalizations where soils can be grouped in the US Soil Taxonomy. In
what category does Tropepts belong? Suborder
 Which does not belong to the group Op
 A subsoil with gleying and clay accumulation is written in symbol as Btg
 Mineralogy of the soils is used in identifying names at the category family
 A human-made sodlike horizon created by long term manuring. Plaggen
 A highly weathered horizon oxic
 Soil with >30% clay to 50 cm, cracks > 1 cm wide at 50 cm, have gilgail, slickenslides, and
wedge-shaped peds vertisol
 Soils with a warm temperature regime and an argillic horizon (or fragipan with clay skins > 1
mm thick) and BSP <35% oxisol
 A transition horizon between B and C with properties more similar to C is written as C
 The presence of sulfur in the soil indicates this horizon gypsic
 A parent material with two layers is denoted as C1, C2
 Natrargids have both these properties sodium and argillic horizon
 Tropets are inceptisols located in this type of environment desert
 A transition horizon between B and C and whose properties are similar to C is written in
sysmbol as C
 Which among these horizons have lithological discontinuity?  2C1
 A hard pan strongly cemented by silica duripan
 Which among these horizons is harder and more impervious? Petrocalcic
 The zone of illuviation is topsoil
 In the US Soil Taxonomy, the central concept of a subgroup category is typic
 Maligaya clay loam is soil type
 Which among these is a family modifier? all of these
 A soil found in a very dry climate but with argillic horizon and a duripan is named as Durargids
 If four formative elements are joined or combined together, the name that is formed belongs to
subgroup
 It is the process of classifying soil types and other soil properties in a given area and geo-
encoding such information soil mapping
 Which map scale is suited to detailed special-purpose surveys including surveys of peri-urban
areas? 1:10,000
 The three main phases of field soil survey include research, mapping and interpretation. Which
phase occupies the greater part of survey time in the field? Research
 A red soil is generally acidic
 Which type of survey provides the basis of interpretation for many other different purposes,
some of which may not yet be known? Detailed
 If the horizon of an Histosol has partially decomposed organic materials, the taxonomic name
of the soil is fibrist
 The opposite of Eutropepts is Dystropets. Dystic means infertile
 In a profile, if the horizon occurs in between two master horizons, it is called transition
 The presence of sulfur in the soil indicates this horizon calcic
 A diagnostic horizon showing strong human influence such as phosphorous accumulation
anthropic
 If humus accumulates at the surface of the soil and it is not distributed by plowing, the horizon
symbol must be written as Ah
 It is considered as the start of aggregation Flocculation
 This ion aids in flocculation of colloids Ca2+
 The determination of soil pH using color indicators is referred to as Colorimetric
 The acronym ESP means Exchangeable sodium percentage
 At very low pH, available P may be precipitated as Al-hydroxyapatite
 At very high pH, available P may be precipitated as Ca-hydroxyapatite
 It is the standard reagent to determine the cation exchange capacity of the soil Ammonium
acetate
 With the assumption that N is a component of OM, to calculate the total N of the soil is to
multiply OM by:  5%
 Iron toxicity is commonly observed in this type of soils Acid soils
 Which is not a characteristic of cation exchange reactions? Specific
 Which is not a characteristic of upland soils?  Nutrient element exist in their reduced state
 As the concentration of H+ decreases, the pH increases
 Which is not a characteristic of lowland soils Nutrient elements exist generally in their oxidized
state
 Which among the following is considered as variable charge clay Kaolinite
 Calculate the weight (g) of Ca2+ needed to replace 1g of H+  20
 Calculate the weight (g) of Ca2+ needed to replace 1g of NH4+  1.11
 The net accumulation of materials at the interface between a solid phase and an aqueous
solution phase is called Adsorption
 A soil has a pH of 5.5 and a CEC of 20 me/100g. The grower needs to lime the soil to pH 6.5.
If the %BS at pH 5.5 is 50% and 75% at pH 6.5, calculate the amount of CaCO3 required to
raise the pH of 1 hectare of soil 5 tons CaCO3/ha
 It is a measure of salinity or concentration of dissolved salts Electrical conductivity
 A property of solutions and has been used to quantify the alkalinity hazards of irrigation water
applied to soils: Residual calcium carbonate value
 Refers to total concentration of inorganic solids and is usually expressed in mg/L or ppm Total
dissolved solids
 Pesticides will be retained much longer in soils with 2:1 dominant clay type
 The charge produced when the soil is too acid Positive
 Iron deficiency is commonly observed in these types of soils: Alkaline soils
 The ion that replaces the Si in the tetrahedron Al3+
 Which one of the element possesses a positive charge? Zn
 The net charge of most agricultural soil is Negative
 This colloid obtains its negative charge from dissociation of H ions from carboxylic and/or
phenolic functional groups. Humus
 The kind of charge produced through isomorphous substitution is Permanent charge
 This ion aids in the dispersion of colloids Na+
 Colloids range in particle size from: 0.2- 1 mm
 These elements become more soluble or available at soil pH < 4.0: Fe, Al, Cu, Zn
 These cations are considered as acidic H+ and Al3+
 Nitrification causes soil acidity due to the production of H+ ions
 Active acidity is due to H+ in Soil solution
 Soils with high CEC have High buffering capacity
 Soils with high buffering capacity are generally those which: Have high organic matter and/or
clay content
 Soils that usually need to be limed are those with: pH less than 5.0
 This material is not considered lime CaSO4 • 2H2O
 This material has a RNP or RNV of 100% Calcium carbonate, CaCO3
 Besides neutralizing soil acidity lime like CaCO3 may also:  Improve soil structure
 Organic colloids are represented by: Humus
 Sodic soils have high exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) and are Highly dispersed
 The high ESP of soils maybe reduced by adding: Gypsum
 The CEC of the soil is 40 me/100 gm
 The % base saturation of the soil with a CEC of 40 me/100 gm is: 90%
 The exchangeable sodium percentage of the soil is: 10%
 Soil is considered acidic when concentration of H+ is greater than OH-
 As the concentration of H+ ion decreases, the pH Increases
 The charge produced when the soil is too acidic Positive
 The ion that replaces the Si in the tetrahedron: Al3+
 The net charge of most agricultural soil is Negative
 Reactivity of soil colloids is due to their High Specific area
 This ion aids in the dispersion of colloids Na+\
 This clay mineral is a 2:1 expanding type: Montmorillonite
 Montmorillonite sheets are bounded by Weak 02-O2 linkage
 Isomorphous substitution of cations gives clay minerals: Permanent charge
 Dissociation of H+ ions from carboxyl (-COOH) and/ or phenolic functional groups give this
colloid negative charges Humus
 A soil with pH of 6.0 has a H+ ion concentration of: 0.000001 M
 The optimum or ideal soil pH for growing most crops is 6.5
 Growing crops like medium for maintaining brass cover to protect the side especially during off
season is Mulching
 Calculate the amount of ammonium sulfate needed to fertilize a 4m x 5m size of the
recommendation calls for the application of 90 kg N/ hectare? 0. 857 kg
 Application of fertilizer of planting: basal
 Major agent of soil erosion in the Philippines Water or rainfall
 The first stage in soil erosion is: Soil Particle detachment
 Appropriate and fertilizer for a sulfur deficient soil Ammonium sulfate
 Deficiency of these elements causes chlorosis N and S
 Deficiency of sulfur first shown up as chlorosis of: Youngest leaves
 Purplish leaf coloration is a typical nutritional deficiency of: P
 One practical soil management practice to improve the availability of zinc in waterlogged
lowland rice is All of the above
 This element is also a component of the chlorophyll molecule. Typically, deficiency of this
element is an interveinal chlorosis in the older leaves. Phosphorus
 A soil management technique which provides a suitable place for plant growth and helps
control weeds. Tillage
 An example of fertilizer material is All of the above
 Fertilizer recommendation is commonly express per hectare basis as Either Fertilizer material
or Weight of nutrients
 Fertilizer is applied uniformly over the surface of the land Broadcasting
 A problem of soil found in coastal areas with characteristics such as electrical conductivity of
<4mmhos/cm; <pH, 8.5 and exchangeable Na, 15% is classified as Saline soil
 To conserve the nitrogen, it contains, compost should be stored in Loose, moist condition
 Elements which are commonly found in lowland rice that are poorly drained are Zn and S
 Most of the n in the solid fraction of the soil is in the form of Organic N
 The ability of the rainfall to cause soil erosion erositivity
 The following are important characteristic of a fertile soil except High bulk density
 the weak acid formed upon hydrolysis and subsequent reaction of urea in soil Carbonic acid
 Gullies formed in highly eroded areas can no longer be repaired by cultivation. Gully formation
usually starts at. Footslope
 Use in diagnosing and deficiency in rice and formulation of N recommendation with plastic
ruler of four shades of green to compare the color of rice leaves under field conditions LCC
 Soil erosion is affected by several factors both rain and soil related properties. Which among
these does not promote erosion?  Crop residue incorporation
 Soil conservation measures may be agronomic or mechanical in nature. The agronomic
measure which utilizes the role of vegetation is also called. Biological
 Ionic form of Potassium K+
 Older leaves may wilt, look scorched. Interveinal chlorosis begins at the base, scorching
inward from leaf margins. What element is deficient? K
 The Symptoms of this element appear in older leaves first. Mg
 Following are some soil management practices that will except. Crop Removal
 highest N content among the solid N- fertilizers (NH2)2CO; Hygroscopic and 100% soluble
Urea (46-0-0)
 contains 20% P2O5; pelleted as grayish granules and has a faint acid odor; about 85% of the
P is water soluble and it contains traces of other nutrient elements Ordinary superphosphate
(OSP)
 Older leaves may wilt, look scorched. Interveinal chlorosis begins at the base, scorching
inward from leaf margins. What element is deficient? K
 Nutrient concentration in the plant tissue below which deficiency is termed as Critical Level
 One practical soil management practice to improve the availability of zinc in waterlogged
lowland rice is All of the above
 The objective of this cropping system is to allow the second crop to make use of the residual
moisture and to provide continuous ground cover to protect the soil from erosion rain
throughout the year. Relay Cropping
 Fertilizer is applied around the base of the plant or tree Ring
 Process by which raindrops splash soil sediments from the soil surface into the runoff; requires
energy that is supplied by the kinetic energy of raindrops. Dispersion
 An erosion process in which numerous small channels of only several centimeters in depth are
formed. Rill Erosion
 Which of the following does not belong to the group? N
 According to Soil Erosion Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) “L” stands for Result of
correlation studies of slope length and erosion using standard plots
 According to Soil Erosion Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) “P” stands for A ratio of the soil
loss with practices
 Tropical kudzu, centrosema, calopogonium, guinea grass, paragraph,napier grass, alabang x
is recommended in this cropping system. Cover cropping
 Which of the following is a Factor affecting Soil erosion? All of the above
 Which among these indicates no erosion to occur? Infiltration rate greater than rainfall intensity
 Nutrient deficiency symptom is referred to as the language of the crop what is the term used to
describe general yellowing of leaves as a result of deficiency of some nutrient elements
Chlorosis
 Which of the following is NOT immobile nutrients?  Mg2+
 If the nutrient removal by a given crop is high, fertilizer application are usually: Increased
 Nutrients Come in contact with the roots as the root push their way through the soil Root
Interception
 Uptake is by diffusion and ion exchange, hence controlled by concentration and electrical
gradient Passive
 What nutrient is Deficient when Leaf tips look burnt, followed by older leaves turning a dark
green or reddish purple. P
 Ammonium sulphate is an example of Single nutrient fertilizers
 with 82% N has the highest amount of N among all fertilizers; contained in pressure tanks and
is usually custom- applied by injecting into the soil; Ammonia gas is basic, pungent and
colorless Anhydrous ammonia
 The mineral matter component of soils makes up about 45%
 Color of minerals is not a good basis for identification. The dark color of igneous rocks is
usually caused by: ferromagnesian minerals
 Imparts yellowish color to soils goethite
 If silica and sesquioxides exist in subsoil, the symbol is written as Bqs
 The patent for production of world’s first phosphate fertilizer was received in 1842 by? J.B
Lawes
 Who coined the word “pedology”? F.A. Fallou
 A red soil is generally acidic
 Soil texture refers to the coarseness or fineness of a soil sand is gritty
 Soil texture that would be best for growing lowland rice clay loam
 Type of soil structure that is best for growing upland crops Crumb
 The solid component of soil is composed of how many percent? 50%
 Pedon is the smallest volume that can be observed for purposes of soil classification. What is
its range of dimension? 1-10 m2
 Most of the chemical as well as the physical properties of the soil is influenced by what
particular parent material(s)? minerals
 Sign of poor drainage bluish gray mottles
 Describes the strength of color chroma
 Soil texture could be determined in the laboratory by: hydrometer method
 In relation to crop production sandy soils are known to be: all of the above
 The relative proportion of soil separates in a soil mass is called soil texture sand, silt and clay
are soil separates
 A dynamic natural body on the surface of the earth on which plants grow, composed of mineral
and organic materials and living forms Soil
 Natural soil aggregates peds
 The two forming factors that normally show the greatest variation from one geographic region
to another are: climate and vegetation
 The molten mass from where igneous rocks solidify from is: magma
 One side of a pedon profile
 What particular group of parent materials is abundant in the Philippine soil?  igneous rocks
 The movement of materials out of a portion of a soil profile eluviation
 Which is a transition horizon with contrasting properties? A/B
 Which among these is a soil moisture regime? udic and ustic
 An A-C horizon is common to the order Entisol
 Which category is named after local places and normally the first profile was described therein
series
 If a pedon contains 20% or more OM, then the possible order is Histosol
 If udic is a moisture regime, isohyperthermic is what condition temperature
 The presence of sodium the soil indicates this horizon natric
 A coating of iron in soil particles is called ferran
 The newest soil order is Gellisol
 Entisols that are sandy in nature are named as Psamments
 Vertic Xerofluvents is an example of intragrade subgroup
 A soil found in a very dry climate but with argillic horizon and a duripan is named as Durargids
 In naming soils, two formative elements combined together will form suborder
 Soil type is composed of the soil series name and soil texture
 Vertisols are commonly called “the cracking clay soils”. What kind of clay mineral dominates in
the soil that make them cracks during dry season? Montmorillonite
 Maligaya clay is a soil type commonly found in the Philippine Rice Research Institute. What is
the series name of the soil? Maligaya
 A simple mapping unit in detailed soil survey which is a grouping of soils which are alike in
their characteristics and behavior in the landscape is soil variant
 In the description of individual horizon, the first thing to do is delineate horizons
 Histosols have this epipedon histic
 Which is not a subdivision horizon? Ap Ap is an example of a subordinate distinctions within
master horizons.
 A surface horizon of an inorganic soil that is plowed is written in symbol Ap
 A topsoil of an inorganic soil that is rich in humus and cultivated is symbolized as Aph
 Which symbol is not included in soil taxonomy? R Bedrock is not considered as soil horizon.
 Which is an intragrade subgroup name? Histic Tropaquoll
 Which is a subgroup name? all of these
 These properties are under chemical properties of the soil that affect the behavior of elements
and consequently the growth of plants Cation and anion exchange capacity and pH
 The most favorable soil pH is about pH 6.5 The most favorable soil pH for most of the
agricultural crops is between pH 6.0 and 7.0 or an optimum of about 6.5.
 The usual remedy when the soil pH is extremely low or acidic Application of lime
 In soils having the same pH, the amount of lime to be applied may differ due to varying
Buffering capacity
 It is the degree by which the exchange sites in colloids are saturated with basic cations Base
saturation
 Sodic soils have greater than 15% of their cation exchange sites occupied by Na+. Sodic soils
may be reclaimed through Application of gypsum
 Salinity of soils is because of the presence of excessive salts of Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+ and K+
 Salinity can cause ___ in plants Water stress
 Humus represents Organic colloids
 Besides neutralizing soil acidity, lime like CaCO3 may also:  Improve soil structure
 Sodic soils have high exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) and are Highly dispersed
 Colloid is the seat of chemical activity which consist of: Silicate and non-silicate minerals
 What process(es) cause soil acidification All of the above
 Which is not a characteristic of upland soils?  Nutrient elements exist in their reduced state
 Which is not a characteristic of lowland soils? Nutrient elements exist generally in their
oxidized state
 Iron deficiency is commonly observed in these types of soils: Alkaline soils
 The basic structural units of clay minerals are the __ and ______ linked into crystal sheets of
either 1:1 or 2:1 expanding and non-expanding lattices silica tetrahedron and aluminum
octahedron
 These are properties of colloids which make them highly reactive All of the above
 The negative charges arise from ____ in crystal lattice. Isomorphous substitution
 The negative charges arise from _____ in broken edges of crystals or in carboxyl or phenolic
groups of organic colloids. Dissociation of hydroxyl ions
 Under strongly acidic conditions, colloid obtain these charges and therefore, are able to adsorb
anions. Positive charges
 It is the capacity of the soil to adsorb and exchange cations with the surrounding solution or
plant roots. Cation exchange capacity
 Ion exchange in soils is All of the above Cation exchange in soils are instantaneous, reversible
and stoichiometric.
 The capability of the soil to supply the nutrients in the right amounts and proportions to meet
the nutrient requirement of the crop, as affected by soil properties and condition. Soil Fertility
 The movement of ions from a zone of high concentration to a zone of low concentration.
Diffusion
 Among elements, what are the elements directly come from the atmosphere? C H O
 Quick and precise methods of evaluating soil fertility status Soil Analysis
 The plant is deficient in this nutrient element if the new leaves (top of plant) are distorted or
irregularly shaped. Causes blossom- end rot.  Ca
 Terminal buds die, witches’ brooms form describes the deficiency symptoms of  B
 The Symptoms of this element appear in older leaves first. Mg
 There is only one element (either N, P2o5, or K2O). Single fertilizer
 Which of the following is a Single Fertilizer Ammonium sulphate
 The assumed to be the most available form the ionic/ available forms of the 16 essential
elements. Solution form
 Nutrient concentration in the plant tissue below which deficiency is termed as. Critical Level
 This Fertilizer has highest N content among the solid N- fertilizers (NH2)2CO; Hygroscopic and
100% soluble Urea
 This fertilizer has 82% N and has the highest amount of N among all fertilizers; contained in
pressure tanks and is usually custom- applied by injecting into the soil; Ammonia gas is basic,
pungent and colorless Anhydrous ammonia
 This Fertilizer contains 20% P2O5; pelleted as grayish granules and has a faint acid odor;
about 85% of the P is water soluble and it contains traces of other nutrient elements Ordinary
superphosphate
 Relative proportion of each of the primary nutrients N, P2O5 and K2O in a fertilizer material.
Fertilizer Ratio
 Which of the following Not an Immobile Elements? Zn
 Which of the following is immobile Elements Bo
 Constituent of amino acids, proteins and nucleic acids (DNA, RNA). It is also an integral part of
chlorophyll molecule and associated with high photosynthetic activity, vigorous vegetative
growth, dark green color of leaves and succulence of tissues N
 Mechanisms of nutrient movement in which the nutrients come in contact with the root push
their way through the soil Root Interception
 Which of the following is NOT a Factor affecting root interception (anything that restricts root
growth)?  High aeration
 Which of the following is NOT a Factor affecting mass flow None of the Above
 Soil texture can be described effectively in the field through fell and roll method
 Granite is an example of what type of rock? Igneous rock
 It is the most active and effective weathering process Chemical weathering
 This is the inorganic and organic matter where soil may originate Parent material
 It is the percentage of water after the soil has been saturated and allowed to drain for 2-3 days
Field capacity
 It is the weight per unit volume of soil particles not including the pore spaces Particle density
 It is the sequence of soil layers which are exposed when a pit is dug to a depth of about four
feet Soil Profile
 The hardest mineral is diamond
 Structureless soil massive/single-grained
 Characteristic feel of silt separates when rubbed in between the two fingers is: smooth
 Refers to the abundance of stones stoniness
 Smallest volume off soil that can be considered a soil individual or body ped
 Who made the law governing the movement of water in the soil Darcy
 This is a process involved in soil horizon formation wherein there are changes to soil structure,
development of clay mineral, weathering of minerals to elements and chemical reaction
Transformation
 Oxisols is a name under the category order
 If clay particles coated a coarse-textured soil like loamy sand, the term for the coated soil is
argillan
 Which connecting word is used when the difference between the mean summer and mean
winter temperatures is less than 5oC? Iso
 A very young soil deposited from rivers having torric temperature regime and an ustic moisture
regime is named as Torrifluvepts
 The first information to collect in profile description is on information on the site
 A word use in mineralogy but not mineral itself mixed
 Before soil sampling is done whether profile or surface, the first thing is homogenizing the area
 The parent material of a mineral soil is designated as C
 Which category is named after local places and normally the first profile was described
therein? Series
 The standard depth of a soil profile for description to characterize a taxonomic unit is 2.0 m
 Sampling a profile must start from bottom
 Ultisols with ustic moisture regime are named as Ustults
 The fourth layer of a parent material is symbolized as C4
 The face or wall of the profile for description is one that is facing the sun
 Illuviation of clay is symbolized by this letter t
 Colloids range in particle size from: 0.2-1 micron
 The net charge of most agricultural soil is Negative
 At very low pH, available P may be precipitated as Al-hydroxyapatite
 Iron toxicity is commonly observed in this type of soils Acid soils
 Calculate the weight (g) of Ca2+ needed to replace 1g of H+. 20
 A soil has a pH of 5.5 and a CEC of 20 me/100g. The grower needs to lime the soil to pH 6.5.
If the %BS at pH 5.5 is 50% and 75% at pH 6.5, calculate the amount of CaCO3 required to
raise the pH of 1 hectare of soil 10 tons CaCO3/ha
 Isomorphous substitution of cations gives clay minerals: Permanent charge
 A soil with pH of 4.0 has a H+ ion concentration of: 0.0004
 Besides neutralizing soil acidity lime like CaCO3 may also: Improve soil structure
 Sodic soils have high exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) and are Highly aggregated
 Soil is considered acidic when concentration of H+ is greater than OH-
 It is considered as the start of aggregation Dispersion
 The ion that replaces the Si in the tetrahedron Al3+
 when the fertilizer is spread evenly on the soil surface; suitable for rice crop since they are
closely planted Broadcast
 An erosion process in which numerous small channels of only several centimeters in depth are
formed Channel erosion
 Tropical kudzu, centrosema, calopogonium, guinea grass, para grass, napier grass, alabang x
is recommended in this cropping system.  Cover cropping
 The soil's vulnerability or proneness to erosion which is influenced by infiltration capacity and
structural stability of the soil.  Soil Erodibility
 Which of the following is Not an ponsite Effects of Soil Erosion Destruction of crops and
animals downstream
 The ratio of soil loss under a given crop to that from the base soil is called C factor
 Which among these indicates no erosion to occur? Infiltration rate greater than rainfall intensity
 fertilizer is applied around the base of the or tree Ring
 Fertilizer is applied along the bottom of furrow. In-the-row
 Calculate the amount of ammonium sulfate needed to fertilize a 4m x 5m size of the
recommendation calls for the application of 90 kg N/ hectare?  0. 857 kg
 Which among the different soils demands split application of N fertilizer? Coarse texture
 For sure to be fertile, must-have conditions favorable for the normal development and a
functioning of plant roots. Which among the soil is not a characteristic of a fertile soil? High
bulk density
 Type of erosion in which the soil particles are detached due to the impact of raindrops and
splashed at a longer distance in the downslope than in the upslope direction. Sheet erosion
