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LTE Drive Test Theory Tools Preparation
LTE Drive Test Theory Tools Preparation
The data set collected during drive testing field measurements can include information such as:
Signal intensity
Signal quality
Interference
Dropped calls
Blocked calls
Call statistics
Service level statistics
Quality of Service information
Handover information
Neighboring cell information
GPS location co-ordinates
Different Types of Drive Test
There are different types of drive test depending on the requirement, purpose and
desired result.
To meet customers' requirements for high-quality networks, LTE trial networks must be optimized during and
after project implementation. Radio frequency (RF) optimization is necessary in the entire optimization
process.
Network Optimization Methods
RF optimization involves adjustment of azimuths, tilts, antenna height, eNodeB transmit power, feature
algorithms, and performance parameters. Optimization methods in different standards are similar, but each
standard has its own measurement definition.
What is 4G LTE?
4G is the fourth generation of mobile network technology. 4G offers a connection that is more reliable and delivers much higher
speeds. Specifically, 4G LTE means “fourth-generation long term evolution,” with LTE being a type of 4G that delivers the fastest
connection for a mobile internet experience – up to 10 times faster than 3G.
Ideally, any bandwidth can be used, LTE defines possible nominal bandwidths of 1.4 MHz, 3 MHz, 5 MHz, 10 MHz, 15 MHz and 20
MHz.
LTE is also capable of operating in both bands paired (FDD) and unpaired (TDD).
Modulation scheme
DL: QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM & 256QAM
UL: QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM (optional)
Evolved NodeB (eNB): The eNB functionalities include radio resource management (RRM) for both uplink (UL) and
downlink (DL), IP header compression and encryption of user data, routing of user data, selection of MME, paging,
measurements, scheduling, and broadcasting.
Mobility Management Entity (MME): This portion of the network is responsible for non-access stratum (NAS) signaling and
security, tracking UE, handover selection with other MMEs, authentication, bearer management, core network (CN) node
signaling, and packet data network (PDN) service and selection. The MME is connected to the S-GW via an S11 interface.
Serving Gateway (S-GW): This gateway handles eNB handovers, packet data routing, quality of service (QoS), user UL/DL
billing, lawful interception, and transport level packet marking. The S-GW is connected to the PDN gateway via an S5
interface.
PDN Gateway (P-GW): This gateway is connected to the outside global network (Internet). This stage is responsible for IP
address allocation, per-user packet filtering, and service level charging, gating, and rate enforcement.
Evolved Packet Core (EPC): It includes the MME, the S-GW as well as the P-GW.
4G LTE Drive Test
Major QoS KPI on Drive Test.
Accessibility:
(a) This KPI describes the ratio of all successful establishments to establishment attempts on the network
and is used to evaluate service accessibility across eUTRAN.
(b) This KPI is obtained by the number of all successful attempts divided by the total number of attempts.
Retainability:
(a) This KPI describes the ratio of all successful conversational speech/Interactive related RAB
establishments to conversational speech/Interactive related RAB establishment attempts on the network
and is used to evaluate speech service retainability.
(b) This KPI is obtained by the number of all successful conversational speech/ Interactive related RAB
establishments divided by the total number of attempts conversational speech/ Interactive related RAB
establishments.
4G LTE Drive Test
Major LTE drive test Parameters are:
RSSI: Received Signal Strength Indicator, or the strength of the reference signal.
SINR: Signal-to-Noise Ratio, which compares the strength of the signal to background noise.
RSRP: Reference Signal Received Power, the power of the reference signal. This is an LTE-specific
drive test parameter and is used by devices to help determine handover points.
RSRQ: Reference Signal Received Quality, or the quality of the reference signal; this is in part, a ratio
of RSSI to RSRP.
TAC: Tracking Area Code: corresponds to the location and routing areas in GSM and UMTS.
PCI: The PCI is simply a lower layer physical identity of the cell, the PCI is important to distinguish
neighboring cells transmitting on the same frequency
4G LTE Communication Channels 1
The information flows between the different protocols are known as channels and signals. LTE uses several
different types of logical, transport and physical channel, which are distinguished by the kind of information
they carry and by the way in which the information is processed.
Logical Channels : Define what type of information is transmitted over the air, e.g. traffic channels, control
channels, system broadcast, etc. Data and signaling messages are carried on logical channels between the RLC
and MAC protocols.
Transport Channels : Define how is something transmitted over the air, e.g. what are encoding, interleaving
options used to transmit data. Data and signaling messages are carried on transport channels between the
MAC and the physical layer.
Physical Channels : Define where is something transmitted over the air, e.g. first N symbols in the DL frame.
Data and signaling messages are carried on physical channels between the different levels of the physical layer.
4G LTE Communication Channels 2
Logical Channels
Logical channels define what type of data is transferred. These channels define the data-transfer services offered by the MAC layer. Data and
signaling messages are carried on logical channels between the RLC and MAC protocols.
Logical channels can be divided into control channels and traffic channels. Control Channel can be either common channel or dedicated
channel. A common channel means common to all users in a cell (Point to multipoint) while dedicated channels means channels can be used
only by one user (Point to Point).
Logical channels are distinguished by the information they carry and can be classified in two ways. Firstly, logical traffic channels carry data in
the user plane, while logical control channels carry signaling messages in the control plane. Following table lists the logical channels that are
used by LTE:
Transport Channels are distinguished by the ways in which the transport channel processor manipulates them.
Following table lists the transport channels that are used by LTE:
The information travels as far as the transport channel processor in the receiver, but is completely invisible to higher
layers. Similarly, the physical channel processor creates physical signals, which support the lowest-level aspects of
the system.
Logfile 1
Super
.
Stream
.
.
Logfile N
A superstream is a new stream created by merging two or more sets of data into one large
data set. Beware that size can be huge (since the superstream contains all attributes, even
those that we might not need in our analysis.
How to Create Super Stream
Display All Required Information (1)
Display All Required Information (2)
Display All Required Information (3)
Display All Required Information (4)
Complete Analysis Template
Drive Test Reporting on
Accessibility Performance
Accessibility Performance
Accessibility Performance (RACH)
Accessibility Performance (RRC)
Drive Test Reporting on
Mobility Performance
Measurement Event
Event Type Event Significant
A1 Serving becomes better than threshold
A2 Serving becomes worst than threshold
A3 Neighbor becomes offset better than serving
A4 Neighbor becomes better than threshold
A5 Serving becomes worst than threshold 1 and Neighbor becomes better than threshold 2
B1 IRAT Neighbor becomes better than threshold
Serving becomes worst than threshold 1 and IRAT Neighbor becomes better than
B2 threshold 2
A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 B1 B2
IntraFrequency HO Decision
IntreFrequency Stop Measurement Start Measurement HO Decision
IRAT Stop Measurement Start Measurement HO Decision
Mobility Performance
Mobility Performance (Measurement Report)
Mobility Performance (RRC Connection Reconfiguration)
Mobility Performance (RRC Connection Reconfiguration Complete)
Drive Test Reporting on
Retainability Performance
Measurement Report
Drop Rate Calculation
Drop Rate %:
RRCConnection_RestablishmentFailed/RRCConnectionSetup * 100%
From the drive test result it shows that, minimum RSRQ value are below allowable minimum threshold
at -18 dB, the threshold depends on operator’s standard and KPI improvement
Cell Selection Configuration
4G LTE Drive Test With
Genex Assistance
Genex Probe Overview
Genex Probe Overview
UE State Information
DL Throughput
UL Throughput
Major QoS KPI (LTE) 1
Accessibility: KPIs are used to measure the probability whether services requested by a
user can be accessed within specified tolerances in the given operating conditions
Major QoS KPI (LTE) 2
Retainability: KPIs are used to evaluate network capability to retain services requested by
a user for a desired duration once the user is connected to the services.
Major QoS KPI (LTE) 3
Mobility: KPIs are used to evaluate the performance of E-UTRAN mobility, which is critical to the
customer experience. Several categories of mobility KPIs are defined based on the following
handover types: intra-frequency, inter-frequency, and inter-Radio Access Technology (RAT).
4G LTE Drive Test With
Tems Investigation
Tems Investigation Overview
Tems Investigation Overview
Tems Investigation Overview
Thanks