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TRƯỜNG THPT CHUYÊN BÌNH LONG KỲ THI CHỌN HỌC SINH GIỎI QUỐC GIA
LỚP 12 THPT NĂM 2022
Mock test 6 Môn: TIẾNG ANH

Thời gian: 180 phút (không kể thời gian giao đề)

( đề thi gồm 18 trang) Ngày thi: 5/03/2022

I. LISTENING (5 points)
HƯỚNG DẪN PHẦN THI NGHE HIỂU
 Bài nghe gồm 4 phần, mỗi phần được nghe 2 lần, mỗi lần cách nhau 15 giây, mở đầu và kết thúc
mỗi phần nghe có tín hiệu.
 Mở đầu và kết thúc bài nghe có tín hiệu nhạc. Thí sinh có 3 phút để hoàn chỉnh bài trước tín hiệu
nhạc kết thúc bài nghe.
 Mọi hướng dẫn cho thí sinh (bằng tiếng Anh) đã có trong bài nghe.

Part 1. For questions 1-5, listen to a talk about five key global issues. What does the speaker say
about each of the issues? Choose five answers from the box and write the correct letter, A-J, in the
corresponding numbered boxes provided.

A. Clashes between forces within a newly-formed country cause heavy death toll and looming
starvation
B. Under a new zero-tolerance policy, children were forced to work in cages
C. A peace agreement was signed, ending years of civil war
D. The authority is reportedly detaining populations of an ethnic group in a bid to re-educate them
E. World powers help to resolve a civil conflict by backing Saudi Arabia’s campaign
F. An inhumane policy faced immense public opposition and political pressure
G. Military forces commit atrocities against a minority group, resulting in mass migration.
H. The government attacks a religious minority group in an effort to crack down on freedom of speech
I. Some countries place travel restrictions on civilians to prevent them from fleeing across borders
J. A civil conflict broke out, followed by military intervention from neighbouring countries.

Global issues
1. China’s internment camps
2. Rohingya crisis
3. South Sudan’s civil war
4. Conflict in Yemen
5. U.S. family separation

Part 2. For questions 6-10, listen to a talk about America’s most promising artificial intelligence
companies and answer the questions. Write NO MORE THAN FIVE WORDS taken from the
recording for each answer in the corresponding numbered boxes provided.
6. Which technique is implemented by Sequoia to single out the top 100 best AI manufacturers?
7. According to the expert, what is the real definition of AI?
8. What is the prediction of optimum or correctness level mentioned to illustrate?
9. Which line of product does the company Nuro zero in on this year?

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10. Besides customer satisfaction, what aspect of businesses would benefit from the widely selected
development scheme?

Part 3. For questions 11-15, listen to part of an interview with Miriam Baker, a psychologist, about
how social media has changed self-expression and choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which fits best
according to what you hear. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided.

11. According to Miriam, what is the main reason people feel the need to create perfect images of
their lives on social media?
A They are hoping to attract more friends.
B They want their lives to seem more exciting.
C They are in need of validation.
D They have very unhappy lives.

12. In Miriam's view, the average user of social media is

A driven and only interested in self-gratification.
B lonely and looking for meaningful connections.
C curious and concerned with their surroundings.
D volatile and confused about what they want.

13. When discussing her own experience with social media, Miriam reveals
A her unexpected pleasure at the response.
B her desire to engage with it more.
C her worry of becoming addicted.
D her anxiety of not being accepted.

14. Miriam compares media in the past with social media today to
A highlight the reduction in consumption.
B focus on the differing subject matter.
C explain the difference in the audience.
D illustrate the variety of content.

15. What advice does Miriam give about combating `Digital Narcissism'?
A Be true to who you really are.
B Try to post more meaningful content.
C Focus on others and not yourself.
D Do things that increase your self-esteem

Part 4. For questions 16-25, listen to a talk about déjà vu and supply the blanks with the missing
information. Write NO MORE THAN FOUR WORDS taken from the recording for each answer in
the space provided.

The feeling of living through the present situation once before is described as
16.______________________.
Besides youngsters and movie fans, 17.______________________ are more likely to experience déjà
vu than others.
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For a long time, this occurrence had been attributed to 18.______________________ disturbances
before a 19.______________________ coined the French word déjà vu, literally meaning “already
seen”.
The first possible explanation for this illusion is 20.______________________ where a person
experiences the current sensory twice successively.
Another theory on the cause of déjà vu, dual processing, mentions a 21.______________________
when two cognitive processes are uncoupled.
There are also some speculations that déjà vu results from errors around a major component of the brain
called 22.______________________. However, this is refuted by further research which claims that
déjà vu involves the 23.______________________ of the brain.
One suggested method of studying déjà vu is examining those suffering from
24.______________________.
Another approach is looking at 25.______________________ as the origin of déjà vu could lie in the
mysterious universe.

II. LEXICO-GRAMMAR (2 points)

Part 1. For questions 26-40, choose the correct answer A, B, C, or D to each of the following
questions.

26. Sandy stole my ___________ when she announced that she was pregnant two days before I'd
planned to tell people about my pregnancy.
A. thunder cướp công của ai B. limelight C. stage D. mind
27. Dressed in a bright red suit for the wedding, Jack apparently was making a ___________ of himself.
A. mess B. light C. spectacle D. spot
28. You don’t have the sound business ___________ that is necessary for success so I would advise you
to find another career.
A. starkness B. acumen C. punditry D. wit
29. More than 500 ___________ were involved in the coronation scene of Puyi in “The last Emperor”.
A. adjuncts B. appendages C. extras D. additives
30. Entering the National Competition for the gifted ___________ tremendous concentration and effort.
A. stipulates B. extracts C. exacts D. inquires
Stipulate: đặt điều kiện, quy định
Extract: trích xuất
Exact: giải quyết vấn đề, yêu cầu sự tập trung, nỗ lực lớn
31. Despite their disagreement, the representatives of the two nations managed to reach a(n)
___________ settlement, bringing temporary peace for both sides.
A. affable B. fraternal C. amiable D. amicable
Affable: thân thiên, dễ gần

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Fraternal: tình cảm anh em

Amiable: thân thiện, dễ mến,
Amicable: thân hiện, hòa bình
32. The first successful flight in human history completed by the Wright brothers ___________ the law
of gravity and stunned everybody.
A. refuted B. defied C. quelled D. disproved
Refute: bác bỏ hoặc phủ nhận 1 tuyên bố
Defy: thách thức hoặc bất chấp
Quell: làm dịu, làm yên bình
Disprove: bác bỏ chứng cớ
33. The concert ended and the crowd quickly ___________, returning the quietness to the small town.
A. disassembled B. dissembled C. dismantled D. disgorged
34. After winning the lottery, they moved into a more ___________ house in a high-class residential
area and had a more comfortable life.
A. well-attended B. well-built C. well-appointed D. well-disposed
35. Tony, you are trying to make her believe your lies so just keep it simple, do not over-egg the
___________.
A. brulee B. pudding C. sponge D. madeleines
36. My school always forces students to follow the rules to the ___________ without caring about their
feelings.
A. book B. letter C. lines D. dots
37. Although my new house is fine, I still prefer the old one which ___________ a river.
A. backs onto B. faces off C. stands by D. sides with
38. We are required to ___________ empirical data and evidence from reliable sources to support our
argument.
A. adduce B. attest C. elicit D. accost
39. Since John is the bee’s ___________ in terms of English, it is no wonder so many friends ask him
for support in this subject.
A. wings B. knees C. antenna D. spiracle
40. There is no need to ___________ over the cracks, I know you are having problems, just tell me and I
will help you.
A. carpet B. paper C. lay D. curtain

Part 2. For questions 41-45, write the correct form of each bracketed word in the numbered space
provided

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41. The charity is facing great financial difficulties so its manager wants to turn it into a
____profitable_______ company. (PROFIT)
42. I recall being __upbraided_________ by the authorities of the hospital for being careless and
inexperienced during my first years as a doctor. (BRAID)
43. He had years of experience as a legal ___practitioner________ before he became a teacher.
(PRACTICE)
44. The booming economy has attracted a(n) ____inflow_______ of funds from both domestic and
foreign investors. (FLOW)
45. Boys and girls used to be taught separately before a nationwide movement for
____coeducation_______ grew. (EDUCATE)

III. READING (5 points)

Part 1. For questions 46-55, read the passage and fill each of the following numbered blanks
with ONE suitable word.

According to a study, pilots (46)________on long distance east-west flights maintain their stability by
(47)________on their home time. If it is noon locally when they arrive in Alaska, but midnight
(48)________ home in Paris, for example, they draw the curtains and sleep. Abroad, they try to eat the
same foods that they would eat at home, minimising the (49)________ for adaptation. The risks of
rapid adaptation are very high. It can (50)________ in costly diplomatic and business errors. Many
companies now permit a day of (51)________ for their east-west travellers before they engage in
company business. In general, however, things are far (52)________ for hospital doctors, truck drivers,
or transport workers on rotating shifts ( ca làm quay vòng). Yet, none of them would suffer a fraction of
their present stress if they were placed on stable shifts, it's better to work and live on a consistent night
shift, (53)________ social inconvenience, (54)________ to be constantly adjusting. In a study of
doctors on rotating shifts, it became clear that their complaints about insomnia and stomach upsets
tapered (55)________ when they remained on night duty for more than two weeks.

Part 2. For questions 56-68, read the following passage and do the tasks that follow.

THE EVOLUTIONARY ADAPTATION OF THE WHALE: FROM LAND TO SEA

A The evolutionary adaptation of the modern-day whale has been closely examined, with fossil
records indicating that it was once a land animal. Part of the cetacean 1 order, the largest animal on the
planet is perfectly adapted to aquatic life. The question of how and why this transitional journey from
land to sea occurred has sparked a great deal of interest in paleontological circles.

B The fossil record dates back over 50 million years. In the 1970s, scientists made an exciting
discovery in Pakistan: the fossilised remnants of an entirely new wolf-like creature, later named
pakicetus. At first, there was a great deal of ambiguity over its origin; however, later identification of
its ear bone provided compelling evidence that this new discovery was, in fact, a direct ancestor of the
modern-day whale, as the ear bone was strikingly similar to that observed today. Indeed, this
characteristic is noted in all ancestors of the whale, from prehistoric times right through to the present
day. Examination of the chemical content of the fossils allowed scientists to speculate on why
pakicetus made this transition into the water. Testing showed that the animal probably consumed a diet
of fish, implying that, although it was indeed terrestrial 2, it would have remained close to water,
feeding off the rich food source on offer. Climatic change is a widely recognised mediating factor in
evolution, forcing animals to either adapt to a new environment or perish. One theory is that the

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Earth’s climate changed, resulting in the environment becoming inhospitable, and food supplies
becoming increasingly scarce; Pakicetus therefore followed the food source - deeper into the water.

C What is apparent from the fossil record is the physical transformation that pakicetus underwent over
the next several million years, all of which facilitated better adaptation to ocean life. Ambulocetus,
commonly referred to as the ‘walking whale’, lived a few million years after pakicetus. The first signs
of the animal’s legs starting to disappear are observed; they reduced in size, and started to take on a
more flipper-like appearance. The body gradually became elongated and increasingly muscular,
allowing the animal to be more effective in the water. Examination of the fossils strongly suggested
that the creature consumed both fresh water and salt water, which means it was almost certainly
semiaquatic, living both in water and on land. More noticeable adaptations to oceanic inhabitation are
observed in rodhocetus. This creature was more streamlined, and lived predominantly in the sea.
Although it probably came onto land occasionally, it was most likely ill-adapted for walking and far
more suited to marine life. For instance, examination of skeletal remains highlights changes in posture
which allowed the animal to develop into a more efficient swimmer, most notably that its backbone
and pelvis were not connected, allowing for optimal swimming. Moreover, this transitional phase is
further highlighted as it has been hypothesised that, rather than having blubber for insulation,
rodhocetus would have still been covered in fur.

D Sometime later basilosaurus and dorudon emerged, both of which lived a fully aquatic life.
Basilosaurus is believed to be the largest prehistoric whale to have ever lived, reaching up to around 60
feet in length. In contrast, dorudon was much smaller - a mere 16 feet compared to the colossal
basilosaurus. This led to the mistaken belief that dorudon was a juvenile basilosaurus, especially given
that they shared physical similarities (however this theory was later disproved). Basilosaurus is
considered to be convincing evidence of whale evolution, as remains of the creature indicate that it had
small back legs which, of course, were not used for the purpose of walking, but were simply retained
from its ancestors. While basilosaurus eventually died out, dorudon lived on, eventually evolving into
the modern-day whale.

E The impact of predation on evolution is well-documented in the field of ecology. The closely
entwined relationship between predator and prey means that one affects the other and, consequently,
both evolve and adapt in response to changes in either species. In relation to whale evolution, the
discovery of whale remains close to the teeth of the cárchameles megalodon, a gigantic shark reaching
up to around 59 feet, suggests that this shark preyed upon prehistoric whales. Cárchameles megalodon
became extinct around 2.5 million years ago, and the impact on whale evolution is believed to have
been significant. Research suggests that, with this predator removed from the food chain, the whale
was no longer hunted, meaning that the ancestors of the modern-day whale were able to increase in
size dramatically.

F Features of the modern-day whale show evidence of its terrestrial roots. As it descended into the
sea, it was necessary for the animal to adapt its respiratory system accordingly; consequently the nasal
passage, originally located at the front of the skull, gradually moved backwards over time until it was
positioned further down its back, forming the blowhole. Secondly, unlike fish, who have vertically
positioned back tails, the whale has a horizontally positioned tail, a feature characteristic of mammals;
at the end of the tail is the fluke, which enables faster swimming and deeper diving. Moreover, the
flippers, originally forearms, serve a very important purpose, helping the whale to manoeuvre through
the water more effortlessly.

G As oceanographic changes resulting from global warming are likely to become an ever increasing
problem, the threat to the survival of all marine life is very real. Flow the whale is likely to evolve in
the future in response to this threat remains to be seen.

Questions 56-60

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Complete the flow chart below. Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from Reading Passage for
each answer.

Write your answers in boxes 56-60 on your answer sheet.

WHALE LINEAGE
PAKICETUS
It closely resembled a 56……………………..……and roamed the Earth around 50 million years ago.
-> AMBULOCETUS

This semiaquatic creature became more effective at swimming due to its 57…………………… shape.
-> RODHOCETUS
Analysis of the 58.....………….... suggest rodhocetus spent much of its time in the sea.
-> BASILOSAURUS
It was fully aquatic and characterised by its 59………………..….size.

-> 60…………………………………….

This animal lived permanently in the sea and is considered to be the direct ancestor of the modern-day
whale.

Questions 61-63
Label the diagram below. Choose NO MORE THAN ONE WORD from the passage for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 61-63 on your answer sheet.
THE MODERN-DAY WHALE

The 61 ………………..which is used for breathing, would have been initially positioned at the front of
the head.
The 62……………….enhances performance in the water.
The 63……………… of the modern-day whale, which now act as a steering mechanism in the water,
were once limbs.
Questions 64-68

Reading Passage has seven paragraphs, A-G.

Which paragraph contains the following information? Write the correct letter, A-G, in boxes 64-68 on
your answer sheet.

NB You can use any letter more than once.

64. a prior misconception held by the scientific community

65. a term used to describe an animal that lives between two habitats

66. one species benefiting from the demise of another

67. reference to a trait observed throughout whale lineage

68. three physical features which verify the whale's transitional journey from land to sea
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Part 3. For questions 69-78, read an extract from an article and choose the answer A, B, C or D
that fits best according to the text. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes
provided.

At home with books

In an age when literature is increasingly going digital, books hold a curious role in some people’s
homes. There are few purchases which, once used, are placed on proud display and carted around as
families move from place to place. And yet that’s precisely what sometimes happens with books, despite
the existence of a digital equivalent. After all, both the music industry and other aspects of the print
media have felt the heat of virtual competition – why not books? Part of the explanation for this may lie
in the fact that, when it comes to the crunch, nosing around someone’s bookshelves is interesting. ‘You
can tell a lot about someone by their collection of books,’ says Doug Jeffers, owner of a London
bookstore.
It’s not just the quantity of titles on display, however, that speaks volumes; generation, occupation,
political leanings, leisure pursuits (even where they go on holiday) – clues to all of these abound, if you
care to analyse the contents of someone’s bookshelves, and even casual visitors aren’t slow to form
judgements. Evidence of this manifested itself when the President of the USA made an informal call on
the English Prime minister at home recently, and for some reason the pair posed for photos in the
kitchen. One of the snapshots was subsequently released to the press, and widely published. There then
ensued much speculation as to how the complete works of Shakespeare had ended up on the shelf in the
background rather than a cookery book.
Household stylist Abigail Hall agrees. ‘I often style houses for sale and you’d be amazed how important
the contents of the bookcase can be.’ Apparently, people use such clues to form judgements about the
type of person who lives in a property that’s up for sale, and this may affect how they feel about going
ahead with the purchase. Perhaps we all seek out others whose tastes in such matters match our own, and
we can imagine living happily in a space that like-minded people have made homely. And even if we’re
not thinking of putting our home on the market, instinct tells us that however much they were enjoyed,
paperbacks read on the beach might be better put away in a cupboard, whilst the unopened classics are
destined for display.
For the interior designer, however, the art of reputation-management-via-bookshelf is not the only issue.
Books can also become an interactive display tool. ‘They can almost be sculptural in that they offer a
physical presence,’ explains Abigail Hall. ‘It’s not just about stacking them on a bookcase, it’s how you
stack them. I’ve seen books arranged by colour, stacked on top of each other. Once I saw a load of
coffee-table books piled up to become a coffee table in themselves. Books define a space, if you have
some books and a comfy chair, you’ve immediately created an area.’ It’s a trick of which countless
hotels, cafés and waiting rooms for fee-paying clients are only too aware. Placing a few carefully-chosen
books atop coffee tables is about creating an ambiance. No one actually engages with the content.
And this principle can be transferred to the home ‘I’ve not actually read any of the. I just love the
bindings.’ So said the actress, Davinia Taylor, earlier this year when she decided to put her house on the
market – complete with its carefully-sourced collection of classic books. Rarely removed from their
perch on a bookcase in the living room, their primary purpose was to disguise Taylor’s walk-in fridge.
And so, with the fridge no longer destined to be a feature in her life, the books were deemed redundant.
Perhaps, then, the future of books lies in this. With more and more being bought in the undeniably
handier digital format, the first casualties of the tangible variety are likely to be the beach-read

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paperbacks – the ones that, if you invite Abigail Hall around, would be relegated to the garage anyway.
But given the uses to which we put our other tomes – whether they’re deployed to show off, look pretty,
or create an atmosphere – the odds of them hanging around look good. The kudos of great work is still
there, and there’s nothing like being, and being seen to be, in possession of the real thing.
69. What is the writer’s main aim in the first paragraph?
A. seeking to account for a seemingly illogical perspective.
B. questioning our assumptions about people’s behaviour.
C. drawing our attention to an ongoing process.
D. outlining the reasons for shifts in priorities.
70. It can be implied from the passage that:
A. The appeal of non-digital books is a sound answer to the important roles of them.
B. The number of books displayed on the shelves is a manifestation of the casualness of their owner.
C. A person’s characteristics may be well reflected in the non-digital books he has.
D. What is written in the books one possesses may unveil hidden depths of them.
71. The example of what happened after the release of a photo featuring two political figures serves to
illustrate:
A. the revealing quality of photoshoots
B. people’s curiosity about private lives of politicians
C. the attractiveness of unusual features in a photo
D. books’ faculty for grabbing people’s attention
72. Described in the passage is a tendency for people to:
A. forge a relationship with people having the same tastes.
B. reach their own conclusions based on a person’s bookshelf
C. showcase their wealth by displaying unused classic books.
D. take an interest in reading books with paper cover.
73. As can be deduced from the passage, in hotels or cafés, considerable importance is attached to:
A. incentivizing visitors to read books on the shelf .
B. establishing an atmosphere with the aid of well-placed books.
C. charging customers a considerable sum of money for using books.
D. piling books according to categorization of their colours.
74. The phrase “this principle” most probably refers to:
A. the use of books to create a climate without paying much heed to the content of those on show
B. the arrangement of books in order of content to impress visitors right from their arrival at a place
C. the tricks used to magnetize visitors which are usually adopted by hotels and cafés
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D. the interactivity of books which can be of assistance to the formation of an ambiance within a house 
75. What can be said about books in the case of Davinia Taylor?
A. They were not regarded as reflections of her taste in reading.
B. Their titles were inappropriately selected for display.
C. Their presence was indispensable to the house she intends to sell.
D. They fell into disuse as there was no longer a need for another item.
76. Given the current situation, the writer suggests that:
A. paperbacks are definitely the most vulnerable to redundancy.
B. technology has raised the number of books purchased.
C. there remains a likelihood that non-digital books are put on display.
D. owning a tangible item is a tantalising thing.
77. In the passage as a whole, the writer’s primary aim is most probably to:
A. elucidate the arguments in favour of non-digital books.
B. foreshadow the decline of paperbacks.
C. express a sanguine view regarding the future of non-digital books.
D. avert any attempts by other people to defame books.
78. Which of the following adjectives best describe a characteristic of this passage?
A. well-supported B. well-rounded C. well-appointed D. well-turned  
Part 4. You are going to read an article. seven paragraphs have been removed from the article.
Choose from the paragraphs (A-H) the one which fits each gap 79-85. There is one extra
paragraph that you do not need to use.
MOBILE PHONE ETIQUETTE

The term 'etiquette' refers to the set of largely unwritten rules and conventions that govern our everyday
behaviour. Many of these rules are reasonable and logical, and sticking to them makes life easier for
everyone. Other aspects of good etiquette might seem to be somewhat arbitrary, with origins lost in the
mists of time; for the most part, though, we abide by the rules because we don't wish to appear bad-
mannered or disrespectful.

79.

A prime example of this concerns the use of mobile phones. There can be no doubt that these devices
have a host of advantages and that, over the last twenty years or so, they have revolutionised the way in
which people communicate. On the negative side, though, the fact that mobiles became ubiquitous
almost overnight means that there hasn't been time for society as a whole to develop a set of commonly
accepted guidelines regarding their use.

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80.

Journalist, Anne Perkins, was so infuriated by the lack of respect and consideration shown by some
mobile phone users that she decided to set up MobileManners.web. This website aims to raise awareness
of the issue and to encourage people to follow the Mobile Manners code of conduct when using their
mobile.

81.

Their conversation was well underway when it was interrupted by the ringing of the celebrity's phone.
Not only did he insist on taking the call, but he then proceeded to carry on a prolonged conversation
while Anne was left twiddling her thumbs. The worst part of this was that he wasn't responding to a
family emergency or even discussing an important business deal. He was simply recounting his exploits
of the previous night at some fashionable nightclub to some sycophantic crony. After hanging up, he
didn't even apologise to Anne, so when his phone rang again, two minutes later, she cut the interview
short and left.

82.

To begin with, the site points out that mobiles are supposed to make your life easier, not more stressful.
You should not feel obliged to answer the phone every time it rings, nor do you have to respond to text
messages immediately. You can, and, most of the time, should give priority to the people around you.

83.

These are basic points that most people probably have an opinion on, even if they don't necessarily agree
with the Mobile Manners take on things. However, the code goes on to give Anne's views on a wide
range of issues which many of us may never have thought about before. The topics that should and
shouldn't be discussed on a mobile in public, the types of ringtone that are appropriate for people with
certain jobs, and the times of day when it is inappropriate to send a colleague a text message are just
some of the things that are covered.

84.

Of course, displaying good manners isn't the only thing that people need to think about in connection to
mobiles. Safety is another very important aspect of mobile phone use. In particular, the issue of using
mobiles while driving has been in the headlines in recent years. A large number of road accidents are
believed to have been caused by drivers who were chatting on the phone or, even worse, texting while
on the road.

85.

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All in all, it is clear that it can take some time for us to fully understand the social and legal
ramifications of new technology. This is especially true of a development that changes the culture as
quickly and as radically as the mobile phone has.

A. Rude behaviour, like that of the so-called 'star', certainly doesn't adhere to the Mobile Manners code,
the first rule of which is 'Show respect to the people affected by your mobile phone use'. The website
stresses that its founder truly believes that mobile phones are wonderful devices but that, in a civil
society, people should be more thoughtful about their impact on others.

B. Anne says that she had long been annoyed by some impolite people's use of mobiles, but that the final
straw came about six months ago when she was interviewing a well-known public figure for an article
she was writing for a national newspaper.

C. In a number of countries, it is now illegal to use a mobile while you are behind the wheel. In other
places, only hands-free phones are permitted, although this compromise might still endanger road users,
since research has shown that drivers are far more distracted by a phone conversation than when chatting
with another passenger.

D. Problems arise, however, when people disagree about the correct etiquette, or aren't sure about what
the 'done thing' is in a certain situation. This can occur when a significant change in the lifestyle of
people in a community happens too rapidly for social norms to become ingrained.

E. Anne points out that the details aren't crucial, and that she doesn't expect people to memorise the
whole code. The important thing, she says, is that people start thinking about the issue and modifying
their behaviour accordingly. Even if some people start lowering their voices when talking on their
mobiles or switching them to silent mode when in public places, Anne thinks she will have achieved
something and made the world a slightly more pleasant place.

F. The Mobile Manners site is just one of many dealing with this issue that have sprung up in recent
years. There is also a large number of sites dealing with online etiquette (or 'netiquette) and others
covering the correct way (at least in the authors' opinion) to behave in relation to other technological
developments. People clearly feel the need for guidance in these matters.

G. Consequently, otherwise polite people can use their phones in ways that irritate those around them.
And places such as museums, restaurants, cinemas and theatres have been forced to introduce measures
that regulate the use of mobile phones, or in some cases ban them outright, because members of the
public could not be relied upon to use their phones in a considerate manner.

H. This means that you shouldn't let a ringing phone interrupt a face-to-face conversation unless you are
expecting an important call and, under those circumstances, it is polite to apologise and say something
along the lines of 'Do you mind if I get that?' before answering the call. Similarly, you should wait for an
appropriate moment to respond to a text, and never try to carry on your conversation and compose a text
message at the same time.

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Part 5. The passage below consists of five sections marked A-E. For questions 86-95, read the
passage and do the task that follows. Write your answers (A-E) in the corresponding numbered
boxes provided.

A. Throwaway living took off in the second half of the 20th century. Disposable coffee cups, plastic
stirrers, and plates that could be tossed in the bin 'improved' our lives. Global plastic production soared
from 1.5 million tonnes in 1950 to nearly 200 million tonnes in 2002. Today, it's reached the 300 million
tonne mark. Reports of ocean garbage patches suggest that much of that plastic eventually ends up in our
seas. Take a boat out far enough and you'll witness bottles, toy figurines, roller balls from underarm
deodorants and thousands of plastic sandals all floating around in the sea. A project called The Ocean
Cleanup has been testing floating platforms for collecting bigger bits of plastic, but they cannot deal
with microplastics. Microplastics is the technical term for tiny pieces of plastic. They are so finely
shredded by ocean currents that they're impossible to spot from a boat and are easily mistaken for food
by sea creatures.

B. A recent study by Marcus Eriksen, one of the co-founders of 5 Gyres, the organisation that studies
plastic pollution in the seas, suggests that at least five trillion pieces of plastic, altogether weighing in at
over 268,000 tonnes, are floating around near the surface of the sea. An incredible 92 per cent of the
pieces are microplastics. According to Eriksen, we'll have to live with what's already out there. "It's
going to sink, it's going to get buried, it's going to fossilize," he says. "There's no efficient means to
clean up 5km down on the ocean floor." No one really knows what damage all that stranded microplastic
is doing, but the hope is that once it's mixed up with the sediment, it's doing less of it. Yet the clouds of
microplastics swirling in the water column pose a problem. The debris is easy for marine life to
swallow, but the gunk that the plastics collect - such as pollution and bacteria - are also a threat.

C. In May 2014, chemist Alexandra Ter Halle joined the Seventh Continent Expedition to the north
Atlantic Ocean with the aim of analysing the gunk. She collected samples and is now analysing her data
back at Paul Sabatier University in Toulouse, France, to work out why some plastics attract pollution as
they age. "The difficulty lies in the fact that there are so many plastics, of different colours, shapes and
compositions," she says. "It's difficult to extract a trend from all those pieces." Ter Halle believes the
answer is prevention. She says that switching to biodegradable plastics could offer part of that solution.
While the first generation of biodegradables just broke down into smaller pieces, the second generation
may have some utility. Ter Halle suggests that they could, for instance, be handy for shopping bags.

D. Yet Prof Richard Thompson, a marine biologist at Plymouth University, believes that the very notion
of biodegradable plastic is flawed. "The idea that you could build into a plastic a feature that would
enable it to fulfil its life in service without deteriorating and then, the minute it becomes an item of litter,
it somehow rapidly and harmlessly degrades... it kind of seems like you're aspiring towards the
impossible," he says. He recently attended a workshop in Portugal involving over 50 people from around
Europe, including scientists, policymakers and industry types eager to offer ideas for solving the
problem. But there was a shortage of cutting-edge solutions. "From my perspective, there was nothing
new from any of the participants," he says. "A range of solutions are known to us, but it's more about
translating that into action."

E. To dramatically reduce the amount of plastic accumulating in the oceans, the 'loop' of producing and
recycling plastics would have to become a closed one. This means that any material leaving the system
as waste would enter it again as a renewable resource. One option is banning certain types of plastics for
particular applications, such as the plastic microbeads used in facial scrubs and toothpastes. These tiny

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particles - often measuring less than Imm - wash straight down the sink and are too small to be filtered
out at the waterworks. All plastic products would need to be designed with an end-of-life care package.
In short, solving the plastic problem in the oceans means solving plastic pollution, full stop.

Which section mentions the following?

86. The importance of responsible product design

87. Potential improvement of an innovation

88. Contemporary lifestyles eventuating undesirable consequences

89. A popularly held solution to plastic contamination being rejected

90. A lack of new and advanced ideas about dealing with pollution problems

91. Uncertainty about the extent of the harm caused to ocean ecosystems

92. Plastic pollution impinging on aesthetic values

93. The necessity of putting ideas into practice

94. A consequence of plastic pollution that will remain

95. Scientific study of pollution hampered by the variety of plastic

IV. WRITING (6 points)
Part 1: Read the following article and use your own words to summarize it. Your summary should
be between 100 and 120 words long. You MUST NOT copy the original.

Why do Weight-Loss Diets Fail?

The popularity of diet crazes over the last 30 years shows that many of us think we are
overweight. It also suggests that we want to do something about it. Diet books with the latest
scientific advice become best sellers, and yet we continue to gain weight. Who’s responsible?
It’s easy to blame scientific experts, but in my view, the problem is often with us, the dieters. We
can’t lose weight because of the way we think about food.
If we cannot follow a plan every day, no diet book can help. Many dieters change from
one type of diet to another, so they never allow their bodies to get into a healthy rhythm. Others
start out strongly on a program and lose a few pounds. Then, when their weight stays the same
for a few weeks, they become discouraged and lose their self-control. If the weight doesn’t go
away quickly, they give up.
But the number on the scale is not our challenge. Modern life is so fast and stressful that
many diets are ruined by “comfort eating”. When we feel down, we want a slice of cheesecake or
a chocolate brownie with ice cream to make us feel better. We use food as an escape. On the
other hand, some of us use food as a reward. If we’ve done something well, we think we
“deserve it”.
We also need to pay attention to the food we eat. We should read food labels carefully
and remember that we are often misled by them. Although a food package may say “low fat”,

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manufacturers sometimes replace the fat with carbon hydrates, sugar, and other fattening
substances. In addition, they may not take out much of the fat. Low-fat ice cream can have 70%
of the fat or regular ice cream, so a scoop and a half of low-fat ice cream is more fattening than
one scoop of regular.
There are just a few of the reasons why our diets fail, but they all arise from our state of
mind and our ability to pay attention. The next time you reach for the cookie jar, remember:
control your mind and you can control your body! The most important factor in losing weight is
in our heads.

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Part 2.

The tables show population in 2010 and 2100 in some countries.

Write a summary of the information. Select and report the main features, and make
comparisons where relevant.
Write at least 150 words.

2010 2100 projection

China 1341 India 1551
India 1225 China 941
USA 310 Nigeria 730
Indonesia 240 USA 478

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Brazil 195 Tanzania 316

Pakistan 174 Pakistan 261
Nigeria 158 Indonesia 254
Bangladesh 149 Democratic Republic of Congo 212
Russia 143 Philippines 178
Japan 127 Brazil 177

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Part 3. Write an essay of 350 words on the following topic.

Write about the following topic in at least 350 words.
These days many advertisements are aimed at children. What effect do you think they
have? Should advertising to children be more controlled and regulated?

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Provide reasons for your answer. Include relevant examples from your own knowledge or
experience.

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V. Speaking
Some people believe that learning does not depend on the competence or methodology of the
teacher, but rather on the student's attitude to his or her own learning. To what extent do you
agree or disagree with this opinion?
You have 5 minutes to sketch out what you are going to say. You should prepare notes instead of full
sentences and try to SPEAK as naturally as possible.
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Your talking time should not exceed 5 minutes.

Good luck

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