Slide 1: (SELF-INTRODUCTION)

Good day Everyone! My name is Jessiela N. Iglesia. For Today's lesson, we’ll be
tackling Hypothesis Testing.

Slide 2:
What is Hypothesis? Hypothesis is a premise or claim that we want to test. -Sa
madaling salita, ito ay ating assumption lamang.

Statistical Hypothesis it is a conjecture about the population parameter. This

conjecture may or may not be true.
-So ibig sabihin ito ay conclusion na pwedeng maging resulta ay totoo o maaring
ding hindi totoo.

Hypothesis Testing - Dito naman sa Hypothesis Testing, ito ay isang technique na

gumagamit ng experimental decisions upang mapatunayan kung ang ating
Hypothesis o Assumption ay totoo nga ba o hindi.

Slide 3:
so meron tayo ditong 5-step procedure sa Critical Value Approach.

First, State the null and alternative hypothesis

Next is we have to Choose a fixed significance level "a"

Then, Choose an appropriate test statistic and establish the critical region based
on "a" Number 4, Reject Ho if the computed test statistic is in the critical region.
Otherwise do not reject.

Lastly, Draw scientific or engineering conclusions

Slide 4:
We have 2 Types of Hypothesis, First one is, Null Hypothesis. Ang symbol nito ay
"H zero", samantalang Ang Alternative Hypothesis Naman ay "H one" Ang Null
Hypothesis, ito ay yung main assumption natin tungkol sa isang bagay.
On the other hand, Alternative Hypothesis, from the word itself alternative,
meaning "panghalili o pamalit" ibig sabihin nagkaroon ng pagbabago sa ating
assumption o Hypothesis, maaring yung inakala nating assumption ay mali pala,
kaya nagkakaroon tayo ng ikalawang assumption o tinatawag nating Alternative
Hypothesis.

Slide 5:
We have here Example: (Read Example no.1)

Para ma determine natin ang Null Hypothesis at Alternative Hypothesis sa given

Example. Dapat lang nating i-check palagi ang statement or sentence... Since and
Null Hypothesis, ito yung main assumption natin sa given problem kaya kung
mapapansin natin sa 1st sentence, gumagamit ito ng word na "It is believed"
meaning iyon raw ang pinaka pinaniniwalaan ng lahat.

On the other hand, masasabi nating Alternative Hypothesis ang 2nd sentence
dahil nagkaroon ito ng ibang ideya sa paniniwala ng lahat. Kumabaga 2nd option
ito.

Therefore, ang Null Hypothesis natin ay ang 1st sentence, while ang Alternative
Hypothesis natin ay ang 2nd sentence.

Slide 6:
TEST STATISTICS
we have here Level of Confidence,
it measures how confident we are that conclusions are correct

LEVEL OF CONFIDENCE - measures how confident we are that are conclusions are
correct. α= 1-C

LEVEL OF SIGNIFICANCE “a” - Probability of rejecting the null hypothesis when it

is true. (TYPE 1 Error)

Z-TEST – It is used when n is greater than or equal 30

T-TEST – is used when n is less than 30

Slide 7:
ONE-TAILED TEST VS. TWO-TAILED TEST

Sa One-tailed test, the critical area of a distribution is one-sided, but not both.
- Kung makikita natin sa 1st figure ng graph, located yung shaded region or
tinatawag nating REJECTION REGION solely sa left side ng graph.

While ang Two-tailed Test naman ay the critical area of a distribution is two-sided
at Equal raw ito.
- Meaning yung magkabilang side na REJECTION REGION na makikita natin sa 2nd
figure na graph ay parehas daw ang value nila…

Slide 8:

Sa figure naman na ito, meron tayong halimbawa ng two-tailed test graph, na

kung saan tig dedemonstrate o ipinapakita lang nito kung alin ang non-rejected
and rejected region sa isang graph.

Since halimbawa ito ng two-tailed test, kinakailangang EQUAL ang value ng

rejected region both sides kaya naman dinivide sa 2 yung “a” which is yung
Significance level natin.

Slide 9:
SIGNIFICANCE TESTING
We have here 4 step procedure in P-value approach
(BASAHIN LAHAT)

Slide 10:

PROBABILITY VALUE
(READ DEFINITION)
Conclusion of P-test:
First conclusion, If the p-value is lower, reject the null hypothesis, and make the
conclusion that supports the potential change

Second conclusion, If the p-value is higher, fail to reject the null hypothesis, and
make the conclusion that supports the status quo.

Slide 11:
We have here Example no.1:
(READ THE GIVEN PROBLEM)

Slide 12:
Based sa given problem, meron tayong Given na
mean = 67,700
Mu = 63,000
standard deviation = 5,250
n = 35

Sa 1st Step, we need to identify the hypothesis and identify the claim. Bale ang
Null Hypothesis natin ay "The average salary of College Dean is Mu=63,000”
Alternative Hypothesis naman ay "The average salary of College Dean is more
than 63,000"

Step 2: Given ang level of Significance na a = 0.01, maaring nating makuha ang
"critical z value" na 2.3263 sa pamamagitan ng T-Distributipn Table....

Step 3: Pwede na tayo mag compute for Z-Value, Since ang n > 30, pwede tayong
gumamit ng Z Test.

Ngayong meron na tayong value ng Z-Value na 5.3 at Critical Z value na 2.3263.

Pwede na tayo mag decide kung I-aaccept ba natin o i-rereject ba natin ang Null
Hypothesis natin. Since the Critical Value is less than tabulated Z... we reject the
Null hypothesis.
Therefore we can conclude that there is enough evidence to support the claim of
Alternative Hypothesis.