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CHAPTER
CHAPTER
CHAPTER II
The findings of this study have been analyzed and presented using a
College of Ormoc, Inc. for the quantitative data, and conducted interviews for
the qualitative data to 3 randomly selected nursing students in each year level
the background of the students in terms of age, gender, year level, and civil
status; the student nurse stress index; and the perceived factors affecting the
the 1st semester of the school year of the school year 2022-2023. Were
textual analysis.
age, gender, and civil status. A total of 200 (100%) respondents were
Table 1
Profile of the Respondents
n=200 (100%)
f %
Profile Indicators
n=200 100%
Age 18-20 85 42.50%
21-23 96 48%
24 years old and 19 9.50%
above
Total 200 100.00%
Gender Male 33 16.50%
Female 167 83.50%
Total 200 100.00%
Civil Status Single 198 99%
Married 2 1%
Total 200 100%
TOTAL 200 100%
Among the 200 respondents 85 of them are in the age range of 18-20,
96 are 21-23 years old and 19 of them are 24 years old and above. Among
200 respondents 33 of them are males and 167 are females. Among 200
Presented in Tables 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, and 2.4 are the stress experience of
student nurses from Level I to IV. The tool that the researchers used was the
pressures that have an impact on nursing students during their education and
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training. Jones and Johnston are the authors who published the Student
response categories and indicates the perceived level of stress for each item,
category that best reflects their perception of stress for each item from the
available options on the Likert scale, which in this case goes from “Not
Stressful”.
The Student Nurse Stress Index consists of 15 items that cover a wide
fear of failing in the course, personal health problems, physical health of family
other professionals, too much responsibility, and lack of timely feedback about
performance.
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Table 2.1
Stress Experience of First Year Student Nurses
Indicators Mean Interpretation
1 Amount of classwork material to be 2.8 Moderately
learned. Stressful
2 Difficulty of classwork material to be 2.58 Moderately
learned. Stressful
3 Examination and/or grades. 2.9 Moderately
Stressful
4 Peer competition. 2.04 Mildly
Stressful
5 Attitudes/expectations of other 2.48 Mildly
professionals toward nursing. Stressful
6 Lack of free time. 2.52 Moderately
Stressful
7 College/School response to student 2.48 Mildly
needs. Stressful
8 Fear of failing in course./program. 3.36 Very Stressful
9 Actual personal health problems. 2.28 Moderately
Stressful
10 Physical health of other family members. 2.2 Mildly
Stressful
11 Relationship with parents. 1.8 Mildly
Stressful
12 Other personal problems. 2.52 Moderately
Stressful
13 Relations with other professionals. 2.06 Mildly
Stressful
14 Too much responsibility. 2.84 Moderately
Stressful
15 Lack of timely feedback about 2.66 Moderately
performance. Stressful
Grand Mean 2.5 Moderately
Stressful
PARAMETER OF LIMITS
Very Stressful 4 3.25-4.00
Moderately
Stressful 3 2.52-3.25
Mildly Stressful 2 1.76-2.50
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are four (4) categories namely: Very Stressful which falls into the range 3.25
having a range of 2.52 to 3.25 with high resilience, mildly stressful in 1.76 to
2.50 with a fair resilience, and the not stressful which is 1.00-1.75 with poor
resilience interpretation.
numerous variables. Each indicator is given a mean value, and these values
of 3.36. According to an article, there are several reasons that fear of failing in
failing, which causes them to neglect their studies and give up in the hopes
that doing nothing will protect them from the negative emotions that come with
academic ability are frequently seen to have this concern. Students might
The question “Too much responsibility” has the second highest mean of
required responsibilities than adults, which causes stress. Students who have
a lot of worries about their studies, jobs, and other obligations may develop
The question “Lack of timely feedback about performance” has the third
highest mean of 2.66. Feedback has always played a crucial part in the history
of the study of learning: "When people are trying to learn new skills, they must
get some information that tells them whether or not they are doing the proper
The question “Relationship with parents” has the lowest mean of 1.8
among all the questions. Relationships with parents can also cause stress to
the students. Students are aware of and strive to live up to their parents'
stress and has a negative effect on their academic success. (Kumar &Jadaun,
2018)
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Table 2.2
Stress Experience of Second Year Student Nurses
Indicators Mean Interpretation
1 Amount of classwork material to be learned. 3.12 Moderately
Stressful
2 Difficulty of classwork material to be learned. 2.92 Moderately
Stressful
3 Examination and/or grades. 3.3 Very Stressful
4 Peer competition. 2.12 Mildly Stressful
5 Attitudes/expectations of other professionals toward nursing. 3.08 Moderately
Stressful
6 Lack of free time. 3 Moderately
Stressful
7 College/School response to student needs. 2.78 Moderately
Stressful
8 Fear of failing in course. 3.68 Very Stressful
9 Actual personal health problems. 2.66 Moderately
Stressful
10 Physical health of other family members. 2.62 Moderately
Stressful
11 Relationship with parents. 1.78 Mildly Stressful
12 Other personal problems. 2.58 Moderately
Stressful
13 Relations with other professionals. 2.28 Mildly Stressful
14 Too much responsibility. 3.32 Very Stressful
15 Lack of timely feedback about performance. 2.94 Moderately
Stressful
Grand Mean 2.812 Moderately
Stressful
PARAMETER OF LIMITS
Very Stressful 4 3.25-4.00
Moderately
Stressful 3 2.52-3.25
Mildly Stressful 2 1.76-2.50
are four (4) categories namely: Very Stressful which falls into the range 3.25
having a range of 2.52 to 3.25 with high resilience, mildly stressful in 1.76 to
2.50 with a fair resilience, and the not stressful which is 1.00-1.75 with poor
resilience interpretation.
across numerous variables. Each indicator is given a mean value, and these
stress and anxiety. Students report that these anxieties have a severe impact
college students deal with emotions of loneliness, fueled by the anxiety that
second highest mean of 3.32. According to previous study, it has been found
that when students have a lot of homework, they find it difficult to meet their
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developmental needs and learn essential life skills. In short, this suggests that
students are more likely to give up their interests, cut back on social
Students were asked about any health concerns they had, such as
part of the survey that was undertaken. The results of the student poll clearly
showed how having a lot of schoolwork led to sleep deprivation and other
health issues.
The question “Too much responsibility” has the third highest mean of
3.12. Students may find it difficult to efficiently manage their time because
The question “Relationship with parents” has the lowest mean of 1.78.
Parents usually have high expectations for their children’s academic success,
and goals that differ from those of their parents, which could cause a conflict
Table 2.3
Stress Experience of Third Year Student Nurses
Indicators Mean Interpretation
1 Amount of classwork material to be learned. 3.18 Moderately
Stressful
2 Difficulty of classwork material to be learned. 3.08 Moderately
Stressful
3 Examination and/or grades. 3.32 Very Stressful
4 Peer competition. 2.28 Mildly
Stressful
5 Attitudes/expectations of other professionals toward 2.86 Moderately
nursing. Stressful
6 Lack of free time. 2.92 Moderately
Stressful
7 College/School response to student needs. 2.7 Moderately
Stressful
8 Fear of failing in course. 3.6 Very Stressful
9 Actual personal health problems. 2.66 Moderately
Stressful
10 Physical health of other family members. 2.38 Moderately
Stressful
11 Relationship with parents. 2.04 Mildly
Stressful
12 Other personal problems. 2.78 Moderately
Stressful
13 Relations with other professionals. 2.24 Mildly
Stressful
14 Too much responsibility. 3.18 Moderately
Stressful
15 Lack of timely feedback about performance. 2.82 Moderately
Stressful
Grand Mean 2.8 Moderately
Stressful
PARAMETER OF LIMITS
Very Stressful 4 3.25-4.00
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Moderately
Stressful 3 2.52-3.25
Mildly Stressful 2 1.76-2.50
Not Stressful 1 1.00-1.75
are four (4) categories namely: Very Stressful which falls into the range 3.25
having a range of 2.52 to 3.25 with high resilience, mildly stressful in 1.76 to
2.50 with a fair resilience, and the not stressful which is 1.00-1.75 with poor
resilience interpretation.
across numerous variables. Each indicator is given a mean value, and these
there is a clear link between the pressure parents and teachers put on their
children to perform well in school and the widespread mental health crises that
affect children, teenagers, and college students. The rate of anxiety, sadness,
and even suicidal thoughts has significantly increased, with academic stress
based on grades appearing as the main reason for this worrisome rise.
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and gain important life abilities when they have a lot of homework. This
basically means that children are more likely to stop pursuing their hobbies,
limit their social interactions with friends and family, and miss extracurricular
activities. As part of the study, students were questioned about any health
sleep, weight loss, and gastrointestinal issues. The survey results from the
anxiety of falling behind or being unable to keep up with the speed of the
course. Students could worry about their capacity to understand the material,
finish their tasks, or do well on tests. Stress might be brought on by the worry
The question “Relationship with parents” has the lowest mean of 2.04.
Students may experience stress if their parents are not providing them with
with difficulties or a period of stress can raise stress levels and impact their
overall well-being.
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Table 2.4
Stress Experience of Fourth Year Student Nurses
Indicators Mean Interpretation
1 Amount of classwork material to be learned. 2.8 Moderately
Stressful
2 Difficulty of classwork material to be learned. 2.78 Moderately
Stressful
3 Examination and/or grades. 3.18 Moderately
Stressful
4 Peer competition. 2.3 Mildly Stressful
5 Attitudes/expectations of other professionals 2.6 Moderately
toward nursing. Stressful
6 Lack of free time. 2.6 Moderately
Stressful
7 College/School response to student needs. 2.54 Moderately
Stressful
8 Fear of failing in course. 3.32 Very Stressful
9 Actual personal health problems. 2.64 Moderately
Stressful
10 Physical health of other family members. 2.46 Mildly Stressful
11 Relationship with parents. 1.94 Mildly Stressful
12 Other personal problems. 2.4 Mildly Stressful
13 Relations with other professionals. 2.28 Mildly Stressful
14 Too much responsibility. 2.72 Moderately
Stressful
15 Lack of timely feedback about performance. 2.56 Moderately
Stressful
Grand Mean 2.6 Moderately
Stressful
PARAMETER OF LIMITS
Very Stressful 4 3.25-4.00
Moderately
Stressful 3 2.52-3.25
Mildly Stressful 2 1.76-2.50
Not Stressful 1 1.00-1.75
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are four (4) categories namely: Very Stressful which falls into the range 3.25
having a range of 2.52 to 3.25 with high resilience, mildly stressful in 1.76 to
2.50 with a fair resilience, and the not stressful which is 1.00-1.75 with poor
resilience interpretation.
across numerous variables. Each indicator is given a mean value, and these
The question “Fear of failing the course” has the highest mean of 3.32.
Students may work more on their academic assignments when they are
feeling moderately scared and rational. For instance, many students complete
their homework because they are afraid of upsetting the teacher; others
behave well in class to get to go outside; yet others prepare for final
hand because their minds are too preoccupied attempting to manage the
associated tension and worry. (Ashcraft and Kirk, 2001) It was proposed that
moderate fear of failing, which would help them do better. This hypothesis is
consistent with the findings in the preceding section. But prior research has
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also indicated that a larger fear of failure may endanger a person's social and
during each semester, with the biggest sources coming from taking and
studying for examinations, competing for grades, and having a lot of material
The question “Too much responsibility” has the third highest mean of
required responsibilities than adults, which causes stress. Students who have
a lot of worries about their studies, jobs, and other obligations may develop
The question “Relationship with parents” has the lowest mean of 1.94.
Relationships with parents can also cause stress to the students. Students are
children fall short of their parents' expectations, it causes stress and has a
Table 2.5
Student Nurse Stress Index of All Participants
Indicators Mean Interpretation
behavior throughout their first semester of the academic year based on the 15
The interpretation that is seen in Tale 2.5 from the first year to fourth year is
the same. According to the Adaptation Theory (1976) by Sister Callista Roy
which stated that “Human systems have thinking and feeling capacities,
changes in the environment and, in turn, affect the environment.” The first-
of the transition from senior high school to college. Most students are not used
because they were having online classes during their first year. According to
Dyer, Pettyjohn, and Saladyr (2020), it should be expected that students will
use whatever is available to them in a take- home or online test. The third-
and fourth-year students also have the same result because of all the quizzes,
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return demonstrations, and the duties that they’ve encountered. They cannot
describe it as very stressful because most of the activities are adjusted by the
Clinical Instructors to not happen at the same time to avoid the students
performance while studying in the 1st semester of the school year 2022-
2023?
students in fourth year level, they are currently experiencing extreme laziness
in doing their class assignments, being distracted by online games and have
difficulties in their situation as there are now more tasks and responsibilities
compared to before when they could handle them easily. One first year
kahibaw unsay angay nako nga nga study habit.” (I have been extremely lazy
until now, and I still don't know what study habits I should adopt.) A second-
year student said ““Di ko kamao mo manage sa ako time, maong naglisod sa
ako pagskwela kay sige ko og duwa mga online games.” (I struggle with time
spend a lot of time playing online games.) The one fourth-year student said,
mo abot naman dayun sa ako hunahuna na mag cellphone ko.” (I admit that I
tend to get lazy sometimes because of the many tasks to be done, that is why
I can't manage my time well and I end up getting delayed. There are times
when I plan to read my notes or books, but then I end up using my cellphone
instead.) and lastly, the other fourth year also answered, “Nabag-ohan ko sa
kadaghan og buhatonon dili pareha sa una nga ako na agian nga year nga
kaayo og duty nya mag klase pami, mag quiz og mag exam sad.” (I have been
According to three students each in first year, second year, and third
year level. They’re experiencing stress due to financial problems. One first
year student said “Naglisod ko og adjust sa mga bayranan kay abi nako sa
tun’anan gamay nalang ang oras na maka tog ko unya mag luya na nua ko sa
tuition covered everything, but it turns out there are other fees that need to be
paid. With the numerous expenses and limited income, I have very little time
student said “Naglisod ko karon financially kay daghan bayranan, unya nag
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tika dako nasad ang tuition. Naa pay books, gamit for retdems and uban pa
numerous expenses, and the tuition fees have also increased significantly.
Additionally, there are still expenses for books, supplies for projects, and other
tuiton tungod sa mga problema sa balay. Daghan pagud kaayo mi mga mag
igsuon og halos kami tanan nag skwela pa og mahal kaayo ang tuition.” (I am
number of siblings, and almost all of us are still studying, which makes the
tuition costs very high.) Due to financial problems, they’re having a hard time
focusing on their studies, have little time to rest, and feel exhausted from
school.
parents and people around them. The student said, “Ma pressure ko sa
expectation sa ako mama og papa nako og sa uban tao nga naa sa akong
people around me.) “As a result, they feel stressed and anxious, which
wala nako na and nga diri na sa skwelahan mag klase og mag quiz.” (Back
when classes were conducted online, I couldn't listen to the lessons properly
due to our slow internet connection, and I was often tempted to use my
quizzes outside of the school premises.) Due to this she finds it difficult to
answer quizzes.
important in her life. She said “Dili kaayo ko maka tarong sa ako pagskwela
karon tungod bag’o lang pod ko nawad’an og tao nga importante sa ako
sad koy gipaminaw na sakit na GERD.” (I'm having a hard time focusing on
Ormoc. I also suffer from lack of sleep, which makes it even more challenging.
barkada karon nga dili mo sud sa klase tungod mang laag lang og mag inom-
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inom. Imbis sauna okay ragud unta ako grado karon dili na” due to him being
influenced by his peers this leads to him getting low grades which causes him